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Ren X, Chen H, Wang H, Wang Y, Huang C, Pan H. Advances in the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of Nelumbo nucifera gaertn. Extract nuciferine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 331:118262. [PMID: 38670406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIC RELEVANCE The leaves of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Are recorded in the earliest written documentation of traditional Chinese medicinal as "Ben Cao Gang Mu", a medicinal herb for blood clotting, dysentery and dizziness. Nuciferine, one of N. nucifera Gaertn. leaf extracts, has been shown to possess several pharmacological properties, including but not limited to ameliorating hyperlipidemia, stimulating insulin secretion, inducing vasodilation, reducing blood pressure, and demonstrating anti-arrhythmic properties. AIM OF THE STUDY In light of the latest research findings on nuciferine, this article provides a comprehensive overview of its chemical properties, pharmacological activities, and the underlying regulatory mechanisms. It aims to serve as a dependable reference for further investigations into the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of nuciferine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Use Google Scholar, Scifinder, PubMed, Springer, Elsevier, Wiley, Web of Science and other online database search to collect the literature on extraction, separation, structural analysis and pharmacological activity of nuciferine published before November 2023. The key words are "extraction", "isolation", "purification" and "pharmacological action" and "nuciferine". RESULTS Nuciferine has been widely used in the treatment of ameliorating hyperlipidemia and lose weight, Nuciferine is a monomeric aporphine alkaloid extracted from the leaves of the plant Nymphaea caerulea and Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Nuciferine has pharmacological activities such as relaxing smooth muscles, improving hyperlipidemia, stimulating insulin secretion, vasodilation, inducing hypotension, antiarrhythmic effects, and antimicrobial and anti-HIV activities. These pharmacological properties lay a foundation for the treatment of tumors, inflammation, hyperglycemia, lipid-lowering and weight-loss, oxidative stress and other diseases with nuciferine. CONCLUSION Nuciferine has been clinically used to treat hyperlipidemia and aid in weight loss due to its effects on lipid levels, insulin secretion, vasodilation, blood pressure reduction, anti-tumor properties, and immune enhancement. However, other potential benefits of nuciferine have not yet been fully explored in clinical practice. Future research should delve deeper into its molecular structure, toxicity, side effects, and clinical pharmacology to uncover its full range of effects and pave the way for its safe and expanded clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinshui Ren
- Collaborative Research Center, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Chen
- Collaborative Research Center, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Collaborative Research Center, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China; School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanjun Huang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China; School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhi Pan
- The Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China.
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Zhao W, Li B, Hao J, Sun R, He P, Lv H, He M, Shen J, Han Y. Therapeutic potential of natural products and underlying targets for the treatment of aortic aneurysm. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 259:108652. [PMID: 38657777 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysm is a vascular disease characterized by irreversible vasodilatation that can lead to dissection and rupture of the aortic aneurysm, a life-threatening condition. Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) are two main types. The typical treatments for aortic aneurysms are open surgery and endovascular aortic repair, which are only indicated for more severe patients. Most patients with aneurysms have an insidious onset and slow progression, and there are no effective drugs to treat this stage. The inability of current animal models to perfectly simulate all the pathophysiological states of human aneurysms may be the key to this issue. Therefore, elucidating the molecular mechanisms of this disease, finding new therapeutic targets, and developing effective drugs to inhibit the development of aneurysms are the main issues of current research. Natural products have been applied for thousands of years to treat cardiovascular disease (CVD) in China and other Asian countries. In recent years, natural products have combined multi-omics, computational biology, and integrated pharmacology to accurately analyze drug components and targets. Therefore, the multi-component and multi-target complexity of natural products have made them a potentially ideal treatment for multifactorial diseases such as aortic aneurysms. Natural products have regained popularity worldwide. This review provides an overview of the known natural products for the treatment of TAA and AAA and searches for potential cardiovascular-targeted natural products that may treat TAA and AAA based on various cellular molecular mechanisms associated with aneurysm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Bufan Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jinjun Hao
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ruochen Sun
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Peng He
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hongyu Lv
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mou He
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jie Shen
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yantao Han
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Nutho B, Tungmunnithum D. Exploring Major Flavonoid Phytochemicals from Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. as Potential Skin Anti-Aging Agents: In Silico and In Vitro Evaluations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16571. [PMID: 38068894 PMCID: PMC10706394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., an aquatic medicinal plant (Nelumbonaceae family), has a history of use in traditional medicine across various regions. Our previous study demonstrated the skin anti-aging potential of its stamen ethanolic extract by effectively inhibiting collagenase and tyrosinase enzymes. While the major constituents of this extract are well documented, there is a lack of research on the individual compounds' abilities to inhibit skin aging enzymes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the anti-aging potential of the primary flavonoids found in N. nucifera using both in silico and in vitro approaches. Our initial step involved molecular docking to identify compounds with the potential to inhibit collagenase, elastase, and tyrosinase. Among the seven flavonoids studied, kaempferol-3-O-robinobioside (Kae-3-Rob) emerged as the most promising candidate, exhibiting the highest docking scores for three skin aging-related enzymes. Subsequent enzyme-based inhibition assays confirmed that Kae-3-Rob displayed robust inhibitory activity against collagenase (58.24 ± 8.27%), elastase (26.29 ± 7.16%), and tyrosinase (69.84 ± 6.07%). Furthermore, we conducted extensive 200-ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, revealing the stability of the complexes formed between Kae-3-Rob and each enzyme along the MD simulation time. MM/PBSA-based binding free energy calculations indicated the considerably stronger binding affinity of Kae-3-Rob for collagenase and tyrosinase compared to elastase, which was related to the greater percentage of hydrogen bond occupations. These computational findings were consistent with the relatively high inhibitory activity of Kae-3-Rob against collagenase and tyrosinase observed in our in vitro experiment. In conclusion, the results obtained from this comprehensive study suggest that Kae-3-Rob, a key flavonoid from N. nucifera, holds significant potential as a source of bioactive compounds for anti-aging cosmeceutical and other phytopharmaceutical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodee Nutho
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Duangjai Tungmunnithum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Britina G, Ezhilarasan D, Shree Harini K. Nelumbo nucifera Leaf Extract Induces Cytotoxicity in Osteosarcoma Saos-2 Cells. Cureus 2023; 15:e47609. [PMID: 38021731 PMCID: PMC10667573 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma is the eighth most common cancer and its prevalence in children makes it a global concern. Existing medications and treatments like high-dose methotrexate possess harmful side effects. Therefore, novel herbal drugs like Nelumbo nucifera are of utmost importance. Aim To analyze a novel anticancer herbal drug, Nelumbo nucifera leaf extract for its cytotoxic potential against osteosarcoma. Materials and method Nelumbo nucifera leaf extract was prepared. Saos-2 Cells (human osteosarcoma cell line) were treated with Nelumbo nucifera leaf extract (25, 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 µg/ml) for 24 hours which were then subjected to MTT assay, morphological analysis and DAPI staining. Results The results suggested that Nelumbo nucifera leaf extract had a concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect on Saos-2 cell line. The extract significantly reduced the number of viable cells, inhibited proliferation and induced morphological changes in Saos-2 cells. Conclusion Nelumbo nucifera has the potential to induce cytotoxicity against osteosarcoma cell lines and hence, this study provides a novel therapeutic regimen for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Britina
- Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Karthik Shree Harini
- Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Feng X, Xie B, Han Y, Li Z, Cheng Y, Tian LW. Bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids from Plumula Nelumbinis inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells migration and proliferation by regulating the ORAI2/Akt pathway. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 211:113700. [PMID: 37119920 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plumula Nelumbinis, the embryo of the seed of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn, is commonly used to make tea and nutritional supplements in East Asian countries. A bioassay-guided isolation of Plumula Nelumbinis afforded six previously undescribed bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids, as well as seven known alkaloids. Their structures were elucidated by extensive analysis of HRESIMS, NMR, and CD data. Pycnarrhine, neferine-2α,2'β-N,N-dioxides, neferine, linsinine, isolinsinine, and nelumboferine, at 2 μM significantly suppressed the migration of MOVAS cells with inhibition ratio above 50%, more active than that of the positive control cinnamaldehyde (inhibition ratio 26.9 ± 4.92%). Additionally, neferine, linsinine, isolinsinine, and nelumboferine, were also active against the proliferation of MOVAS cells with inhibition ratio greater than 45%. The preliminary structure-activity relationships were discussed. Mechanism studies revealed that nelumboferine inhibited the migration and proliferation of MOVAS cells by regulating ORAI2/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoping Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuantao Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Wen Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
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Recent advances on bioactive compounds, biosynthesis mechanism, and physiological functions of Nelumbo nucifera. Food Chem 2023; 412:135581. [PMID: 36731239 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn, commonly known as lotus, is a genus comprising perennial and rhizomatous aquatic plants, found throughout Asia and Australia. This review aimed to cover the biosynthesis of flavonoids, alkaloids, and lipids in plants and their types in different parts of lotus. This review also examined the physiological functions of bioactive compounds in lotus and the extracts from different organs of the lotus plant. The structures and identities of flavonoids, alkaloids, and lipids in different parts of lotus as well as their biosynthesis were illustrated and updated. In the traditional medicine systems and previous scientific studies, bioactive compounds and the extracts of lotus have been applied for treating inflammation, cancer, liver disease, Alzheimer's disease, etc. We suggest future studies to be focused on standardization of the extract of lotus, and their pharmacological mechanisms as drugs or functional foods. This review is important for the lotus-based food processing and application.
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López-Acosta O, Ruiz-Ramírez A, Barrios-Maya MÁ, Alarcon-Aguilar J, Alarcon-Enos J, Céspedes Acuña CL, El-Hafidi M. Lipotoxicity, glucotoxicity and some strategies to protect vascular smooth muscle cell against proliferative phenotype in metabolic syndrome. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 172:113546. [PMID: 36513245 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and atherosclerosis through a mechanism that involves vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity. Several molecules found to be increased in MetS, including free fatty acids, fatty acid binding protein 4, leptin, resistin, oxidized lipoprotein particles, and advanced glycation end products, influence VSMC proliferation. Most of these molecules act through their receptors on VSMCs by activating several signaling pathways associated with ROS generation in various cellular compartments. ROS from NADPH-oxidase and mitochondria have been found to promote VSMC proliferation and cell cycle progression. In addition, most of the natural or synthetic substances described in this review, including pharmaceuticals with hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties, attenuate VSMC proliferation by their simultaneous modulation of cell signaling and their scavenging property due to the presence of a phenolic ring in their structure. This review discusses recent data in the literature on the role that several MetS-related molecules and ROS play in the change from contractile to proliferative phenotype of VSMCs. Hence the importance of proposing an appropriate strategy to prevent uncontrolled VSMC proliferation using antioxidants, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ocarol López-Acosta
- Depto de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No 1, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Angélica Ruiz-Ramírez
- Depto de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No 1, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Miguel-Ángel Barrios-Maya
- Depto de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No 1, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Javier Alarcon-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Depto. de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, Iztapalapa, Mexico
| | - Julio Alarcon-Enos
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bio Bio, Av. Andres Bello 720, Chillan, Chile
| | - Carlos L Céspedes Acuña
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bio Bio, Av. Andres Bello 720, Chillan, Chile.
| | - Mohammed El-Hafidi
- Depto de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No 1, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, México D.F., Mexico.
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Wang L, Guan Z, Li S, Dong X, Jiang J, Wang L, Xian S. Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. leaves: network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis of active ingredients and their mechanisms of action in treating atherosclerosis. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2022.2116996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Linhai Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zhuoji Guan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Shaodong Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xin Dong
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jialin Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Lingjun Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Shaoxiang Xian
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
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Zheng H, Han L, Shi W, Fang X, Hong Y, Cao Y. Research Advances in Lotus Leaf as Chinese Dietary Herbal Medicine. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:1423-1445. [PMID: 35770727 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lotus leaf (Heye), the dry foliage of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn, has been valuable as a dietary herbal medicine for thousands of years. Phytochemical studies indicated that alkaloids and flavonoids are the main components of Heye. Polysaccharides, terpenes, and amino acids are also active ingredients. The drug properties of Heye are mild and bitter. Meridian tropism is mainly distributed in the liver, spleen, and stomach meridian. In the Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theoretical system, it is in many formulas for the therapy of various symptoms, including wasting-thirst induced by summer heat, diarrhea caused by summer heat-dampness and spleen deficiency, hematochezia, flooding and spotting, among others. Nowadays, the extracts and active components of Heye demonstrate multiple bioactivities, for instance anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, cardiovascular protective, anticancer, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, antiviral, antimicrobial, as well as hemostatic activities. This review will provide an overview of Heye serving as a typical plant with functions of both medicine and food, including its practical applications in terms of TCM and healthy diet, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, together with its toxicity. Besides, the new points and prospects of Heye in the overview are also outlined straightforwardly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxue Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Lintao Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Wenfeng Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yi Hong
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yan Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, P. R. China
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Zhu Z, Zhong B, Yang Z, Zhao W, Shi L, Aziz A, Rauf A, Aljohani AS, Alhumaydhi FA, Suleria HAR. LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS Characterization and Estimation of the Antioxidant Potential of Phenolic Compounds from Different Parts of the Lotus ( Nelumbo nucifera) Seed and Rhizome. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:14630-14642. [PMID: 35557671 PMCID: PMC9088796 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c07018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Edible lotus (Nelumbo nucifera G.) is widely consumed in Asian countries and treated as a functional food and traditional medicinal herb due to its abundant bioactive compounds. Lotus rhizome peels, rhizome knots, and seed embryos are important byproducts and processing waste of edible lotus (Nelumbo nucifera G.) with commercial significance. Nevertheless, the comprehensive phenolic profiling of different parts of lotus is still scarce. Thus, this study aimed to review the phenolic contents and antioxidant potential in lotus seeds (embryo and cotyledon) and rhizomes (peel, knot, and pulp) grown in Australia. In the phenolic content and antioxidant potential estimation assays by comparing to the corresponding reference standards, the lotus seed embryo exhibited the highest total phenolic content (10.77 ± 0.66 mg GAE/gf.w.), total flavonoid content (1.61 ± 0.03 mg QE/gf.w.), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity (9.66 ± 0.10 mg AAE/gf.w.), 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) scavenging activity (14.35 ± 0.20 mg AAE/gf.w.), and total antioxidant capacity (6.46 ± 0.30 mg AAE/g), while the highest value of ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity and total tannin content was present in the lotus rhizome knot (2.30 ± 0.13 mg AAE/gf.w.). A total of 86 phenolic compounds were identified in five parts of lotus by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS), including phenolic acids (20), flavonoids (51), lignans (3), stilbenes (2), and other polyphenols (10). The most phenolic compounds, reaching up to 68%, were present in the lotus seed embryo (59). Furthermore, the lotus rhizome peel and lotus seed embryo exhibit significantly higher contents of selected polyphenols than other lotus parts according to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) quantification analysis. The results highlighted that byproducts and processing waste of edible lotus are rich sources of phenolic compounds, which may be good candidates for further exploitation and utilization in food, animal feeding, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Zhu
- School
of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Biming Zhong
- School
of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Synthetic Biochemistry
Center, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic
Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zihong Yang
- School
of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Wanrong Zhao
- School
of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Linghong Shi
- School
of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ahsan Aziz
- School
of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Anbar-23561 KPK, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah S.M. Aljohani
- Department
of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A. Alhumaydhi
- Department
of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria
- School
of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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Punia Bangar S, Dunno K, Kumar M, Mostafa H, Maqsood S. A comprehensive review on lotus seeds (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.): Nutritional composition, health-related bioactive properties, and industrial applications. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Lin HH, Hsieh MC, Wang CP, Yu PR, Lee MS, Chen JH. Anti-Atherosclerotic Effect of Gossypetin on Abnormal Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091357. [PMID: 34572989 PMCID: PMC8470489 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gossypetin (GTIN), known as 3,5,7,8,3′,4′-hexahydroxyflavone, has been demonstrated to exert anti-atherosclerotic potential against apoptotic injury in oxidized low-density lipoprotein-incubated endothelial cells, and atherosclerotic lesions of cholesterol-fed rabbits. However, the effect and underlying mechanism of GTIN on abnormal vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation and migration, a major event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, is still unknown. In this study, non-cytotoxic doses of GTIN abolished the VSMCs A7r5 proliferation and cell-cycle S phase distribution. The GTIN-arrested G0/G1 phase might be performed by increasing the expressions of phosphorylated p53 and its downstream molecules that inhibit the activation of cyclin E/cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk)-2, blocking retinoblastoma protein (Rb) phosphorylation and the subsequent dissociation of Rb/transcription factor E2F1 complex. In addition, the results indicated that GTIN inhibited VSMCs wound-healing and migratory abilities through reducing matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activity and expression, as well as down-regulating protein kinase B (PKB)/nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling. GTIN also revealed potential in diminishing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. These findings suggested the inhibitory effects of GTIN on VSMCs dysfunction could likely lead to the containment of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan; (H.-H.L.); (M.-C.H.); (C.-P.W.)
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Hsieh
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan; (H.-H.L.); (M.-C.H.); (C.-P.W.)
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ping Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan; (H.-H.L.); (M.-C.H.); (C.-P.W.)
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Rong Yu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Shih Lee
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan; (H.-H.L.); (M.-C.H.); (C.-P.W.)
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.-S.L.); (J.-H.C.); Tel.: +886-424-730-022 (ext. 12404) (M.-S.L.); +886-424-730-022 (ext. 12195) (J.-H.C.)
| | - Jing-Hsien Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (M.-S.L.); (J.-H.C.); Tel.: +886-424-730-022 (ext. 12404) (M.-S.L.); +886-424-730-022 (ext. 12195) (J.-H.C.)
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13
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Dos Santos MM, de Souza Prestes A, de Macedo GT, Ferreira SA, Souza Vargas JL, Schüler LC, de Bem AF, de Vargas Barbosa N. Syzygium cumini leaf extract protects macrophages against the oxidized LDL-induced toxicity: A promising atheroprotective effect. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:111196. [PMID: 34210581 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized LDL (oxLDL) plays a pivotal role on atherosclerosis development, mainly in the formation of lipid-laden macrophage "foam cells". As a consequence, substances that can modulate LDL oxidation have a pharmacological and therapeutic relevance. Based in previous findings showing the ability of Syzigium cumini leaf extract (ScExt) in preventing LDL oxidation in vitro, this study was aimed to assess the effects of ScExt on oxLDL-mediated toxicity in murine J774 macrophages-like cells. For biochemical analyses, LDL isolated from fresh human plasma and oxidized with CuSO4 was incubated with ScExt pre-treated macrophages. Our results demonstrated that ScExt was efficient in preventing the overproduction of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), the loss of macrophage's viability and the foam cells formation induced by oxLDL. These protective effects of ScExt make it a promising antioxidant for future trials toward atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Mülling Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Alessandro de Souza Prestes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Teixeira de Macedo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Antunes Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - João Luís Souza Vargas
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Luana Caroline Schüler
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Andreza Fabro de Bem
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Nilda de Vargas Barbosa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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14
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Xu J, Ying A, Shi T. Nuciferine Inhibits Skin Cutaneous Melanoma Cell Growth by Suppressing TLR4/NF-κB Signaling. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:2099-2105. [PMID: 32781974 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200811114607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma causes more than 80% of deaths from all dermatologic cancers. Hence, screening and identifying effective compounds to inhibit the growth of melanoma have crucial importance in basic and clinical treatment. METHODS High throughput screening was performed to screen and identify compounds that have anti-melanoma ability. Melanoma cell and mouse allograft models were used to examine the anti-tumor effects of Nuciferine (NCFR). Western blot, qPCR, and lentivirus overexpression were applied to detect the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. RESULTS NCFR administration significantly suppressed melanoma cell growth and tumor size by inhibiting the phosphorylation of p65. NCFR treatment also could suppress TNF-α-induced activation of NF-κB signaling. The anti-tumor effect of NCFR might be mediated by targeting Toll-like receptors 4. CONCLUSION NCFR inhibits melanoma cell growth and suppresses tumor size, which provides potential therapeutic strategies for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxing Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, No.1. Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao 266011, Shandong, China
| | - Anxin Ying
- Department of Dermatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, No.1. Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao 266011, Shandong, China
| | - Tongxin Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, No.1. Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao 266011, Shandong, China
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15
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Wang LM, Wang P, Teka T, Zhang YC, Yang WZ, Zhang Y, Wang T, Liu LX, Han LF, Liu CX. 1H NMR and UHPLC/Q-Orbitrap-MS-Based Metabolomics Combined with 16S rRNA Gut Microbiota Analysis Revealed the Potential Regulation Mechanism of Nuciferine in Hyperuricemia Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14059-14070. [PMID: 33146009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia seriously jeopardizes human health by increasing the risk of several diseases, such as gout and stroke. Nuciferine is able to alleviate hyperuricemia significantly. However, the underlying metabolic regulation mechanism remains unknown. To understand the metabolic effects of nuciferine on hyperuricemia by establishing a rat model of rapid hyperuricemia, 1H NMR and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to conduct nontargeted metabolomics studies. A total of 21 metabolites were authenticated in plasma and urine to be closely related with hyperuricemia, which were mainly correlated to the six metabolic pathways. Moreover, 16S rRNA analysis indicated that diversified intestinal microorganisms are closely related to changes in differential metabolites, especially bacteria from Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. We propose that indoxyl sulfate and N-acetylglutamate in urine may be the potential biomarkers besides uric acid for early diagnosis and prevention of hyperuricemia. Gut microbiological analysis found that changes in the gut microbiota are closely related to these metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Piao Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Tekleab Teka
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, P.O. Box 1145, Dessie +251-1145, Ethiopia
| | - You-Cai Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wen-Zhi Yang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Lai-Xing Liu
- School of Management, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Li-Feng Han
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Cai-Xiang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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16
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Gao H, Zhang L, Zhu A, Liu X, Wang T, Wan M, Yang X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Metabolic Profiling of Nuciferine In Vivo and In Vitro. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14135-14147. [PMID: 33206508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nuciferine (NF) is one of the main constituents of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) leaves which have been widely used in both food and drug formulations in China. Although possessing a broad spectrum of bioactivities, the metabolic characteristics of NF are inadequately unknown after oral gavage with this NF. The present study was performed to characterize its metabolism in vivo and in vitro. After NF oral gavage with mice, a total of 55 metabolites, containing 14 novel phase I metabolites and 18 novel phase II metabolites, were identified with high-resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Recombinant enzyme screenings showed that multiple cytochrome P450s, two UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT1A4, UGT1A9), and several sulfotransferases (SULTs) participated in the metabolism of NF. In silico prediction and molecular docking of NF to the polymorphic enzymes (CYPs) provided additional support for the above experiments. This research details metabolic characteristics and provides an important reference basis for further application of NF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - An Zhu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tianxia Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Meiqi Wan
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiuwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yingtao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Youbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
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17
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Chung DJ, Wu YL, Yang MY, Chan KC, Lee HJ, Wang CJ. Nelumbo nucifera leaf polyphenol extract and gallic acid inhibit TNF-α-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration involving the regulation of miR-21, miR-143 and miR-145. Food Funct 2020; 11:8602-8611. [PMID: 33084700 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02135k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nelumbo nucifera leaf water extract (NLE) attenuates high-fat diet (HFD)-induced rabbit atherosclerosis, but its mechanism of action and the relevant compounds remain unclear. Modulating the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) may be an enforceable strategy for atherosclerosis prevention. Therefore, we investigated the potential mechanisms of N. nucifera leaf polyphenol extract (NLPE) and its active ingredient gallic acid (GA) in VSMC proliferation and migration. A7r5 rat aortic VSMCs were provoked using 50 ng mL-1 tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α; the NLPE or GA reduced the TNF-α-induced migration by inhibiting the transforming protein RhoA/cell division cycle protein 42 pathway. The NLPE or GA suppressed the TNF-α-induced VSMC proliferation by inhibiting the Ras pathway and increasing the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), kinase suppressor of Ras 2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. The NLPE or GA increased PTEN expression by downregulating microRNA (miR)-21 expression and reduced Ras and RhoA expression by upregulating miR-143 and miR-145 expression. The NLPE and GA use potentially prevents atherosclerosis by inhibiting the VSMC migration and proliferation. The mechanisms involve the regulation of the miRNA in PTEN, the Ras/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase pathway, and Rho family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai-Jung Chung
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Liang Wu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Surgical Department, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Section 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Mon-Yuan Yang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Chuan Chan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Section 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan and Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Jane Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan. and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N Road, Taichung 40201, South District, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Jong Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Section 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan. and Department of Health Diet and Industry Management, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
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18
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Hsu LS, Chang CH, Lee YJ, Wang CJ. Nelumbo nucifera Leaves Prevent NMU-Induced Mammary Tumor through Downregulation of Fatty Acid Synthase, Estrogen Receptor-α and Her2 Expression. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 47:1885-1899. [PMID: 31838869 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Diet polyphenol can reportedly prevent the formation of breast-cancer cells. Nelumbo nucifera leaf extract (NLE) is enriched with polyphenols and has several cellular functions, such as anti-atherosclerosis, anti-inflammation, and antitumor. In this study, we investigated the role of NLE in the prevention of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU)-induced mammary tumor formation. Cotreatment with NLE significantly reduced the NMU-induced tumor incidence, number, and volume. NLE administration significantly repressed the tumor growth and weight of nude mice upon inoculation with BT-474 cancer cells. Immunohistochemical staining indicated that fatty acid synthetase, estrogen receptor (ER)-α, and phosphorylated ER-α were obviously reduced in the cancer part of BT-474 inoculated nude mice upon administration of 2% NLE. Western blot analysis revealed that NLE and NLPE (polyphenol-rich NLE) repressed ER-α expression and phosphorylation and decreased the phosphorylation of Her-2 without affecting their expression. Overall, NLE and NLPE exhibited more effective antitumor abilities in NMU-induced mammary cancer formation than with tamoxifen and Herceptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Sung Hsu
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hua Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Jong Wang
- Department of Health Diet and Industry Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
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19
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Zou S, Ge Y, Chen X, Li J, Yang X, Wang H, Gao X, Chang YX. Simultaneous Determination of Five Alkaloids by HPLC-MS/MS Combined With Micro-SPE in Rat Plasma and Its Application to Pharmacokinetics After Oral Administration of Lotus Leaf Extract. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1252. [PMID: 31695616 PMCID: PMC6817585 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An environment-friendly and efficient method for simultaneous determination of five alkaloids (nunciferine, O-nornuciferin, liriodenine, armepavine, and pronuciferine) in rat plasma was established by HPLC-MS/MS associated with micro-solid phase extraction (micro-SPE). The plasma sample was pretreated by using micro-SPE columns filled with polymer materials PEP-2 and eluted by little organic solvent (400 µl acetonitrile). The five alkaloids were separated with acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution on Eclipse plus C18 column. The mode of positive electrospray ionization was used to measure the analytes in multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM). The determination coefficients (R2) of the five alkaloids were greater than 0.99. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of O-nornuciferin, liriodenine, and armepavine was 0.5 ng·ml−1, and that of nunciferine and pronuciferine was 1 ng·ml−1. The validated method was effectively used for the pharmacokinetics of the five orally administrated alkaloids of lotus leaf extract in rat plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Zou
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ge
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuanhao Chen
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuejing Yang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-Xu Chang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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20
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Inhibitory Effect of Nelumbo nucifera Leaf Extract on 2-Acetylaminofluorene-induced Hepatocarcinogenesis Through Enhancing Antioxidative Potential and Alleviating Inflammation in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090329. [PMID: 31443426 PMCID: PMC6770729 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf extract of Nelumbo nucifera (NLE) has been demonstrated to possess anti-atherosclerosis, improve alcohol-induced steatohepatitis, prevent high-fat diet-induced obesity, and inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of human breast cancer cells. This study determines the chemopreventive role of NLE against 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in rats. AAF was used to induce hepatocarcinogenesis in rats through genetic and nongenetic effects. After administration for 12 weeks, NLE (0.5–2%) supplementation orally inhibited AAF (0.03%)-induced hepatic fibrosis which appears during the development of premalignant lesions in rats. After the 6-month experiment, NLE supplementation resulted in decreasing AAF-induced serum parameters of hepatic injury, including the level of triglycerides, total cholesterol, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and inflammatory mediator interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α as well as the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (γGT). NLE supplementation also reduced AAF-induced lipid peroxidation and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) formation in the rat liver. Hepatic histopathological investigation revealed that NLE supplementation attenuated the AAF-induced HCC and glutathione S-transferase-Pi (GST-Pi) expression. Furthermore, NLE supplementation increased the expression of transcription factor, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream targets, including catalase, glutathion peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1) in the rat liver. Our findings indicate that NLE supplementation inhibited AAF-induced hepatocarcinogenesis by enhancing antioxidative potential and alleviating inflammation in rats.
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21
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Malekmohammad K, Sewell RDE, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Antioxidants and Atherosclerosis: Mechanistic Aspects. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E301. [PMID: 31349600 PMCID: PMC6722928 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease which is a major cause of coronary heart disease and stroke in humans. It is characterized by intimal plaques and cholesterol accumulation in arterial walls. The side effects of currently prescribed synthetic drugs and their high cost in the treatment of atherosclerosis has prompted the use of alternative herbal medicines, dietary supplements, and antioxidants associated with fewer adverse effects for the treatment of atherosclerosis. This article aims to present the activity mechanisms of antioxidants on atherosclerosis along with a review of the most prevalent medicinal plants employed against this multifactorial disease. The wide-ranging information in this review article was obtained from scientific databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct and Google Scholar. Natural and synthetic antioxidants have a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis through different mechanisms. These include: The inhibition of low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, the reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, the inhibition of cytokine secretion, the prevention of atherosclerotic plaque formation and platelet aggregation, the preclusion of mononuclear cell infiltration, the improvement of endothelial dysfunction and vasodilation, the augmentation of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, the modulation of the expression of adhesion molecules such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on endothelial cells, and the suppression of foam cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khojasteh Malekmohammad
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord 8818634141, Iran
| | - Robert D E Sewell
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord 8813833435, Iran.
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Kim JY, Shim SH. Medicinal Herbs Effective Against Atherosclerosis: Classification According to Mechanism of Action. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019; 27:254-264. [PMID: 30917628 PMCID: PMC6513182 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2018.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a widespread and chronic progressive arterial disease that has been regarded as one of the major causes of death worldwide. It is caused by the deposition of cholesterol, fats, and other substances in the tunica intima which leads to narrowing of the blood vessels, loss of elasticity, and arterial wall thickening, thus causing difficulty in blood flow. Natural products have been used as one of the most important strategies for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases for a long time. In recent decades, as interests in natural products including medicinal herbs have increased, many studies regarding natural compounds that are effective against atherosclerosis have been conducted. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief over-view of the natural compounds that have been used for the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis, and their mechanisms of action based on recent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Yong Kim
- Colleage of Pharmacy, Duksung Woman's University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Shim
- Colleage of Pharmacy, Duksung Woman's University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
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Li Z, Chen Y, An T, Liu P, Zhu J, Yang H, Zhang W, Dong T, Jiang J, Zhang Y, Jiang M, Yang X. Nuciferine inhibits the progression of glioblastoma by suppressing the SOX2-AKT/STAT3-Slug signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:139. [PMID: 30922391 PMCID: PMC6440136 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1134-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuciferine (NF), extracted from the leaves of N. nucifera Gaertn, has been shown to exhibit anti-tumor and anti-viral pharmacological properties. It can also penetrate the blood brain barrier (BBB). However, the mechanism by which NF inhibits glioblastoma (GBM) progression is not well understood. We aimed to determine the anti-tumor effect of NF on GBM cell lines and clarify the potential molecular mechanism involved. METHODS U87MG and U251 cell lines were used in vitro to assess the anti-tumor efficacy of NF. Cytotoxicity, viability, and proliferation were evaluated by MTT and colony formation assay. After Annexin V-FITC and PI staining, flow cytometry was performed to evaluate apoptosis and cell cycle changes in NF-treated GBM cells. Wound healing and Transwell assays were used to assess migration and invasion of GBM cells. Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence staining, immunohistochemistry, and bioinformatics were used to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms. Preclinical therapeutic efficacy was mainly estimated by ultrasound and MRI in xenograft nude mouse models. RESULTS NF inhibited the proliferation, mobility, stemness, angiogenesis, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of GBM cells. Additionally, NF induced apoptosis and G2 cell cycle arrest. Slug expression was also decreased by NF via the AKT and STAT3 signaling pathways. Interestingly, we discovered that NF affected GBM cells partly by targeting SOX2, which may be upstream of the AKT and STAT3 pathways. Finally, NF led to significant tumor control in GBM xenograft models. CONCLUSIONS NF inhibited the progression of GBM via the SOX2-AKT/STAT3-Slug signaling pathway. SOX2-targeting with NF may offer a novel therapeutic approach for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhuo Li
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaodong Chen
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting An
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyuan Zhu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Haichao Yang
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxiu Dong
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Maitao Jiang
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuhua Yang
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
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Chen G, Zhu M, Guo M. Research advances in traditional and modern use of Nelumbo nucifera: phytochemicals, health promoting activities and beyond. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 59:S189-S209. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1553846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Mingzhi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Mingquan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
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25
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Chen HW, Yang MY, Hung TW, Chang YC, Wang CJ. Nelumbo nucifera leaves extract attenuate the pathological progression of diabetic nephropathy in high-fat diet-fed and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Food Drug Anal 2019; 27:736-748. [PMID: 31324289 PMCID: PMC9307034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is not only a common and severe microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus but also the leading cause of renal failure. Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) possesses antioxidative and anticancer properties. The present study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic and renoprotective effects of N. nucifera leaf extract (NLE) in a rat model of type 2 diabetic mellitus. Male Sprague–Dawley rats with type 2 diabetes induced by a high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ) were treated with NLE at dosages of 0.5% and 1% (w/w) daily for 6 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, body weight, serum glucose levels, insulin levels, and kidney function were assessed. Furthermore, antioxidant enzyme and lipid peroxide levels were determined in the kidney, and histopathological examination was performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining, periodic acid Schiff staining, and Masson trichrome staining. To shed light on the molecular mechanism underlying the functioning of NLE, mouse glomerular mesangial cells (MES-13) treated with high glucose (HG, 25 mM glucose) were chosen as a model for an examination of the signal transduction pathway of NLE. The results revealed that NLE improved diabetic kidney injury by reducing blood glucose, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen levels and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities in kidney tissue. Treatment with NLE significantly reduced the malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine levels and increased serum insulin levels; expression of renal superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities; and glutathione content. Histological studies have also demonstrated that NLE treatment inhibited the dilation of Bowman’s capsule, which confirmed its renoprotective action in diabetes. In addition, treatment with NLE and its major component quercetin 3-glucuronide attenuated 25 mM HG-induced suppressed nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and antioxidant enzyme expression in MES-13 cells. Collectively, these findings indicate that NLE may have antidiabetic and renoprotective effects against HFD/STZ-induced diabetes, at least in part, through antioxidative pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Wei Chen
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Mon-Yuan Yang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Wei Hung
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ching Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chau-Jong Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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26
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Tungmunnithum D, Pinthong D, Hano C. Flavonoids from Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., a Medicinal Plant: Uses in Traditional Medicine, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 5:medicines5040127. [PMID: 30477094 PMCID: PMC6313397 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5040127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. has been used as an important ingredient for traditional medicines since ancient times, especially in Asian countries. Nowadays, many new or unknown phytochemical compounds from N. nucifera are still being discovered. Most of the current research about pharmacological activity focus on nuciferine, many other alkaloids, phenolic compounds, etc. However, there is no current review emphasizing on flavonoids, which is one of the potent secondary metabolites of this species and its pharmacological activities. Therefore, following a taxonomic description, we aim to illustrate and update the diversity of flavonoid phytochemical compounds from N. nucifera, the comparative analysis of flavonoid compositions and contents in various organs. The uses of this species in traditional medicine and the main pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, anti-angiogenic and anti-cancer activities are also illustrated in this works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duangjai Tungmunnithum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Darawan Pinthong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC EA1207), INRA USC1328, Plant Lignans Team, Université d'Orléans, Pôle Universitaire d'Eure et Loir, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000 Chartres, France.
- Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, GDR 3711 COSMACTIFS, CNRS/Université d'Orléans, 45067 Orléans CÉDEX 2, France.
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Ye LH, He XX, You C, Tao X, Wang LS, Zhang MD, Zhou YF, Chang Q. Pharmacokinetics of Nuciferine and N-Nornuciferine, Two Major Alkaloids From Nelumbo nucifera Leaves, in Rat Plasma and the Brain. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:902. [PMID: 30210336 PMCID: PMC6123365 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The leaf of the lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is a natural plant resource used as both food and herbal medicine (He-Ye) in China. Alkaloids are considered the major bioactive compound of the herb and exhibit various biological activities, including anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hyperuricemic effects. Nuciferine (NF) and N-nuciferine (N-NF) are two major alkaloids found in the herb. In the present work, the plasma and brain pharmacokinetics of the two compounds were investigated after oral and intravenous (i.v.) administration of a lotus leaf alkaloid fraction to SD rats via ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection and brain microdialysis. After oral administration (50 mg/kg), the two compounds NF and N-NF were rapidly absorbed into the blood and reached a mean maximum concentration (Cmax) of 1.71 μg/mL at 0.9 h and 0.57 μg/mL at 1.65 h, respectively. After i.v. administration (10 mg/kg), NF and N-NF were found to have a relatively wide volume of distribution (Vd, λz, 9.48 and 15.17 L/kg, respectively) and slow elimination half-life (t1/2, λz, 2.09 and 3.84 h, respectively). The oral bioavailability of NF and N-NF was estimated as 58.13% and 79.91%, respectively. After i.v. dosing (20 mg/kg), the two compounds rapidly crossed the blood-brain barrier and reached their Cmax (in unbound form): 0.32 and 0.16 μg/mL at 0.89 and 1.22 h, respectively. Both alkaloids had widespread distribution in the brain, with Vd, λz/F-values of 19.78 L/kg and 16.17 L/kg, respectively. The mean t1/2, λz values of NF and N-NF in the brain were 1.24 and 1.39 h, respectively. These results can help us to better understand the characteristics and neuro-pharmacological effects of the lotus alkaloid fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Hu Ye
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Bijie, Bijie, China
| | - Xiao-Xi He
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chang You
- Beijing Institute of Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Tao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Sha Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Di Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Feng Zhou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Chang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Limwachiranon J, Huang H, Shi Z, Li L, Luo Z. Lotus Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids: Health Promotion and Safe Consumption Dosages. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:458-471. [PMID: 33350075 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., also known as the sacred lotus, is extensively cultivated in Southeast Asia, primarily for food and as an herbal medicine. This article reviews studies published between 1995 and 2017, on flavonoid and phenolic acid profiles and contents of 154 different cultivars of lotus. So far, some 12 phenolic acids and 89 to 90 flavonoids (47 flavonols, 25 to 26 flavons, 8 flavan-3-ols, 4 flavanons, and 5 anthocyanins) have been isolated from different parts of the lotus plant, including its leaves (whole leaf, leaf pulp, leaf vein, and leaf stalk), seeds (seedpod, epicarp, coat, kernel, and embryo), and flowers (stamen, petal, pistil, and stalk), although not all of them have been quantified. Factors affecting flavonoids and phenolic acid profiles, including types of tissues and extracting factors, are discussed in this review, in order to maximize the application of the lotus and its polyphenols in the food industry. Health promotion activities, attributed to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic acids, are described along with toxicology studies, illustrating appropriate usage and safe consumption dosages of lotus extracts. This review also presents the controversies and discusses the research gaps that limit our ability to obtain a thorough understanding of the bioactivities of lotus extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarukitt Limwachiranon
- Zhejiang Univ., College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Huang
- Zhejiang Univ., College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghan Shi
- Zhejiang Univ., College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Zhejiang Univ., College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Zisheng Luo
- Zhejiang Univ., College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
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29
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Lee CH, Hung YJ, Shieh YS, Chien CY, Hsu YJ, Lin CY, Chiang CF, Huang CL, Hsieh CH. Cilostazol inhibits uremic toxin–induced vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction: role of Axl signaling. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 312:F398-F406. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00258.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality, and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysfunction plays a pivotal role in uremic atherosclerosis. Axl signaling is involved in vascular injury and is highly expressed in VSMCs. Recent reports have shown that cilostazol, a phosphodiesterase type 3 inhibitor (PDE3), can regulate various stages of the atherosclerotic process. However, the role of cilostazol in uremic vasculopathy remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the effect of cilostazol in VSMCs in the experimental CKD and to investigate whether the regulatory mechanism occurs through Axl signaling. We investigated the effect of P-cresol and cilostazol on Axl signaling in A7r5 rat VSMCs and the rat and human CKD models. From the in vivo CKD rats and patients, aortic tissue exhibited significantly decreased Axl expression after cilostazol treatment. P-cresol increased Axl, proliferating of cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expressions, decreased caspase-3 expression, and was accompanied by increased cell viability and migration. Cilostazol significantly reversed P-cresol-induced Axl, downstream gene expressions, and cell functions. Along with the increased Axl expression, P-cresol activated PLCγ, Akt, and ERK phosphorylation and cilostazol significantly suppressed the effect of P-cresol. Axl knockdown significantly reversed the expressions of P-cresol-induced Axl-related gene expression and cell functions. Cilostazol with Axl knockdown have additive changes in downstream gene expression and cell functions in P-cresol culture. Both in vitro and in vivo experimental CKD models elucidate a new signal transduction of cilostazol-mediated protection against uremic toxin-related VSMCs dysfunction and highlight the involvement of the Axl signaling and downstream pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsing Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Hung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shing Shieh
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Yen Chien
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Juei Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; and
| | - Chih-Yuan Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fu Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Luen Huang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hsun Hsieh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ye LH, Kong LT, Yan MZ, Cao FR, Wang LS, Liao YH, Pan RL, Chang Q. Lotus leaf alkaloid fraction can strongly inhibit CYP2D6 isoenzyme activity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:913-917. [PMID: 27771456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Chinese herbal medicine He-Ye, the leaves of the lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) plant, is traditionally used in China for the treatment of sunstroke, thirst, diarrhea, and fever. Currently, the leaf is used not only as an herbal tea to reduce lipid level and control body weight, but also as a major ingredient in some lipid-lowering Chinese patented medicines. Our previous study demonstrated that the alkaloid fraction (AF) of the herb has a strong inhibitory effect on CYP2D6 isoenzyme activity in vitro. The present study aims to further verify this activity using the in vivo rat model and to explore the inhibitory mechanism on CYP2D6 using human liver microsomes (HLMs). MATERIALS AND METHODS After a continuous 7-d oral dose of AF (50mg/kg) or a vehicle, Sprague Dawley rats received a single intravenous dose of dextromethorphan or metoprolol. Blood samples were collected at various time points, and the plasma concentrations of the relevant metabolites dextrorphan and hydroxymetoprolol were assayed by LC-MS/MS for evaluating the effect of AF on their pharmacokinetics and CYP2D6 activity. Dextromethorphan as a probe at different concentrations was incubated with HLMs in an incubation buffer system, in the presence or absence of AF at different concentrations. After incubation, the produced metabolite was assayed. RESULTS After being pretreated with AF in rats, the plasma concentrations of dextrorphan and hydroxymetoprolol significantly decreased, with Cmax going from 79.44 to 29.96 and 151.18 to 83.39hng/mL (P<0.05), AUCall from 167.27 to 62.25 and 347.68 to 223.24hng/mL (P<0.05), and AUCinf from 183.39 to 84.76 and 350.59 to 234.57hng/mL (P<0.05), respectively, in comparison with those of untreated rats. The t1/2 of hydroxymetoprolol significantly increased from 1.14 to 1.99h (P<0.05). The in vitro incubation test showed that AF competitively inhibited the CYP2D6, with apparent Ki value of 0.64µg/mL. CONCLUSIONS AF can strongly inhibit the activity of CYP2D6 enzyme, as confirmed by in vivo and in vitro models. Possible drug interactions may occur between AF and other medications metabolized by CYP2D6. Thus, caution should be paid when the lotus leaf and its preparations are concurrently administered with conventional medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Hu Ye
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Bijie, Bijie 551700, China.
| | - Ling-Ti Kong
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ming-Zhu Yan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Fang-Rui Cao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Li-Sha Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yong-Hong Liao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Rui-Le Pan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Qi Chang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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Sharma BR, Gautam LNS, Adhikari D, Karki R. A Comprehensive Review on Chemical Profiling ofNelumbo Nucifera: Potential for Drug Development. Phytother Res 2016; 31:3-26. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhesh Raj Sharma
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, College of Natural Sciences; Mokpo National University; 61 Muan-gun Jeonnam 534-729 Korea
| | - Lekh Nath S. Gautam
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry; West Virginia University; Morgantown WV 26506 USA
| | | | - Rajendra Karki
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, College of Natural Sciences; Mokpo National University; 61 Muan-gun Jeonnam 534-729 Korea
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32
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Chang CH, Ou TT, Yang MY, Huang CC, Wang CJ. Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn leaves extract inhibits the angiogenesis and metastasis of breast cancer cells by downregulation connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) mediated PI3K/AKT/ERK signaling. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 188:111-122. [PMID: 27178635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn (Nymphaeaceae) has been recognized as a medicinal plant, which was distributed throughout the Asia. The aqueous extract of Nelumbo nucifera leaves extract (NLE) has various biologically active components such as polyphenols, flavonoids, oligomeric procyanidines. However, the role of NLE in breast cancer therapy is poorly understood. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY The purpose of this study was to identify the hypothesis that NLE can suppress tumor angiogenesis and metastasis through CTGF (connective tissue growth factor), which has been implicated in tumor angiogenesis and progression in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. RESULTS We examined the effects of NLE on angiogenesis in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. The data showed that NLE could reduce the chorionic plexus at day 17 in CAM and the duration of this inhibition was dose-dependent. In Xenograft model, NLE treatment significantly reduced tumor weight and CD31 (capillary density) over control, respectively. We examined the role of angiogenesis involved restructuring of endothelium using human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) in Matrigel angiogenesis model. The results indicated that vascular-like structure formation was further blocked by NLE treatment. Moreover, knockdown of CTGF expression markedly reduced the expression of MMP2 as well as VEGF, and attenuated PI3K-AKT-ERK activation, indication that these signaling pathways are crucial in mediating CTGF function. CONCLUSION The present results suggest that NLE might be useful for treatment in therapy-resistance triple negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hua Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung-Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section 1, Jiankuo North Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Tsz Ou
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung-Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section 1, Jiankuo North Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Mon-Yuan Yang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung-Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section 1, Jiankuo North Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chou Huang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section 1, Jiankuo North Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, Division of Colon and Rectum, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Jong Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung-Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section 1, Jiankuo North Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
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Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activity of Nelumbo nucifera. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:789124. [PMID: 27057194 PMCID: PMC4710907 DOI: 10.1155/2015/789124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (Nymphaeaceae) is a potential aquatic crop grown and consumed throughout Asia. All parts of N. nucifera have been used for various medicinal purposes in various systems of medicine including folk medicines, Ayurveda, Chinese traditional medicine, and oriental medicine. Many chemical constituents have been isolated till the date. However, the bioactive constituents of lotus are mainly alkaloids and flavonoids. Traditionally, the whole plant of lotus was used as astringent, emollient, and diuretic. It was used in the treatment of diarrhea, tissue inflammation, and homeostasis. The rhizome extract was used as antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory properties due to the presence of asteroidal triterpenoid. Leaves were used as an effective drug for hematemesis, epistaxis, hemoptysis, hematuria, and metrorrhagia. Flowers were used to treat diarrhea, cholera, fever, and hyperdipsia. In traditional medicine practice, seeds are used in the treatment of tissue inflammation, cancer and skin diseases, leprosy, and poison antidote. Embryo of lotus seeds is used in traditional Chinese medicine as Lian Zi Xin, which primarily helps to overcome nervous disorders, insomnia, and cardiovascular diseases (hypertension and arrhythmia). Nutritional value of lotus is as important as pharmaceutical value. These days' different parts of lotus have been consumed as functional foods. Thus, lotus can be regarded as a potential nutraceutical source.
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Yan MZ, Chang Q, Zhong Y, Xiao BX, Feng L, Cao FR, Pan RL, Zhang ZS, Liao YH, Liu XM. Lotus Leaf Alkaloid Extract Displays Sedative-Hypnotic and Anxiolytic Effects through GABAA Receptor. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:9277-9285. [PMID: 26448283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lotus leaves have been used traditionally as both food and herbal medicine in Asia. Open-field, sodium pentobarbital-induced sleeping and light/dark box tests were used to evaluate sedative-hypnotic and anxiolytic effects of the total alkaloids (TA) extracted from the herb, and the neurotransmitter levels in the brain were determined by ultrafast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The effects of picrotoxin, flumazenil, and bicuculline on the hypnotic activity of TA, as well as the influence of TA on Cl(-) influx in cerebellar granule cells, were also investigated. TA showed a sedative-hypnotic effect by increasing the brain level of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and the hypnotic effect could be blocked by picrotoxin and bicuculline, but could not be antagonized by flumazenil. Additionally, TA could increase Cl(-) influx in cerebellar granule cells. TA at 20 mg/kg induced anxiolytic-like effects and significantly increased the concentrations of serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and dopamine (DA). These data demonstrated that TA exerts sedative-hypnotic and anxiolytic effects via binding to the GABAA receptor and activating the monoaminergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhu Yan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Chang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhong
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Xin Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Feng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang-Rui Cao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Rei-Le Pan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Hong Liao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Min Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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Wu PF, Chiu CC, Chen CY, Wang HMD. 7-Hydroxydehydronuciferine induces human melanoma death via triggering autophagy and apoptosis. Exp Dermatol 2015; 24:930-5. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Fang Wu
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Yi Chen
- School of Medical and Health Sciences; Fooyin University; Kaohsiung Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Min David Wang
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan, ROC
- Center for Stem Cell Research; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources; National Sun Yat-Sen University; Kaohsiung Taiwan, ROC
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Chinese Herbal Compounds for the Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis: Experimental Evidence and Mechanisms. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:752610. [PMID: 26089946 PMCID: PMC4451781 DOI: 10.1155/2015/752610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide. Research into the disease has led to many compelling hypotheses regarding the pathophysiology of atherosclerotic lesion formation and the resulting complications such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Herbal medicine has been widely used in China as well as other Asian countries for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases for hundreds of years; however, the mechanisms of action of Chinese herbal medicine in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis have not been well studied. In this review, we briefly describe the mechanisms of atherogenesis and then summarize the research that has been performed in recent years regarding the effectiveness and mechanisms of antiatherogenic Chinese herbal compounds in an attempt to build a bridge between traditional Chinese medicine and cellular and molecular cardiovascular medicine.
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Liu W, Yi DD, Guo JL, Xiang ZX, Deng LF, He L. Nuciferine, extracted from Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn, inhibits tumor-promoting effect of nicotine involving Wnt/β-catenin signaling in non-small cell lung cancer. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 165:83-93. [PMID: 25698245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The leaves of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn are recorded in the earliest written documentation of traditional Chinese medicinal as "Ben Cao Gang Mu", a medicinal herb for blood clotting, dysentery and dizziness. Recently, nuciferine (NF), one of N. nucifera Gaertn leaf extracts has been shown to possess several pharmacological properties, including anti-viral and anti-cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism of the anti-cancer activity of NF in NSCLC progression induced by nicotine MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of NF on proliferation of A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line) pretreated with or without nicotine was detected by tumor cell proliferation assay. TOP-Flash reporter assay was applied to investigate the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in tumor cells in the presence of NF and/or nicotine. Apoptosis was measured using a FITC-Annexin V and PI detection kit by flow cytometry. In addition, mRNA or protein expression levels were respectively tested by quantitative RT-PCR or western blot. In vivo experiments, tumor samples were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin for additional analyses by immunohistochemistry and TUNEL staining. RESULTS NF significantly inhibited the proliferation of NSCLC cells in the presence of nicotine, suppressed the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, enhanced the stabilization of Axin, and induced apoptosis. NF down-regulated the expression levels of β-catenin and its downstream targets including c-myc, cyclin D and VEGF-A. NF also decreased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, which may explain the pro-apoptosis effect of NF. In tumor xenograft nude mice, NF not only inhibited the growth of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, but also remarkably alleviated the injury induced by nicotine in liver function. CONCLUSIONS NF has the remarkable effect to inhibit nicotine-induced NSCLC progression, which was due to its ability to reduce the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Thus, the work stated here emphasizes the importance of this traditional medicine and presents a potential novel alternative to NSCLC prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Public Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dan-Dan Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jian-Li Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhu-Xing Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lin-Feng Deng
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 JieFang Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 JieFang Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Wang X, Cheang WS, Yang H, Xiao L, Lai B, Zhang M, Ni J, Luo Z, Zhang Z, Huang Y, Wang N. Nuciferine relaxes rat mesenteric arteries through endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:5609-18. [PMID: 25409881 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Nuciferine, a constituent of lotus leaf, is an aromatic ring-containing alkaloid, with antioxidative properties. We hypothesize nuciferine might affect vascular reactivity. This study aimed at determining the effects of nuciferine on vasomotor tone and the underlying mechanism EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Nuciferine-induced relaxations in rings of rat main mesenteric arteries were measured by wire myographs. Endothelial NOS (eNOS) was determined by immunoblotting. Intracellular NO production in HUVECs and Ca(2+) level in both HUVECs and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from rat mesenteric arteries were assessed by fluorescence imaging. KEY RESULTS Nuciferine induced relaxations in arterial segments pre-contracted by KCl or phenylephrine. Nuciferine-elicited arterial relaxations were reduced by removal of endothelium or by pretreatment with the eNOS inhibitor L-NAME or the NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ. In HUVECs, the phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser(1177) and increase in cytosolic NO level induced by nuciferine were mediated by extracellular Ca(2+) influx. Under endothelium-free conditions, nuciferine attenuated CaCl2-induced contraction in Ca(2+)-free depolarizing medium. In the absence of extracellular calcium, nuciferine relieved the vasoconstriction induced by phenylephrine and the addition of CaCl2. Nuciferine also suppressed Ca(2+) influx in Ca(2+)-free K(+)-containing solution in VSMCs. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Nuciferine has a vasorelaxant effect via both endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms. These results suggest that nuciferine may have a therapeutic effect on vascular diseases associated with aberrant vasoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wai San Cheang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haixia Yang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Baochang Lai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meiqian Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiahua Ni
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenyu Luo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zihui Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nanping Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Zheng L, Cao Y, Liu S, Peng Z, Zhang S. Neferine inhibits angiotensin II-induced rat aortic smooth muscle cell proliferation predominantly by downregulating fractalkine gene expression. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:1545-1550. [PMID: 25289057 PMCID: PMC4186444 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neferine inhibits the angiotensin II (AngII)-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), but the underlying mechanism is unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism underlying the effect of neferine on the proliferation of vascular SMCs. Rat aortic SMCs (RASMCs) were used and fractalkine (Fkn) gene expression was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. The proliferation of RASMCs was analyzed by MTT assay and flow cytometry. It was revealed that AngII induced Fkn expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Fkn-knockdown with small interfering RNA attenuated the AngII-induced RASMC proliferation. Furthermore, neferine inhibited Fkn expression and attenuated the AngII-induced RASMC proliferation. These findings suggest that the Fkn gene may play an important role in AngII-induced RASMC proliferation and that neferine acts to attenuate AngII-induced RASMC proliferation by inhibiting Fkn expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yongwen Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Shao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyu Peng
- Department of Emergency, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Saidan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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Pellegrini M, Bulzomi P, Lecis M, Leone S, Campesi I, Franconi F, Marino M. Endocrine disruptors differently influence estrogen receptor β and androgen receptor in male and female rat VSMC. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:1061-8. [PMID: 24347325 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sex steroid hormones differently control the major physiological processes in male and female organisms. In particular, their effects on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) migration are at the root of sex/gender-related differences reported in the cardiovascular system. Several exogenous substances, defined endocrine disruptor chemicals (EDCs), could interfere with these androgen and estrogen effects; however, the sex/gender-related susceptibility of VSMC motility to EDCs is completely unknown. Here, the effect of naturally occurring (naringenin, Nar) and synthetic (bisphenol A, BPA) EDCs on male and female VSMC motility has been evaluated. 17β-estradiol (E2, 0.1 nM-1 µM) induced a dose-dependent inhibition of motility in female-derived VSMC. In contrast, neither dihydrotestosterone (DHT, 0.01-100 nM) nor the common precursor of sex steroid hormones, testosterone (Tes, 0.01-100 nM) modified male-derived VSMC motility. Estrogen receptor (ER) β subtype-dependent activation of p38 was necessary for the E2 effect on cell motility. High BPA concentration prevented E2 effects in female-derived cells being without any effect in male-derived cells. Nar mimicked E2 effects on female-derived cells even in the presence of E2 or BPA. Intriguingly, Nar also inhibited the male-derived VSMC mobility. This latter effect was prevented by ERβ inhibitor, but not by the androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor. As a whole, ERβ-dependent signals in VSMC results more susceptible to the impact of EDCs than AR signals suggesting a possible high and overall susceptibility of female to EDCs. However, several male-derived cells, including VSMC, express ERβ, which could also serve as target of EDC disruption in male organisms.
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Flavonoid rich extract of Murraya Koenigii alleviates in-vitro LDL oxidation and oxidized LDL induced apoptosis in raw 264.7 Murine macrophage cells. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2014; 52:3367-75. [PMID: 26028717 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1399-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Several lines of evidences have established a lineage between Oxidised LDL (Ox-LDL) to apoptosis of macrophages in which the high level of intracellular cholesterol play a crucial role. This study assesses the potency of Murraya koenigii (MK) leaf extract in alleviating LDL oxidation and Ox-LDL induced lipotoxicity in murine macrophage (RAW 264.7) cells. Results indicated that presence of MK extract prevented oxidation of LDL as evidenced by its oxidation kinetics and formation of LDL oxidation products. Also, MK extract accounted for improvement in cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential of Ox-LDL treated cells. The Ox-LDL induced increment in intracellular oxidative stress, nuclear condensation and apoptosis was effectively prevented by MK extract possibly due to their established anti-oxidant and free radical scavenging potentials which may be attributed to the presence of flavonoids present in the extract. Prevention of oxidative modification of LDL, free radical induced damage and Ox-LDL induced death of RAW 264.7 cells provide preliminary evidences of its anti-atherosclerotic potential and warrants further elucidation and validation for its use in-vivo and may be useful as a functional food supplement and an alternative medicine to prevent LDL oxidation and oxidized LDL induced toxicity.
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Liu F, Zhu R, Lin X, Geng Y, Wang X, Huang L. Cloud Point Extraction and Pre-Concentration of Four Alkaloids inNelumbo nuciferaLeaves by Ultrahigh Pressure-Assisted Extraction. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2013.872147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ye LH, He XX, Kong LT, Liao YH, Pan RL, Xiao BX, Liu XM, Chang Q. Identification and characterization of potent CYP2D6 inhibitors in lotus leaves. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 153:190-196. [PMID: 24561383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The herb of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) leaves is a commonly used traditional Chinese herbal medicine that is utilized for the treatment of sunstroke, to assuage thirst, and to cure both diarrhea and fever in China. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that the herb exhibits various pharmacological effects, such as anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-obesity, anti-oxidant, anti-HIV, anti-microbial, and anti-hypoglycemic activities. Currently, the herb is becoming more popular in China as a "tea drink" or as a main ingredient of some herbal formulations, which implies that the herb and/or its products are now more likely to be concurrently administered with conventional medicines for losing body weight and reducing blood lipids. However, its potential inhibitory effect on human cytochrome P450 (CYP) has not been systemically investigated to date. The present study was performed to assess the potential inhibitory effects of lotus leaf alcoholic extract (LAE), its major fractions, and its main compounds on five CYP isoenzymes (CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4) in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS Five probe substrates were incubated with human liver microsomes in the presence or absence of the LAE, the alkaloid fraction (AF), the flavonoid fraction (FF), or the individual aporphine alkaloids, namely, nuciferine (NF), N-nornuciferine (N-NF), and 2-hydroxy-1-methoxyaporphine (HMA). After the incubation, the relative metabolites of the substrates were analyzed using LC-MS/MS. RESULTS The results showed that the LAE strongly inhibited CYP2D6 with an IC50 value of 12.05µg/mL and weakly inhibited other isoenzymes. In addition, FF was found to weakly inhibit CYP2D6, whereas AF exerted a markedly higher inhibitory effect on CYP2D6 activity with an IC50 value of 0.96µg/mL. The three aporphine alkaloids isolated from the AF (NF, N-NF, and HMA) significantly inhibited CYP2D6 with IC50 values of 3.78, 3.76, and 3.15µM, respectively. Their Lineweaver-Burk plots and Dixon plots showed that NF, N-NF, and HMA competitively inhibited CYP2D6 activity with Ki values of 1.88, 2.34, and 1.56µM, respectively. CONCLUSION The study revealed that the alkaloid compounds in lotus leaves exert a potent inhibitory effect on CYP2D6 isoenzyme. The possible drug interactions of the leaves and their preparations with conventional medicines should thus be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Hu Ye
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiao-Xi He
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ling-Ti Kong
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yong-Hong Liao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rui-Le Pan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bing-Xin Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xin-Min Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qi Chang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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Tang CC, Lin WL, Lee YJ, Tang YC, Wang CJ. Polyphenol-rich extract of Nelumbo nucifera leaves inhibits alcohol-induced steatohepatitis via reducing hepatic lipid accumulation and anti-inflammation in C57BL/6J mice. Food Funct 2014; 5:678-87. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60478k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Ellagic acid inhibits PDGF-BB-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and prevents atheroma formation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:1830-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Nelumbo nucifera leaf extract inhibits neointimal hyperplasia through modulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. Nutrition 2013; 29:268-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cardioprotective effects of a proanthocyanidin-rich fraction from Croton celtidifolius Baill: focus on atherosclerosis. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3769-75. [PMID: 22884763 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins are the most abundant polyphenols in human diets. Epidemiological studies have pointed to proanthocyanidins as promising molecules that could prevent the development of several coronary syndromes by inhibiting the atherogenic process. The present study was designed to investigate the antiatherogenic effects of a proanthocyanidin-rich fraction (PRF) obtained from Croton celtidifolius Baill (Euphorbiaceae) barks. In isolated human LDL, PRF caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of Cu2+-induced oxidative modifications, evidenced by the increasing of the lag phase of lipid peroxidation and decreasing in the oxidation rate (Vmax), moreover, the protein moieties from LDL were protected against Cu2+-induced oxidation. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), PRF reduced the ROS production stimulated by oxidized LDL. Herein, we demonstrate that oral treatment with PRF improved endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in hypercholesterolemic LDL receptor knockout mice (LDLr-/-), however, the fraction did not modify plasma lipids and atherosclerotic lesion size in this experimental model. Finally, our results showed for the first time that PRF prevent isolated LDL oxidation, decrease oxidative stress in endothelial cells and improve endothelial function in mice.
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Chen S, Wu BH, Fang JB, Liu YL, Zhang HH, Fang LC, Guan L, Li SH. Analysis of flavonoids from lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) leaves using high performance liquid chromatography/photodiode array detector tandem electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and an extraction method optimized by orthogonal design. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1227:145-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Zeng Y, Song JX, Shen XC. Herbal Remedies Supply a Novel Prospect for the Treatment of Atherosclerosis: A Review of Current Mechanism Studies. Phytother Res 2011; 26:159-67. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology; Guiyang Medical University; Guiyang; China
| | - Ju-Xian Song
- School of Chinese Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam; Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiang-Chun Shen
- Department of Pharmacology; Guiyang Medical University; Guiyang; China
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Flavonoid-enriched extracts from Nelumbo nucifera leaves inhibits proliferation of breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Integr Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2011.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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