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Yang F, Liu F, Min Y, Shi L, Liu M, Wang K, Ke S, Gong Y, Yang Z. Novel Steroidal[17,16-d]pyrimidines Derived from Epiandrosterone and Androsterone: Synthesis, Characterization and Configuration-Activity Relationships. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062691. [PMID: 36985662 PMCID: PMC10054084 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Two series of novel steroidal[17,16-d]pyrimidines derived from natural epiandrosterone and androsterone were designed and synthesized, and these compounds were screened for their potential anticancer activities. The preliminary bioassay indicated that some of these prepared compounds exhibited significantly good cytotoxic activities against human gastric cancer (SGC-7901), lung cancer (A549), and hepatocellular liver carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines compared with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), epiandrosterone, and androsterone. Especially the respective pairs from epiandrosterone and androsterone showed significantly different inhibitory activities, and the possible configuration-activity relationships have also been summarized and discussed based on kinase assay and molecular docking, which indicated that the inhibition activities of these steroidal[17,16-d]pyrimidines might obviously be affected by the configuration of the hydroxyl group in the part of the steroidal scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pesticides, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pesticides, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Yong Min
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pesticides, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Liqiao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pesticides, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Manli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pesticides, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Kaimei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pesticides, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Shaoyong Ke
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pesticides, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (Y.G.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Yan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pesticides, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (Y.G.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Ziwen Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pesticides, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (Y.G.); (Z.Y.)
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Gahtori R, Tripathi AH, Kumari A, Negi N, Paliwal A, Tripathi P, Joshi P, Rai RC, Upadhyay SK. Anticancer plant-derivatives: deciphering their oncopreventive and therapeutic potential in molecular terms. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-023-00465-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Over the years, phytomedicines have been widely used as natural modalities for the treatment and prevention of various diseases by different ethnic groups across the globe. Although, 25% of drugs in the USA contain at least one plant-derived therapeutic compound, currently there is a paucity of plant-derived active medicinal ingredients in the pharmaceutical industry. Scientific evidence-based translation of plant-derived ethnomedicines for their clinical application is an urgent need. The anticancer and associated properties (antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, pro-apoptotic and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inhibition) of various plant extracts and phytochemicals have been elucidated earlier. Several of the plant derivatives are already in use under prophylactic/therapeutic settings against cancer and many are being investigated under different phases of clinical trials.
Main body
The purpose of this study is to systematically comprehend the progress made in the area of prophylactic and therapeutic potential of the anticancerous plant derivatives. Besides, we aim to understand their anticancer potential in terms of specific sub-phenomena, such as anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, pro-apoptotic and inhibition of EMT, with an insight of the molecules/pathways associated with them. The study also provides details of classes of anticancer compounds, their plant source(s) and the molecular pathway(s) targeted by them. In addition to the antioxidative and antiproliferative potentials of anticancer plant derivatives, this study emphasizes on their EMT-inhibition potential and other ‘anticancer related’ properties. The EMT is highlighted as a phenomenon of choice for targeting cancer due to its role in the induction of metastasis and drug resistance. Different phytochemicals in pre-clinical or clinical trials, with promising chemopreventive/anticancer activities have been enlisted and the plant compounds showing synergistic anticancer activity in combination with the existing drugs have been discussed. The review also unravels the need of carrying out pan-signalome studies for identifying the cardinal pathways modulated by phytomedicine(s), as in many cases, the molecular pathway(s) has/have been randomly studied.
Conclusion
This review systematically compiles the studies regarding the impact of various plant derivatives in different cancers and oncogenic processes, as tested in diverse experimental model systems. Availability of more comprehensive information on anticancer phyto-constituents, their relative abundance in crude drugs, pathways/molecules targeted by phytomedicines, their long-term toxicity data and information regarding their safe use under the combinatorial settings, would open greater avenues of their utilization in future against this dreaded disease.
Graphical Abstract
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Lorca M, Cabezas D, Araque I, Terán A, Hernández S, Mellado M, Espinoza L, Mella J. Cancer and brassinosteroids: Mechanisms of action, SAR and future perspectives. Steroids 2023; 190:109153. [PMID: 36481216 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.109153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids are plant hormones whose main function is to stimulate plant growth. However, they have been studied for their biological applications in humans. Brassinosteroid compounds have displayed an important role in the study of cancer pathology and show potential for developing novel anticancer drugs. In this review we describe the relationship of brassinosteroids with cancer with focus on the last decade, the mechanisms of cytotoxic activity described to date, and a structure-activity relationship based on the available information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Lorca
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile.
| | - David Cabezas
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile.
| | - Ileana Araque
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile.
| | - Andrés Terán
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile.
| | - Santiago Hernández
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile.
| | - Marco Mellado
- Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8330507, Chile.
| | - Luis Espinoza
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España No. 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile.
| | - Jaime Mella
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; Centro de Investigación Farmacopea Chilena (CIFAR), Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile.
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Obakan Yerlikaya P, Adacan K, Karatug Kacar A, Coker Gurkan A, Arisan ED. Epibrassinolide impaired colon tumor progression and induced autophagy in SCID mouse xenograft model via acting on cell cycle progression without affecting endoplasmic reticulum stress observed in vitro. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 155:106360. [PMID: 36587800 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epibrassinolide is a member of brassinosteroids with a polyhydroxysteroid structure similar to steroid hormones of vertebrates. It was shown that EBR decreased cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in different colon cancer cell lines without exerting a cytotoxic effect in epithelial fetal human colon cells. This finding highlighted the potential of epibrassinolide in clinical therapeutic setup. In our previous studies, we showed that epibrassinolide was able to induce apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress. Recently, we also showed that endoplasmic reticulum and apoptotic stresses can be prevented via autophagic induction in non-cancerous epithelial or aggressive forms of cancer cells. Therefore, here in this study, we evaluated the anti-tumoral effect of epibrassinolide as well as the autophagy involvement in the aggressive forms of colon cancer cell lines as well as in vivo SCID mouse xenograft colon cancer model for the first time. For this purpose, SCID mouse model was used for subcutaneous injection of colon cancer cells in matrigel formulation. We found that autophagy is induced in both in vitro and in vivo models. Following tumor formation, SCID mice were treated daily with increasing concentrations of epibrassinolide for two weeks. Our findings showed that EBR inhibited the volume and diameter of the tumor in a dose-dependent manner by causing cell cycle arrest. Therefore our data suggest that epibrassinolide exerts a cytostatic effect on the agrressive form of colon cancer model in vivo, without affecting endoplasmic reticulum stress and the induction of autophagy might have role in this effect of epibrassinolide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Obakan Yerlikaya
- Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Uskudar, 34700 Istanbul, Türkiye; Istanbul Medeniyet University, Science and Advanced Technology Research Center (BILTAM), Uskudar, 34700 Istanbul, Türkiye.
| | - Kaan Adacan
- İstinye University, Molecular Cancer Research Center (ISUMKAM), Zeytinburnu, 34010 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ayse Karatug Kacar
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Vezneciler, 34134 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ajda Coker Gurkan
- Marmara University, Faculty of Arts And Sciences, Department Of Biology, Kadikoy, 34722, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Elif Damla Arisan
- Gebze Technical University, Institute of Biotechnology, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Türkiye
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Del Mondo A, Vinaccia A, Pistelli L, Brunet C, Sansone C. On the human health benefits of microalgal phytohormones: An explorative in silico analysis. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:1092-1101. [PMID: 36789263 PMCID: PMC9900276 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytohormones represent a group of secondary metabolites with different chemical structures, in which belong auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, or brassinosteroids. In higher plants, they cover active roles in growth or defense function, while their potential benefits for human health protection were noted for some phytohormones and little explored for many others. In this study, we developed a target fishing strategy on fifty-three selected naturally occurring phytohormones covering different families towards proteins involved in key cellular functions related to human metabolism and health protection/disease. This in silico analysis strategy aims to screen the potential human health-driven bioactivity of more than fifty phytohormones through the analysis of their interactions with specific targets. From this analysis, twenty-eight human targets were recovered. Some targets e.g., the proteins mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase (GLUD1) or nerve growth factor (NGF) bound many phytohormones, highlighting their involvement in amino acid metabolism and/or in the maintenance or survival of neurons. Conversely, some phytohormones specifically interacted with some proteins, e.g., SPRY domain-containing SOCS box protein 2 (SPSB2) or Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 (IMPDH1), both involved in human immune response. They were then investigated with a molecular docking analysis approach. Our bioprospecting study indicated that many phytohormones may endow human health benefits, with potential functional role in multiple cellular processes including immune response and cell cycle progression.
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Zhou H, Zhuang W, Huang H, Ma N, Lei J, Jin G, Wu S, Zhou S, Zhao X, Lan L, Xia H, Shangguan F. Effects of natural 24-epibrassinolide on inducing apoptosis and restricting metabolism in hepatocarcinoma cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 107:154428. [PMID: 36115171 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) is a ubiquitous steroidal phytohormone with anticancer activity. Yet the cytotoxic effects and mechanism of EBR on hepatocarcinoma (HCC) cells remain elusive. METHODS Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was performed to evaluate cell viability. Real-time cell analysis (RTCA) technology and colony formation assays were used to evaluate cell proliferation. The apoptosis ratio was measured by flow cytometry. Seahorse XFe96 was applied to detect the effects of EBR on cellular bioenergetics. RNA-seq analysis was performed to investigate differences in gene expression profiles. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to detect the changes in target molecules. RESULTS EBR induced apoptosis and caused energy restriction in HCC, both of which were related to insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 (IGFBP1). EBR rapidly and massively induced IGBFP1, part of which was transcribed by activating transcription factor-4 (ATF4). The accumulation of secreted and cellular IGFBP1 had different important roles, in which secreted IGFBP1 affected cell energy metabolism by inhibiting the phosphorylation of Akt, while intracellular IGFBP1 acted as a pro-survival factor to resist apoptosis. Interestingly, the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor SCH772984 and MAP/ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitor PD98059 not only attenuated the EBR-induced IGFBP1 expression but also the basal expression of IGFBP1. Thus, the treatment of cells with these inhibitors further enhances the cytotoxicity of EBR. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings suggested that EBR can be considered as a potential therapeutic compound for HCC due to its pro-apoptosis, restriction of energy metabolism, and other anti-cancer properties. Meanwhile, the high expression of IGFBP1 induced by EBR in HCC contributes to our understanding of the role of IGFBP1 in drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325006, China
| | - Weiwei Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325006, China; Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325006, China
| | - Huimin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325006, China
| | - Nengfang Ma
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325006, China
| | - Jun Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Guihua Jin
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325006, China
| | - Shijia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325006, China
| | - Shipeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325006, China
| | - Xingling Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325006, China
| | - Linhua Lan
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325006, China.
| | - Hongping Xia
- Department of Pathology in the School of Basic Medical Sciences & The Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine & Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Fugen Shangguan
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325006, China.
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Ma F, An Z, Yue Q, Zhao C, Zhang S, Sun X, Li K, Zhao L, Su L. Effects of brassinosteroids on cancer cells: A review. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23026. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feifan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Shandong Academy of Sciences Qilu University of Technology Jinan China
| | - Zaiyong An
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Shandong Academy of Sciences Qilu University of Technology Jinan China
| | - Qiulin Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Shandong Academy of Sciences Qilu University of Technology Jinan China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food and Fermentation Engineering, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Shandong Academy of Sciences Qilu University of Technology Jinan China
| | - Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Shandong Academy of Sciences Qilu University of Technology Jinan China
| | - Xin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Shandong Academy of Sciences Qilu University of Technology Jinan China
| | - Kunlun Li
- Research and Development Departments Jinan Hangchen Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Jinan China
| | - Lin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Shandong Academy of Sciences Qilu University of Technology Jinan China
| | - Le Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Shandong Academy of Sciences Qilu University of Technology Jinan China
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Bai B, Chen Q, Jing R, He X, Wang H, Ban Y, Ye Q, Xu W, Zheng C. Molecular Basis of Prostate Cancer and Natural Products as Potential Chemotherapeutic and Chemopreventive Agents. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:738235. [PMID: 34630112 PMCID: PMC8495205 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.738235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common malignant cancer in males. It involves a complex process driven by diverse molecular pathways that closely related to the survival, apoptosis, metabolic and metastatic characteristics of aggressive cancer. Prostate cancer can be categorized into androgen dependent prostate cancer and castration-resistant prostate cancer and cure remains elusive due to the developed resistance of the disease. Natural compounds represent an extraordinary resource of structural scaffolds with high diversity that can offer promising chemical agents for making prostate cancer less devastating and curable. Herein, those natural compounds of different origins and structures with potential cytotoxicity and/or in vivo anti-tumor activities against prostate cancer are critically reviewed and summarized according to the cellular signaling pathways they interfere. Moreover, the anti-prostate cancer efficacy of many nutrients, medicinal plant extracts and Chinese medical formulations were presented, and the future prospects for the application of these compounds and extracts were discussed. Although the failure of conventional chemotherapy as well as involved serious side effects makes natural products ideal candidates for the treatment of prostate cancer, more investigations of preclinical and even clinical studies are necessary to make use of these medical substances reasonably. Therefore, the elucidation of structure-activity relationship and precise mechanism of action, identification of novel potential molecular targets, and optimization of drug combination are essential in natural medicine research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingke Bai
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianbo Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Jing
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuhui He
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongrui Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfei Ban
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Ye
- Department of Biological Science, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weiheng Xu
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengjian Zheng
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Hou S, Song X, Li L, Wang R, Wang X, Ji W. Boronic Acid-Functionalized Scholl-Coupling Mesoporous Polymers for Online Solid-Phase Extraction of Brassinosteroids from Plant-Derived Foodstuffs. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:4883-4893. [PMID: 33847497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are natural, nontoxic, non-hazardous, biosafe, and eco-friendly plant hormones, possessing diverse pharmacological activities. However, little is known about the type and content of BRs in frequently consumed plant-derived foodstuffs because of their low abundance and high abundance of interference. In this study, a selective, accurate, and sensitive method based on the online solid-phase extraction using the boronic acid-functionalized Scholl-coupling microporous polymer was developed for the analysis of BRs in plant-derived foodstuffs. Under optimum conditions, an excellent linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9970) and lower limits of detection (0.010-0.070 pg mL-1) were obtained. The high relative recoveries were in the range of 90.33-109.34% with relative standard deviations less than 9.73%. The method was successfully used for the determination of BRs in fifteen plant-derived foodstuffs. The present work offers a valuable tool for exploring BRs from the plant-derived foodstuffs and can provide useful information for developing functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghuai Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xin Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Lili Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Rongyu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Wenhua Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
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Ali SS, Kornaros M, Manni A, Al-Tohamy R, El-Shanshoury AERR, Matter IM, Elsamahy T, Sobhy M, Sun J. Advances in microorganisms-based biofertilizers: Major mechanisms and applications. BIOFERTILIZERS 2021:371-385. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-821667-5.00023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Synthesis and Biological Activity of Brassinosteroid Analogues with a Nitrogen-Containing Side Chain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010155. [PMID: 33375728 PMCID: PMC7795425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroids are a class of plant hormones that regulate a broad range of physiological processes such as plant growth, development and immunity, including the suppression of biotic and abiotic stresses. In this paper, we report the synthesis of new brassinosteroid analogues with a nitrogen-containing side chain and their biological activity on Arabidopis thaliana. Based on molecular docking experiments, two groups of brassinosteroid analogues were prepared with short and long side chains in order to study the impact of side chain length on plants. The derivatives with a short side chain were prepared with amide, amine and ammonium functional groups. The derivatives with a long side chain were synthesized using amide and ammonium functional groups. A total of 25 new brassinosteroid analogues were prepared. All 25 compounds were tested in an Arabidopsis root sensitivity bioassay and cytotoxicity screening. The synthesized substances showed no significant inhibitory activity compared to natural 24-epibrassinolide. In contrast, in low concentration, several compounds (8a, 8b, 8e, 16e, 22a and 22e) showed interesting growth-promoting activity. The cytotoxicity assay showed no toxicity of the prepared compounds on cancer and normal cell lines.
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Tuoheti T, Rasheed HA, Meng L, Dong MS. High hydrostatic pressure enhances the anti-proliferative properties of lotus bee pollen on the human prostate cancer PC-3 cells via increased metabolites. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 261:113057. [PMID: 32505838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The beneficial effects of bee pollen on prostate diseases are well known. Clinicians confirm that, in nonbacterial prostate diseases, bee pollen improves the condition of patients effectively. However, there is insufficient evidence to rate effectiveness of bee pollen on prostate cancer. AIM OF THE STUDY High hydrostatic pressure (HHP), an effective non-thermal technique to improve the nutritional quality and bio-functionality of plant-based foods, was used to increase the anti-proliferative properties of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) bee pollen (LBP) in prostate cancer PC-3 cells via enhancement of bioactive compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS Freeze-dried lotus bee pollen produced from Fu Zhou city, Jiangxi province, China, was processed by high hydrostatic pressure (HHP). The anti-proliferative activities, apoptosis of ethanol and methanol extracts in prostate cancer PC-3 cells was evaluated using MTT method and Annexin-V/PI cell apoptosis assay kit, respectively. The changes of metabolites were determined using UPLC-Triple-TOF-MS analysis platform. RESULTS HHP treatment enhanced anti-proliferative activities, cell apoptosis, cell cycle disruption, glutathione-depletion in prostate cancer PC-3 cells. The metabolomics analysis showed that some metabolites such as chaetoglobosin A, glutathione oxidized, cyanidin 3-rutinoside, brassicoside, sophoranone, curcumin II, soyasaponin II were significantly increased (p < 0.05) after the HHP treatment, PCA results shown that these bioactive components have quite correlation with anti-proliferative activities of lotus bee pollen on the PC-3 cells. The results indicated that HHP enhances the anti-prostate cancer activity of lotus bee pollen via increased metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhanguli Tuoheti
- College of Food Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hafiz Abdul Rasheed
- College of Food Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Meng
- College of Food Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Sheng Dong
- College of Food Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Adacan K, Obakan-Yerlikaya P, Arisan ED, Coker-Gurkan A, Kaya RI, Palavan-Unsal N. Epibrassinolide-induced autophagy occurs in an Atg5-independent manner due to endoplasmic stress induction in MEF cells. Amino Acids 2020; 52:871-891. [PMID: 32449072 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02857-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Epibrassinolide (EBR), a polyhydroxysteroid belongs to plant growth regulator family, brassinosteroids and has been shown to have a similar chemical structure to mammalian steroid hormones. Our findings indicated that EBR could trigger apoptosis in cancer cells via induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, caused by protein folding disturbance in the ER. Normal cells exhibited a remarkable resistance to EBR treatment and avoid from apoptotic cell death. The unfolded protein response clears un/misfolded proteins and restore ER functions. When stress is chronic, cells tend to die due to improper cellular functions. To understand the effect of EBR in non-malign cells, mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells were investigated in detail for ER stress biomarkers, autophagy, and polyamine metabolism in this study. Evolutionary conserved autophagy mechanism is a crucial cellular process to clean damaged organelles and protein aggregates through lysosome under the control of autophagy-related genes (ATGs). Cells tend to activate autophagy to promote cell survival under stress conditions. Polyamines are polycationic molecules playing a role in the homeostasis of important cellular events such as cell survival, growth, and, proliferation. The administration of PAs has been markedly extended the lifespan of various organisms via inducing autophagy and inhibiting oxidative stress. Our data indicated that ER stress is induced following EBR treatment in MEF cells as well as MEF Atg5-/- cells. In addition, autophagy is activated following EBR treatment by targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR in wildtype (wt) cells. However, EBR-induced autophagy targets ULK1 in MEF cells lacking Atg5 expression. Besides, EBR treatment depleted the PA pool in MEF cells through the alterations of metabolic enzymes. The administration of Spd with EBR further increased autophagic vacuole formation. In conclusion, EBR is an anticancer drug candidate with selective cytotoxicity for cancer cells, in addition the induction of autophagy and PA metabolism are critical for responses of normal cells against EBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaan Adacan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Kultur University, Ataköy Campus, Bakirkoy, 34156, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pınar Obakan-Yerlikaya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Kultur University, Ataköy Campus, Bakirkoy, 34156, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Elif Damla Arisan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ajda Coker-Gurkan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Kultur University, Ataköy Campus, Bakirkoy, 34156, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Resul Ismail Kaya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Kultur University, Ataköy Campus, Bakirkoy, 34156, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Narçın Palavan-Unsal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Kultur University, Ataköy Campus, Bakirkoy, 34156, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kaur Kohli S, Bhardwaj A, Bhardwaj V, Sharma A, Kalia N, Landi M, Bhardwaj R. Therapeutic Potential of Brassinosteroids in Biomedical and Clinical Research. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E572. [PMID: 32283642 PMCID: PMC7226375 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroids are a pivotal class of hormones with a key role in growth modulation and signal transduction in multicellular organisms. Synthetic steroids are widely used to cure large array of viral, fungal, bacterial, and cancerous infections. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a natural collection of phytosterols, which have structural similarity with animal steroids. BRs are dispersed universally throughout the plant kingdom. These plant steroids are well known to modulate a plethora of physiological responses in plants leading to improvement in quality as well as yield of food crops. Moreover, they have been found to play imperative role in stress-fortification against various stresses in plants. Over a decade, BRs have conquered worldwide interest due to their diverse biological activities in animal systems. Recent studies have indicated anticancerous, antiangiogenic, antiviral, antigenotoxic, antifungal, and antibacterial bioactivities of BRs in the animal test systems. BRs inhibit replication of viruses and induce cytotoxic effects on cancerous cell lines. Keeping in view the biological activities of BRs, this review is an attempt to update the information about prospects of BRs in biomedical and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
- Plant Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environment Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.K.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Abhay Bhardwaj
- Department of Bio-organic and Biological Chemistry, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv 61000, Ukraine; (A.B.); (V.B.)
| | - Vinay Bhardwaj
- Department of Bio-organic and Biological Chemistry, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv 61000, Ukraine; (A.B.); (V.B.)
| | - Anket Sharma
- Plant Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environment Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.K.K.); (A.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Namarta Kalia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India;
| | - Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food & Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Plant Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environment Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.K.K.); (A.S.)
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15
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Huskova Z, Steigerova J, Oklestkova J, Rarova L, Kolar Z, Strnad M. Molecular mechanisms of plant steroids and study of their interaction with nuclear receptors in prostate cancer cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 137:111164. [PMID: 32001316 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant hormone brassinosteroids (BRs) have multiple important functions in plants. They have also been found to exhibit anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic and anti-proliferative activity. The experimental part of this article describes the effects of BR biosynthetic precursors on prostate cancer cells. The experiments were performed with LNCaP and DU-145 prostate cancer cell lines. These were cultivated and treated with tested BRs in different concentrations and time intervals. The tested compounds were found to affect cell viability, nuclear receptor expression, cell cycle and apoptosis in the tumor cells. IC50 concentrations were determined based on MTT test and the two most active compounds (cathasterone and 6-oxocampestanol) were used in the next experiments. Cathasterone was the most effective of all tested compounds and effectively inhibited integrity of cell spheres. It was found that both BRs had no significant effect on the cell cycle in LNCaP at IC50 concentration, while in DU-145 a significant block in G0/G1 phase after the BR treatment was observed. The effect of BRs on the nuclear steroid receptors was manifested by changes in their expression and localization. BRs demonstrated their significant effect on prostate cancer cells and the compounds have potential used in anticancer drug research and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlata Huskova
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Steigerova
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Oklestkova
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Slechtitelu 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Rarova
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Slechtitelu 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Kolar
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Slechtitelu 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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16
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Kvasnica M, Buchtova K, Budesinsky M, Beres T, Rarova L, Strnad M. Synthesis, characterization and antiproliferative activity of seco analogues of brassinosteroids. Steroids 2019; 146:1-13. [PMID: 30885649 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and structure-activity relationship analysis of a two groups of 2,3-seco analogues of brassinosteroids (BRs) were performed to examine their antiproliferative activities. Two steroid skeletons were chosen for the preparation of seco analogues - cholestane and stigmastane. The synthetic strategy consists of multistep reactions and detailed analysis of compounds prepared. We have discovered unpublished behaviour of 2,3-seco-2,3-dihydroxy-6-ketones leading to formation of intramolecular ketal with two new steroidal rings. Their reaction intermediates were also characterized in some cases. All compounds prepared were fully characterized with NMR and MS techniques. Most of compounds were tested for in vitro cytotoxicity on three cancer cell lines (CEM, MCF7, and HeLa) and normal human fibroblasts (BJ). It was discovered that some seco analogues caused apoptosis in cancer cells. The most promising seco derivative 28 proved to have high therapeutic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Kvasnica
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Katerina Buchtova
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Budesinsky
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tibor Beres
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Central Laboratories and Research Support, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Rarova
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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17
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Banerjee IA, Fath KR, Frayne SH, Hugo MM, Cohen B. Development of self-assembled phytosterol based nanoassemblies as vehicles for enhanced uptake of doxorubicin to HeLa cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 97:451-460. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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18
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Di Gioia F, Petropoulos SA. Phytoestrogens, phytosteroids and saponins in vegetables: Biosynthesis, functions, health effects and practical applications. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2019; 90:351-421. [PMID: 31445599 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are non-steroidal secondary metabolites with similarities in structure and biological activities with human estrogens divided into various classes of compounds, including lignans, isoflavones, ellagitannins, coumestans and stilbenes. Similarly, phytosteroids are steroidal compounds of plant origin which have estrogenic effects and can act as agonists, antagonists, or have a mixed agonistic/antagonistic activity to animal steroid receptors. On the other hand, saponins are widely distributed plant glucosides divided into triterpenoid and steroidal saponins that contribute to plant defense mechanism against herbivores. They present a great variation from a structural point of view, including compounds from different classes. In this chapter, the main vegetable sources of these compounds will be presented, while details regarding their biosynthesis and plant functions will be also discussed. Moreover, considering the significant bioactive properties that these compounds exhibit, special focus will be given on their health effects, either beneficial or adverse. The practical applications of these compounds in agriculture and phytomedicine will be also demonstrated, as well as the future prospects for related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Gioia
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Spyridon A Petropoulos
- Department of Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece.
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19
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Sharma A, Rather GA, Misra P, Dhar MK, Lattoo SK. Gene Silencing and Over-Expression Studies in Concurrence With Promoter Specific Elicitations Reveal the Central Role of WsCYP85A69 in Biosynthesis of Triterpenoids in Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:842. [PMID: 31333694 PMCID: PMC6624744 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) synthesizes a wide spectrum of triterpenoids that are produced via an intricate isoprenoid pathway whose biosynthetic and regulatory mechanism remains elusive. Their pharmacological examination position them as potent bioactive molecules, hence demanding their copious production. Previous investigations have revealed that P450 monooxygenases are pivotal enzymes involved in the biosynthetic machinery of various metabolites and assist in decorating their core skeletal structures. The present study entails the isolation and functional characterization of castasterone synthase (CYP85A69) from W. somnifera. The full length WsCYP85A69, having an open reading frame of 1413 bp, encodes 470 amino acid residues. Further, in vitro conversion of 6-deoxocastasterone into castasterone validated its oxidative functionality. Product formation was confirmed using LC-PDA-MS with a m/z value of 506 [M+ACN]+. In planta transient over-expression of WsCYP85A69 significantly enhanced castasterone, stigmasterol and withanolides (WS-I, WS-II, WS-III). Artificial micro-RNA mediated silencing of WsCYP85A69 resulted in the reduced accumulation of castasterone, stigmasterol and withanolides (WS-I, WS-II, WS-III). Altogether, these non-complementary approaches plausibly suggest a key role of WsCYP85A69 in the biosynthesis of castasterone and the accumulation of withanolides and stigmasterol. Furthermore, a promoter analysis of WsCYP85A69 resulted in the identification of several potential cis-regulatory elements. Elicitations, given on the basis of identified cis-regulatory elements, demonstrated methyl jasmonate as an effective inducer of WsCYP85A69. Overall, these empirical findings suggest that functional characterization of WsCYP85A69 may conceivably be helpful to unravel the mechanism of brassinosteroids biosynthesis and could also pave the way for targeted metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Sharma
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Gulzar A. Rather
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Prashant Misra
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Manoj K. Dhar
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
- *Correspondence: Manoj K. Dhar,
| | - Surrinder K. Lattoo
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
- Surrinder K. Lattoo, ;
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20
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Dang X, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Chen P, Liu J, Yao X, Lei B. Steroids-specific target library for steroids target prediction. Steroids 2018; 140:83-91. [PMID: 30296544 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Steroids exist universally and play critical roles in various biological processes. Identifying potential targets of steroids is of great significance in studying their physiological and biochemical activities, the side effects and for drug repurposing. Herein, aiming at more precise steroids targets prediction, a steroids-specific target library integrating 3325 PDB or homology modeling structures categorized into 196 proteins was built by considering chemical similarity from DrugBank and biological processes from KEGG. The main properties of this library include: (1) It was manually prepared and checked to eliminate mistakes. (2) The library enriched the possible steroids targets and could decrease the false positives of structure-based target screening for steroids. (3) The ranking by protein name instead of PDB ID could make the screening more efficiency and precise. (4) Protein flexibility was taken into account partially by the different active conformations through the structural redundancy of each category of protein, which leads to more accurate prediction. The case studies of glycocholic acid and 24-epibrassinolide proved its powerful predictive accuracy. In summary, our strategy to build the steroids-specific protein library for steroids target prediction is a promising approach and it provides a novel idea for the target prediction of small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Dang
- Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanzhuo Zhou
- Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peizi Chen
- Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources & Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Beilei Lei
- Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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Rárová L, Sedlák D, Oklestkova J, Steigerová J, Liebl J, Zahler S, Bartůněk P, Kolář Z, Kohout L, Kvasnica M, Strnad M. The novel brassinosteroid analog BR4848 inhibits angiogenesis in human endothelial cells and induces apoptosis in human cancer cells in vitro. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 178:263-271. [PMID: 29307714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and detailed biological study of the synthetic brassinosteroid analog 2α,3α-dihydroxy-6-oxo-5α-androstan-17β-yl N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-D,L-valinate (BR4848). The panel of cancer cell lines was used for characterization of its antiproliferative activity, yet had no adverse effects in normal human fibroblasts. In HeLa cells, BR4848-induced apoptosis was accompanied by increase of apoptotic subG1 cells, PARP-1 and caspase-7 fragmentation, downregulation of Bcl-2 and Mcl-1, an increase in caspase activity and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. Antiproliferative properties of BR4848 were exhibited by inhibition of phosphorylation of Akt, Erk1/2 and FAK. Furthermore, the developed analog exhibited in vitro antiangiogenic activity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). BR4848-induced apoptosis accompanied with G2/M arrest was detected in endothelial cells. BR4848 also inhibited adhesion, tube formation and migration of endothelial cells by inhibition of FAK, Erk 1/2, CDK5, VEGFR2, TNFα-stimulated production of IL-6, angiopoietin-2 and Jagged1. Finally, BR4848 did not modulate the activity nor nuclear translocation of any of the steroid receptors (ERα, ERβ, AR, MR and PR) included in reporter cell-based assays, which excludes the genomic activity of steroid receptors as a contributing factor to the observed biological activities of BR4848.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Rárová
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - David Sedlák
- CZ-OPENSCREEN: National Infrastructure for Chemical Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Praha 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Oklestkova
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Steigerová
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 5, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Institute of Molecular and Translation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and Faculty Hospital in Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Johanna Liebl
- Department of Pharmacy, LMU Munich - Center for Drug Research - Pharmaceutical Biology, Butenandtstr. 5-13, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Stefan Zahler
- Department of Pharmacy, LMU Munich - Center for Drug Research - Pharmaceutical Biology, Butenandtstr. 5-13, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Petr Bartůněk
- CZ-OPENSCREEN: National Infrastructure for Chemical Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Kolář
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 5, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Institute of Molecular and Translation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and Faculty Hospital in Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Kohout
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Kvasnica
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Enantiospecific tritium labeling of 28-homocastasterone. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2017; 60:176-182. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Kisselev PA, Panibrat OV, Sysa AR, Anisovich MV, Zhabinskii VN, Khripach VA. Flow-cytometric analysis of reactive oxygen species in cancer cells under treatment with brassinosteroids. Steroids 2017; 117:11-15. [PMID: 27343978 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To explore the underlying mechanism of cancer cell growth inhibition by brassinosteroids (BS), reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation under treatment with 28-homocastasterone and its synthetic derivatives (22S,23S)-28-homocastasterone was measured in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells. BS induced ROS generation in A549 cells and their growth in a time and dose-dependent manner. The maximal effect was observed for (22S,23S)-28-homocastasterone which at 30μM concentration showed a 6-fold increase of ROS generation in comparison with the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyotr A Kisselev
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich str., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Olesya V Panibrat
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich str., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Aliaksei R Sysa
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich str., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Marina V Anisovich
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich str., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Vladimir N Zhabinskii
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich str., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Vladimir A Khripach
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich str., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus
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Rárová L, Steigerová J, Kvasnica M, Bartůněk P, Křížová K, Chodounská H, Kolář Z, Sedlák D, Oklestkova J, Strnad M. Structure activity relationship studies on cytotoxicity and the effects on steroid receptors of AB-functionalized cholestanes. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 159:154-69. [PMID: 26976651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationship analysis and profiling of a library of AB-functionalized cholestane derivatives closely related to brassinosteroids (BRs) were performed to examine their antiproliferative activities and activities on steroid hormone receptors. Some of the compounds were found to have strong cytotoxic activity in several human normal and cancer cell lines. The presence of a 3-hydroxy or 3-oxo group and 2,3-vicinal diol or 3,4-vicinal diol moiety were found to be necessary for optimum biological activity, as well as a six-membered B ring. According to the profiling of all steroid receptors in both agonist and antagonist mode, the majority of the cholestanes were weakly active or inactive compared to the natural ligands. Estrogenic activity was detected for two compounds, two compounds possessed antagonistic properties on estrogen receptors and seven compounds showed agonistic activity. Two active cholestane derivatives were shown to strongly influence cell viability, proliferation, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis and molecular pathways responsible for these processes in hormone-sensitive/insensitive (MCF7/MDA-MB-468) breast cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Rárová
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Steigerová
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Institute of Molecular and Translation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and Faculty Hospital in Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Kvasnica
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Bartůněk
- CZ-OPENSCREEN: National Infrastructure for Chemical Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Praha 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Kateřina Křížová
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Institute of Molecular and Translation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and Faculty Hospital in Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Chodounská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdeněk Kolář
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - David Sedlák
- CZ-OPENSCREEN: National Infrastructure for Chemical Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Praha 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Oklestkova
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Epibrassinolide alters PI3K/MAPK signaling axis via activating Foxo3a-induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2015; 338:10-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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26
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Greenwell M, Rahman P. Medicinal Plants: Their Use in Anticancer Treatment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES AND RESEARCH 2015; 6:4103-4112. [PMID: 26594645 PMCID: PMC4650206 DOI: 10.13040/ijpsr.0975-8232.6(10).4103-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Globally cancer is a disease which severely effects the human population. There is a constant demand for new therapies to treat and prevent this life-threatening disease. Scientific and research interest is drawing its attention towards naturally-derived compounds as they are considered to have less toxic side effects compared to current treatments such as chemotherapy. The Plant Kingdom produces naturally occurring secondary metabolites which are being investigated for their anticancer activities leading to the development of new clinical drugs. With the success of these compounds that have been developed into staple drugs for cancer treatment new technologies are emerging to develop the area further. New technologies include nanoparticles for nano-medicines which aim to enhance anticancer activities of plant-derived drugs by controlling the release of the compound and investigating new methods for administration. This review discusses the demand for naturally-derived compounds from medicinal plants and their properties which make them targets for potential anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P.K.S.M. Rahman
- Address for correspondence: School of Science and Engineering, Teesside University, Middlesbrough –TS13BA, Cleveland, United Kingdom.
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27
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Obakan P, Barrero C, Coker-Gurkan A, Arisan ED, Merali S, Palavan-Unsal N. SILAC-Based Mass Spectrometry Analysis Reveals That Epibrassinolide Induces Apoptosis via Activating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Prostate Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135788. [PMID: 26353013 PMCID: PMC4564160 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epibrassinolide (EBR) is a polyhydroxylated sterol derivative and biologically active compound of the brassinosteroids. In addition to well-described roles in plant growth, EBR induces apoptosis in the LNCaP prostate cancer cells expressing functional androgen receptor (AR). Therefore, it is suggested that EBR might have an inhibitory potential on androgen receptor signaling pathway. However, the mechanism by which EBR exerts its effects on LNCaP is poorly understood. To address this gap in knowledge, we used an unbiased global proteomics approach, i.e., stable-isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC). In total, 964 unique proteins were identified, 160 of which were differentially expressed after 12 h of EBR treatment. The quantification of the differentially expressed proteins revealed that the expression of the unfolded protein response (UPR) chaperone protein, calreticulin (CALR), was dramatically downregulated. The decrease in CALR expression was also validated by immunoblotting. Because our data revealed the involvement of the UPR in response to EBR exposure, we evaluated the expression of the other UPR proteins. We demonstrated that EBR treatment downregulated calnexin and upregulated BiP and IRE1α expression levels and induced CHOP translocation from the cytoplasm to nucleus. The translocation of CHOP was associated with caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation after a 12 h EBR treatment. Co-treatment of EBR with rapamycin, an upstream mTOR pathway inhibitor, prevented EBR-induced cell viability loss and PARP cleavage in LNCaP prostate cancer cells, suggesting that EBR could induce ER stress in these cells. In addition, we observed similar results in DU145 cells with nonfunctional androgen receptor. When proteasomal degradation of proteins was blocked by MG132 co-treatment, EBR treatment further induced PARP cleavage relative to drug treatment alone. EBR also induced Ca2+ sequestration, which confirmed the alteration of the ER pathway due to drug treatment. Therefore, we suggest that EBR promotes ER stress and induces apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Obakan
- Istanbul Kultur University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atakoy Campus, Bakirkoy, Istanbul-Turkey
- * E-mail:
| | - Carlos Barrero
- Department of Biochemistry, Temple University School of Medicine, Fels Institute, 3307 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ajda Coker-Gurkan
- Istanbul Kultur University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atakoy Campus, Bakirkoy, Istanbul-Turkey
| | - Elif Damla Arisan
- Istanbul Kultur University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atakoy Campus, Bakirkoy, Istanbul-Turkey
| | - Salim Merali
- Department of Biochemistry, Temple University School of Medicine, Fels Institute, 3307 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Narcin Palavan-Unsal
- Istanbul Kultur University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atakoy Campus, Bakirkoy, Istanbul-Turkey
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Zhabinskii VN, Khripach NB, Khripach VA. Steroid plant hormones: effects outside plant kingdom. Steroids 2015; 97:87-97. [PMID: 25217849 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BS) are the first group of steroid-hormonal compounds isolated from and acting in plants. Among numerous physiological effects of BS growth stimulation and adaptogenic activities are especially remarkable. In this review, we provide evidence that BS possess similar types of activity also beyond plant kingdom at concentrations comparable with those for plants. This finding allows looking at steroids from a new point of view: how common are the mechanisms of steroid bioregulation in different types of organisms from protozoa to higher animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Zhabinskii
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich St., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Natalia B Khripach
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich St., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Vladimir A Khripach
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich St., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus
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Obakan P, Arisan ED, Coker-Gurkan A, Palavan-Unsal N. Epibrassinolide-induced apoptosis regardless of p53 expression via activating polyamine catabolic machinery, a common target for androgen sensitive and insensitive prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2014; 74:1622-33. [PMID: 25214240 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epibrassinolide (EBR), is a member of the brassinosteroids (BR), has been shown as an apoptotic inducer in different cancer cell lines. We previously showed that EBR induced apoptosis by activating polyamine catabolic pathway, which lead to the accumulation of cytotoxic compounds such as hydrogen peroxide and aldehydes in LNCaP and DU 145 prostate cancer cells. However, we found that LNCaP prostate cancer cells expressing functional androgen receptor (AR) was found more sensitive to EBR than those with non-functional AR (DU 145 cells). RESULTS To better understand the apoptotic effect of EBR, we aimed to investigate the cellular responses in p53 null, PC3 prostate cancer cells. We showed that EBR induced mitochondria-mediated and caspase-dependent apoptosis in wt and p53 stable transfected PC3 cells, which suggesting that EBR-induced apoptosis regardless of p53 expression. In addition, inhibition of p53 by pifithrin-α orthe activation of Mdm2 by Nutlin-3 co-treatment did not alter EBR induced PARP cleavage. Furthermore, EBR treatment was also induced apoptosis in both LNCaP(wt p53) and DU 145 (mt p53)cells, respectively. These all findings verified that EBR-induced apoptosis regardless of p53 expression. The PA catabolic pathway was also altered in PC3 cells causing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and intracellular PA pool decrease. However, the silencing of spermidine-spermineacetyltransferase (SSAT), a key enzyme at polyamine catabolic machinery prevented the EBR-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, we concluded that EBR-induced apoptosis was mainly related with PA catabolic pathway and independent from p53 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Obakan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Kultur University, Atakoy Campus, Bakirkoy, Istanbul, Turkey
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30
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Kvasnica M, Oklestkova J, Bazgier V, Rarova L, Berka K, Strnad M. Biological activities of new monohydroxylated brassinosteroid analogues with a carboxylic group in the side chain. Steroids 2014; 85:58-64. [PMID: 24769247 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Thirteen monohydroxylated brassinosteroids analogues were synthesized and tested for their biological activity in plant and animal systems. The cytotoxic activity of the products was studied using human normal and cancer cell lines with 28-homocastasterone as positive control, their brassinolide type activity was established using the bean second-internode test with 24-epibrassinolide as standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Kvasnica
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Oklestkova
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Vaclav Bazgier
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, tř. 17. Listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Rarova
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Berka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Material, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. Listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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31
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Obakan P, Arisan ED, Calcabrini A, Agostinelli E, Bolkent S, Palavan-Unsal N. Activation of polyamine catabolic enzymes involved in diverse responses against epibrassinolide-induced apoptosis in LNCaP and DU145 prostate cancer cell lines. Amino Acids 2014; 46:553-64. [PMID: 23963538 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1574-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epibrassinolide (EBR) is a biologically active compound of the brassinosteroids, steroid-derived plant growth regulator family. Generally, brassinosteroids are known for their cell expansion and cell division-promoting roles. Recently, EBR was shown as a potential apoptotic inducer in various cancer cells without affecting the non-tumor cell growth. Androgen signaling controls cell proliferation through the interaction with the androgen receptor (AR) in the prostate gland. Initially, the development of prostate cancer is driven by androgens. However, in later stages, a progress to the androgen-independent stage is observed, resulting in metastatic prostate cancer. The androgen-responsive or -irresponsive cells are responsible for tumor heterogeneity, which is an obstacle to effective anti-cancer therapy. Polyamines are amine-derived organic compounds, known for their role in abnormal cell proliferation as well as during malignant transformation. Polyamine catabolism-targeting agents are being investigated against human cancers. Many chemotherapeutic agents including polyamine analogs have been demonstrated to induce polyamine catabolism that depletes polyamine levels and causes apoptosis in tumor models. In our study, we aimed to investigate the mechanism of apoptotic cell death induced by EBR, related with polyamine biosynthetic and catabolic pathways in LNCaP (AR+), DU145 (AR-) prostate cancer cell lines and PNT1a normal prostate epithelial cell line. Induction of apoptotic cell death was observed in prostate cancer cell lines after EBR treatment. In addition, EBR induced the decrease of intracellular polyamine levels, accompanied by a significant ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) down-regulation in each prostate cancer cell and also modulated ODC antizyme and antizyme inhibitor expression levels only in LNCaP cells. Catabolic enzymes SSAT and PAO expression levels were up-regulated in both cell lines; however, the specific SSAT and PAO siRNA treatments prevented the EBR-induced apoptosis only in LNCaP (AR+) cells. In a similar way, MDL 72,527, the specific PAO and SMO inhibitor, co-treatment with EBR during 24 h, reduced the formation of cleaved fragments of PARP in LNCaP (AR+) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Obakan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Kultur University, Atakoy Campus, Bakirkoy, 34156, Istanbul, Turkey
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Gupta A, Kumar BS, Negi AS. Current status on development of steroids as anticancer agents. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 137:242-70. [PMID: 23727548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Steroids are important biodynamic agents. Their affinities for various nuclear receptors have been an interesting feature to utilize them for drug development particularly for receptor mediated diseases. Steroid biochemistry and its crucial role in human physiology, has attained importance among the researchers. Recent years have seen an extensive focus on modification of steroids. The rational modifications of perhydrocyclopentanophenanthrene nucleus of steroids have yielded several important anticancer lead molecules. Exemestane, SR16157, fulvestrant and 2-methoxyestradiol are some of the successful leads emerged on steroidal pharmacophores. The present review is an update on some of the steroidal leads obtained during past 25 years. Various steroid based enzyme inhibitors, antiestrogens, cytotoxic conjugates and steroidal cytotoxic molecules of natural as well as synthetic origin have been highlighted. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Synthesis and biological testing of steroid derivatives as inhibitors".
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Gupta
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow 226015, U.P., India
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