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Piras A, Porcedda S, Smeriglio A, Trombetta D, Nieddu M, Piras F, Sogos V, Rosa A. Chemical Composition, Nutritional, and Biological Properties of Extracts Obtained with Different Techniques from Aronia melanocarpa Berries. Molecules 2024; 29:2577. [PMID: 38893452 PMCID: PMC11173777 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the chemical composition, nutritional, and biological properties of extracts obtained from A. melanocarpa berries using different extraction methods and solvents. Hydrodistillation and supercritical fluid extraction with CO2 allowed us to isolate fruit essential oil (HDEX) and fixed oil (SFEEX), respectively. A phenol-enriched extract was obtained using a mild ultrasound-assisted maceration with methanol (UAMM). The HDEX most abundant component, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), was italicene epoxide (17.2%), followed by hexadecanoic acid (12.4%), khusinol (10.5%), limonene (9.7%), dodecanoic acid (9.7%), and (E)-anethole (6.1%). Linoleic (348.9 mg/g of extract, 70.5%), oleic (88.9 mg/g, 17.9%), and palmitic (40.8 mg/g, 8.2%) acids, followed by α-linolenic and stearic acids, were the main fatty acids in SFEEX determined using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector and an evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-DAD/ELSD). HPLC-DAD analyses of SFEEX identified β-carotene as the main carotenoid (1.7 mg/g), while HPLC with fluorescence detection (FLU) evidenced α-tocopherol (1.2 mg/g) as the most abundant tocopherol isoform in SFEEX. Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-MS (LC-ESI-MS) analysis of UAMM showed the presence of quercetin-sulfate (15.6%, major component), malvidin 3-O-(6-O-p-coumaroyl) glucoside-4-vinylphenol adduct (pigment B) (9.3%), di-caffeoyl coumaroyl spermidine (7.6%), methyl-epigallocatechin (5.68%), and phloretin (4.1%), while flavonoids (70.5%) and phenolic acids (23.9%) emerged as the most abundant polyphenol classes. UAMM exerted a complete inhibition of the cholesterol oxidative degradation at 140 °C from 75 μg of extract, showing 50% protection at 30.6 μg (IA50). Furthermore, UAMM significantly reduced viability (31-48%) in A375 melanoma cells in the range of 500-2000 μg/mL after 96 h of incubation (MTT assay), with a low toxic effect in normal HaCaT keratinocytes. The results of this research extend the knowledge of the nutritional and biological properties of A. melanocarpa berries, providing useful information on specific extracts for potential food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Piras
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SP 8, Monserrato-Sestu km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy;
| | - Silvia Porcedda
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SP 8, Monserrato-Sestu km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy;
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Enviromental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, SI, Italy; (A.S.); (D.T.)
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Enviromental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, SI, Italy; (A.S.); (D.T.)
| | - Mariella Nieddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, km 4.5, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (M.N.); (V.S.)
| | - Franca Piras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, km 4.5, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (M.N.); (V.S.)
| | - Valeria Sogos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, km 4.5, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (M.N.); (V.S.)
| | - Antonella Rosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, km 4.5, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (M.N.); (V.S.)
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Chemical characterization, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of hydroalcoholic extract from the albedo and flavedo of Citrus limon var. pompia Camarda. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01659-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDue to the high nutritional value as well as the appreciated sensory characteristic Citrus crop is one of the most popular fruits over the world. Albedo and flavedo are commonly discarded as waste and could represent an important by-product of food industry. In a circular economy contest we carried out a characterization of albedo and flavedo of Citrus limon var pompia (pompia) followed by the evaluation of antioxidant potential and cytotoxic activity. The chemical analysis showed the presence of several functional ingredients such as the flavanones, naringin, neohesperidin, nereriocitrin and hesperidin while quinic acid resulted the main phenolic acid detected. The flavedo extract exerted a complete inhibition of the cholesterol oxidative process from 25 μg of extract. Pompia extracts showed an inhibition of lipid oxidation in the β-carotene-linoleate system with an activity equivalent to about 0.31% (albedo) and 0.34% (flavedo) of the BHT activity, while the antiradical activity resulted equivalent to that of 62.90% (albedo) and 60.72% (flavedo) of the trolox activity. Finally, all extracts did not show any cytotoxic effect on differentiated Caco-2 cells by the AlamarBlue assay while exhibited, by MTT assay, a significant decrease in colon cancer Caco-2 cell viability.
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Chiarello E, Di Nunzio M, Picone G, Antonelli G, Capozzi F, Bordoni A. Insight on Glucose and Fructose Absorption and Relevance in the Enterocyte Milieu. Nutrients 2022; 14:517. [PMID: 35276876 PMCID: PMC8839622 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although epidemiological studies indicate a strong correlation between high sugar intake and metabolic diseases, the biological mechanisms underlying this link are still controversial. To further examine the modification and crosstalk occurring in enterocyte metabolism during sugar absorption, in this study we evaluate the diffusion and intestinal metabolism of glucose, fructose and sucrose, which were supplemented in equimolar concentration to Caco-2 cells grown on polyester membrane inserts. At different time points after supplementation, changes in metabolite concentration were evaluated in the apical and basolateral chambers by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas-chromatography (GC). Sucrose was only minimally hydrolyzed by Caco-2 cells. Upon supplementation, we observed a faster uptake of fructose than glucose, the pentose sugar being also faster catabolized. Monosaccharide absorption was concomitant to the synthesis/transport of other metabolites, which occurred differently in glucose and fructose supplemented cells. Our results confirm the prominent role of intestinal cells in fructose metabolism and clearance after absorption, representing a further step forward in the understanding of the role of dietary sugars. Future research, including targeted analysis on specific transporters/enzymes and the use of labeled substrates, will be helpful to confirm the present results and their interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Chiarello
- Department of Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (E.C.); (G.P.); (G.A.); (F.C.)
| | - Mattia Di Nunzio
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (Defens), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Gianfranco Picone
- Department of Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (E.C.); (G.P.); (G.A.); (F.C.)
| | - Giorgia Antonelli
- Department of Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (E.C.); (G.P.); (G.A.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Capozzi
- Department of Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (E.C.); (G.P.); (G.A.); (F.C.)
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agri-Food Research (CIRI), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bordoni
- Department of Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (E.C.); (G.P.); (G.A.); (F.C.)
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agri-Food Research (CIRI), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
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Piras A, Piras C, Porcedda S, Rosa A. Comparative evaluation of the composition of vegetable essential and fixed oils obtained by supercritical extraction and conventional techniques: a chemometric approach. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Piras
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences University of Cagliari Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, km 4.5 Monserrato, Cagliari 09042 Italy
| | - Cristina Piras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Cagliari Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, Km 4.5 Monserrato, Cagliari 09042 Italy
| | - Silvia Porcedda
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences University of Cagliari Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, km 4.5 Monserrato, Cagliari 09042 Italy
| | - Antonella Rosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Cagliari Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, Km 4.5 Monserrato, Cagliari 09042 Italy
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Ben Attia I, Zucca P, Cesare Marincola F, Nieddu M, Piras A, Rosa A, Rescigno A, Chaieb M. Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities on Cancer Cell Line of Extracts of Parasitic Plants Harvested in Tunisia. POL J FOOD NUTR SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.31883/pjfns/122040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Leonti M, Bellot S, Zucca P, Rescigno A. Astringent drugs for bleedings and diarrhoea: The history of Cynomorium coccineum (Maltese Mushroom). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 249:112368. [PMID: 31678417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The botanical identity of the ancient vernacular cynomorium does not correspond to the modern scientific genus while it is not clear how many species of hipocistis (Cytinus sp.) were differentiated by the ancient physicians and whether Cynomorium coccineum was subsumed. The early history of therapeutic uses related to the herbal drugs derived from these parasitic taxa is therefore not easily accessible. Cynomorium coccineum became an important pharmaceutical commodity after the Siege of Malta but its importance decreased in the 18th century and now is considered obsolete. MATERIAL AND METHODS We compare the morphological, ecological and therapeutic information of Cynomorium and other parasitizing plant taxa across the past 2000 years and contextualize their uses with the pharmacological properties of their principal metabolites focusing on the raise and fall of C. coccineum as a medicine. RESULTS The therapeutic uses of C. coccineum, the Maltese mushroom, seem to become clearly traceable since the Canon of Medicine by Avicenna. Styptic and astringent drugs such as Cynomorium, Cytinus but also gall apples and many others have been selected for their protein-linking capacity leading to the formation of a protective layer on the mucous membranes, which can be used to reduce the secretion of water and electrolytes in case of diarrhoea, dysentery and external bleedings. Whether C. coccineum is effective as a systemically applied anti-haemorrhagic drug is questionable. CONCLUSION It appears that the vernacular cynomorium of the ancients corresponds to an edible Orobanche sp. while it remains doubtful whether the vernacular hipocistis was next to Cytinus sp. also applied to C. coccineum as evidence of C. coccineum parasitizing Cistus sp. is scarce. The isolation of gallic acid used as a styptic and the increasing availability of chemical styptics in the 18th century together with the availability of effective alternative anti-diarrhoeic drugs with a more reliable supply very probably led to the decline of the importance of the Maltese mushroom in pharmacy during the 18th century. The effectiveness of gallic acid as a systemic anti-haemorrhagic remains uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Leonti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sidonie Bellot
- Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, TW9 3DS, Richmond, UK
| | - Paolo Zucca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Antonio Rescigno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
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Li X, Sdiri M, Peng J, Xie Y, Yang BB. Identification and characterization of chemical components in the bioactive fractions of Cynomorium coccineum that possess anticancer activity. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:61-73. [PMID: 31892846 PMCID: PMC6930376 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.38475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cynomorium coccineum has long been used as the health and medicinal plant known to induce cancer cell death. However, the bioactive compounds of C. coccineum and the underlying mechanism of their regulator in cell autophagy and cell apoptosis remain unexplored. In our previous study, we found that the ethanol extract had antitumor activity through inducing cancer cell death. In this study, by detecting the anti-tumor effect of sequence extracts from Cynomorium coccineum, the active constituents were collected in solvent ethyl acetate. A strategy based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap/MS) was first utilized to analyze the chemical constituents of active fraction (ethyl acetate fraction, CS3). A total of 29 compounds including 8 triterpenoids, 6 flavonoids, 4 fatty acids, 8 phenolic acids, 1 anthraquinones, 1 nucleoside and 1 sterol were detected and identified or tentatively identified for the first time in Cynomorium coccineum. We found that CS3 induces cancer cell death accompanied with a great number of vacuoles in the cytoplasm. CS3-induced autophagosome formation was found and confirmed by electron microscopy and the high expression levels of microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain 3-II (LC3II), a marker protein of autophagy. We additionally demonstrated that CS3 activated and increased the pro-apoptotic mitochondrial proteins, BNIP3 and BNIP3L, in mRNA and protein levels. The constituents of CS3 down-regulated anti-apoptotic BCL2, and then releases autophagic protein Beclin-1. These finding for the first time systematically not only explore and identify the active constituents of CS3 in Cynomorium coccineum, but also examined the mechanism associated with CS3-induced cell death via cell autophagy. This active component may serve as a potential source to obtain new autophagy inducer and anti-cancer compounds for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, M4N3M5, Canada
| | - Mouna Sdiri
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, M4N3M5, Canada
| | - Juanjuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Yizhen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
- Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Burton B Yang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, M4N3M5, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M4N3M5, Canada
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Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Rich. seed oil: Chemical composition and antiproliferative effect on human colonic adenocarcinoma and fibrosarcoma cancer cell lines. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Vascellari S, Zucca P, Perra D, Serra A, Piras A, Rescigno A. Antiproliferative and antiviral activity of methanolic extracts from Sardinian Maltese Mushroom ( Cynomorium coccineum L.). Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:2967-2971. [PMID: 31621410 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1678613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cynomorium coccineum is a non-photosynthetic plant that grows in Mediterranean countries and that is amply used in the traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to extend previous studies on the chemical and biological properties of C. coccineum, evaluating the potential antiviral and antiproliferative activity of the methanolic extract. The MTT assay was used for the in vitro cytotoxic studies against human cancer-derived cell lines, while both MTT and plaque reduction (PRT) methods were used to evaluate the potential inhibitory effect of the extract against a panel of mammal viruses. The results obtained showed no selective activity against any DNA and RNA virus but revealed an interesting antiproliferative activity against human leukaemia-derived cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Vascellari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Section of Microbiology and Virology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Zucca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Daniela Perra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Section of Microbiology and Virology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Section of Microbiology and Virology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Piras
- Department of Chemistry and Geology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Rescigno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Zucca P, Bellot S, Rescigno A. The Modern Use of an Ancient Plant: Exploring the Antioxidant and Nutraceutical Potential of the Maltese Mushroom ( Cynomorium Coccineum L.). Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080289. [PMID: 31394783 PMCID: PMC6719927 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the continuous scientific search for new safe and effective drugs, there has recently been a rediscovery of natural substances as a potential reservoir of innovative therapeutic solutions for human health, with the prospect of integrating with and sometimes replacing conventional drugs. Cynomorium coccineum subsp. coccineum is a holoparasitic plant well known in ethnopharmacology, although its current use as a curative remedy is reported only in some ethnic groups of North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Often known as ‘Maltese mushroom’ due to its unique appearance and the absence of chlorophyll, C. coccineum is present in almost all of the Mediterranean Basin. It is only recently that a few research groups have begun to look for confirmation of some of its traditional uses to highlight previously unknown biological activities. Here, we review the recent scientific findings on the plant’s phytochemistry and the most significant descriptions of some of its antioxidant and biological activities (antimicrobial, anticancer, pro-erectile, and anti-tyrosinase enzyme) both in vivo and in vitro. Some of these may be promising from the perspective of food and cosmetic formulations. The purpose of this review is to provide an initial impetus to those who, in the foreseeable future, will want to increase the knowledge and possible applications of this plant full of history, charm, and mystery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Zucca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Sidonie Bellot
- Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond TW9 3DS, UK
| | - Antonio Rescigno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy.
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Rosa A, Caprioglio D, Isola R, Nieddu M, Appendino G, Falchi AM. Dietary zerumbone from shampoo ginger: new insights into its antioxidant and anticancer activity. Food Funct 2019; 10:1629-1642. [PMID: 30834410 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02395f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The dietary sesquiterpene dienone zerumbone (ZER) selectively targets cancer cells, inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis, and protects non-cancerous cells towards oxidative stress and insult. This study examines the in vitro effects of ZER on lipid peroxidation in biological systems (cholesterol and phospholipid membrane oxidation) and explores its antitumor action in terms of its ability to modulate cancer cell lipid profile. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of ZER showed that this compound is unable to trap lipoperoxyl radicals per se. ZER significantly modulated the total lipid and fatty acid profiles in cancer cells, inducing marked changes in the phospholipid/cholesterol ratio, with significant decreases in the levels of oleic and palmitic acids and a marked increase of stearic acid. Cell-based fluorescent measurements of intracellular membranes and lipid droplets using the Nile Red staining technique showed that in cancer cells, ZER induced significant accumulation of cytosolic lipid droplets and altered cell membrane organization/protein dynamics, depolarizing the mitochondrial membranes and inducing apoptosis and alteration of nuclear morphology. The modulatory activity of ZER on the total lipid and fatty acid profiles and lipid droplets may therefore represent another possible mechanism of its anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Km 4.5 SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy.
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Rosa A, Era B, Masala C, Nieddu M, Scano P, Fais A, Porcedda S, Piras A. Supercritical CO
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Extraction of Waste Citrus Seeds: Chemical Composition, Nutritional and Biological Properties of Edible Fixed Oils. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201800502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Rosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella UniversitariaSS 554, km 4.509042 Monserrato, CagliariItaly
| | - Benedetta Era
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari09123 CagliariItaly
| | - Carla Masala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella UniversitariaSS 554, km 4.509042 Monserrato, CagliariItaly
| | - Mariella Nieddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella UniversitariaSS 554, km 4.509042 Monserrato, CagliariItaly
| | - Paola Scano
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella UniversitariaSS 554, km 4.509042 Monserrato, CagliariItaly
| | - Antonella Fais
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari09123 CagliariItaly
| | - Silvia Porcedda
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella UniversitariaSS 554, km 4.509042 Monserrato, CagliariItaly
| | - Alessandra Piras
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella UniversitariaSS 554, km 4.509042 Monserrato, CagliariItaly
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Anticancer Activity of Cynomorium coccineum. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10100354. [PMID: 30261584 PMCID: PMC6210173 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10100354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The extensive applications of Cynomorium species and their rich bioactive secondary metabolites have inspired many pharmacological investigations. Previous research has been conducted to examine the biological activities and numerous interesting pharmaceutical activities have been reported. However, the antitumor activities of these species are unclear. To understand the potential anticancer activity, we screened Cynomorium coccineum and Cynomorium songaricum using three different extracts of each species. In this study, the selected extracts were evaluated for their ability to decrease survival rates of five different cancer cell lines. We compared the cytotoxicity of the three different extracts to the anticancer drug vinblastine and one of the most well-known medicinal mushrooms Amaurederma rude. We found that the water and alcohol extracts of C. coccineum at the very low concentrations possessed very high capacity in decreasing the cancer cells viability with a potential inhibition of tumorigenesis. Based on these primitive data, we subsequently tested the ethanol and the water extracts of C. coccineum, respectively in in vitro and in vivo assays. Cell cycle progression and induction of programmed cell death were investigated at both biological and molecular levels to understand the mechanism of the antitumor inhibitory action of the C. coccineum. The in vitro experiments showed that the treated cancer cells formed fewer and smaller colonies than the untreated cells. Cell cycle progression was inhibited, and the ethanol extract of C.coccineum at a low concentration induced accumulation of cells in the G1 phase. We also found that the C. coccineum’s extracts suppressed viability of two murine cancer cell lines. In the in vivo experiments, we injected mice with murine cancer cell line B16, followed by peritoneal injection of the water extract. The treatment prolonged mouse survival significantly. The tumors grew at a slower rate than the control. Down-regulation of c-myc expression appeared to be associated with these effects. Further investigation showed that treatment with C.coccineum induced the overexpression of the tumor suppressor Foxo3 and other molecules involved in inducing autophagy. These results showed that the C. coccineum extract exerts its antiproliferative activity through the induction of cell death pathway. Thus, the Cynomorium plants appear to be a promising source of new antineoplastic compounds.
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Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Potential Differences between Cynomorium coccineum L. Growing in Italy and in Tunisia: Effect of Environmental Stress. DIVERSITY-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/d10030053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Sarrou E, Giassafaki LP, Masuero D, Perenzoni D, Vizirianakis IS, Irakli M, Chatzopoulou P, Martens S. Metabolomics assisted fingerprint of Hypericum perforatum chemotypes and assessment of their cytotoxic activity. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 114:325-333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Belyagoubi-Benhammou N, Belyagoubi L, El Zerey-Belaskri A, Zitouni A, Ghembaza N, Benhassaini H, Atik-Bekkara F, Piras A, Falconieri D, Rosa A. Fatty acid composition and antioxidant activity of Pistacia lentiscus L. fruit fatty oil from Algeria. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-018-9755-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Babassu Oil and Development of a Microemulsion System for Topical Delivery. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:3647801. [PMID: 29430254 PMCID: PMC5753019 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3647801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Babassu oil extraction is the main income source in nut breakers communities in northeast of Brazil. Among these communities, babassu oil is used for cooking but also medically to treat skin wounds and inflammation, and vulvovaginitis. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of babassu oil and develop a microemulsion system with babassu oil for topical delivery. Topical anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in mice ear edema using PMA, arachidonic acid, ethyl phenylpropiolate, phenol, and capsaicin as phlogistic agents. A microemulsion system was successfully developed using a Span® 80/Kolliphor® EL ratio of 6 : 4 as the surfactant system (S), propylene glycol and water (3 : 1) as the aqueous phase (A), and babassu oil as the oil phase (O), and analyzed through conductivity, SAXS, DSC, TEM, and rheological assays. Babassu oil and lauric acid showed anti-inflammatory activity in mice ear edema, through inhibition of eicosanoid pathway and bioactive amines. The developed formulation (39% A, 12.2% O, and 48.8% S) was classified as a bicontinuous to o/w transition microemulsion that showed a Newtonian profile. The topical anti-inflammatory activity of microemulsified babassu oil was markedly increased. A new delivery system of babassu microemulsion droplet clusters was designed to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of vegetable oil.
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Drira N, Dhouibi N, Hammami S, Piras A, Rosa A, Porcedda S, Dhaouadi H. Fatty acids from high rate algal pond's microalgal biomass and osmotic stress effects. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 244:860-864. [PMID: 28841791 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The extraction of oil from a wild microalgae biomass collected from a domestic wastewater treatment facility's high rate algal pond (HRAP) was investigated. An experiment plan was used to determine the most efficient extraction method, the optimal temperature, time and solvent system based on total lipids yield. Microwave-assisted extraction was the most efficient method whether in n-hexane or in a mixture of chloroform/methanol compared to Soxhlet, homogenization, and ultrasounds assisted extractions. This same wild biomass was cultivated in a photobioreactor (PBR) and the effect of osmotic stress was studied. The lipids extraction yield after 3days of stress increased by more than four folds without any significant loss of biomass, however, the quality of extracted total lipids in terms of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids was not affected by salinity change in the culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neila Drira
- Université de Monastir, Faculté des Sciences, Département de Chimie, UR Chimie Appliquée et Environnement, Bvd de l'Environnement, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Nedra Dhouibi
- Université de Monastir, Faculté des Sciences, Département de Chimie, UR Chimie Appliquée et Environnement, Bvd de l'Environnement, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Saoussen Hammami
- Université de Monastir, Faculté des Sciences, Département de Chimie, UR Chimie Appliquée et Environnement, Bvd de l'Environnement, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Alessandra Piras
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SP 8 Monserrato - Sestu km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Antonella Rosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SP 8 Monserrato - Sestu km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Silvia Porcedda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SP 8 Monserrato - Sestu km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Hatem Dhaouadi
- Université de Monastir, Faculté des Sciences, Département de Chimie, UR Chimie Appliquée et Environnement, Bvd de l'Environnement, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia.
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Orrù G, Demontis C, Mameli A, Tuveri E, Coni P, Pichiri G, Coghe F, Rosa A, Rossi P, D'hallewin G. The Selective Interaction of Pistacia lentiscus Oil vs. Human Streptococci, an Old Functional Food Revisited with New Tools. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2067. [PMID: 29114245 PMCID: PMC5660700 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pistacia lentiscus berry oil (LBO) represents a typical vegetal product of the Mediterranean basin that has been formally used in traditional cuisine for 100s of years. In addition to its interesting alimentary properties, this product could represent an interesting candidate in the field of research on the study of new anti-infective agents. In fact, in Mediterranean countries, lentisk oil still continues to be widely used in folk medicine for oral and skin affections, in particular, acute gingivitis, pediatric skin infections such as impetigo and foot plaques, and biofilm related infections often associated with Streptococcus spp. Following these observations, we have hypothesized a “lentisk oil-bacteria” interaction, placing particular emphasis on the different Streptococcal species involved in these oral and skin diseases. In accordance with this hypothesis, the use of standard antimicrobial-antibiofilm methods (MIC, MBC, MBIC) allowed the interesting behavior of these bacteria to be observed and, in this context, the response to lentisk oil appears to be correlated with the pathogenic profile of the considered microorganism. Two probiotic strains of S. salivarius K12/M18 appeared to be non-sensitive to this product, while a set of five different pathogenic strains (S. agalactiae, S. intermedius, S. mitis, S. mutans, S. pyogenes) showed a response that was correlated to the fatty acid metabolic pathway of the considered species. In fact, at different times of bacteria development, selective High Performance Liquid Chromatography analysis of the growth medium containing LBO detected a significant increase in free unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) in particular oleic, palmitic and linoleic acids, which are already known for their antibacterial activity. In this context, we have hypothesized that LBO could be able to modulate the pathogen/probiotic rate in a Streptococcal population using the fatty acid metabolic pathway to help the probiotic strain. This hypothesis was strengthened by performing antibacterial testing with oleic acid and an in silico evaluation of the Streptococcal MCRA protein, an enzyme involved in the production of saturated fatty acids from UFA. These results show that LBO may have been used in ancient times as a “natural microbial modulating extract” in the prevention of biofilm- associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germano Orrù
- Molecular Biology Service, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cristina Demontis
- Molecular Biology Service, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonello Mameli
- Molecular Biology Service, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Enrica Tuveri
- Molecular Biology Service, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Coni
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Pichiri
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Coghe
- University Hospital Laboratory Services, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonella Rosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paola Rossi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Rosa A, Maxia A, Putzu D, Atzeri A, Era B, Fais A, Sanna C, Piras A. Chemical composition of Lycium europaeum fruit oil obtained by supercritical CO 2 extraction and evaluation of its antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity and cell absorption. Food Chem 2017; 230:82-90. [PMID: 28407975 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We studied the total phenols and flavonoids, liposoluble antioxidants, fatty acid and triacylglycerol profiles, and oxidative status of oil obtained from Lycium europaeum fruits following supercritical CO2 extraction (at 30MPa and 40°C). Linoleic (52%), palmitic (18%), oleic (13%), and α-linolenic (6%) were the main oil fatty acids, while trilinolein and palmitodilinolein/oleodilinolein represented the main triacylglycerols. The oil was characterized by high levels of all-trans-zeaxanthin and all-trans-β-carotene (755 and 332μg/g of oil, respectively), α-tocopherol (308μg/g of oil), total phenols (13.6mg gallic acid equivalents/g of oil), and total flavonoids (6.8mg quercetin equivalents/g of oil). The oil showed radical scavenging activities (ABTS and DPPH assays) and inhibited Caco-2 cell growth. Moreover, the incubation of differentiated Caco-2 cells with a non-toxic oil concentration (100μg/mL) induced a significant intracellular accumulation of essential fatty acids. The results qualify L. europaeum oil as a potential source for food/pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Rosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, Km 4.5, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Andrea Maxia
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Viale Sant'Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Danilo Putzu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, Km 4.5, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Angela Atzeri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, Km 4.5, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Benedetta Era
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, Km 4.5, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Antonella Fais
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, Km 4.5, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Cinzia Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Viale Sant'Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Piras
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, Km 4.5, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
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Kaygusuz O, Kaygusuz M, Dodurga Y, Seçme M, Herken EN, Gezer K. Assessment of the antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the wild edible mushroom Agaricus lanipes (F.H. Møller & Jul. Schäff.) Hlaváček. Cytotechnology 2017; 69:135-144. [PMID: 28058568 PMCID: PMC5264629 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-016-0045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the wild edible mushroom Agaricus lanipes, and also to investigate its cytotoxicity and potential and possible apoptotic effect against the A549 lung cancer cell line in in vitro conditions. Total antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content, total oxidant status, total antioxidant status, lipid hydroperoxides, and total free -SH levels of A. lanipes were found to be 4.55 mg T/g, 14.6 mg GA equivalent/g, 3.10 mg H2O2 equivalent/g, 2.25 mg H2O2 equivalent/g, and 1.90 µmol/g, respectively. The methanolic extract of A. lanipes had relatively strong antimicrobial activity against seven tested microorganism strains. It also had high anti-proliferative potency and strong pro-apoptotic effects, and this mushroom used as a daily nutrient could be a source for new drug developments and treatment in cancer therapies, and could be a guide for studies in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oğuzhan Kaygusuz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Pamukkale University, P.O. BOX 20001, Denizli, Turkey.
| | - Meruyert Kaygusuz
- Denizli Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Dodurga
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Mücahit Seçme
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Emine Nur Herken
- Department of Food Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Kutret Gezer
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Pamukkale University, P.O. BOX 20001, Denizli, Turkey
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Drira N, Piras A, Rosa A, Porcedda S, Dhaouadi H. Microalgae from domestic wastewater facility's high rate algal pond: Lipids extraction, characterization and biodiesel production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 206:239-244. [PMID: 26866759 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the harvesting of a biomass from a high rate algal pond (HRAP) of a real-scale domestic wastewater treatment facility and its potential as a biomaterial for the production of biodiesel were investigated. Increasing the medium pH to 12 induced high flocculation efficiency of up to 96% of the biomass through both sweep flocculation and charge neutralization. Lipids extracted by ultrasounds from this biomass contained around 70% of fatty acids, with palmitic and stearic acids being the most abundant. The extract obtained by supercritical CO2 contained 86% of fatty acids. Both conventional solvents extracts contained only around 10% of unsaturated fats, whereas supercritical CO2 extract contained more than 40% of unsaturated fatty acids. This same biomass was also subject to direct extractive-transesterification in a microwave reactor to produce fatty acid methyl esters, also known as, raw biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neila Drira
- Université de Monastir, Faculté des Sciences, Département de Chimie, UR13ES63-Chimie Appliquée et Environnement, Bvd de l'Environnement, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Alessandra Piras
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SP 8 Monserrato - Sestu km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Antonella Rosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SP 8 Monserrato - Sestu km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Silvia Porcedda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SP 8 Monserrato - Sestu km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Hatem Dhaouadi
- Université de Monastir, Faculté des Sciences, Département de Chimie, UR13ES63-Chimie Appliquée et Environnement, Bvd de l'Environnement, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia.
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Zucca P, Pintus M, Manzo G, Nieddu M, Steri D, Rinaldi AC. Antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase properties of extracts of the Mediterranean parasitic plant Cytinus hypocistis. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:562. [PMID: 26462912 PMCID: PMC4603636 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytinus is an endophytic parasitic plant occurring in South Africa, Madagascar, and in the Mediterranean region. We have extracted the inflorescences (the only visible part of the plant, emerging from the host roots at the time of blossom) of Cytinus hypocistis collected in Sardinia, Italy, and explored the antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, and cytotoxic activities of the extracts. Methods Extracts from C. hypocistis were prepared using increasing polarity solvents: cyclohexane, ethanol, and water. Phenolic composition were determined through spectrophotometric assays, and antioxidant activity with both electron-transfer and hydrogen-atom assays. Nine different bacterial strains, including clinical isolate methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, were used in agar diffusion method. Cytotoxicity was tested using against the B16F10 melanoma cell line. Results While cyclohexane extracts where biologically inactive, ethanolic and aqueous extracts displayed an intriguing activity against several Gram-positive bacterial strains, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and against the Gram-negative Acinetobacter baumanii. Compared to the conventional antibiotics like cloxacillin, ampicillin, and oxytetracycline, C.hypocistis extracts were less active in absolute terms, but displayed a wider spectrum (notably, cloxacillin and ampicillin were inactive against methicillin-resistant S. aureus). The ethanolic extract of C. hypocistis was found to be particularly rich in polyphenols, in most part hydrolysable tannins. The antioxidant activity of extracts, tested with several methodologies, resulted to be particularly high in the case of ethanolic extracts, in accordance with the composition in phenolics. In detail, ethanol extracts presented about a twofold higher activity than the water sample when tested through the oxygen radical absorbance capacity-pyrogallol red (ORAC-PYR) assay. Cytotoxicity analysis against the B16F10 melanoma cell line showed that both extracts have not significant cytotoxic effect, even at the highest dose (1000 µg/mL). Tests showed that ethanolic extracts also had the greatest tyrosinase inhibition activity, indicating that C. hypocistis-derived substances could find application in food formulations as anti-browning agents. Conclusions Overall, these results point to the need of further studies on C. hypocistis extracts, aimed at isolating and fully characterizing its biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Zucca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Complesso Universitario, SP Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy. .,Consorzio UNO, Oristano, Italy.
| | - Manuela Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Complesso Universitario, SP Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Manzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Complesso Universitario, SP Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Mariella Nieddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Complesso Universitario, SP Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Daniela Steri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Complesso Universitario, SP Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Andrea C Rinaldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Complesso Universitario, SP Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
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Wang F, Wang W, Huang Y, Liu Z, Zhang J. Characterization of a novel polysaccharide purified from a herb of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. Food Hydrocoll 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Maltese mushroom (Cynomorium coccineum L.) as source of oil with potential anticancer activity. Nutrients 2015; 7:849-64. [PMID: 25629557 PMCID: PMC4344564 DOI: 10.3390/nu7020849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the potential anticancer properties of fixed oil obtained from Maltese mushroom (Cynomorium coccineum L.), an edible, non-photosynthetic plant, used in traditional medicine of Mediterranean countries to treat various ailments and as an emergency food during the famine. We investigated the effect of the oil, obtained from dried stems by supercritical fractioned extraction with CO2, on B16F10 melanoma and colon cancer Caco-2 cell viability and lipid profile. The oil, rich in essential fatty acids (18:3n-3 and 18:2n-6), showed a significant growth inhibitory effect on melanoma and colon cancer cells. The incubation (24 h) with non-toxic oil concentrations (25 and 50 μg/mL) induced in both cancer cell lines a significant accumulation of the fatty acids 18:3n-3 and 18:2n-6 and an increase of the cellular levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) with anticancer activity. Moreover, the oil exhibited the ability to potentiate the growth inhibitory effect of the antitumor drug 5-fluorouracil in Caco-2 cells and to influence the melanin content in B16F10 cells. The results qualify C. coccineum as a resource of oil, with potential benefits in cancer prevention, for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.
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Gonçalves MJ, Piras A, Porcedda S, Marongiu B, Falconieri D, Cavaleiro C, Rescigno A, Rosa A, Salgueiro L. Antifungal activity of extracts from Cynomorium coccineum growing wild in Sardinia island (Italy). Nat Prod Res 2015; 29:2247-50. [PMID: 25598435 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.1000892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cynomorium coccineum L. is a non-photosynthetic plant, spread over Mediterranean countries, amply used in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate for the first time the antifungal activity of its extracts. The antifungal activity was evaluated using the macrodilution method against Candida spp., Cryptococcus neoformans and dermatophyte strains. The methanolic extract was very active against C. neoformans, Candida guilliermondii and Candida krusei, with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values of 0.025 mg/mL. This extract is more active than fluconazole against C. krusei H9. The influence of methanolic extract on the dimorphic transition in Candida albicans was also studied through the germ tube inhibition assay. More than 60% of filamentation was inhibited at a concentration of 1/4 MIC. These results are preliminary and further studies are needed to an eventual use of C. coccineum methanolic extract in the treatments of candidiasis and cryptococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria José Gonçalves
- a Faculdade de Farmacia/CEF and CNC, Universidade de Coimbra , 3000-548 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Alessandra Piras
- b Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche , Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato , S.S. 554, km 4, 500 09042 Monserrato , Italy
| | - Silvia Porcedda
- b Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche , Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato , S.S. 554, km 4, 500 09042 Monserrato , Italy
| | - Bruno Marongiu
- b Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche , Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato , S.S. 554, km 4, 500 09042 Monserrato , Italy
| | - Danilo Falconieri
- c Istituto Tecnico Industriale Statale "Michele Giua" , Via Montecassino, 09100 Cagliar , Italy
| | - Carlos Cavaleiro
- a Faculdade de Farmacia/CEF and CNC, Universidade de Coimbra , 3000-548 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Antonio Rescigno
- d Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche , Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato , S.S. 554, km 4, 500 09042 Monserrato , Italy
| | - Antonella Rosa
- d Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche , Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato , S.S. 554, km 4, 500 09042 Monserrato , Italy
| | - Ligia Salgueiro
- a Faculdade de Farmacia/CEF and CNC, Universidade de Coimbra , 3000-548 Coimbra , Portugal
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Falchi AM, Rosa A, Atzeri A, Incani A, Lampis S, Meli V, Caltagirone C, Murgia S. Effects of monoolein-based cubosome formulations on lipid droplets and mitochondria of HeLa cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00078e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of living cells after staining with organelle-specific dyes shows that monoolein-based cubosome treatment induces accumulation of lipid droplets (green) and mitochondrial (red) hyperpolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Maria Falchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Cagliari
- 09042 Monserrato
- Italy
| | - Antonella Rosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Cagliari
- 09042 Monserrato
- Italy
| | - Angela Atzeri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Cagliari
- 09042 Monserrato
- Italy
| | - Alessandra Incani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Cagliari
- 09042 Monserrato
- Italy
| | - Sandrina Lampis
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences
- University of Cagliari
- 09042 Monserrato
- Italy
| | - Valeria Meli
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences
- University of Cagliari
- 09042 Monserrato
- Italy
| | - Claudia Caltagirone
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences
- University of Cagliari
- 09042 Monserrato
- Italy
| | - Sergio Murgia
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences
- University of Cagliari
- 09042 Monserrato
- Italy
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28
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Cui Z, Guo Z, Miao J, Wang Z, Li Q, Chai X, Li M. The genus Cynomorium in China: an ethnopharmacological and phytochemical review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 147:1-15. [PMID: 23369691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Species of the genus Cynomorium (Cynomoriaceae), including C. songaricum Rupr. and C. coccineum L., have a long history of use in traditional medicine to treat various ailments such as impotence, premature ejaculation, kidney-yang deficiency, spermatorrhea, colic, and stomach ulcers. In addition, these species are used in health foods, tea, and cosmetics. AIM OF THE REVIEW The aim of this review is to provide comprehensive information on the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological research, and toxicology of C. songaricum and C. coccineum and to explore the therapeutic potential and future research opportunities of these species. MATERIALS AND METHODS All available information on C. songaricum and C. coccineum was collected via electronic search (using PubMed, ACS, CNKI, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, and Web of Science). RESULTS The ethnomedical uses of C. songaricum and C. coccineum in Saudi Arabia, China, Afghanistan, Mongolia, and Iran for several types of ailments were recorded. A phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, phloroglucinol adducts, saccharides, phenylpropanoids, steroids, organic acids, and other compounds. The crude extracts and pure compounds from C. songaricum and C. coccineum exhibited a wide spectrum of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activity, including anti-fatigue, anti-hypoxia, anti-oxidation, anti-diabetic, immune system modulating, and antiviral activity. CONCLUSIONS Cynomorium species have emerged as a source of traditional medicine. Many studies have provided evidence for the therapeutic efficacy of these species in treating various conditions and possible mechanisms. However, further research is required for the development of new drugs and therapies for the treatment of various diseases, especially cancer and diabetes. Therefore, this review on the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and toxicity of Cynomorium species will provide helpful data for further studies and commercial exploitation of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhu Cui
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
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29
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Zucca P, Rosa A, Tuberoso CIG, Piras A, Rinaldi AC, Sanjust E, Dessì MA, Rescigno A. Evaluation of antioxidant potential of “maltese mushroom” (Cynomorium coccineum) by means of multiple chemical and biological assays. Nutrients 2013; 5:149-61. [PMID: 23344249 PMCID: PMC3571642 DOI: 10.3390/nu5010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cynomorium coccineum is an edible, non-photosynthetic plant widespread along the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea. The medicinal properties of Maltese mushroom—one of the oldest vernacular names used to identify this species—have been kept in high regard since ancient times to the present day. We evaluated the antioxidant potential of fresh specimens of C. coccineum picked in Sardinia, Italy. Both aqueous and methanolic extracts were tested by using multiple assay systems (DPPH, FRAP, TEAC, ORAC-PYR). Total phenolics and flavonoids were also determined. Gallic acid and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside were identified as the main constituents and measured. Both extracts showed antioxidant capacities; ORAC-PYR assay gave the highest antioxidant value in both cases. The methanolic extract was further investigated with in vitro biological models of lipid oxidation; it showed a significant activity in preventing cholesterol degradation and exerted protection against Cu2+-mediated degradation of the liposomal unsaturated fatty acids. Results of the present study demonstrate that the extracts of C. coccineum show a significant total antioxidant power and also exert an in vitro protective effect in different bio-assays of oxidative stress. Therefore, Maltese mushroom can be considered a valuable source of antioxidants and phytochemicals useful in the preparation of nutraceuticals and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Zucca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Italy; E-Mails: (P.Z.); (A.R.); (A.C.R.); (E.S.); (M.A.D.)
- Consorzio UNO, Consortium University of Oristano, Oristano 09170, Italy
| | - Antonella Rosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Italy; E-Mails: (P.Z.); (A.R.); (A.C.R.); (E.S.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Carlo I. G. Tuberoso
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari 09124, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Alessandra Piras
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Andrea C. Rinaldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Italy; E-Mails: (P.Z.); (A.R.); (A.C.R.); (E.S.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Enrico Sanjust
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Italy; E-Mails: (P.Z.); (A.R.); (A.C.R.); (E.S.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Maria A. Dessì
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Italy; E-Mails: (P.Z.); (A.R.); (A.C.R.); (E.S.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Antonio Rescigno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Italy; E-Mails: (P.Z.); (A.R.); (A.C.R.); (E.S.); (M.A.D.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +39-70-675-4516; Fax: +39-70-675-4527
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