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Singh Rajpoot V, Srinivasa Rao K. Baccharoides anthelmintica (L.) Moench: A Review on Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemical, Pharmacological and Toxicological Profile. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400160. [PMID: 38655704 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Baccharoides anthelmintica (L.) Moench is a popular medicinal plant with a long history of use in several traditional remedies to cure a variety of diseases including; its effect on the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, metabolism, kidneys, gynecology, skin diseases, and general health. The present review aims to provide the latest, organized information on toxicological, pharmacological, phytochemical, and ethnomedicinal applications of Baccharoides anthelmintica. For this; several well-known searchable websites (search engines) like; Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus-Elsevier, Taylor & Francis, Springer, and DOAJ, were used to empirically investigate the knowledge of this useful medicinal plant. Based on previous studies, the pharmacological action of B. anthelmintica is due to various secondary metabolites including alkaloids, terpenoids, lignans, steroids, and other phytoconstituents. Hence, the present study recorded 225 phytochemicals obtained from different parts of the plant, where the steroids and derivatives (48), terpenes and sesquiterpenes (46), flavonoids and derivatives (41), fatty acids and derivatives (40), phenolic acids (12), triterpenes (11), chalcones (06), diterpenes (01) and miscellaneous (20) were reported. The present review also covered the pharmacological importance, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic action, liver disease, anticancer potential, anti-HIV, antiosteoporotic action, antitoxic action, skin disorder, wound healing and immunomodulatory activity, systemic infection, and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases etc. The review concluded that B. anthelmintica has several pharmacological activities, which were due to the presence of secondary metabolites present in it, and thus indicates the importance of medicinal value of this plant. Hence, B. anthelmintica may be a good source for developing a lead molecule in the process of new drug discovery and development. More study is required to determine the pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, long-term toxicology testing, safe dosage, and possible interactions with other herbs/drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Singh Rajpoot
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Anuppur District-484887, India
| | - Kareti Srinivasa Rao
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Anuppur District-484887, India
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Molinuevo MS, Cortizo AM, Sedlinsky C. Effects of advanced glycation end-products, diabetes and metformin on the osteoblastic transdifferentiation capacity of vascular smooth muscle cells: In vivo and in vitro studies. J Diabetes Complications 2023; 37:108626. [PMID: 37839167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Our objective was to study the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) osteoblastic transdifferentiation in AGE exposed cells or those from diabetic animals, and its response to metformin treatment. METHODS VSMC were obtained from non-diabetic rats, grown with or without AGE; while VSMC of in vivo-ex vivo studies were obtained from non-diabetic control animals (C), diabetic (D), C treated with metformin (M) and D treated with metformin (D-M). We studied the osteoblastic differentiation by evaluating alkaline phosphatase (ALP), type I collagen (Col) and mineral deposit. RESULTS In vitro, AGE increased proliferation, migration, and osteoblastic differentiation of VSMC. Metformin cotreatment prevented the AGE induced proliferation and migration. Both AGE and metformin stimulated the expression of ALP and Col. AGE induced mineralization was prevented by metformin. VSMC from D expressed a higher production of Col and ALP. Those from D-M showed an ALP increase vs C and M, and a partial decrease vs D. Cultured in osteogenic medium, ALP, Col and mineralization increased in D vs C, remained unchanged in M, and were prevented in D-M animals. CONCLUSION Both AGE and DM favor VSMC differentiation towards the osteogenic phenotype and this effect can be prevented by metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Silvina Molinuevo
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral UNLP-CICPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 50 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ana María Cortizo
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral UNLP-CICPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 50 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Claudia Sedlinsky
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral UNLP-CICPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 50 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
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Olvera-Roldán EO, Cristóbal-Luna JM, García-Martínez Y, Mojica-Villegas MA, Pérez-Pastén-Borja R, Gutiérrez-Salmeán G, Pérez-Gutiérrez S, García-Rodríguez RV, Madrigal-Santillán E, Morales-González JA, Chamorro-Cevallos G. Effects of Spirulina maxima on a Model of Sexual Dysfunction in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Rats. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12040722. [PMID: 36840070 PMCID: PMC9959000 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Arthrospira (Spirulina) maxima (SM) is a cyanobacterium that has a long history of being used as human food. In recent years, several investigations have shown its beneficial biological effects, among which its antioxidant capacity has been highlighted. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of SM on body weight, glycemia, sexual behavior, sperm quality, testosterone levels, sex organ weights, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in diabetic male rats (a disease characterized by an increase in reactive oxygen species). The experiment consisted of six groups of sexually expert adult males (n = 6): (1) control (vehicle); (2) streptozotocin (STZ)-65 mg/kg; (3) SM-400 mg/kg; (4) STZ + SM-100 mg/kg; (5) STZ + SM-200 mg/kg; and (6) STZ + SM-400 mg/kg. Sexual behavior tests were performed during the first 3 h of the dark period under dim red illumination. Our results showed that SM significantly improved sexual behavior and sperm quality vs. diabetic animals. Likewise, while the enzymatic activities of SOD and GPx increased, TBARS lipoperoxidation decreased and testosterone levels increased. In view of the findings, it is suggested that SM may potentially be used as a nutraceutical for the treatment of diabetic male sexual dysfunction due to its antioxidant property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Osel Olvera-Roldán
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Preclínica, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City C.P. 07738, Mexico
| | - José Melesio Cristóbal-Luna
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Preclínica, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City C.P. 07738, Mexico
| | - Yuliana García-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Preclínica, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City C.P. 07738, Mexico
| | - María Angélica Mojica-Villegas
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Preclínica, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City C.P. 07738, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Pérez-Pastén-Borja
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Preclínica, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City C.P. 07738, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Gutiérrez-Salmeán
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Universidad Anáhuac, Mexico City C.P. 52786, Mexico
| | - Salud Pérez-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City C.P. 04960, Mexico
| | | | - Eduardo Madrigal-Santillán
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City C.P. 11340, Mexico
| | - José A. Morales-González
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City C.P. 11340, Mexico
| | - Germán Chamorro-Cevallos
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Preclínica, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City C.P. 07738, Mexico
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Baig N, Sultan R, Qureshi SA. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Centratherum anthelminticum (L.) Kuntze seed oil in diabetic nephropathy via modulation of Nrf-2/HO-1 and NF-κB pathway. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:301. [PMID: 36401276 PMCID: PMC9675141 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03776-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) approximately constitutes 90% of the reported cases. 30-40% of diabetics eventually develop diabetic nephropathy (DN); accounting for one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality. Increased glucose autoxidation and non-enzymatic glycation of proteins in diabetic kidneys lead to the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that results in lipid peroxidation and activation of inflammatory mediators which overwhelms the scavenging capacity of the antioxidant defense system (Nrf2/Keap1/HO-1). Centratherum anthelminticum commonly called as kali zeeri (bitter cumin) and its seeds are well known for culinary purposes in Asia (Pakistan). It has reported anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic activities. The present study has attempted to explore the in-vivo anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antihyperglycemic potential of the C. anthelminticum seed’s fixed oil (FO) and its fractions in high fat-high fructose-streptozotocin (HF-HFr-STZ) induced T2DM rat model. Methods The T2DM rat model was developed by giving a high-fat and high-fructose diet followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ 60 mg/kg) on 28th day of the trial. After 72 hours of this injection, rats showing fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels≥230 mg/dL were recruited into six groups. These groups were orally administered distilled water (1 mL/kg), Gliclazide (200 mg/kg), Centratherum anthelminticum seed (FO) and its hexane (HF), chloroform (CF) and ethanol (EF) soluble fractions (200 mg/kg each), respectively for 4 weeks (i.e. 28 days). Blood, serum, and kidney tissue samples of euthanized animals were used for biochemical, pro-inflammatory, and antioxidant markers (ELISA, qRT-PCR, and spectrophotometric assays) and histology, respectively. Results C. anthelminticum FO and its fractions reduced the lipid peroxidation, and improved the antioxidant parameters: enzymatic (SOD, CAT, and GPx), non-enzymatic (GSH), and mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory markers (Nrf-2, keap1, and HO-1). mRNA expression of inflammatory and apoptotic markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-1, NF-κB, Bax, and Bcl-2) were attenuated along with improved kidney architecture. Conclusion C. anthelminticum can mitigate inflammation and oxidative stress in early DN. The anti-nephropathic effect can be attributed to its ability to down-regulate NF-κB and by bringing the Nrf-2 expression levels to near normal. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03776-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Baig
- grid.412080.f0000 0000 9363 9292Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Medical Technology, Dow University of Health Sciences, OJHA Campus, Karachi, Pakistan ,grid.266518.e0000 0001 0219 3705Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Sultan
- grid.266518.e0000 0001 0219 3705Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shamim Akhtar Qureshi
- grid.266518.e0000 0001 0219 3705Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Investigation of the Repairing Effect and Mechanism of Oral Degraded Sericin on Liver Injury in Type II Diabetic Rats. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030444. [PMID: 35327635 PMCID: PMC8946660 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the sericulture and silk production industry, sericin is discharged in the degumming wastewater, resulting in a large amount of wasted natural protein and environmental pollution. This study investigated the effect of degraded sericin recovered by the Ca(OH)2–ultrasound degumming method (a green process) on liver injury in T2D rats. After 4 weeks of dietary sericin supplementation, the liver masses and organ coefficients of the T2D rats improved compared with those of the model rats that were not fed sericin. Oral sericin activated the damaged PI3K/AKT/AMPK pathway to enhance glycogen synthesis, accelerate glycolysis, and inhibit gluconeogenesis. The protein expression levels of the inflammatory factors NF-κB, IL-6, and TNF-α in the T2D model group were up to two times higher than in the normal group. However, all three T2D groups that received oral sericin showed significant decreases in these factors to the level found in the normal group, indicating that inflammation in the body was significantly reduced. These results show that the sericin protein might improve glycogen synthesis, accelerate glycolysis, and inhibit gluconeogenesis by enhancing the anti-oxidation capability and reducing inflammatory reactions. Therefore, sericin recovered by Ca(OH)2 degradation has potential use in the development of functional health foods that can lower blood sugar.
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Rathinam A, Pari L, Venkatesan M, Munusamy S. Myrtenal attenuates oxidative stress and inflammation in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:175-183. [PMID: 31564173 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1670212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of myrtenal on diabetes-associated oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and inflammation using a rat model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Following the induction of diabetes in male Wistar rats using STZ (40 mg/kg body weight), myrtenal (80 mg/kg body weight) was administered orally to diabetic rats for four weeks and then sacrificed to harvest tissues. We measured the levels of antioxidants, LPO, and proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), and the p65 subunit of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB p65). Diabetic rats revealed increased levels of LPO, proinflammatory cytokines, and NF-kB p65, and decreased levels of antioxidants in the liver and pancreas. Supplementation with myrtenal significantly attenuated the diabetes-induced changes in the liver and pancreas of diabetic rats. Our findings suggest that myrtenal may serve as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent against diabetes-associated oxidative stress and inflammation.HighlightsOral administration of myrtenal improved the antioxidant status in the liver and pancreas of diabetic rats.Myrtenal treatment diminished inflammation in the liver and pancreas of diabetic rats.Myrtenal supplementation averts oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic rats.Myrtenal could serve as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent in the management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyasamy Rathinam
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Phytopharmacology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
- Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Leelavinothan Pari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Phytopharmacology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
| | - Manigandan Venkatesan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, India
| | - Shankar Munusamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Drake University, Des Moines, IA, USA
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Ponnusankar S, Som S, Antony J, Dhanabal SP. Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) willd extract alleviates cognitive deficits and neurodegeneration induced by infusion of amyloid beta (1–42) in rats. Pharmacogn Mag 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_518_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Dogra NK, Kumar S, Kumar D. Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd.: An ethnomedicinal, phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 256:112777. [PMID: 32205258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd. (Asteraceae; Purple Fleabane) has a long history of traditional use for the management of several disorders related to skin, central nervous system, kidney, gynecology, gastrointestinal, metabolism, and general health. The review aims to provide updated systematic information on ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological uses, toxicity studies, and patented formulations of V. anthelmintica. This review will not only help to identify the research gaps but also provide information to the scientific community for future research requisites. MATERIAL AND METHODS Empirical searches were conducted on the medicinal plant via significant search engines like Google Scholar, Scopus-Elsevier, Medline, SciFinder, Web of Science, Directory of Open Access Journal (DOAJ) from inception until June 2018. Besides, references from local literature, books, and non-English journals were also included. RESULTS Scientific reports revealed that V. anthelmintica is a popular medicinal plant used in local and traditional medicine to manage various disorders. Phytochemical studies have identified 193 chemical constituents amongst which steroids form the most abundant class, followed by terpenes. Crude extracts and isolated compounds exhibited various pharmacological activities such as anti-vitiligo, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antipsoriatic, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, analgesic, antipyretic, antioxidant, antiparasitic, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, immunomodulatory and also helped in managing pulmonary fibrosis and promoting the synthesis of estrogen. Approximately 45 chemical constituents were found to be biologically active. There are only three toxicity reports and 37 patents available on V. anthelmintica. CONCLUSION The review suggests that V. anthelmintica act as a promising source for drug development. The potential uses of V. anthelmintica are owing to the presence of phenolic acids, steroids, fatty acids, and terpenes in its composition. However, further studies are needed to explore the exact mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, chronic toxicological studies, safe dose consumption, and possible interactions with other herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nittya K Dogra
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India.
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Khan HU, Aamir K, Sisinthy SP, Nagojappa NBS, Arya A. Food additive "lauric acid" possess non-toxic profile on biochemical, haematological and histopathological studies in female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8805. [PMID: 32266118 PMCID: PMC7120040 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lauric acid (LA), a common constituent of coconut oil, is used as food additives and supplements in various formulations. Despite various potential pharmacological properties, no scientific evidence on its dose-related toxicity and safety is available till date. Objective The current study was conducted to evaluate acute oral toxicity of LA on normal rats. Methods The study was conducted in accordance with the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development guidelines (OECD 423) with slight modifications. LA was administered orally to female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (n = 6/group) at a single dose of 300 and 2,000 mg/kg body weight, respectively, while normal control received vehicle only. Animals from all the three groups were monitored for any behavioural and toxicological changes and mortality for two weeks. Food and fluid consumption, body weight was monitored on daily basis. At the end (on day 15th) of the experimental period, blood was collected for haematological and biochemical analysis. Further, all the animals were euthanized, and internal organs were harvested for histopathological investigation using four different stainings; haematoxylin and eosin, Masson trichrome, Periodic Acid Schiff and Picro Sirius Red for gross pathology through microscopical observation. Results The study results showed no LA treatment-related mortality and morbidity at two different dosages. Daily food and water consumption, body weight, relative organ weight, haematological, and biochemical analysis were observed to be normal with no severe alterations to the internal tissues. Conclusion The current finding suggests that single oral administration of LA, even up to 2,000 mg/kg body weight, did not exhibit any signs of toxicity in SD rats; thus, it was safe to be used on disease models in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidayat Ullah Khan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khurram Aamir
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sreenivas Patro Sisinthy
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Aditya Arya
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Parkville VIC, Australia.,Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, (IPHARM), Bukit Gelugor Pulau, Pinang, Malaysia
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Alkreathy HM, Ahmad A. Catharanthus roseus Combined with Ursolic Acid Attenuates Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes through Insulin Secretion and Glycogen Storage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8565760. [PMID: 32148658 PMCID: PMC7049865 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8565760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Catharanthus roseus (C. roseus) and ursolic acid (UA) are ayurvedic medicines with multiple pharmacological activities including antidiabetic activity, but till date, no study is available on their combination. This study documented the antidiabetic efficacy of the combination of C. roseus and UA in rats. Rats were divided into six groups. All groups were given a single dose of Streptozotocin (STZ) at a dose of 50 mg/kg by intraperitoneal route for induction of diabetes, except the normal control group. Group 1 was treated as a normal control (NC) group and fed with saline water, Group 2 as a Diabetes Control group, Group 3 as a STZ+C. roseus ethanolic extract (CREE) group at 50 mg/kg p.o., Group 4 as a STZ+UA group orally at 50 mg/kg, Group 5 as a STZ+CREE (25 mg/kg p.o.)+UA (25 mg/kg p.o.) group, and Group 6 as a STZ+Glimepiride (0.1 mg/kg) group. Diabetes was confirmed after 72 hours by estimation of blood glucose level, and then treatment was given for the next 28 days. During the course of treatment, plasma insulin and blood glucose were measured regularly at the interval of 7 days. At the end of the protocol, blood was collected and animals were sacrificed. The glucose level, insulin level, liver glycogen storage level, and antioxidant enzymes (LPO, CAT, SOD, GPx, GST) were measured. The blood glucose level in Group 5 significantly (P < 0.001) reduced to 98.35 ± 2.45 mg/dl in comparison with that in Group 2 (321.75 ± 5.46 mg/dl). The level of plasma insulin in Group 5 increased (13.65 ± 0.10 μU/ml) significantly (P < 0.01) as compared with that in Group 2 (05.93 ± 0.31 μU/ml). In Group 5, the level of glycogen in liver was significantly (P < 0.01) increased as compared with that in Group 2 rats. The level of antioxidant enzymes in Group 5 restored toward normal values significantly (P < 0.01; P < 0.001) as compared with that in Group 2 animals. These findings suggest that low-dose combination of CREE and UA is effective in the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda Mohammed Alkreathy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Health Information Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah -21589, Saudi Arabia
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Khordadmehr M, Ghaderi S, Mesgari Abbasi M, Nofouzi K, McIntyre G. The Improvement Effects of Gordonia bronchialis on Male Fertility of Rats with Diabetes Mellitus Induced by Streptozotocin. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2019.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study evaluated the possible protective effects of Gordonia bronchialis (Gb) on oxidative stress and some subsequent alterations on testis from rats undergoing an experimentally induced type 1 diabetes. Methods: A total of 40 male rats were randomly divided into four groups of ten. Diabetes was induced by injection of 55 mg/kg streptozotocin in 30 rats. Oral administration of Gb at dose of 105 (low dose) and 107 (high dose) CFU/rat was performed in two groups continuously for 14 days. The third and fourth groups received normal saline as the diabetic and healthy control groups, respectively. The blood and testicular tissue samples were taken on the 14th and 21st days post treatment for biochemical and histopathological evaluations. Results: Significant differences were found in blood glucose level, insulin, IL-6 and TNF-α values together with catalase and superoxide dismutase activities and malondialdehyde level in the diabetic group in comparison with healthy and Gb recipient groups. Moreover, the histopathological lesions observed in the diabetic rats mainly included basement membrane thickening, decreased number of Sertoli cells, and severe reduction of spermatogenesis markedly attenuated in Gb-treated rats. Conclusion: Taken together, it seems that oral administration of Gb could ameliorate testicular damage associated with some related parameters in the diabetic animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Khordadmehr
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Iran
| | - Solin Ghaderi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Katayoon Nofouzi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Iran
| | - Graham McIntyre
- Center for Infectious Diseases and International Health, Windeyer Institute for Medical Sciences, University College London, UK
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Minaz N, Razdan R, Hammock BD, Mujwar S, Goswami SK. Impact of diabetes on male sexual function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: Protective role of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108897. [PMID: 31102913 PMCID: PMC6893866 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes-induced male sexual dysfunction is associated with endothelial dysfunction. Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is known to improve endothelial function in diabetes. Therefore, we hypothesized that sEH inhibitor (sEHI), [trans-4-{4-[3-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-ureido]cyclohexyloxy}benzoic acid] / t-TUCB can restore the male sexual function in diabetic rat. After one week of administration of diabetogenic agent STZ (52 mg/kg i.p) injection, diabetic rats were treated with t-TUCB (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg, p.o) or vehicle for 8 weeks. The sexual behaviour parameters of the animals were evaluated at the end of dosing period. The levels of testosterone and glucose in serum, and sperm were quantified. Effect of treatment on weight of reproductive organs and histopathology of penile tissue was evaluated. Diabetes had a negative effect on male sexual function, weight of sexual organs and production of sperm with a parallel decrease in the level of testosterone. The sEHI, t-TUCB, significantly preserved the sexual function and minimized an increase in the level of blood glucose in diabetic rats. It also prevented a decrease in the level of testosterone and sperm in diabetic rats, in comparison to diabetic control rats. Further, diabetes induced distortion of corpus cavernosum was attenuated by t-TUCB. Based on our findings, sEHI may delay the development of sexual dysfunction in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathani Minaz
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rema Razdan
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Somdutt Mujwar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, 17km Stone, NH-2, Mathura-Delhi Road P.O. Chaumuhan, Mathura, 281 406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sumanta Kumar Goswami
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Karnataka, India; Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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Al-Oanzi ZH. Erectile dysfunction attenuation by naringenin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12885. [PMID: 31353690 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with sexual dysfunction, which leads to infertility in animal models. The aim of this study was to evaluate sexual behavior in diabetic rats administered with naringenin. Rats were classified into five groups including healthy controls, those with STZ-induced diabetes, and those with STZ-induced diabetes then treated with 25, 50, or 100 mg kg-1 day-1 of naringenin. Male rats were introduced to sexually receptive females, and data were collected regarding sexual behavior and erectile activity. Blood samples were taken and histopathological analyses were carried out. ANOVA and the Student-Newman-Keuls t test were used for statistical comparisons. Sexual behavioral, mount latency, intromission latency, ejaculation latency, and postejaculatory interval were significantly increased in diabetic rates compared with controls (p < 0.001). The NG-treated rats showed a significant improvement in testosterone and cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels, and testicular oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers were corrected in a dose-dependent manner compared with controls. The treatment protocol used in this study led to the elimination of sexual impairment resulting from DM, and naringenin showed significant antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects in testicular cells. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Erectile dysfunction occurs in more than 50% of men who are diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of ED is 25% in patients younger than 50 years and 75% in those older than 50 years. Chronic DM leads to oxidative stress, which has significant effects on sexual behavior, spermatogenesis, and sperm biology. Phenolic compounds have been reported to reduce streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress in experimental animal models. In addition, they have significant effects on the generation of sperm (spermatogenesis), which is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic DM. Our study was designed to examine the effect of naringenin, a flavone flavonoid, on oxidative stress, the inflammatory process, sexual behavior, erectile activity through spermatogenesis, and cavernous cyclic guanosine monophosphate in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad H Al-Oanzi
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
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Zhao JG, Wang HY, Wei ZG, Zhang YQ. Therapeutic effects of ethanolic extract from the green cocoon shell of silkworm Bombyx mori on type 2 diabetic mice and its hypoglycaemic mechanism. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:407-420. [PMID: 31160974 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00294k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a clinically complex disease characterized by hyperglycaemia with disturbances in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic effect of ethanolic extract (EE) from the green cocoon sericin layer of silkworm Bombyx mori on mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its hypoglycaemic mechanisms. The results showed that oral EE for 7 weeks had significant ameliorative effects on all the biochemical parameters studied in vivo. The levels of oral glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance were significantly improved. The hypoglycaemic rate in the 350 mg kg-1 high dosage group was 39.38%. The levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the high dosage EE-treated group were significantly reduced, while activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were obviously increased. The islet area and the number of insulin-positive beta cells increased significantly in the high dose group. Furthermore, expression levels of insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate (IRS), phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), p-Akt and phospho-glycogen synthase kinase-3β (p-GSK3β) involved in insulin signalling were increased. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) also were activated to regulate glucose metabolism in EE-treated groups. The levels of glucose 6-phosphatase (G6pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) decreased, while the glucokinase (GK) level increased to promote glycolysis. The results clearly indicated that oral EE, especially at a high dose, could improve the glucose metabolism of T2DM by reducing inflammatory reactions, enhancing the antioxidant capacity and insulin sensitivity, and regulating the balance between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, which means that EE has potential ameliorative effects on T2DM mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ge Zhao
- Silk Biotechnology Laboratory , School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences , Soochow University , China .
| | - Hai-Yan Wang
- Silk Biotechnology Laboratory , School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences , Soochow University , China .
| | - Zheng-Guo Wei
- Silk Biotechnology Laboratory , School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences , Soochow University , China .
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- Silk Biotechnology Laboratory , School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences , Soochow University , China .
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Rad SK, Arya A, Karimian H, Madhavan P, Rizwan F, Koshy S, Prabhu G. Mechanism involved in insulin resistance via accumulation of β-amyloid and neurofibrillary tangles: link between type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Drug Des Devel Ther 2018; 12:3999-4021. [PMID: 30538427 PMCID: PMC6255119 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s173970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological link between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been suggested in several reports. Few findings suggest that T2DM has strong link in the development process of AD, and the complete mechanism is yet to be revealed. Formation of amyloid plaques (APs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are two central hallmarks in the AD. APs are the dense composites of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) which accumulates around the nerve cells. Moreover, NFTs are the twisted fibers containing hyperphosphorylated tau proteins present in certain residues of Aβ that build up inside the brain cells. Certain factors contribute to the aetiogenesis of AD by regulating insulin signaling pathway in the brain and accelerating the formation of neurotoxic Aβ and NFTs via various mechanisms, including GSK3β, JNK, CamKII, CDK5, CK1, MARK4, PLK2, Syk, DYRK1A, PPP, and P70S6K. Progression to AD could be influenced by insulin signaling pathway that is affected due to T2DM. Interestingly, NFTs and APs lead to the impairment of several crucial cascades, such as synaptogenesis, neurotrophy, and apoptosis, which are regulated by insulin, cholesterol, and glucose metabolism. The investigation of the molecular cascades through insulin functions in brain contributes to probe and perceive progressions of diabetes to AD. This review elaborates the molecular insights that would help to further understand the potential mechanisms linking T2DM and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Kianpour Rad
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aditya Arya
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia,
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia,
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (IPharm), Bukit Gambir, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia,
| | - Hamed Karimian
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia,
| | - Priya Madhavan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Farzana Rizwan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Shajan Koshy
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Girish Prabhu
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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Taha H, Arya A, Khan AK, Shahid N, Bin Noordin MI, Mohan S. Effect of Pseuduvaria macrophylla in attenuating hyperglycemia mediated oxidative stress and inflammatory response in STZ-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats by upregulating insulin secretion and glucose transporter-1, 2 and 4 proteins expression. J Appl Biomed 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Qasem MA, Noordin MI, Arya A, Alsalahi A, Jayash SN. Evaluation of the glycemic effect of Ceratonia siliqua pods (Carob) on a streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rat model. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4788. [PMID: 29844959 PMCID: PMC5970558 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ceratonia siliqua pods (carob) have been nominated to control the high blood glucose of diabetics. In Yemen, however, its antihyperglycemic activity has not been yet assessed. Thus, this study evaluated the in vitro inhibitory effect of the methanolic extract of carob pods against α-amylase and α-glucosidase and the in vivo glycemic effect of such extract in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. Methods 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) were applied to evaluate the antioxidant activity of carob. In vitro cytotoxicity of carob was conducted on human hepatocytes (WRL68) and rat pancreatic β-cells (RIN-5F). Acute oral toxicity of carob was conducted on a total of 18 male and 18 female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, which were subdivided into three groups (n = 6), namely: high and low dose carob-treated (CS5000 and CS2000, respectively) as well as the normal control (NC) receiving a single oral dose of 5,000 mg kg-1 carob, 2,000 mg kg-1 carob and 5 mL kg-1 distilled water for 14 days, respectively. Alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, creatinine and urea were assessed. Livers and kidneys were harvested for histopathology. In vitro inhibitory effect against α-amylase and α-glucosidase was evaluated. In vivo glycemic activity was conducted on 24 male SD rats which were previously intraperitoneally injected with 55 mg kg-1 streptozotocin (STZ) followed by 210 mg kg-1nicotinamide to induce type 2 diabetes mellitus. An extra non-injected group (n = 6) was added as a normal control (NC). The injected-rats were divided into four groups (n = 6), namely: diabetic control (D0), 5 mg kg-1glibenclamide-treated diabetic (GD), 500 mg kg-1 carob-treated diabetic (CS500) and 1,000 mg kg-1 carob-treated diabetic (CS1000). All groups received a single oral daily dose of their treatment for 4 weeks. Body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test, biochemistry, insulin and hemostatic model assessment were assessed. Pancreases was harvested for histopathology. Results Carob demonstrated a FRAP value of 3191.67 ± 54.34 µmoL Fe++ and IC50 of DPPH of 11.23 ± 0.47 µg mL-1. In vitro, carob was non-toxic on hepatocytes and pancreatic β-cells. In acute oral toxicity, liver and kidney functions and their histological sections showed no abnormalities. Carob exerted an in vitro inhibitory effect against α-amylase and α-glucosidase with IC50 of 92.99 ± 0.22 and 97.13 ± 4.11 µg mL-1, respectively. In diabetic induced rats, FBG of CS1000 was significantly less than diabetic control. Histological pancreatic sections of CS1000 showed less destruction of β-cells than CS500 and diabetic control. Conclusion Carob pod did not cause acute systemic toxicity and showed in vitro antioxidant effects. On the other hand, inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase was evident. Interestingly, a high dose of carob exhibits an in vivo antihyperglycemic activity and warrants further in-depth study to identify the potential carob extract composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa A Qasem
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Aditya Arya
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Abdulsamad Alsalahi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soher Nagi Jayash
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen
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Oladipo GO, Nlekerem CM, Ibukun EO, Kolawole AO. Quail (Coturnix japonica) egg yolk bioactive components attenuate streptozotocin-induced testicular damage and oxidative stress in diabetic rats. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:2857-2867. [PMID: 29052001 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1554-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The testicular milieu is the machinery for the metabolism of testosterone in the male reproductive system. PURPOSE The dysfunction of this highly regenerating system is inevitable in the condition of glucose imbalance as a result of insulin machinery impairment. Therefore, it is imperative to recommend dietary intervention for attenuating the testicular dysfunction and oxidative stress resulting from STZ-induction of diabetes. METHODS STZ-induced diabetes (65 mg/kg, ip) was treated with QEYEM (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day) and quercetin (50 mg/kg/day) for 7weeks. In serum, glucose, testosterone, IL-6 and TNF-α levels were estimated, and in testis, tissues TBARS, sulfhydryl groups, nucleic acids and total protein (TP) levels were estimated. SOD, CAT and GST activities were also determined in testicular cells. Histopathological changes were evaluated in a cross-section of testis. RESULTS Testosterone concentration was decreased while pro-inflammatory markers were increased in STZ-assaulted rats. Treatment using QEYEM of diabetic rats corrected assaults and reverse significantly the diabetic conditions. QEYEM-treated groups showed significant inhibition of TBARS levels and elevation of testicular GSH, NP-SH, total protein (TP) and nucleic acids-DNA and RNA levels. The QEYEM administration reversed the inhibited activities of SOD, CAT and GST in testicular cells in diabetic rats. The characterization of the extract carried out through HPLC analytical techniques revealed vitamins A, D and E concentrations of 0.645, 0.012 and 6.3 mg/100 g, respectively. CONCLUSION QEYEM supplementation to STZ-induced diabetic rats for seven (7) consecutive weeks is a potential intervention against testicular damage in adult diabetic rats, probably by decreasing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Oludare Oladipo
- Lipidomics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria.
| | - Chidinma Martha Nlekerem
- Lipidomics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Oluwafemi Ibukun
- Lipidomics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Ayodele Oluseyi Kolawole
- Biophysics Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
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Al-Roujeaie AS, Abuohashish HM, Ahmed MM, Alkhamees OA. Effect of rutin on diabetic-induced erectile dysfunction: Possible involvement of testicular biomarkers in male rats. Andrologia 2016; 49. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. S. Al-Roujeaie
- Department of Dermatology; College of Medicine; Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU); Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - H. M. Abuohashish
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences; College of Dentistry; University of Dammam; Dammam Saudi Arabia
| | - M. M. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - O. A. Alkhamees
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Medicine; Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU); Riyadh Saudi Arabia
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Biological activities of phenolic compounds extracted from Amaranthaceae plants and their LC/ESI-MS/MS profiling. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Hadrich F, Garcia M, Maalej A, Moldes M, Isoda H, Feve B, Sayadi S. Oleuropein activated AMPK and induced insulin sensitivity in C2C12 muscle cells. Life Sci 2016; 151:167-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Krishna G. Aqueous extract of tomato seeds attenuates rotenone-induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:1745-1755. [PMID: 26033662 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tomato seeds, a major by-product from the food processing industry, constitute a rich source of bioactives and a large population consumes tomato (either in raw or cooked form). In the present study, initially we assessed the antioxidant activity of aqueous extract of tomato seeds (TSE) in selected chemical systems and further explored the neuroprotective effects of TSE utilising the rotenone (ROT) model of neurotoxicity in Drosophila. RESULTS Adult male flies (Oregon K) were fed TSE-enriched medium (0.1-0.2%) with or without ROT (500 µmol L(-1)) for 7 days. The propensity of TSE to protect flies against ROT-induced lethality, locomotor phenotype, oxidative stress and neurotoxicity was investigated. TSE offered marked protection against ROT-induced mortality, while survivors exhibited improved locomotor phenotype. TSE significantly attenuated ROT-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunctions, protein carbonyls content, restored the cholinergic function and dopamine levels. CONCLUSION We hypothesise that the efficacy of tomato seed extract to attenuate ROT-mediated neurotoxicity may be largely related to the combined antioxidant activity of bioactives resulting in abrogation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. More importantly, our approach provides an experimental paradigm to rapidly assess the potential neuroprotective effects of common dietary components employing Drosophila, since it corroborates previous evidence in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Krishna
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore, 570020, India
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Agwaya MS, Vuzi PC, Nandutu AM. Hypoglycemic Activity of Aqueous Root Bark Extract Zanthoxylum chalybeum in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:8727590. [PMID: 27069932 PMCID: PMC4812402 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8727590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medicinal plants offer cheaper and safer treatment options to current diabetic drugs. The present study evaluated the effect of aqueous root bark extract of Zanthoxylum chalybeum on oral glucose tolerance and pancreas histopathology in alloxanized rats. METHOD Diabetes was induced in rats by administration of alloxan monohydrate. Root extract of Z. chalybeum was administered to rats at 200 and 400 mg/kg BW daily for 28 days. Blood glucose was measured by glucometer and pancreatic histopathology evaluated microscopically. RESULTS Initial increase was observed in blood glucose of the rats after oral administration of glucose from time zero. Two hours after treatment with Z. chalybeum, a significant reduction in blood glucose was observed within treatment groups (p < 0.05) compared to 0.5 hr and 1 hr. There was no significant difference between treatment group receiving 400mg/Kg BW extract and the normal groups (p = 0.27), implying that the former group recovered and were able to regulate their blood sugar, possibly via uptake of glucose into cells. The reversal in pancreatic histopathology further supports the protective effect of Z. chalybeum extract towards diabetic damage. CONCLUSION Extract of Z. chalybeum is effective in controlling blood glucose in diabetes and protecting pancreatic tissues from diabetic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses Solomon Agwaya
- Natural Chemotherapeutics Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Biochemistry and Sports Science, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Peter California Vuzi
- Department of Biochemistry and Sports Science, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Agnes Masawi Nandutu
- Department of Biochemistry and Sports Science, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- *Agnes Masawi Nandutu:
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Vattam KK, Raghavendran H, Murali MR, Savatey H, Kamarul T. Coadministration of alloxan and nicotinamide in rats produces biochemical changes in blood and pathological alterations comparable to the changes in type II diabetes mellitus. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 35:893-901. [PMID: 26429928 DOI: 10.1177/0960327115608246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present study, thirty six male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups and were injected with varying doses of alloxan (Ax) and nicotinamide (NA). The serum levels of glucose, insulin, and adiponectin were measured weekly up to 4 weeks. RESULTS Elevated levels of glucose were observed in all groups on days 7, 14, 21, and 28, except in groups a and f (control). The serum insulin levels were significantly elevated in groups b and c on day 7, when compared with that in group f, whereas a decrease in the serum insulin levels was observed in groups d and e on days 21 and 28. The adiponectin levels showed inconsistencies on days 7 and 14. However, significant decrease in the adiponectin levels was observed on days 21 and 28. Histological section of the pancreas showed mild (group a), moderate (group b) to severe (groups c, d, and e) degenerative changes. Concomitant fatty changes in the liver and inflammatory infiltration of the kidney were markedly observed in all the treated groups, when compared to control. CONCLUSION These results suggested that the use of selective combination of Ax120 + NA50 injection demonstrated type II diabetes mellitus in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Vattam
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NOCERAL, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hrb Raghavendran
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NOCERAL, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M R Murali
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NOCERAL, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H Savatey
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NOCERAL, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - T Kamarul
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NOCERAL, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Clinical Investigative Centre (CIC), University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Subramania S, Radhakrish A, Chakravart S, Palanisamy UD, Haleagraha N. Antihyperglycemic Effects of Nephelium lappaceum Rind Extract in High Fat-Induced Diabetic Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2015.542.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Vindogentianine, a hypoglycemic alkaloid from Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (Apocynaceae). Fitoterapia 2015; 102:182-8. [PMID: 25665941 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Vindogentianine, a new indole alkaloid together with six known alkaloids, vindoline, vindolidine, vindolicine, vindolinine, perivine and serpentine were isolated from leaf extract (DA) of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods; NMR, MS, UV and IR. Vindogentianine is a dimer containing a vindoline moiety coupled to a gentianine moiety. After 24h incubation, vindogentianine exhibited no cytotoxic effect in C2C12 mouse myoblast and β-TC6 mouse pancreatic cells (IC50>50μg/mL). Real-time cell proliferation monitoring also indicated vindogentianine had little or no effect on C2C12 mouse myoblast cell growth at the highest dose tested (200μg/mL), without inducing cell death. Vindogentianine exhibited potential hypoglycemic activity in β-TC6 and C2C12 cells by inducing higher glucose uptake and significant in vitro PTP-1B inhibition. However, in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assay showed low inhibition under treatment of vindogentianine. This suggests that hypoglycemic activity of vindogentianine may be due to the enhancement of glucose uptake and PTP-1B inhibition, implying its therapeutic potential against type 2 diabetes.
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Khanra R, Dewanjee S, K Dua T, Sahu R, Gangopadhyay M, De Feo V, Zia-Ul-Haq M. Abroma augusta L. (Malvaceae) leaf extract attenuates diabetes induced nephropathy and cardiomyopathy via inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory response. J Transl Med 2015; 13:6. [PMID: 25591455 PMCID: PMC4301895 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0364-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abroma augusta L. (Malvaceae) leaf is traditionally used to treat diabetes in India and Southern Asia. Therefore, current study was performed to evaluate the protective effect of defatted methanol extract of A. augusta leaves (AA) against type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its associated nephropathy and cardiomyopathy in experimental rats. METHODS Antidiabetic activity of AA extracts (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) was measured in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic (T2D) rat. Fasting blood glucose level (at specific interval) and serum biochemical markers (after sacrifice) were measured. Redox status, transcription levels of signal proteins (NF-κB and PKCs), mitochondria dependent apoptotic pathway (Bad, Bcl-2, caspase cascade) and histological studies were performed in kidneys and hearts of controls and AA treated diabetic rats. RESULTS Phytochemical screening of extracts revealed the presence of taraxerol, flavonoids and phenolic compounds in the AA. T2D rats showed significantly (p < 0.01) elevated fasting blood glucose level. Alteration in serum lipid profile and release of membrane bound enzymes like lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase, which ensured the participation of hyperlipidemia and cell membrane disintegration in diabetic pathophysiology. T2DM caused alteration in the serum biochemical markers related to diabetic complications. T2DM altered the redox status, decreased the intracellular NAD and ATP concentrations in renal and myocardial tissues of experimental rats. Investigating the molecular mechanism, activation PKC isoforms was observed in the selected tissues. T2D rats also exhibited an up-regulation of NF-κB and increase in the concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) in the renal and cardiac tissues. The activation of mitochondria dependent apoptotic pathway was observed in renal and myocardial tissues of the T2D rats. However, Oral administration of AA at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight per day could reduce hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, membrane disintegration, oxidative stress, vascular inflammation and prevented the activation of oxidative stress induced signaling cascades leading to cell death. Histological studies also supported the protective characteristics of AA. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that AA could offer prophylactic role against T2DM and its associated reno- and cardio- toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Khanra
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Tarun K Dua
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Ranabir Sahu
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | | | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, 84084, Italy.
| | - Muhammad Zia-Ul-Haq
- Office of Research, Innovation and Commercialization, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan.
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Synergistic effect of quercetin and quinic acid by alleviating structural degeneration in the liver, kidney and pancreas tissues of STZ-induced diabetic rats: A mechanistic study. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 71:183-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Kang MC, Kim KN, Chaminda Lakmal HH, Kim EA, Wijesinghe WAJP, Yang X, Heo SJ, Jeon YJ. Octaphlorethol A isolated from Ishige foliacea prevents and protects against high glucose-induced oxidative damage in vitro and in vivo. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:607-15. [PMID: 25195097 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the protective effect of octaphlorethol A (OPA) isolated from Ishige foliacea against high-glucose-induced oxidative damage, as indicated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation, and cell death, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and in a zebrafish model. OPA treatment significantly and dose-dependently decreased ROS generation, lipid peroxidation, and cell death in HUVECs and in a zebrafish model. Our results show that OPA can protect HUVECs and zebrafish against high glucose by suppressing intracellular ROS generation, lipid peroxidation, and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Cheol Kang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Kil-Nam Kim
- Jeju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Jeju 690-140, Republic of Korea
| | - H H Chaminda Lakmal
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-A Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - W A J P Wijesinghe
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea; Department of Export Agriculture, Faculty of Animal Science and Export Agriculture, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla, Sri Lanka
| | - Xiudong Yang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Heo
- Global Bioresources Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Ansan 426-774, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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Olive leaf extract suppresses messenger RNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines and enhances insulin receptor substrate 1 expression in the rats with streptozotocin and high-fat diet–induced diabetes. Nutr Res 2014; 34:450-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Upregulation of insulin secretion and downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and hyperglycemia in STZ-nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetic rats by Pseuduvaria monticola bark extract. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 66:295-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Tolosa MJ, Chuguransky SR, Sedlinsky C, Schurman L, McCarthy AD, Molinuevo MS, Cortizo AM. Insulin-deficient diabetes-induced bone microarchitecture alterations are associated with a decrease in the osteogenic potential of bone marrow progenitor cells: preventive effects of metformin. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2013; 101:177-86. [PMID: 23806481 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2013.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetes mellitus is associated with metabolic bone disease and increased low-impact fractures. The insulin-sensitizer metformin possesses in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo osteogenic effects, although this has not been adequately studied in the context of diabetes. We evaluated the effect of insulin-deficient diabetes and/or metformin on bone microarchitecture, on osteogenic potential of bone marrow progenitor cells (BMPC) and possible mechanisms involved. METHODS Partially insulin-deficient diabetes was induced in rats by nicotinamide/streptozotocin-injection, with or without oral metformin treatment. Femoral metaphysis micro-architecture, ex vivo osteogenic potential of BMPC, and BMPC expression of Runx-2, PPARγ and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) were investigated. RESULTS Histomorphometric analysis of diabetic femoral metaphysis demonstrated a slight decrease in trabecular area and a significant reduction in osteocyte density, growth plate height and TRAP (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase) activity in the primary spongiosa. BMPC obtained from diabetic animals showed a reduction in Runx-2/PPARγ ratio and in their osteogenic potential, and an increase in RAGE expression. Metformin treatment prevented the diabetes-induced alterations in bone micro-architecture and BMPC osteogenic potential. CONCLUSION Partially insulin-deficient diabetes induces deleterious effects on long-bone micro-architecture that are associated with a decrease in BMPC osteogenic potential, which could be mediated by a decrease in their Runx-2/PPARγ ratio and up-regulation of RAGE. These diabetes-induced alterations can be totally or partially prevented by oral administration of metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Tolosa
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, Argentina
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Looi CY, Moharram B, Paydar M, Wong YL, Leong KH, Mohamad K, Arya A, Wong WF, Mustafa MR. Induction of apoptosis in melanoma A375 cells by a chloroform fraction of Centratherum anthelminticum (L.) seeds involves NF-kappaB, p53 and Bcl-2-controlled mitochondrial signaling pathways. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:166. [PMID: 23837445 PMCID: PMC3718627 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Centratherum anthelminticum (L.) Kuntze (scientific synonyms: Vernonia anthelmintica; black cumin) is one of the ingredients of an Ayurvedic preparation, called "Kayakalp", commonly applied to treat skin disorders in India and Southeast Asia. Despite its well known anti-inflammatory property on skin diseases, the anti-cancer effect of C. anthelminticum seeds on skin cancer is less documented. The present study aims to investigate the anti-cancer effect of Centratherum anthelminticum (L.) seeds chloroform fraction (CACF) on human melanoma cells and to elucidate the molecular mechanism involved. METHODS A chloroform fraction was extracted from C. anthelminticum (CACF). Bioactive compounds of the CACF were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Human melanoma cell line A375 was treated with CACF in vitro. Effects of CACF on growth inhibition, morphology, stress and survival of the cell were examined with MTT, high content screening (HSC) array scan and flow cytometry analyses. Involvement of intrinsic or extrinsic pathways in the CACF-induced A375 cell death mechanism was examined using a caspase luminescence assay. The results were further verified with different caspase inhibitors. In addition, Western blot analysis was performed to elucidate the changes in apoptosis-associated molecules. Finally, the effect of CACF on the NF-κB nuclear translocation ability was assayed. RESULTS The MTT assay showed that CACF dose-dependently inhibited cell growth of A375, while exerted less cytotoxic effect on normal primary epithelial melanocytes. We demonstrated that CACF induced cell growth inhibition through apoptosis, as evidenced by cell shrinkage, increased annexin V staining and formation of membrane blebs. CACF treatment also resulted in higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lower Bcl-2 expression, leading to decrease mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Disruption of the MMP facilitated the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, which activates caspase-9 and downstream caspase-3/7, resulting in DNA fragmentation and up-regulation of p53 in melanoma cells. Moreover, CACF prevented TNF-α-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation, which further committed A375 cells toward apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Together, our findings suggest CACF as a potential therapeutic agent against human melanoma malignancy.
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Paydar M, Moharam BA, Wong YL, Looi CY, Wong WF, Nyamathull S, Pandy V, Kamalidehg B, Arya A. Centratherum anthelminticum (L.) Kuntze a Potential Medicinal Plant
with Pleiotropic Pharmacological and Biological Activities. INT J PHARMACOL 2013. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2013.211.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Arya A, Looi C, Wong W, Noordin M, Nyamathull S, Mustafa M, Mohd MA. In vitro Antioxidant, PTP-1B Inhibitory Effects and in vivo Hypoglycemic Potential of Selected Medicinal Plants. INT J PHARMACOL 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2013.50.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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