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Poirier D, Thomas Y, Guerreiro B, Martin M, Aghasibeig M, Irissou E. Improvement of Tool Steel Powder Cold Sprayability Via Softening and Agglomeration Heat Treatments. J Therm Spray Technol 2022; 31:145-158. [PMID: 37520914 PMCID: PMC8765822 DOI: 10.1007/s11666-022-01320-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cold spray can produce deposits from a broad range of materials but reports on cold spray of steels are still limited to the few steel families demonstrating high ductility and medium strength. Softening and agglomeration of steel powders via heat treatment in a rotary tube furnace were investigated as promising ways to improve H13 tool steel powder cold sprayability. By adjusting starting powder size, as well as heat treatment conditions (maximum temperature, cooling rate and heat treatment atmosphere), cold spray of H13 powder improved from virtually no deposition to the production of dense, sound and thick deposits with a powder deposition efficiency of 70%. Powder agglomeration, surface state, microstructure evolution and softening are identified as key factors determining the powder deposition efficiency and resulting deposit microstructure. The developed powder modification method has the potential to facilitate the cold spray of all steels subjected to martensitic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Poirier
- National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Blvd., Boucherville, QC J4B 6Y4 Canada
| | - Y. Thomas
- National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Blvd., Boucherville, QC J4B 6Y4 Canada
| | - B. Guerreiro
- National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Blvd., Boucherville, QC J4B 6Y4 Canada
| | - M. Martin
- National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Blvd., Boucherville, QC J4B 6Y4 Canada
| | - M. Aghasibeig
- National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Blvd., Boucherville, QC J4B 6Y4 Canada
| | - E. Irissou
- National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Blvd., Boucherville, QC J4B 6Y4 Canada
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Kumkrong P, Scoles L, Brunet Y, Baker S, Mercier PHJ, Poirier D. Evaluation of hydrogen peroxide and ozone residue levels on N95 masks following chemical decontamination. J Hosp Infect 2021; 111:117-124. [PMID: 33640371 PMCID: PMC7906521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Hydrogen peroxide and ozone have been used as chemical decontamination agents for N95 masks during supply shortages. If left behind on the masks, the residues of both chemicals represent a potential health hazard by skin contact and respiratory exposure. Aim Characterization of hydrogen peroxide and ozone residues on mask surfaces after chemical decontamination. Methods Various N95 masks were decontaminated using two commercial systems employing either aerosol spray or vaporization of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of ozone. Following the decontamination, the masks were aired out to eliminate moisture and potential chemical residues. The residual hydrogen peroxide and ozone were monitored in the gas phase above the mask surface, and hydrogen peroxide residue directly on mask surfaces using a colorimetric assay. Findings After decontamination, hydrogen peroxide and ozone were detectable in the gas phase in the vicinity of masks even after 5 h of aeration. Hydrogen peroxide was also detected on all studied masks, and levels up to 56 mg per mask were observed after 0.5 h of aeration. All residues gradually decreased with aeration, likely due to decomposition and vaporization. Conclusion Hydrogen peroxide and ozone were present on N95 masks after decontamination. With appropriate aeration, the gaseous residue levels in the vicinity of the masks decreased to permissible levels as defined by the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Reliable assays to monitor these residues are necessary to ensure the safety of the mask users.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kumkrong
- National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - L Scoles
- National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Y Brunet
- National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Baker
- National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - P H J Mercier
- National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Corem, Québec, Canada
| | - D Poirier
- National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Deirmendjian L, Anschutz P, Morel C, Mollier A, Augusto L, Loustau D, Cotovicz LC, Buquet D, Lajaunie K, Chaillou G, Voltz B, Charbonnier C, Poirier D, Abril G. Importance of the vegetation-groundwater-stream continuum to understand transformation of biogenic carbon in aquatic systems - A case study based on a pine-maize comparison in a lowland sandy watershed (Landes de Gascogne, SW France). Sci Total Environ 2019; 661:613-629. [PMID: 30682612 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
During land-aquatic transfer, carbon (C) and inorganic nutrients (IN) are transformed in soils, groundwater, and at the groundwater-surface water interface as well as in stream channels and stream sediments. However, processes and factors controlling these transfers and transformations are not well constrained, particularly with respect to land use effect. We compared C and IN concentrations in shallow groundwater and first-order streams of a sandy lowland catchment dominated by two types of land use: pine forest and maize cropland. Contrary to forest groundwater, crop groundwater exhibited oxic conditions all-year round as a result of higher evapotranspiration and better lateral drainage that decreased the water table below the organic-rich soil horizon, prevented the leaching of soil-generated dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in groundwater, and thus limited consumption of dissolved oxygen (O2). In crop groundwater, oxic conditions inhibited denitrification and methanogenesis resulting in high nitrate (NO3-; on average 1140 ± 485 μmol L-1) and low methane (CH4; 40 ± 25 nmol L-1) concentrations. Conversely, anoxic conditions in forest groundwater led to lower NO3- (25 ± 40 μmol L-1) and higher CH4 (1770 ± 1830 nmol L-1) concentrations. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2; 30,650 ± 11,590 ppmv) in crop groundwater was significantly lower than in forest groundwater (50,630 ± 26,070 ppmv), and was apparently caused by the deeper water table delaying downward diffusion of soil CO2 to the water table. In contrast, pCO2 was not significantly different in crop (4480 ± 2680 ppmv) and forest (4900 ± 4500 ppmv) streams, suggesting faster degassing in forest streams resulting from greater water turbulence. Although NO3-concentrations indicated that denitrification occurred in riparian-forest groundwater, crop streams nevertheless exhibited important signs of spring and summer eutrophication such as the development of macrophytes. Stream eutrophication favored development of anaerobic conditions in crop stream sediments, as evidenced by increased ammonia (NH4+) and CH4 in stream waters and concomitant decreased in NO3- concentrations as a result of sediment denitrification. In crop streams, dredging and erosion of streambed sediments during winter sustained high concentration of particulate organic C, NH4+ and CH4. In forest streams, dissolved iron (Fe2+), NH4+ and CH4 were negatively correlated with O2 reflecting the gradual oxygenation of stream water and associated oxidations of Fe2+, NH4+ and CH4. The results overall showed that forest groundwater behaved as source of CO2 and CH4 to streams, the intensity depending on the hydrological connectivity among soils, groundwater, and streams. CH4 production was prevented in cropland in soils and groundwater, however crop groundwater acted as a source of CO2 to streams (but less so than forest groundwater). Conversely, in streams, pCO2 was not significantly affected by land use while CH4 production was enhanced by cropland. At the catchment scale, this study found substantial biogeochemical heterogeneity in C and IN concentrations between forest and crop waters, demonstrating the importance of including the full vegetation-groundwater-stream continuum when estimating land-water fluxes of C (and nitrogen) and attempting to understand their spatial and temporal dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loris Deirmendjian
- Laboratoire Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France.
| | - Pierre Anschutz
- Laboratoire Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Christian Morel
- UMR 1391 ISPA, INRA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d'Ornon, 33883, France
| | - Alain Mollier
- UMR 1391 ISPA, INRA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d'Ornon, 33883, France
| | - Laurent Augusto
- UMR 1391 ISPA, INRA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d'Ornon, 33883, France
| | - Denis Loustau
- UMR 1391 ISPA, INRA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d'Ornon, 33883, France
| | - Luiz Carlos Cotovicz
- Laboratoire Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France; Programma de pos-graduação em Geoquímica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro São João Batista s/n, 24020015 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Damien Buquet
- Laboratoire Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Katixa Lajaunie
- Laboratoire Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France; Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/INSU, Université de Toulon, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) UM 110, France
| | - Gwenaëlle Chaillou
- Département Biologie, Chimie, Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - Baptiste Voltz
- Laboratoire Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France; Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F 62 930 Wimereux, France
| | - Céline Charbonnier
- Laboratoire Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Dominique Poirier
- Laboratoire Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Gwenaël Abril
- Laboratoire Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France; Programma de pos-graduação em Geoquímica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro São João Batista s/n, 24020015 Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, IRD, UPMC, UCBN, UAG. 61 rue Buffon, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France
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Cotovicz LC, Knoppers BA, Brandini N, Poirier D, Costa Santos SJ, Abril G. Aragonite saturation state in a tropical coastal embayment dominated by phytoplankton blooms (Guanabara Bay - Brazil). Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 129:729-739. [PMID: 29102070 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of the aragonite saturation state (Ωarag) were investigated in the eutrophic coastal waters of Guanabara Bay (RJ-Brazil). Large phytoplankton blooms stimulated by a high nutrient enrichment promoted the production of organic matter with strong uptake of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in surface waters, lowering the concentrations of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2aq), and increasing the pH, Ωarag and carbonate ion (CO32-), especially during summer. The increase of Ωarag related to biological activity was also evident comparing the negative relationship between the Ωarag and the apparent utilization of oxygen (AOU), with a very close behavior between the slopes of the linear regression and the Redfield ratio. The lowest values of Ωarag were found at low-buffered waters in regions that receive direct discharges from domestic effluents and polluted rivers, with episodic evidences of corrosive waters (Ωarag<1). This study showed that the eutrophication controlled the variations of Ωarag in Guanabara Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz C Cotovicz
- Departamento de Geoquímica, Laboratório de Biogeoquímica Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro São João Batista s/n, 24020015 Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Laboratoire Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France.
| | - Bastiaan A Knoppers
- Departamento de Geoquímica, Laboratório de Biogeoquímica Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro São João Batista s/n, 24020015 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nilva Brandini
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Geografia, Laboratório de Ciências do Mar, Instituto de Geografia, Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57072900 Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Dominique Poirier
- Laboratoire Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Suzan J Costa Santos
- Departamento de Geoquímica, Laboratório de Biogeoquímica Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro São João Batista s/n, 24020015 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gwenaël Abril
- Departamento de Geoquímica, Laboratório de Biogeoquímica Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro São João Batista s/n, 24020015 Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Laboratoire Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France; Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat: Expérimentations et Analyses Numériques (LOCEAN), Centre IRD France Nord, 32 avenue Henri Varagnat, 93143 Bondy Cedex, France
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Barhoumi B, Clérandeau C, Landi L, Pichon A, Le Bihanic F, Poirier D, Anschutz P, Budzinski H, Driss MR, Cachot J. Assessing the toxicity of sediments using the medaka embryo-larval assay and 2 other bioassays. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016; 35:2270-2280. [PMID: 26823140 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sediments are sinks for aquatic pollutants, and analyzing toxicity in such complex matrices is still challenging. To evaluate the toxicity of bioavailable pollutants accumulated in sediments from the Bizerte lagoon (Tunisia), a novel assay, the medaka embryo-larval assay by sediment contact, was applied. Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos were incubated in direct contact with sediment samples up to hatching. Lethal and sublethal adverse effects were recorded in embryos and larvae up to 20 d postfertilization. Results from medaka embryo-larval assay were compared with cytotoxicity (Microtox®), genotoxicity (SOS chromotest), and pollutant content of sediments. The results highlight differences in the contamination profile and toxicity pattern between the different studied sediments. A significant correlation was shown between medaka embryo-larval assay by sediment contact and SOS chromotest responses and concentrations of most organic pollutants studied. No correlation was shown between pollutant levels and Microtox. According to the number of sediment samples detected as toxic, medaka embryo-larval assay by sediment contact was more sensitive than Microtox, which in turn was more sensitive than the SOS chromotest; and medaka embryo-larval assay by sediment contact allowed sediment toxicity assessment of moderately polluted sediments without pollutant extraction and using an ecologically realistic exposure scenario. Although medaka embryo-larval assay by sediment contact should be tested on a larger sample set, the results show that it is sensitive and convenient enough to monitor the toxicity of natural sediments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2270-2280. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badreddine Barhoumi
- Laboratory of Heteroatom Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
- Laboratory EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, University of Bordeaux, Talence Cedex, France
| | | | - Laure Landi
- Laboratory EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, University of Bordeaux, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Anaïk Pichon
- Laboratory EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, University of Bordeaux, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Florane Le Bihanic
- Laboratory EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, University of Bordeaux, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Dominique Poirier
- Laboratory EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, University of Bordeaux, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Anschutz
- Laboratory EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, University of Bordeaux, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- Laboratory EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, University of Bordeaux, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Mohamed Ridha Driss
- Laboratory of Heteroatom Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Jérôme Cachot
- Laboratory EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, University of Bordeaux, Talence Cedex, France
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Prosser RS, Mahon K, Sibley PK, Poirier D, Watson-Leung T. Bioaccumulation of perfluorinated carboxylates and sulfonates and polychlorinated biphenyls in laboratory-cultured Hexagenia spp., Lumbriculus variegatus and Pimephales promelas from field-collected sediments. Sci Total Environ 2016; 543:715-726. [PMID: 26615489 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and perfluorinated carboxylates and sulfonates (PFASs) are persistent pollutants in sediment that can potentially bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms. The current study investigates variation in the accumulation of PCBs and PFASs in laboratory-cultured Hexagenia spp., Lumbriculus variegatus and Pimephales promelas from contaminated field-collected sediment using 28-day tests. BSAF(lipid) (lipid-normalized biota-sediment accumulation factor) values for total concentration of PCBs were greater in Hexagenia spp. relative to L. variegatus and P. promelas. The distribution of congeners contributing to the total concentration of PCBs in tissue varied among the three species. Trichlorobiphenyl congeners composed the greatest proportion of the total concentration of PCBs in L. variegatus while tetra- and pentabiphenyl congeners dominated in Hexagenia spp. and P. promelas. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was present in all three species at concentrations greater than all other PFASs analyzed. Hexagenia spp. also produced the greatest BSAF(lipid) and BSAF(ww) (non-lipid-normalized biota-sediment accumulation factor) values for PFOS relative to the other two species. However, this was not the case for all PFASs. The trend of BSAF values and number of carbon atoms in the perfluoroalkyl chain of perfluorinated carboxylates varied among the three species but was similar for perfluorinated sulfonates. Differences in the dominant pathways of exposure (e.g., water, sediment ingestion) likely explain a large proportion of the variation in accumulation observed across the three species.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Prosser
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
| | - K Mahon
- Aquatic Toxicology Unit, Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - P K Sibley
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Poirier
- Aquatic Toxicology Unit, Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - T Watson-Leung
- Aquatic Toxicology Unit, Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Chumakov YM, Paholnitcaia AY, Petrenko PA, Tsapkov VI, Poirier D, Gulea AP. Crystal structures of nitrato-{2-[2-(1-pyridine-2-ylethylidene)hydrazine]-1,3-benzothiazolo}aquacopper and chloro-{2-[2-phenyl(pyridine-2-ylethylidene)hydrazine]-1,3-benzothiazolo}copper. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774515010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Pahontu E, Gulea AP, Poirier D, Tsapkov VI. Coordination compounds of cobalt, nickel, copper, and zinc with N 1,N 2-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethylidene)benzene-1,2-diamine and its derivatives. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363214090217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of industrial peanut dry roasting parameters in Salmonella reduction using a Salmonella surrogate, Enterococcus faecium, which is slightly more heat tolerant than Salmonella. Runner-type peanuts were inoculated with E. faecium and roasted in a laboratory scale roaster simulator in which temperature, airflow, airflow direction and bed depth were highly controlled, allowing for conditions that duplicate industrial dry roasting. Temperature data were collected at the top, middle and bottom of the roasting bed in addition to internal peanut temperature via thermocouples in the bed of peanuts and embedded in a peanut. Regardless of roast conditions, peanuts in the middle of the roasting bed received the least amount of heat and hence, represent the worst case scenario for microbial reduction. E. faecium reductions, reported as the logarithm of colony forming units/g (log CFU/g), followed a linear trend with increasing roasting time when peanuts were roasted at 149, 163, and 177 C, with > 5-log CFU/g reductions occurring at the middle of the peanut bed after 21, 15 and 11 min, respectively, at a bed depth of 75 mm and an air flow of 1.3 m/s. Increased air flow increased E. faecium reduction. At 16 min roast time and a 75 mm bed depth, reduction at the middle of the bed was ≤ 3-log CFU/g at 1 m/s and > 5-log CFU/g at 1.3 m/s. When all other roast parameters were held constant, decreasing bed depth also increased reduction of E. faecium in the middle of the bed. Comparing various samples roasted at 149, 163 and 177 C over a range of times, roast color (Hunter L-value) was positively correlated (R2 = 0.73) with the log reduction of E. faecium. Most peanuts with an L-value darker than 53, a common threshold for light roast had ≥ 5-log CFU/g reductions; however, further study is required, including roasting peanuts from different origins and maturity, to fully understand the implications of roast color development and microbial reduction. This work provides valuable practical information for manufacturers of roasted peanuts when validating Salmonella reductions under a particular set of roasting parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T. H. Sanders
- USDA ARS Market Quality & Handling Research Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - J. P. Davis
- USDA ARS Market Quality & Handling Research Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695
- Dept. of Food, Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
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Pakhontsu E, Tsapkov VI, Poirier D, Gulya AP. Coordination compounds of copper and nickel with N,N′-[4,4′-(perfluoro-1,4-phenylene)bis(oxy)bis(4,1-phenylene)]-bis[2-(pyridin-2-ylmethylidene)hydrazinecarbothioamide] and its derivatives. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363214060231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Chumakov YM, Petrenko PA, Codita TB, Tsapkov VI, Poirier D, Gulea AP. Crystal structures of 5-Bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, and 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1-carbaldehyde 4-(2-pyridyl) thiosemicarbazones. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774514020072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Texier N, Housset B, Roche N, Serrier P, Van Ganse E, Decuypere L, Poirier D, Pribil C. Étude USB – analyse de données longitudinales dans un suivi de cohorte de patients atteints de broncho-pneumopathie chronique obstructive (BPCO) et traités par Seretide® Diskus® 500/50. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2013.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Popusoi A, Barba N, Gulea A, Roy J, Poirier D, Prisacari V. Synthesis and Biologic Properties of Some 1-(Alchyl)Phenyl-3-(4-(3-(Pyridin-2-Il)Acryloyl)Phenylthiourea. ChemJMold 2013. [DOI: 10.19261/cjm.2013.08(1).10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Lin SX, Poirier D, Adamski J. A Challenge for Medicinal Chemistry by the 17β-hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Superfamily: An Integrated Biological Function and Inhibition Study. Curr Top Med Chem 2013; 13:1164-71. [DOI: 10.2174/15680266113139990004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Poirier D, Ajeawung N, Maltais R, Kamnasaran D. 341 Cytotoxic Screen Unveils a Novel Inhibitor of Low Grade Pediatric Astrocytomas Belonging to a Family of Steroid Inhibitor Compounds. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)72139-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Pavel H, Ajeawung N, Faure R, Poirier D, Kamnasaran D, Ajeawung N, Joshi H, Kamnasaran D, Poirier D, Ajeawung N, Kamnasaran D, Lun X, Zemp F, Sun B, Stechishin O, Luchman A, Kelly JJ, Weiss S, Hamilton MG, Cairncross G, Senger DL, Bell J, McFadden G, Forsyth PA, Tzeng SY, Guerrero-Cazares H, Martinez EE, Young NP, Sunshine JC, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Green JJ, Lei L, D'Amico R, Sisti J, Leung R, Sonabend AM, Guarnieri P, Rosenfeld SS, Bruce JN, Canoll P, Baichwal VR, Reeves L, Chad BL, Zavitz KH, Beelen AP, Mather GG, Carlson RO, Manton C, Chandra J, Keir ST, Reardon DA, Saling JR, Gray LS, Bigner DD, Friedman HS, Zhang J, Brun J, Ogbomo H, Zemp F, Wang Z, Stojdl DJ, Lun X, Forsyth PA, Kong LY, Hatiboglu MA, Wei J, Wang Y, McEnery KA, Fuller GN, Qiao W, Davies MA, Priebe W, Heimberger AB, Amendolara B, Gil O, Lei L, Ivkovic S, Bruce J, Canoll P, Rosenfeld S, Finniss S, Perlstein B, Miller C, Okhrimenko H, Kazimirsky G, Cazacu S, Lemke N, Brodie S, Rempel SA, Rosenblum M, Mikkelsen T, Margel S, Brodie C, Guvenc H, Demir H, Gupta S, Mazumder S, Ray-Chaundhury A, Li T, Li C, Nakano I, Rahman R, Rahman C, Smith S, Macarthur D, Rose F, Shakesheff K, Grundy RG, Brenner AJ, Goins B, Bao A, Miller J, Trevino A, Zuniga R, Phillips WT, Gilg AG, Bowers KG, Toole BP, Maria BL, Leung GK, Sun S, Wong ST, Zhang XQ, Pu JK, Lui WM, Marino AM, Hussaini IM, Amos S, Simpson K, Redpath GT, Lyons C, Dipierro C, Grant GA, Wilson C, Salami S, Macaroni P, Li S, Park JY, Needham D, Bigner D, Dewhirst M, Ohlfest J, Gallardo J, Argawal S, Mittapalli R, Donelson R, Elmquist WF, Nicolaides T, Hariono S, Barkovich K, Hashizume R, Rowitch D, Weiss W, Sheer D, Baker S, Paugh B, Waldman T, Li H, Jones C, Forshew T, James D, Caroline H, Patrick R, Katrin L, Karl F, Ghazaleh T, Michael W, Albrecht V, Thorsteinsdottir J, Wagner E, Tonn JC, Ogris M, Schichor C, Charest G, Paquette B, Sanche L, Mathieu D, Fortin D, Qi X, Cuttitta F, Chu Z, Celerier J, Pakradouni J, Rixe O, Hashizume R, Gragg A, Muller S, Banerjee A, Phillips J, Prados M, Haas-Kogan D, Gupta N, James D, Florence L, Gwendoline VG, Veronique M, Robert K, Agarwal S, Mittapalli RK, Cen L, Carlson BL, Elmquist WF, Sarkaria JN, Sengupta S, Weeraratne SD, Rallapalli S, Amani V, Pierre-Francois J, Teider N, Rotenberg A, Cook J, Pomeroy SL, Jenses F, Cho YJ, Hjouj M, Last D, Guez D, Daniels D, Lavee J, Rubinsky B, Mardor Y, Serwer LP, Noble CO, Michaud K, Drummond DC, Ozawa T, Zhou Y, Marks JD, Bankiewicz K, Park JW, James D, Wang W, Cho H, Weintraub M, Jhaveri N, Torres S, Petasis N, Schonthal AH, Louie SG, Hofman FM, Chen TC, Grada Z, Hegde M, Schaffer DR, Ghazi A, Byrd T, Dotti G, Wels W, Heslop HE, Gottschalk S, Baker M, Ahmed N, Hamblett KJ, Kozlosky CJ, Liu H, Siu S, Arora T, Retter MW, Matsuda K, Hill JS, Fanslow WC, Diaz RJ, Etame A, Meaghan O, Mainprize T, Smith C, Hynynen K, Rutka J, Pradarelli J, Yoo JY, Kaka A, Alvarez-Breckenridge C, Pan Q, Chiocca EA, Teknos T, Kaur B, Lee SY, Slagle-Webb B, Sheehan JM, Connor JR, Cote J, Lepage M, Gobeil F, Fortin D, Kleijn A, Balvers R, Kloezeman J, Dirven C, Lamfers M, Leenstra S, See W, Tan IL, Nicolaides T, Pieper R, Jiang H, White E, Rios-Vicil CI, Yung WKA, Gomez-Manzano C, Fueyo J, Zemp FJ, McKenzie BA, Lun X, McFadden G, Forsyth PA, Mueller S, Yang X, Hashizume R, Gragg A, Smirnov I, Prados M, James DC, Phillips JJ, Berger MS, Rowitch DH, Gupta N, Haas-Kogan DH, D'Amico R, Lei L, Kennedy B, Rosenfeld SS, Canoll P, Bruce JN, Gopalakrishnan V, Das C, Taylor P, Kommagani R, Su X, Aguilera D, Thomas A, Wolff J, Flores E, Kadakia M, Alkins R, Broderson P, Sodhi R, Hynynen K, Chung SA, McDonald KL, Shen H, Day BW, Stringer BW, Johns T, Decollogne S, Teo C, Hogg PJ, Dilda PJ, Patel TR, Zhou J, Piepmeier JM, Saltzman WM, Vogelbaum MA, Agarwal S, Manchanda P, Ohlfest JR, Elmquist WF, Kitange GJ, Mladek AC, Carlson BL, Schroeder MA, Pokorny JL, Sarkaria JN, Ogbomo H, Lun X, Zhang J, McFadden G, Mody C, Forsyth P, Dasgupta T, Yang X, Hashizume R, Gragg A, Prados M, Nicolaides T, James CD, Haas-Kogan D, Madhankumar AB, Webb BS, Park A, Harbaugh K, Sheehan J, Connor JR. PRECLINICAL EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS AND PHARMACOLOGY. Neuro Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nor158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Poirier D, Gauvin R. X-ray microanalysis of porous materials using Monte Carlo simulations. Scanning 2011; 33:126-134. [PMID: 21773976 DOI: 10.1002/sca.20259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative X-ray microanalysis models, such as ZAF or φ(ρz) methods, are normally based on solid, flat-polished specimens. This limits their use in various domains where porous materials are studied, such as powder metallurgy, catalysts, foams, etc. Previous experimental studies have shown that an increase in porosity leads to a deficit in X-ray emission for various materials, such as graphite, Cr(2) O(3) , CuO, ZnS (Ichinokawa et al., '69), Al(2) O(3) , and Ag (Lakis et al., '92). However, the mechanisms responsible for this decrease are unclear. The porosity by itself does not explain the loss in intensity, other mechanisms have therefore been proposed, such as extra energy loss by the diffusion of electrons by surface plasmons generated at the pores-solid interfaces, surface roughness, extra charging at the pores-solid interface, or carbon diffusion in the pores. However, the exact mechanism is still unclear. In order to better understand the effects of porosity on quantitative microanalysis, a new approach using Monte Carlo simulations was developed by Gauvin (2005) using a constant pore size. In this new study, the X-ray emissions model was modified to include a random log normal distribution of pores size in the simulated materials. This article presents, after a literature review of the previous works performed about X-ray microanalysis of porous materials, some of the results obtained with Gauvin's modified model. They are then compared with experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Poirier
- Industrial Materials Institute, National Research Council of Canada, Boucherville
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Jensen RL, Gilliespie D, Ajewung N, Faure R, Kamnasaran D, Ajewung N, Poirier D, Kamnasaran D, Tamura K, Wakimoto H, Rabkin SD, Martuza RL, Shah K, Hashizume R, Aoki Y, Serwer LP, Drummond D, Noble C, Park J, Bankiewicz K, James DC, Gupta N, Agerholm-Larsen B, Iversen HK, Jensen KS, Moller J, Ibsen P, Mahmood F, Gehl J, Corem E, Ram Z, Daniels D, Last D, Shneor R, Salomon S, Perlstein B, Margel S, Mardor Y, Charest G, Fortin D, Mathieu D, Sanche L, Paquette B, Li HF, Hashizume R, Aoki Y, Hariono S, Dasgupta T, Kim JS, Haas-Kogan D, Weiss WA, Gupta N, James CD, Waldman T, Nicolaides T, Ozawa T, Rao S, Sun H, Ng C, De La Torre J, Santos R, Prados M, James CD, Butowski N, Michaud K, Solomon DA, Li HF, Kim JS, Prados MD, Ozawa T, Waldman T, James CD, Pandya H, Gibo D, Debinski W, Vinchon-Petit S, Jarnet D, Jadaud E, Feuvret L, Garcion E, Menei P, Chen R, Yu JC, Liu C, Jaffer ZM, Chabala JC, Winssinger N, Rubenstein AE, Emdad L, Kothari H, Qadeer Z, Binello E, Germano I, Hirschberg H, Baek SK, Kwon YJ, Sun CH, Li SC, Madsen S, Debinski W, Liu T, Wang SW, Gibo DM, Fan QW, Cheng C, Hackett C, Feldman M, Houseman BT, Houseman BT, Nicolaides T, James CD, Haas-Kogan D, Oakes SA, Debnath J, Shokat KM, Weiss WA, Sai K, Chen F, Qiu Z, Mou Y, Zhang X, Yang Q, Chen Z, Patel TR, Zhou J, Piepmeier JM, Saltzman WM, Banerjee S, Kaul A, Gianino SM, Christians U, Gutmann DH, Wu J, Shen R, Puduvalli V, Koul D, Alfred Yung WK, Yun J, Sonabend A, Stuart M, Yanagihara T, Dashnaw S, Brown T, McCormick P, Romanov A, Sebastian M, Canoll P, Bruce JN, Piao L, Joshi K, Lee RJ, Nakano I, Madsen SJ, Chou CC, Blickenstaff JW, Sun CH, Zhou YH, Hirschberg H, Tome CML, Wykosky J, Palma E, Debinski W, Nduom E, Machaidze R, Kaluzova M, Wang Y, Nie S, Hadjipanayis C, Saito R, Nakamura T, Sonoda Y, Kumabe T, Tominaga T, Lun X, Zemp F, Zhou H, Stechishin O, Kelly JJ, Weiss S, Hamilton MG, Cairncross G, Rabinovich BA, Bell J, McFadden G, Senger DL, Forsyth PA, Kang P, Jane EP, Premkumar DR, Pollack IF, Yoo JY, Haseley A, Bratasz A, Powell K, Chiocca EA, Kaur B, Johns TG, Ferruzzi P, Mennillo F, De Rosa A, Rossi M, Giordano C, Magrini R, Benedetti G, Pericot GL, Magnoni L, Mori E, Thomas R, Tunici P, Bakker A, Yoo JY, Pradarelli J, Kaka A, Alvarez-Breckenridge C, Pan Q, Teknos T, Chiocca EA, Kaur B, Cen L, Ostrem JL, Schroeder MA, Mladek AC, Fink SR, Jenkins RB, Sarkaria JN, Madhankumar AB, Slagle-Webb B, Park A, Pang M, Klinger M, Harbaugh KS, Sheehan JM, Connor JR, Chen TC, Wang W, Hofman FM, Serwer LP, Michaud K, Drummond DC, Noble CO, Park JW, Ozawa T, James CD, Serwer LP, Noble CO, Michaud K, Drummond DC, Ozawa T, Zhou Y, Marks JD, Bankiewicz K, Park JW, James CD, Alonso MM, Gomez-Manzano C, Cortes-Santiago N, Roche FP, Fueyo J, Johannessen TCA, Grudic A, Tysnes BB, Nigro J, Bjerkvig R, Joshi AD, Parsons W, Velculescu VE, Riggins GJ, Bindra RS, Jasin M, Powell SN, Fu J, Koul D, Shen RJ, Colman H, Lang FF, Jensen MR, Alfred Yung WK, Friedman GK, Haas M, Cassady KA, Gillespie GY, Nguyen V, Murphy LT, Beauchamp AS, Hollingsworth CK, Debinski W, Mintz A, Pandya H, Garg S, Gibo D, Kridel S, Debinski W, Conrad CA, Madden T, Ji Y, Colman H, Priebe W, Seleverstov O, Purow BW, Grant GA, Wilson C, Campbell M, Humphries P, Li S, Li J, Johnson A, Bigner D, Dewhirst M, Sarkaria JN, Cen L, Pokorny JL, Mladek AC, Kitange GJ, Schroeder MA, Carlson BL, Suphangul M, Petro B, Mukhtar L, Baig MS, Villano J, Mahmud N, Keir ST, Reardon DA, Watson M, Shore GC, Bigner DD, Friedman HS, Keir ST, Gururangan S, Reardon DA, Bigner DD, Friedman HS. Pre-clinical Experimental Therapeutics and Pharmacology. Neuro Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noq116.s13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Canton M, Anschutz P, Naudet V, Molnar N, Mouret A, Franceschi M, Naessens F, Poirier D. Impact of solid waste disposal on nutrient dynamics in a sandy catchment. J Contam Hydrol 2010; 116:1-15. [PMID: 20658756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2010.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Groundwaters impacted by mature landfill leachate are generally enriched in ammonium. In order to assess the dynamics of ammonium exchanges between leachates and the water system inside a sandy permeable catchment we measured ammonium, nitrate and chloride concentrations in the stream and in sediment pore waters of the streambed of a landfill impacted aquifer. Geophysical investigation methods complemented the biogeochemical survey. The studied zone is a 23 km(2) catchment located in a coastal lagoon area sensitive to eutrophication risk. Ammonium concentrations in the river were up to 800 micromol l(-1) during low water period in summer. Three surveys of the river chemistry showed a regular increase in ammonium, nitrate and chloride concentrations along a 1 km section of the watercourse, downstream the landfill, implying that the leachate plume exfiltrates along this section. Sediment cores collected within this section showed all an increase in ammonium concentrations with depth in pore waters as a consequence of the landfill leachate dispersion, as attested by a simultaneous increase in chloride concentrations. Nitrate enrichment in the river water was due to nitrification of ammonium at the interface between groundwater and streamwater. The apparent nitrification rate obtained was within values reported for turbid estuaries, although the river contained very little suspended particulate matter. Actually, pore water chemistry suggests that nitrification occurred for the most part in subsurface permeable sediments, rather than in stream water. The overall topographic, hydrological, geochemical, and geoelectrical data set permit to estimate the extension of the chloride and ammonium plume. The estimation of the apparent ammonium plume velocity is 23 m year(-1) whereas the chloride plume velocity should be 50 m year(-1). The river is the outlet of the impacted groundwaters. Considering that the input of ammonium from the landfill is balanced by the present day output via the river, the residence time of ammonium in the aquifer is between 7 and 18 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Canton
- Université de Bordeaux 1, CNRS UMR 5805 Environnements Paléoenvironnements Océaniques (EPOC), Avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence, France
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Gulya AP, Tsapkov VI, Poirier D, Aruksandei K, Pakhontsu E. Sulfanilamide copper(II) chelates with 2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl-imino)methyl]phenolom and 1-[(2-hydroxyphenylimino)-methyl]naphthalen-2-ol. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363210070224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kamnasaran D, Poirier D, Rana M, Ajewung N. 170 A chemical genetics screen identifies novel steroid inhibitor drugs that inhibit the growth of glioma cell lines. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)70977-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Kamnasaran D, Poirier D, Rana M, Ajewung N. 137 A chemical genetics screen identifies novel steroid inhibitor drugs that inhibit the growth of glioma stem cells. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)70945-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Gulya AP, Gynzhu D, Bairak NN, Poirier D, Tsapkov VI. Synthesis, structure and properties of complex compounds of cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc with 2-formylpyridine semicarbazone. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363209070160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Chumakov YM, Tsapkov VI, Jeanneau E, Bairac NN, Bocelli G, Poirier D, Roy J, Gulea AP. Crystal structures of copper(II) chloride, copper(II) bromide, and copper(II) nitrate complexes with pyridine-2-carbaldehyde thiosemicarbazone. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774508050106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Gulya AP, Prisacar’ VI, Tsapkov VI, Buracheva SA, Spynu SN, Bezhenar’ NP, Poirier D, Roy J. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of sulfanylamide-containing copper(II) and nickel(II) salicylidenethiosemicarbazidates. Pharm Chem J 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-008-0023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fournier D, Poirier D, Mazumdar M, Lin SX. Design and synthesis of bisubstrate inhibitors of type 1 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: overview and perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2008; 43:2298-306. [PMID: 18372081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2007] [Revised: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD1) is a key steroidogenic enzyme that catalyses the reduction of steroid estrone into the most potent endogenous estrogen estradiol using the cofactor NAD(P)H. Bisubstrate inhibition is a good way to enhance the potency of inhibitors of cofactor-assisted enzymes. The design of a bisubstrate inhibitor of 17beta-HSD1, the estradiol/adenosine hybrid EM-1745, is reviewed and strategies for future designs of inhibitors are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fournier
- Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology Research Center, CHUQ - Pavillon CHUL and Université Laval, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
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Dauphin C, Poirier D, Pradeau D. Validated, Stability-Indicated Quantitative Purity Test for Triethylenetetramine Tetrachlorhydrate by Automated Multiple Development. J Chromatogr Sci 2007; 45:315-8. [PMID: 17626718 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/45.6.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
There is a monography of Triethylenetetramine dichlorhydrate (Trientine) in the United States Pharmacopeia. But neither the base nor the salts di- or tetra-chlorhydrate are in the European Pharmacopeia. Triethylène tetramine tetrachlorhydrate, used by AGEPS now as matural, is more soluble then triethylene tetramine dichlorhydrate. It is administred to patients with Wilson's disease, which results from a congenital lack of the copper metabolism. A quantitative purity test of this drug by automated multiple development high-performance thin-layer chromatography is developed and validated. The validation parameters tested are specifically characterized by retention factor, linearity, limits of detection and quantitation of several nanograms, reliability, and accuracy. To determine impurities, the monography of triethylenetetramine dichlorhydrate in the American Pharmacopeia is tested. This method in classic developing tank requires two mobile phases and is not quantitative. Assays in high-performance liquid chromatography with a different column and mobile phase did not give good results for the separation of impurities. Thus, it is not possible to perform comparative validation of the separation of the impurities. Only the assay of triethylenetetramine with potentiometer detection has been validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dauphin
- AGEPS, 7 Rue du Fer à Moulin, 75221 Paris Cedex 05, France.
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Birk A, Poirier D, Davison C. On the thermal rupture of 1.9m3 propane pressure vessels with defects in their thermal protection system. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2006.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Gulea AP, Spynu SN, Tsapkov VI, Poirier D, Roy J. Sulfanilamide-containing coordination compounds of Cu(II) with isatin and N-methylisatin thiosemicarbazones. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363206090179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bédard C, Desnoyers M, Lavallée MC, Poirier D. Capillaria in the bladder of an adult cat. Can Vet J 2002; 43:973-4. [PMID: 12561694 PMCID: PMC339923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bédard
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medecine, University of Montreal, 3200 Sicotte, C.P. 5000, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 7C6.
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Maltais R, Luu-The V, Poirier D. Parallel solid-phase synthesis of 3beta-peptido-3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-17-one derivatives for inhibition of type 3 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Bioorg Med Chem 2001; 9:3101-11. [PMID: 11711285 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00182-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Type 3 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD), a key steroidogenic enzyme, transforms 4-androstene-3,17-dione (Delta(4)-dione) into testosterone. In order to produce potential inhibitors, we performed solid-phase synthesis of model libraries of 3beta-peptido-3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-17-ones with 1, 2, or 3 levels of molecular diversity, obtaining good overall yields (23-58%) and a high average purity (86%, without any purification steps) using the Leznoff's acetal linker. The libraries were rapidly synthesized in a parallel format and the generated compounds were tested as inhibitors of type 3 17beta-HSD. Potent inhibitors were identified from these model libraries, especially six members of the level 3 library having at least one phenyl group. One of them, the 3beta-(N-heptanoyl-L-phenylalanine-L-leucine-aminomethyl)-3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-17-one (42) inhibited the enzyme with an IC(50) value of 227nM, which is twice as potent as the natural substrate Delta(4)-dione when used itself as an inhibitor. Using the proliferation of androgen-sensitive (AR(+)) Shionogi cells as model of androgenicity, the compound 42 induced only a slight proliferation at 1 microM (less than previously reported type 3 17beta-HSD inhibitors) and, interestingly, no proliferation at 0.1 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Maltais
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHUQ) and Université Laval, 2705 Laurier Blvd, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada G1V 4G2
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Tremblay MR, Lin SX, Poirier D. Chemical synthesis of 16beta-propylaminoacyl derivatives of estradiol and their inhibitory potency on type 1 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and binding affinity on steroid receptors. Steroids 2001; 66:821-31. [PMID: 11576622 DOI: 10.1016/s0039-128x(01)00116-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17beta-HSDs) are members of a family of enzymes that catalyze the interconversion of weakly active sexual hormones (ketosteroids) and potent hormones (17beta-hydroxysteroids). Among the known isoforms of 17beta-HSD, the type 1 catalyzes the NAD(P)H-mediated reduction of estrone (E(1)) to estradiol (E(2)), a predominant mitogen for the breast cancer cells. Therefore, the inhibition of this particular enzyme is a logical approach to reduce the concentration of estradiol in breast tumors. To develop inhibitors of type 1 17beta-HSD activity, we hypothesized that molecules containing both hydrophobic and hydrophilic components should be interesting candidates for interacting with both the steroid binding domain and some amino acid residues of the cofactor binding domain of the enzyme. Firstly, a conveniently protected 16beta-(3-aminopropyl)-E(2) derivative was synthesized from commercially available E(1). Then, a representative of all class of NHBoc-protected amino acids (basic, acid, aromatic, aliphatic, hydroxylated) were coupled using standard procedures to the amino group of the precursor. Finally, cleavage of all protecting groups was performed in a single step to generate a series of 16beta-propylaminoacyl derivatives of E(2). The enzymatic screening revealed that none of the novel compounds can inhibit the reductive activity of type 1 17beta-HSD. On the other hand, all of these E(2) derivatives did not show any significant binding affinity on four steroid receptors including the estrogen receptor. Additional efforts aimed at improving the inhibitory potency of these steroidal derivatives on type 1 17beta-HSD without providing estrogenic activities is under investigation using a combinatorial chemistry approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Tremblay
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology Research Center, Laval University Medical Center (CHUL), 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Sainte-Foy, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada
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Ciobanu LC, Boivin RP, Luu-The V, Poirier D. Synthesis and steroid sulphatase inhibitory activity of C19- and C21-steroidal derivatives bearing a benzyl-inhibiting group. Eur J Med Chem 2001; 36:659-71. [PMID: 11600235 DOI: 10.1016/s0223-5234(01)01262-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two series of compounds, benzyl alkylated at position 17alpha and 20 of androstane and pregnane, respectively, were synthesised and tested for steroid sulphatase inhibition. We compared the ability of the compounds to inhibit steroid sulphatase obtained from two different sources (homogenates of transfected HEK-293 cells and Jeg-3 cells) and with two types of substrate (DHEAS or E(1)S). The inhibitory activity of 17alpha-benzyl-5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol (7), 17alpha-benzyl-5-androstene-3beta,17beta-diol (9), 17alpha-benzyl-4,17beta-dihydroxy-4-androsten-3-one (15) and 20-benzyl-5-pregnene-3beta,20alpha-diol (16) has proven to be superior to that of danazol, the first steroid sulphatase inhibitor to be reported, but still lower than that of the potent inhibitor estrone-3-O-sulphamate. The inhibitory activity of compound 7 was as potent as that of its previously reported estrane analogue, 17alpha-benzyl estradiol. Benzyl alkylated compounds with no OH group on the A-ring (with a 4-OCH(3), 4-Cl, or 4-H and their precursor epoxides), as well as a series of basic steroids without a benzyl group (ADT, epi-ADT, 3alpha-diol, 3beta-diol, DHEA, Delta(5)-diol, DHT, T, Preg and Prog), did not show steroid sulphatase inhibition. We have thus demonstrated that the steroid sulphatase inhibitory effect of a benzyl group, previously observed for an estrane nucleus, can be extended to certain androstane and pregnane nuclei bearing a 3beta-OH or a 4-OH group. Inhibitors 7, 9, 15 and 16 did not induce any proliferative effect on androgen-sensitive Shionogi cells. However, when tested on oestrogen-sensitive ZR-75-1 cells, a proliferative effect was observed for 7 and 9, but not for 15 and 16.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Ciobanu
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHUQ), Pavillon CHUL, Québec, G1V 4G2, Sainte-Foy, Canada
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35
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Abstract
The 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17beta-HSDs) are involved in the last step of the biosynthesis of sex steroids from cholesterol. This family of steroidogenic enzymes constitutes an interesting target in the control of the concentration of estrogens and androgens. Among the isoforms of 17beta-HSD, type II preferentially catalyzes the oxidation of estradiol (E(2)), testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and 20alpha-dihydroprogesterone (20alpha-DHP). Based on structure-activity relationship studies, we have developed steroidal spirolactones as inhibitors of type II 17beta-HSD using different steroid nuclei: a C18-steroid (lactones 1 and 10), an antiestrogenic nucleus (lactone 2), and a C19-steroid (lactone 28). We know these inhibitors are selective for type II 17beta-HSD as no or only weak inhibition was observed for types I and III. They also have no proliferative (androgenic) activity on androgen sensitive (AR(+)) Shionogi cells whereas their proliferative (estrogenic) activity on estrogen sensitive (ER(+)) ZR-75-1 cells depends on the nature of the steroid nucleus. Lactones 1 and 10 are weak estrogens, while lactones 2 and 28 do not exert estrogenic activity, in fact lactone 2 is an antiestrogen. Lactones 1, 2, 10 and 28 were also tested in an identical assay with a series of enzyme substrates, C19-steroid diols, and known inhibitors, for the oxidation of testosterone and estradiol into androstenedione and estrone, respectively. From this comparative study, the best inhibitors of type II 17beta-HSD (oxidase activity) were identified, but none of them were clearly more potent than the hydroxylated (reduced) forms of enzyme substrates, E2, T, and DHT. Such inhibitors remain, however, useful tools to, (1) further elucidate the role of type II 17beta-HSD, and (2) regulate the level of active estrogens, androgens and progesterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Poirier
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology Research Center, Laval University Medical Centre (CHUL), 2705 Laurier Boulevard, G1V 4G2, Quebec, Canada.
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Abstract
Androsterone derivatives substituted at position 3 were synthesized starting from dihydrotestosterone in a short sequence of reactions. They proved to be potent inhibitors (IC50 = 57-147 nM) of type 3 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, a key enzyme of steroidogenesis, which catalyzes the transformation of androstenedione to steroid active androgen testosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Ngatcha
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology Research Center, Laval University Medical Center (CHUL) and Laval University, Quebec, Canada
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Boivin RP, Luu-The V, Lachance R, Labrie F, Poirier D. Structure-activity relationships of 17alpha-derivatives of estradiol as inhibitors of steroid sulfatase. J Med Chem 2000; 43:4465-78. [PMID: 11087571 DOI: 10.1021/jm0001166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The steroid sulfatase or steryl sulfatase is a microsomal enzyme widely distributed in human tissues that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sulfated 3-hydroxy steroids to the corresponding free active 3-hydroxy steroids. Since androgens and estrogens may be synthesized inside the cancerous cells starting from dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and estrone sulfate (E(1)S) available in blood circulation, the use of therapeutic agents that inhibit steroid sulfatase activity may be a rewarding approach to the treatment of androgeno-sensitive and estrogeno-sensitive diseases. In the present study, we report the chemical synthesis and biological evaluation of a new family of steroid sulfatase inhibitors. The inhibitors were designed by adding an alkyl, a phenyl, a benzyl, or a benzyl substituted at position 17alpha of estradiol (E(2)), a C18-steroid, and enzymatic assays were performed using the steroid sulfatase of homogenized JEG-3 cells or transfected in HEK-293 cells. We observed that a hydrophobic substituent induces powerful inhibition of steroid sulfatase while a hydrophilic one was weak. Although a hydrophobic group at the 17alpha-position increased the inhibitory activity, the steric factors contribute to the opposite effect. As exemplified by 17alpha-decyl-E(2) and 17alpha-dodecyl-E(2), a long flexible side chain prevents adequate fitting into the enzyme catalytic site, thus decreasing capacity to inhibit the steroid sulfatase activity. In the alkyl series, the best compromise between hydrophobicity and steric hindrance was obtained with the octyl group (IC(50) = 440 nM), but judicious branching of side chain could improve this further. Benzyl substituted derivatives of estradiol were better inhibitors than alkyl analogues. Among the series of 17alpha-(benzyl substituted)-E(2) derivatives studied, the 3'-bromobenzyl, 4'-tert-butylbenzyl, 4'-butylbenzyl, and 4'-benzyloxybenzyl groups provided the most potent inhibition of steroid sulfatase transformation of E(1)S into E(1) (IC(50) = 24, 28, 25, and 22 nM, respectively). As an example, the tert-butylbenzyl group increases the ability of the E(2) nucleus to inhibit the steroid sulfatase by 3000-fold, and it also inhibits similarly the steroid sulfatase transformations of both natural substrates, E(1)S and DHEAS. Interestingly, the newly reported family of steroid sulfatase inhibitors acts by a reversible mechanism of action that is different from the irreversible mechanism of the known inhibitor estrone sulfamate (EMATE).
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Boivin
- Medicinal Chemistry Division and MRC Group in Molecular Endocrinology, Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology Research Center, Laval University Medical Center (CHUL), 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Sainte-Foy, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
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38
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Abstract
Four different types of hydroxysteroids (primary alcohol, secondary alcohols, and phenol), bearing either an oxirane or an azide as a precursor of molecular diversity, were linked in good yields to solid support using the butyldiethylsilane polystyrene (PS-DES) resin. These molecules were then used as scaffolds to generate hydroxysteroid derivatives containing two levels of diversity. The proposed libraries were tested by running steroidal alcohols through a model sequence of reactions (solid-phase coupling, aminolysis of oxirane or reduction of azide, amidation, and final cleavage). As a result, two linked secondary alcohols (17beta-hydroxy-spiro-3(R)-oxirane-5alpha-androstane and 3beta-hydroxy-spiro- 17(S)-oxirane-5alpha-androstane) and a primary alcohol (spiro-17(S)-oxirane-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3,5(10)-estratriene) afforded good overall yields (>45%) and high HPLC purities (>90%) of hydroxysteroids derivatized as alkylamides without purification. One limitation was noted for the fourth library: the phenolic steroid linked by the diethylsilyloxy linker gave a poor overall yield of 8% of the desired model compound. Finally, the diethylsilyloxy linker was used successfully for a rapid solid-phase synthesis of a model library of twenty C19-steroid derivatives (3beta-amido-3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-androstane-17-ones), with an average yield of 53% and average HPLC purity of 97% without purification steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Maltais
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology Research Center, Québec, Canada
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Sam K, Labrie F, Poirier D. N-Butyl-N-methyl-11-(3'-hydroxy-21', 17'-carbolactone-19'-nor-17'alpha-pregna-1',3', 5'(10')-trien-7'alpha-yl)-undecanamide: an inhibitor of type 2 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase that does not have oestrogenic or androgenic activity. Eur J Med Chem 2000; 35:217-25. [PMID: 10758283 DOI: 10.1016/s0223-5234(00)00124-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17beta-HSDs) play a key role in the formation and inactivation, from circulating precursors, of several active androgens and oestrogens. These enzymes can thus regulate tumoural cell proliferation in androgen- and oestrogen-dependent cancers. Recently, we discovered that adding a spiro-gamma-lactone to the oestradiol nucleus results in a novel inhibitor of type 2 17beta-HSD, an enzyme that catalyses the interconversions between 4-androstene-3,17-dione and testosterone, and between oestrone and oestradiol. This finding motivated our introducing the spiro-gamma-lactone moiety onto an anti-oestrogenic nucleus. The N-butyl-N-methyl-11-(3'-hydroxy-21', 17'-carbolactone-19'-nor-17'alpha-pregna-1',3', 5'(10')-trien-7'alpha-yl)-undecanamide (4) was then efficiently synthesized and its biological activity was assessed in vitro. Despite the presence of a bulky alkylamide side chain, the spiro-gamma-lactone function conserved its ability to inhibit type 2 17beta-HSD (IC(50) = 0.35 and 0.25 microM, with and without side chain, respectively). Furthermore, the selective inhibition by lactone 4 toward type 2 17beta-HSD (microsomal fraction of human placenta) was demonstrated by the absence of inhibitory activity toward type 1 17beta-HSD (cytosolic fraction of human placenta). Cell proliferation assays indicated that compound 4 had no oestrogenic activity but did show anti-oestrogenic activity on ER(+) cell line ZR-75-1. No androgenic activity could be detected when assayed on the AR(+) cell line Shionogi either. Based on these facts, we report the synthesis of a new steroidal derivative, one that inhibits type 2 17beta-HSD while possessing anti-oestrogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sam
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Laval University Medical Research Center, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec and Laval University, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Québec, Canada
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Tremblay MR, Poirier D. Solid-phase synthesis of phenolic steroids: from optimization studies to a convenient procedure for combinatorial synthesis of biologically relevant estradiol derivatives. J Comb Chem 2000; 2:48-65. [PMID: 10750486 DOI: 10.1021/cc9900504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
During the course of our studies on therapeutic agents for the treatment of breast cancer, we became interested in the solid-phase combinatorial synthesis of estradiol derivatives that contain a functionalized side chain at either position 16 beta or 7 alpha. Both types of compounds have already demonstrated inhibitory activity toward both biosynthesis and action of estradiol. As a first step, two versatile precursors bearing an azidoalkyl side chain at either position 16 beta or 7 alpha of estradiol were synthesized using standard solution-phase methods. Afterward, the effectiveness of five linkers to attach the phenolic function of these estradiol derivatives to a polystyrene resin was investigated; they were benzylic ether (Merrifield), 4-alkoxy-benzylic ethers (Wang, Sheppard), tetrahydropyranyl ether (Ellman), benzoic ester, and o-nitrobenzyl ether. To test the linker in a synthetic context, a short sequence of reactions, including reduction of the azide and acylation of the corresponding amine, was performed on the polymer-bound estradiol derivative. While all of the tested linkers proved effective in attaching the phenol functionality of the precursor, only the o-nitrobenzyl ether photolabile linker enabled the release of the final products in acceptable purities. Consequently, this linker was used to perform successfully the solid-phase synthesis of four different classes of estradiol derivatives in acceptable yields and excellent purities. This study was preliminary to the combinatorial synthesis of larger libraries of biologically relevant estradiol derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Tremblay
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Laval University Medical Research Center, Quebec, Canada
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Abstract
After a Christmas party in a restaurant, 48 (68%) of the 82 guests contracted calicivirus gastroenteritis. The epidemiological investigation showed that salad was strongly associated with the disease episode (RR = 2.43, P = 0.0005). Similar symptoms occurred among other customers who had had a meal at the same restaurant on the same evening. A foodhandler who had only prepared salad and appetizers became sick about 30 min after the end of his shift. He had been free of symptoms while preparing food. Few outbreak investigations have shown calicivirus transmission by foodhandlers some hours before becoming symptomatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gaulin
- Centre de santé publique de Québec, Canada
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42
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Abstract
To develop inhibitors of steroid sulfatase without residual estrogenic activity, we have designed a series of estradiol (E2) derivatives bearing an alkan (or alkyn) amide side chain at position 17alpha. A hydrophobic alkyl group was selected from our previous study where 17alpha-octyl-E2 was found to inhibit strongly the steroid-sulfatase activity. Furthermore, it is known that an alkylamide side chain blocks the estrogen-receptor activation. Starting from ethynylestradiol, the chemical synthesis of target compounds was short and efficient with overall yields of 22-42% (3 or 4 steps). Among these compounds, N-octyl,N-methyl-3-(3',17'beta-dihydroxy-1',3',5'(10')-estratrien- 17'alpha-yl)-propanamide (15) was the most potent inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 0.08 microM for the transformation of estrone sulfate (E1S) to estrone (E1) by homogenated JEG-3 cells. N-butyl, N-hexyl, and N,N-dioctyl propanamide derivatives of E2 (IC50 values of 6.4, 2.8, and >20 microM, respectively) were less potent inhibitors than N-octyl analog 15. Furthermore, the unsaturated propynamide analog of 15 gave lower inhibition (four times) than the saturated compound. Compound 15 is also about 100-fold more effective in interacting with the enzyme than substrate E1S itself. The ability of target compounds to bind the estrogen receptor, to stimulate the proliferation of estrogen-sensitive ZR-75-1 cells, or to inhibit the E2-stimulation of ZR-75-1 cells was also evaluated. Although a mixed estrogenic/anti-estrogenic activity was obtained for tested compounds at 1 microM, no estrogenic activity was observed at 0.03 microM for 15. In conclusion, a promising inhibitor of steroid-sulfatase activity was obtained by introducing a hydrophobic octyl group in a 17alpha-propanamide side chain of E2, but further structure-activity relationships (SAR) studies are necessary to minimize the residual estrogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Boivin
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Laval University Medical Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec et Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, Canada
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Godin C, Provost PR, Poirier D, Blomquist CH, Tremblay Y. Separation by thin-layer chromatography of the most common androgen-derived C19 steroids formed by mammalian cells. Steroids 1999; 64:767-9. [PMID: 10577833 DOI: 10.1016/s0039-128x(99)00063-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Several methods have been developed in the past for the separation and identification of closely related steroid hormones. Although these methods are effective, most of them use HPLC-derived systems and are expensive, laborious, or time-consuming. In the course of our studies of the metabolism of dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione in tissues, we have modified a previously published technique in such a way that in one TLC step we can separate most of the androgen C19 steroid derivatives produced by mammalian cells. We have used this modified technique for the past 2 years with considerable success and reproducible results, and we find it to be rapid and relatively inexpensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Godin
- Laboratories of Ontogeny/Reproduction Unit-CRBR, Laval University Medical Research Center, CHUQ, Québec, Canada
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Tremblay MR, Simard J, Poirier D. Parallel solid-phase synthesis of a model library of 7alpha-alkylamide estradiol derivatives as potential estrogen receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:2827-32. [PMID: 10522700 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The C17-THP derivative of 7alpha-(11-azidoundecanyl)-estradiol (4) was synthesized and coupled to an aminomethyl resin via a photolabile o-nitrobenzyl linker. Reduction of the azide by the Staudinger reaction to its corresponding amine followed by acylation using four activated NFmoc protected amino acids gave a first level of diversity. Subsequent deprotection of the Fmoc followed by a second acylation with five activated carboxylic acids produced, after photocleavage, a model library of twenty antiestrogen-related 7alpha-alkylamide estradiol derivatives in acceptable overall yields and very good purities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Tremblay
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Laval University Medical Research Center, Quebec, Canada
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Ciobanu LC, Boivin RP, Luu-The V, Labrie F, Poirier D. Potent inhibition of steroid sulfatase activity by 3-O-sulfamate 17alpha-benzyl(or 4'-tert-butylbenzyl)estra-1,3,5(10)-trienes: combination of two substituents at positions C3 and c17alpha of estradiol. J Med Chem 1999; 42:2280-6. [PMID: 10377235 DOI: 10.1021/jm980677l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Steroid sulfates are precursors of hormones that stimulate androgen- and estrogen-dependent cancers. Thus, steroid sulfatase, the enzyme that catalyzes conversion of DHEAS and E1S to the corresponding unconjugated steroids DHEA and E1, appears to be one of the key enzymes regulating the level of active androgenic and estrogenic steroids. Since 17alpha-substituted benzylestradiols and 3-O-sulfamate estrone (EMATE) represent two families of steroid sulfatase inhibitors that probably act through different mechanisms, we synthesized compounds 3-O-sulfamate 17alpha-benzylestradiol (4) and 3-O-sulfamate 17alpha-(tert-butylbenzyl)estradiol (5) that contain two kinds of substituents on the same molecule. In our enzymatic assay using a homogenate of human embryonal (293) cells transfected with steroid sulfatase, compounds 4 and 5 were found to be more potent inhibitors than already known steroid sulfatase inhibitors that have only a C17alpha-substituent or only a C3-sulfamate group (EMATE). The IC50 values of 4 and 5 were, respectively, 0.39 and 0.15 nM for the transformation of E1S to E1 and 4.1 and 1.4 nM for the transformation of DHEAS to DHEA. Compound 5 inhibited the steroid sulfatase activity in intact transfected (293) cell culture assays by inactivating the enzyme activity. Compound 5 also inactivates the steroid sulfatase activity at lower concentration than EMATE in microsomes of transfected (293) cells. In this assay, an excess of natural substrate E1S protects enzyme against inactivation by 5 or EMATE. Furthermore, the unsulfamoylated analogue of 5, compound 3, did not inactivate the steroid sulfatase.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Ciobanu
- Medicinal Chemistry Division of LREM and MRC Group in Molecular Endocrinology, Laval University Medical Research Center, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
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46
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Tremblay MR, Luu-The V, Leblanc G, Noël P, Breton E, Labrie F, Poirier D. Spironolactone-related inhibitors of type II 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: chemical synthesis, receptor binding affinities, and proliferative/antiproliferative activities. Bioorg Med Chem 1999; 7:1013-23. [PMID: 10428369 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(98)00260-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The family of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17beta-HSDs) catalyzes the formation and inactivation of testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and estradiol (E2), thus playing a crucial role in the regulation of active steroid hormones in target tissues. Among the five known 17beta-HSD enzymes, type II catalyzes the oxidation of E2 into estrone (E1), T into androstenedione, DHT into androstanedione, and 20alpha-dihydroprogesterone into progesterone. Specific inhibitors are thus an interesting means to study the regulation and to probe the structure of type II 17beta-HSD. In this context, we have efficiently synthesized a series of 7alpha-thioalkyl and 7alpha-thioaryl derivatives of spironolactone that inhibit type II 17beta-HSD. These new C19-steroidal inhibitors possess two important pharmacophores, namely 17-spiro-gamma-lactone and a bulky side-chain at the 7alpha-position. It was found that a para-substituted benzylthio group at the 7alpha-position enhances the inhibitory potency of spironolactone derivatives on type II 17beta-HSD. In fact, the compound with a para-hydroxy-benzylthio group showed an IC50 value of 0.5 microM against type II 17beta-HSD, whereas the compound with a para-[2-(1-piperidinyl)-ethoxy]-benzylthio group inhibited this enzyme with an IC50 value of 0.7 microM. The latter inhibitor is more selective than the former because it did not show any inhibitory potency against P450 aromatase as well as any affinity towards four steroid receptors (AR, PR, GR, ER). As a result, this inhibitor did not show any proliferative effect on androgen-sensitive Shionogi cells and estrogen-sensitive ZR-75-1 cells. These findings contribute to a better knowledge of the structure of type II 17beta-HSD and offer an interesting tool to study the regulation of this enzyme in several biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Tremblay
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Laval University Medical Research Center, Quebec, Canada
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47
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Qiu W, Zhu DW, Azzi A, Campbell RL, Qi H, Poirier D, Lin SX. Two non-reactive ternary complexes of estrogenic 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: crystallization and preliminary structural analysis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1999; 68:239-44. [PMID: 10416839 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-0760(99)00036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human estrogenic 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD1, EC1.1.1.62) is an important enzyme that catalyses the last step of active estrogen formation. 17Beta-HSD1 plays a key role in the proliferation of breast cancer cells. The three-dimensional structures of this enzyme and of the enzyme-estradiol complex have been solved (Zhu et al., 1993, J. Mol. Biol. 234:242; Ghosh et al., 1995, Structure 3:503; Azzi et al., 1996, Nature Struct. Biol. 3:665). The determination of the non-reactive ternary complex structure, which could mimic the transition state, constitutes a further critical step toward the rational design of inhibitors for this enzyme (Ghosh et al. 1995, Structure 3:503; Penning, 1996, Endocrine-Related Cancer, 3:41). To further study the transition state, two non-reactive ternary complexes, 17beta-HSD1-EM519-NADP+ and 17beta-HSD1-EM553-NADP+ were crystallized using combined methods of soaking and co-crystallization. Although they belong to the same C2 space group, they have different unit cells, with a = 155.59 A, b = 42.82 A, c = 121.15 A, beta = 128.5 degrees for 17beta-HSD1-EM519-NADP+, and a = 124.01 A, b = 45.16 A, c = 61.40 A, beta = 99.2 degrees for 17beta-HSD1-EM553-NADP+, respectively. Our preliminary results revealed that the inhibitors interact differently with the enzyme than do the natural substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Qiu
- MRC Group in Molecular Endocrinology, CHUL Research Center and Laval University, Quebec, Qc, Canada
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Tremblay MR, Poirier D. Overview of a rational approach to design type I 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitors without estrogenic activity: chemical synthesis and biological evaluation. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1998; 66:179-91. [PMID: 9744515 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-0760(98)00043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hormone-sensitive diseases such as breast cancer are health problems of major importance in North America and Europe. Endocrine therapies using antiestrogens for the treatment and the prevention of breast cancer are presently under clinical trials. Antiestrogens are drugs that compete with estrogens for the estrogen receptor without activating the transcription of estrogen-sensitive genes. However, an optimal blockade of estrogen action could ideally be achieved by a dual-action compound that would antagonize the estrogen receptor and inhibit the biosynthesis of estradiol. Type I 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) was chosen as a key steroidogenic target enzyme to inhibit the formation of estradiol, which is the most potent estrogen. This article describes a rational approach that could lead to the development of compounds that exhibit both actions. The chemical syntheses of estradiol derivatives bearing a bromoalkyl and a bromoalkylamide side chain at the 16alpha-position are summarized. Two parameters were studied for biological evaluation of our synthetic inhibitors: (1) the inhibition of estrone reduction into estradiol by type I 17beta-HSD, and (2) the proliferative/antiproliferative cell assays performed on the estrogen-sensitive ZR-75-1 breast tumor cell line. First, the substitution of the 16alpha-position of estradiol by bromoalkyl side chain led to potent inhibitors of type I 17beta-HSD, but the estrogenic activity remained. Secondly, an alkylamide functionality at the 16alpha- or 7alpha-position of estradiol cannot abolish the estrogenic activity without affecting considerably the inhibitory potency on type I 17beta-HSD. In conclusion, the best dual-action inhibitor synthesized showed an IC50 of 13 +/- 1 microM for type I 17beta-HSD, while displaying antiestrogenic activity at 1.0 microM. Despite the fact that we did not obtain an ideal dual-action blocker, we have optimized several structural parameters providing important structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Tremblay
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CHUL Research Center and Laval University, Quebec, Que. Canada
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Abstract
A series of 17 alpha-derivatives of 17 beta-estradiol was synthesized and tested for their ability to inhibit the estrone-sulfatase activity transforming estrone sulfate to estrone. A strong inhibitory activity was obtained when an alkyl side chain or a substituted benzyl was introduced at position 17 alpha of estradiol. The 17 alpha-(3'-bromobenzyl)-estradiol (26) and 17 alpha-(4'-t-butylbenzyl)-estradiol (30) were the most potent estrone-sulfatase inhibitors obtained in our study with IC50 values of 24 and 28 nM, respectively. They also represent a new family of estrone-sulfatase inhibitors. These compounds are about 300-fold more effective in interacting with the enzyme than the substrate estrone sulfate itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Poirier
- Medicinal Chemistry Division of LREM, CHUL Research Center, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
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Sam KM, Boivin RP, Tremblay MR, Auger S, Poirier D. C16 and C17 derivatives of estradiol as inhibitors of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1: chemical synthesis and structure-activity relationships. Drug Des Discov 1998; 15:157-80. [PMID: 9689499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As a first part of our research focused on the synthesis of 17 beta-HSD type 1 inhibitors without estrogenic activity, we needed to identify a small, easy-to-handle pharmacophore able to block the enzymatic activity. Previous studies on the active site of the enzyme by affinity labeling gave us a basis for the design of steroidal inhibitors derivatives. Several estradiol derivatives bearing a short (three carbons) side chain in position 17 alpha or 16 alpha were synthesized and tested for their ability to inhibit the transformation of estrone into estradiol by 17 beta-HSD type 1 (cytosolic fraction of human placenta). We found that 16 alpha-derivatives of estradiol gave better 17 beta-HSD inhibition than their corresponding 17 alpha analogs. Among several chemical groups used in this study, we conclude that better 17 beta-HSD inhibition was obtained for compounds with a good leaving group at the end of side chain. Thus, an iodopropyl or a bromopropyl side chain at C16 alpha of estradiol (E2) inhibit efficiently the 17 beta-HSD type 1 with IC50 values of 0.42 and 0.46 microM, respectively. Their 17-keto analogs inhibit also the enzyme activity similarly. Since this kind of compounds inhibit the 17 beta-HSD type 1 in time-dependent manner and that enzymatic activity cannot be restored later, we conclude to inhibitor of inactivator type. This conclusion is in accordance with the correlation observed between the ability of leaving group to dissociate and their potency to inhibit 17 beta-HSD type 1. We have also observed that additional addition of untritiated estrone protect the enzyme against the inactivation caused by 16 alpha-bromopropyl-E2 suggesting a competitive inhibitor of 17 beta-HSD. The bromopropyl pharmacophore was then selected to be further added onto an antiestrogenic steroid nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Sam
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, CHUL Research Center and Laval University, Québec, Canada
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