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Han SY, Yu JE, You BH, Kim SY, Bae M, Chae HS, Chin YW, Hong SH, Lee JH, Jung SH, Choi YH. No Interference of H9 Extract on Trastuzumab Pharmacokinetics in Their Combinations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16677. [PMID: 38068999 PMCID: PMC10706748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Trastuzumab is used to treat breast cancer patients overexpressing human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, but resistance and toxicity limit its uses, leading to attention to trastuzumab combinations. Recently, the synergistic effect of trastuzumab and H9 extract (H9) combination against breast cancer has been reported. Because drug exposure determines its efficacy and toxicity, the question of whether H9 changes trastuzumab exposure in the body has been raised. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize trastuzumab pharmacokinetics and elucidate the effect of H9 on trastuzumab pharmacokinetics at a combination dose that shows synergism in mice. As a result, trastuzumab showed linear pharmacokinetics after its intravenous administration from 1 to 10 mg/kg. In the combination of trastuzumab and H9, single and 2-week treatments of oral H9 (500 mg/kg) did not influence trastuzumab pharmacokinetics. In the multiple-combination treatments of trastuzumab and H9 showing their synergistic effect (3 weeks of trastuzumab with 2 weeks of H9), the pharmacokinetic profile of trastuzumab was comparable to that of 3 weeks of trastuzumab alone. In tissue distribution, the tissue to plasma ratios of trastuzumab below 1.0 indicated its limited distributions within the tissues, and these patterns were unaffected by H9. These results suggest that the systemic and local exposures of trastuzumab are unchanged by single and multiple-combination treatments of H9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yon Han
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University_Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.H.); (J.-E.Y.); (B.H.Y.); (S.-Y.K.); (M.B.); (H.-S.C.)
| | - Jeong-Eun Yu
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University_Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.H.); (J.-E.Y.); (B.H.Y.); (S.-Y.K.); (M.B.); (H.-S.C.)
| | - Byoung Hoon You
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University_Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.H.); (J.-E.Y.); (B.H.Y.); (S.-Y.K.); (M.B.); (H.-S.C.)
| | - Seo-Yeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University_Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.H.); (J.-E.Y.); (B.H.Y.); (S.-Y.K.); (M.B.); (H.-S.C.)
| | - Mingoo Bae
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University_Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.H.); (J.-E.Y.); (B.H.Y.); (S.-Y.K.); (M.B.); (H.-S.C.)
| | - Hee-Sung Chae
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University_Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.H.); (J.-E.Y.); (B.H.Y.); (S.-Y.K.); (M.B.); (H.-S.C.)
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
| | - Soo-Hwa Hong
- Department of Korean Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Bundang Korean Medicine Hospital, Seongnam-si 13601, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ju-Hee Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju-si 38066, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.L.); (S.H.J.)
| | - Seung Hyun Jung
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju-si 38066, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.L.); (S.H.J.)
| | - Young Hee Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University_Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.H.); (J.-E.Y.); (B.H.Y.); (S.-Y.K.); (M.B.); (H.-S.C.)
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Naing S, Sandech N, Maiuthed A, Chongruchiroj S, Pratuangdejkul J, Lomarat P. Garcinia mangostana L. Pericarp Extract and Its Active Compound α-Mangostin as Potential Inhibitors of Immune Checkpoint Programmed Death Ligand-1. Molecules 2023; 28:6991. [PMID: 37836835 PMCID: PMC10574194 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Mangostin, a major xanthone found in mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L., Family Clusiaceae) pericarp, has been shown to exhibit anticancer effects through multiple mechanisms of action. However, its effects on immune checkpoint programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) have not been studied. This study investigated the effects of mangosteen pericarp extract and its active compound α-mangostin on PD-L1 by in vitro and in silico analyses. HPLC analysis showed that α-mangostin contained about 30% w/w of crude ethanol extract of mangosteen pericarp. In vitro experiments in MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells showed that α-mangostin and the ethanol extract significantly inhibit PD-L1 expression when treated for 72 h with 10 µM or 10 µg/mL, respectively, and partially inhibit glycosylation of PD-L1 when compared to untreated controls. In silico analysis revealed that α-mangostin effectively binds inside PD-L1 dimer pockets and that the complex was stable throughout the 100 ns simulation, suggesting that α-mangostin stabilized the dimer form that could potentially lead to degradation of PD-L1. The ADMET prediction showed that α-mangostin is lipophilic and has high plasma protein binding, suggesting its greater distribution to tissues and its ability to penetrate adipose tissue such as breast cancer. These findings suggest that α-mangostin-rich mangosteen pericarp extract could potentially be applied as a functional ingredient for cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandar Naing
- Department of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Nichawadee Sandech
- Centre of Biopharmaceutical Science for Healthy Ageing, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (N.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Arnatchai Maiuthed
- Centre of Biopharmaceutical Science for Healthy Ageing, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (N.S.); (A.M.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sumet Chongruchiroj
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (S.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Jaturong Pratuangdejkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (S.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Pattamapan Lomarat
- Department of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
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3
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Kim SY, You BH, Bae M, Han SY, Jung K, Choi YH. Improved Pharmacokinetic Feasibilities of Mirabegron-1,2-Ethanedisulfonic Acid, Mirabegron-1,5-Naphthalenedisulfonic Acid, and Mirabegron-L-Pyroglutamic Acid as Co-Amorphous Dispersions in Rats and Mice. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2277. [PMID: 37765246 PMCID: PMC10536516 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mirabegron (MBR) is a β3-adrenoceptor agonist used for treating overactive bladder syndrome. Due to its poor solubility and low bioavailability (F), the development of novel MBR formulations has garnered increasing attention. Recently, co-amorphous dispersions of MBR, such as MBR-1,2-ethanedisulfonic acid (MBR-EFA), MBR-1,5-naphthalenedisulfonic acid (MBR-NDA), and MBR-L-pyroglutamic acid (MBR-PG), have been developed, showing improved solubility and thermodynamic stability. Nevertheless, the pharmacokinetic feasibility of these co-amorphous dispersions has not been evaluated. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles of MBR-EFA, MBR-NDA, and MBR-PG in rats and mice. Our results exhibited that relative F24h and AUC0-24h values of MBR in MBR-EFA, MBR-NDA, and MBR-PG rats were increased by 143-195% compared with the MBR rats. The absolute F24h, relative F24h, and AUC0-24h values of MBR in MBR-EFA and MBR-NDA mice were enhanced by 178-234% compared with the MBR mice. In tissue distribution, MBR was extensively distributed in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidneys, lung, and heart of mice. Notably, MBR distribution in the liver, kidneys, and lung was considerably high in MBR-EFA, MBR-NDA, or MBR-PG mice compared with MBR mice. These findings highlight the potential of these co-amorphous dispersions to enhance oral F of MBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Yeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University_Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (B.H.Y.); (M.B.); (S.Y.H.)
| | - Byung Hoon You
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University_Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (B.H.Y.); (M.B.); (S.Y.H.)
| | - Mingoo Bae
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University_Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (B.H.Y.); (M.B.); (S.Y.H.)
| | - Seung Yon Han
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University_Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (B.H.Y.); (M.B.); (S.Y.H.)
| | - Kiwon Jung
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Oncobix Co., Ltd., 120 Heungdeokjungang-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 16950, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hee Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University_Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (B.H.Y.); (M.B.); (S.Y.H.)
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Yu JE, You BH, Bae M, Han SY, Jung K, Choi YH. Evaluation of Pharmacokinetic Feasibility of Febuxostat/L-pyroglutamic Acid Cocrystals in Rats and Mice. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2167. [PMID: 37631381 PMCID: PMC10459842 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Febuxostat (FBX), a selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor, belongs to BCS class II, showing low solubility and high permeability with a moderate F value (<49%). Recently, FBX/L-pyroglutamic acid cocrystal (FBX-PG) was developed with an improving 4-fold increase of FBX solubility. Nevertheless, the in vivo pharmacokinetic properties of FBX-PG have not been evaluated yet. Therefore, the pharmacokinetic feasibility of FBX in FBX- and FBX-PG-treated rats and mice was compared in this study. The results showed that the bioavailability (F) values of FBX were 210% and 159% in FBX-PG-treated rats and mice, respectively. The 2.10-fold greater total area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0-inf) of FBX was due to the increased absorption [i.e., 2.60-fold higher the first peak plasma concentration (Cmax,1) at 15 min] and entero-hepatic circulation of FBX [i.e., 1.68-fold higher the second peak plasma concentration (Cmax,2) at 600 min] in FBX-PG-treated rats compared to the FBX-treated rats. The 1.59-fold greater AUC0-inf of FBX was due to a 1.65-fold higher Cmax,1 at 5 min, and a 1.15-fold higher Cmax,2 at 720 min of FBX in FBX-PG-treated mice compared to those in FBX-treated mice. FBX was highly distributed in the liver, stomach, small intestine, and lungs in both groups of mice, and the FBX distributions to the liver and lungs were increased in FBX-PG-treated mice compared to FBX-treated mice. The results suggest the FBX-PG has a suitable pharmacokinetic profile of FBX for improving its oral F value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Eun Yu
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University_Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (J.-E.Y.); (B.H.Y.); (M.B.); (S.Y.H.)
| | - Byoung Hoon You
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University_Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (J.-E.Y.); (B.H.Y.); (M.B.); (S.Y.H.)
| | - Mingoo Bae
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University_Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (J.-E.Y.); (B.H.Y.); (M.B.); (S.Y.H.)
| | - Seung Yon Han
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University_Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (J.-E.Y.); (B.H.Y.); (M.B.); (S.Y.H.)
| | - Kiwon Jung
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Oncobix Co., Ltd., 120 Heungdeokjungang-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 16950, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hee Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University_Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (J.-E.Y.); (B.H.Y.); (M.B.); (S.Y.H.)
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Kwon EB, Moon DO, Oh ES, Song YN, Park JY, Ryu HW, Kim DY, Chin YW, Lee HS, Lee SU, Kim MO. Garcinia mangostana Suppresses Triacylglycerol Synthesis in Hepatocytes and Enterocytes. J Med Food 2023. [PMID: 37566462 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.k.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) and pancreatic lipase (PL) activities is important in the treatment of triacylglycerol (TG)-related metabolic diseases. Garcinia mangostana, also known as mangosteen, is a traditional medicine ingredient used in the treatment of inflammation in Southeast Asia. In this study, The ethanolic extract of G. mangostana peel inhibited human recombinant DGAT1 and DGAT2, and PL enzyme activities in vitro. The inhibitory activity of DGAT1 and DGAT2 enzymes of four representative bioactive substances in mangosteen was confirmed. In addition, G. mangostana was confirmed to suppress the serum TG levels in C57 mice by inhibiting the absorption and synthesis of TG in the gastrointestinal tract. Through this study, it was revealed that G. mangostana extract could be useful for the prevention and amelioration of TG-related metabolic diseases such as obesity and fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Bin Kwon
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea
| | - Dong-Oh Moon
- Department of Biology Education, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Eun Sol Oh
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea
- Departments of Biological Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yu Na Song
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea
- Departments of Biological Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Park
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyung Won Ryu
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea
| | - Doo-Young Kim
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Korea
| | - Hyun-Sun Lee
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea
| | - Su Ui Lee
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea
| | - Mun-Ock Kim
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea
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Alam M, Rashid S, Fatima K, Adnan M, Shafie A, Akhtar MS, Ganie AH, Eldin SM, Islam A, Khan I, Hassan MI. Biochemical features and therapeutic potential of α-Mangostin: Mechanism of action, medicinal values, and health benefits. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114710. [PMID: 37141737 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Mangostin (α-MG) is a natural xanthone obtained from the pericarps of mangosteen. It exhibits excellent potential, including anti-cancer, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, and induces apoptosis. α-MG controls cell proliferation by modulating signaling molecules, thus implicated in cancer therapy. It possesses incredible pharmacological features and modulates crucial cellular and molecular factors. Due to its lesser water solubility and pitiable target selectivity, α-MG has limited clinical application. As a known antioxidant, α-MG has gained significant attention from the scientific community, increasing interest in extensive technical and biomedical applications. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems were designed to improve the pharmacological features and efficiency of α-MG. This review is focused on recent developments on the therapeutic potential of α-MG in managing cancer and neurological diseases, with a special focus on its mechanism of action. In addition, we highlighted biochemical and pharmacological features, metabolism, functions, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant effects and pre-clinical applications of α-MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzar Alam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, PO Box 173, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kisa Fatima
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, PO Box 2440, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Shafie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Salman Akhtar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
| | - A H Ganie
- Basic Sciences Department, College of Science and Theoretical Studies, Saudi Electronic University, Abha Male 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed M Eldin
- Center of Research, Faculty of Engineering, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Ilyas Khan
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
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Setyawati LU, Nurhidayah W, Khairul Ikram NK, Mohd Fuad WE, Muchtaridi M. General toxicity studies of alpha mangostin from Garcinia mangostana: A systematic review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16045. [PMID: 37215800 PMCID: PMC10196863 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha mangostin (AM), the main xanthone derivative contained in mangosteen pericarp (Garcinia mangostana/GM), has many pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antiproliferation, antiinflammatory, and anticancer. Several general toxicity studies of AM have been previously reported to assess the safety profile of AM. Toxicity studies were carried out by various methods such as on test animals, interventions, and various routes of administration, but the test results have not been well documented. Our study aimed to systematically summarizes research on the safety profile of GM containing AM through general toxicity tests to get the LD50 and NOAEL values, and so, can be used as a database related to AM toxicity profiles. This could facilitate other researchers in determining further development of GM-or-AM-based products. Pubmed, Google scholar, ScienceDirect, and EBSCO were chosen to collect the articles while ARRIVE 2.0 was used to evaluate the quality and risk-of-bias of the in vivo toxicity studies included in this systematic review. A total of 20 articles met the eligibility criteria and were reviewed to predict the LD50 and NOAEL of AM. The results showed that the LD50 of AM is between >15.480 mg/kgBW to ≤6000 mg/kgBW while the NOAEL value is between <100 and ≤2000 mg/kgBW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luthfi Utami Setyawati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363 Sumedang, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Centre for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia
| | - Wiwit Nurhidayah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363 Sumedang, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Centre for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia
| | - Nur Kusaira Khairul Ikram
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Ezumi Mohd Fuad
- Programme of Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, USM Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363 Sumedang, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Centre for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia
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Bi C, Xu H, Yu J, Ding Z, Liu Z. Botanical characteristics, chemical components, biological activity, and potential applications of mangosteen. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15329. [PMID: 37187523 PMCID: PMC10178281 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Garcinia mangostana L. (Mangosteen), a functional food, belongs to the Garcinaceae family and has various pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, and neuroprotective effects. Mangosteen has abundant chemical constituents with powerful pharmacological effects. After searching scientific literature databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, Research Gate, Web of Science, VIP, Wanfang, and CNKI, we summarized the traditional applications, botanical features, chemical composition, and pharmacological effects of mangosteen. Further, we revealed the mechanism by which it improves health and treats disease. These findings provide a theoretical basis for mangosteen's future clinical use and will aid doctors and researchers who investigate the biological activity and functions of food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Bi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Hang Xu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jingru Yu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zhinan Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China
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John OD, Mushunje AT, Surugau N, Guad RM. The metabolic and molecular mechanisms of α‑mangostin in cardiometabolic disorders (Review). Int J Mol Med 2022; 50:120. [PMID: 35904170 PMCID: PMC9354700 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
α-mangostin is a xanthone predominantly encountered in Garcinia mangostana. Extensive research has been carried out concerning the effects of this compound on various diseases, including obesity, cancer and metabolic disorders. The present review suggests that α-mangostin exerts promising anti-obesity, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on various pathways in cardiometabolic diseases. The anti-obesity effects of α-mangostin include the reduction of body weight and adipose tissue size, the increase in fatty acid oxidation, the activation of hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase and Sirtuin-1, and the reduction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ expression. Hepatoprotective effects have been revealed, due to reduced fibrosis through transforming growth factor-β 1 pathways, reduced apoptosis and steatosis through reduced sterol regulatory-element binding proteins expression. The antidiabetic effects include decreased fasting blood glucose levels, improved insulin sensitivity and the increased expression of GLUT transporters in various tissues. Cardioprotection is exhibited through the restoration of cardiac functions and structure, improved mitochondrial functions, the promotion of M2 macrophage populations, reduced endothelial and cardiomyocyte apoptosis and fibrosis, and reduced acid sphingomyelinase activity and ceramide depositions. The antioxidant effects of α-mangostin are mainly related to the modulation of antioxidant enzymes, the reduction of oxidative stress markers, the reduction of oxidative damage through a reduction in Sirtuin 3 expression mediated by phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α signaling pathways, and to the increase in Nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1 expression levels. The anti-inflammatory effects of α-mangostin include its modulation of nuclear factor-κB related pathways, the suppression of mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, increased macrophage polarization to M2, reduced inflammasome occurrence, increased Sirtuin 1 and 3 expression, the reduced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, the production of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2, the reduced expression of Toll-like receptors and reduced proinflammatory cytokine levels. These effects demonstrate that α-mangostin may possess the properties required for a suitable candidate compound for the management of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Dean John
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Annals Tatenda Mushunje
- Faculty of Science, Asia‑Pacific International University, Muak Lek, Saraburi 18180, Thailand
| | - Noumie Surugau
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Rhanye Mac Guad
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
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10
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Chang TY, Lan KC, Hua KT, Liu SH. In vitro genotoxicity assessment and 28-day repeated dose oral toxicity study of steady-calcium formula in rats. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:834-841. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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11
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Abate M, Pagano C, Masullo M, Citro M, Pisanti S, Piacente S, Bifulco M. Mangostanin, a Xanthone Derived from Garcinia mangostana Fruit, Exerts Protective and Reparative Effects on Oxidative Damage in Human Keratinocytes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15010084. [PMID: 35056141 PMCID: PMC8780152 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The fruit of Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen) is known in ancient traditional Asian medicine for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and anticancer activities. These effects are mainly due to the action of polyphenols known as xanthones, which are contained in the pericarp of the fruit. In recent years, there has been a growing interest from pharmaceutical companies in formulating new topicals based on mangosteen full extracts to prevent skin aging. However, the molecules responsible for these effects and the mechanisms involved have not been investigated so far. Here, the arils and shells of Garcinia mangostana were extracted with chloroform and methanol, and the extracts were further purified to yield 12 xanthone derivatives. Their effects were evaluated using in vitro cultures of human epidermal keratinocytes. After confirming the absence of cytotoxicity, we evaluated the antioxidant potential of these compounds, identifying mangostanin as capable of both protecting and restoring oxidative damage induced by H2O2. We showed how mangostanin, by reducing the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), prevents the activation of AKT (protein kinase B), ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase), p53, and other cellular pathways underlying cell damage and apoptosis activation. In conclusion, our study is the first to demonstrate that mangostanin is effective in protecting the skin from the action of free radicals, thus preventing skin aging, confirming a potential toward its development in the nutraceutical and cosmeceutical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Abate
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (M.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Cristina Pagano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Milena Masullo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Marianna Citro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (M.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Simona Pisanti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (M.A.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (M.B.); Tel.: +39-081-7462200 (M.B.); Fax: +39-081-7460000 (M.B.)
| | - Sonia Piacente
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Maurizio Bifulco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (M.B.); Tel.: +39-081-7462200 (M.B.); Fax: +39-081-7460000 (M.B.)
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12
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Nauman MC, Johnson JJ. The purple mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana): Defining the anticancer potential of selected xanthones. Pharmacol Res 2022; 175:106032. [PMID: 34896543 PMCID: PMC9597473 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The purple mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) is a popular Southeast Asian fruit that has been used traditionally for its health promoting benefits for years. Unique to the mangosteen are a class of phytochemicals known as xanthones that have been reported to display significant anti-cancer and anti-tumor activities, specifically through the promotion of apoptosis, targeting of specific cancer-related proteins, or modulation of cell signaling pathways. α-Mangostin, the most abundant xanthone isolated from the mangosteen, has received substantial attention as it has proven to be a potent phytochemical, specifically as an anticancer agent, in numerous different cancer cell studies and cancer animal models. While the mechanisms for these anticancer effects have been reported in many studies, lesser xanthones, including gartanin, β-mangostin, γ-mangostin, garcinone C, and garcinone E, and mangosteen extracts from the pericarp, roots, rind, and stem show promise for their anticancer activity but their mechanisms of action are not as well developed and remain to be determined. Mangosteen products appear safe and have been well tolerated in human clinical trials where they show antioxidant activity, though their clinical anticancer activity has not yet been evaluated. This review summarizes the work that has been done to explore and explain the anticancer and antitumor activities of α-mangostin, lesser xanthones, and mangosteen extracts in vitro, in vivo, and in humans in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirielle C Nauman
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, USA
| | - Jeremy J Johnson
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, USA.
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Meylina L, Muchtaridi M, Joni IM, Mohammed AFA, Wathoni N. Nanoformulations of α-Mangostin for Cancer Drug Delivery System. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1993. [PMID: 34959275 PMCID: PMC8708633 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13121993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds are emerging as effective agents for the treatment of malignant diseases. The active constituent of α-mangostin from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana L. has earned significant interest as a plant base compound with anticancer properties. Despite α-mangostin's superior properties as an anticancer agent, its applications are limited due to its poor solubility and physicochemical stability, rapid systemic clearance, and low cellular uptake. Our review aimed to summarize and discuss the nanoparticle formulations of α-mangostin for cancer drug delivery systems from published papers recorded in Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. We investigated various types of α-mangostin nanoformulations to improve its anticancer efficacy by improving bioavailability, cellular uptake, and localization to specific areas These nanoformulations include nanofibers, lipid carrier nanostructures, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, nanomicelles, liposomes, and gold nanoparticles. Notably, polymeric nanoparticles and nanomicelles can increase the accumulation of α-mangostin into tumors and inhibit tumor growth in vivo. In addition, polymeric nanoparticles with the addition of target ligands can increase the cellular uptake of α-mangostin. In conclusion, nanoformulations of α-mangostin are a promising tool to enhance the cellular uptake, accumulation in cancer cells, and the efficacy of α-mangostin as a candidate for anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisna Meylina
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda 75119, Indonesia
| | - Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
| | - I Made Joni
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
- Functional Nano Powder University Center of Excellence, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | | | - Nasrul Wathoni
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
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You BH, BasavanaGowda MK, Lee JU, Chin YW, Choi WJ, Choi YH. Pharmacokinetic Properties of Moracin C in Mice. PLANTA MEDICA 2021; 87:642-651. [PMID: 33498088 DOI: 10.1055/a-1321-1519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Moracin C from Morus alba fruits, also known as the mulberry, has been proven to exhibit inhibitory activities against lipoxygenase enzymes, TNF-α and interleukin-1β secretion, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 expression. Despite the various pharmacological activities of moracin C, its pharmacokinetic characteristics have yet to be reported. Here, the pharmacokinetic parameters and tissue distribution of moracin C have been investigated in mice, and the plasma concentration of moracin C with multiple dosage regimens was simulated via pharmacokinetic modeling. Our results showed that moracin C was rapidly and well absorbed in the intestinal tract, and was highly distributed in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidneys, and lungs. Moracin C was distributed in the ileum, cecum, colon, and liver at a relatively high concentration compared with its plasma concentration. It was extensively metabolized in the liver and intestine, and its glucuronidated metabolites were proposed. In addition, the simulated plasma concentrations of moracin C upon multiple treatments (i.e., every 12 and 24 h) were suggested. We suggest that the pharmacokinetic characteristics of moracin C would be helpful to select a disease model for in vivo evaluation. The simulated moracin C concentrations under various dosage regimens also provide helpful knowledge to support its pharmacological effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Hoon You
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jae Un Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jun Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hee Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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15
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Tangphokhanon W, Pradidarcheep W, Lametschwandtner A. α-mangostin preserves hepatic microvascular architecture in fibrotic rats as shown by scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts. Biomed Rep 2021; 14:48. [PMID: 33859819 PMCID: PMC8042669 DOI: 10.3892/br.2021.1424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a dynamic condition caused by wound-healing in which scar tissue replaces the liver parenchyma following repetitive injuries. It is hypothesized that α-mangostin (AM), the major constituent of the xanthone fraction in extracts of Garcinia mangostana L., may protect the hepatic microvascular bed from thioacetamide (TAA)-induced fibrosis. In the present study, rats were divided into 4 groups: Control rats received no treatment; TAA-treated rats received 150 mg/kg TAA 3 times per week intraperitoneally; AM-treated rats received 75 mg/kg AM twice per week intraperitoneally; and TAA+AM-treated rats received both TAA and AM as described above. Rat livers were processed either for light microscopy or for vascular corrosion casting after 30 and 60 days of treatment. Vascular parameters were measured by 3D morphometry analysis of scanning electron micrographs. AM attenuated hepatocellular injuries and delayed both periportal and pericentral fibrosis in the TAA-treated rats. The comparison of findings at day 30 and 60 showed that TAA-induced fibrotic changes were progressive in time, and that the beneficial effects of AM only became apparent after prolonged treatment. The livers of rats treated with both TAA and AM had less space surrounding the portal vessels, improved preservation of the hepatic microvascular pattern, and minimally altered sinusoidal patterns with few signs of terminal portal venule remodeling. AM therefore partially protected the liver against hepatotoxin-induced fibrosis and the associated microvascular changes. The mechanism of the protective effect of AM on the liver remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasan Tangphokhanon
- Center of Excellence in Veterinary Biosciences, Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Wisuit Pradidarcheep
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Alois Lametschwandtner
- Department of Biosciences, Vascular and Exercise Biology Unit, University of Salzburg, Salzburg 5020, Austria
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16
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A review on α-mangostin as a potential multi-target-directed ligand for Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 897:173950. [PMID: 33607107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss, declining language skills and other cognitive disorders. AD has brought great mental and economic burden to patients, families and society. However due to the complexity of AD's pathology, drugs developed for the treatment of AD often fail in clinical or experimental trials. The main problems of current anti-AD drugs are low efficacy due to mono-target method or side effects, especially high hepatotoxicity. To tackle these two main problems, multi-target-directed ligand (MTDL) based on "one molecule, multiple targets" has been studied. MTDLs can regulate multiple biological targets at the same time, so it has shown higher efficacy, better safety. As a natural active small molecule, α-mangostin (α-M) has shown potential multi-factor anti-AD activities in a series of studies, furthermore it also has a certain hepatoprotective effect. The good availability of α-M also provides support for its application in clinical research. In this work, multiple activities of α-M related to AD therapy were reviewed, which included anti-cholinesterase, anti-amyloid-cascade, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, low toxicity, hepatoprotective effects and drug formulation. It shows that α-M is a promising candidate for the treatment of AD.
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Abstract
Abstract
Background
Alpha-mangostin has potential as a chemopreventive agent but there is little information on its toxicological profile and developmental toxicity.
Objective
We evaluated the effects of α-mangostin on embryonic development and hepatogenesis in zebrafish.
Result
Exposure of embryos to 0.25–4 μM α-mangostin from 4–120 h post-fertilization (hpf) caused mortality of embryos with LC50 1.48 ± 0.29 μM. The compound also caused deformities, including head malformation, pericardial oedema, absence of swim bladder, yolk oedema, and bent tail. Exposure of zebrafish embryos to α-mangostin during early hepatogenesis (16–72 hpf) decreased the transcript expression levels of liver fatty acid-binding protein 10a (Fabp10a), but increased gene markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. In Fabp10a:DsRed transgenic zebrafish, the intensity and the area of fluorescence in the liver of the treated group were decreased (non-significantly) relative to controls.
Conclusion
These effects were more marked during early hepatogenesis (16–72 hpf) than during post-hepatogenesis (72–120 hpf).
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Mangosteen Pericarp and Its Bioactive Xanthones: Potential Therapeutic Value in Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and Depression with Pharmacokinetic and Safety Profiles. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176211. [PMID: 32867357 PMCID: PMC7504283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and depression are growing burdens for society globally, partly due to a lack of effective treatments. Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.,) pericarp (MP) and its xanthones may provide therapeutic advantages for these disorders. In this review, we discuss potential therapeutic value of MP-derived agents in AD, PD, and depression with their pharmacokinetic and safety profiles. MP-derived agents have shown multifunctional effects including neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-neuroinflammatory actions. In addition, they target specific disease pathologies, such as amyloid beta production and deposition as well as cholinergic dysfunction in AD; α-synuclein aggregation in PD; and modulation of monoamine disturbance in depression. Particularly, the xanthone derivatives, including α-mangostin and γ-mangostin, exhibit potent pharmacological actions. However, low oral bioavailability and poor brain penetration may limit their therapeutic applications. These challenges can be overcome in part by administering as a form of MP extract (MPE) or using specific carrier systems. MPE and α-mangostin are generally safe and well-tolerated in animals. Furthermore, mangosteen-based products are safe for humans. Therefore, MPE and its bioactive xanthones are promising candidates for the treatment of AD, PD, and depression. Further studies including clinical trials are essential to decipher their efficacy, and pharmacokinetic and safety profiles in these disorders.
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Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar M, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Investigating the ameliorative effect of alpha-mangostin on development and existing pain in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Phytother Res 2020; 34:3211-3225. [PMID: 32592535 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mangosteen fruit has been used for various disorders, including pain. The effects of alpha-mangostin, the main component of mangosteen, on the neuropathic pain caused by chronic constriction injury (CCI) were evaluated in rats. In treatment groups, alpha-mangostin (10, 50, 100 mg/kg/day, i.p.) was administered from Day 0, the day of surgery, for 14 days. The degree of heat hyperalgesia, cold, and mechanical allodynia was assessed on Days 0, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14. The lumbar spinal cord levels of MDA, GSH, inflammatory markers (TLR-4, TNF-α, MMP2, COX2, IL-1β, iNOS, and NO), apoptotic markers (Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3) were measured by western blot on Days 7 and 14. Rats in the CCI group showed thermal hyperalgesia, cold, and mechanical allodynia on Days 3-14. All concentrations of alpha-mangostin alleviated CCI-induced behavioral alterations. MDA level augmented and GSH level decreased in the CCI group and alpha-mangostin (50, 100 mg/kg) reversed the alterations. An enhancement in the levels of all inflammatory markers, Bax, and caspase-3 was shown on Days 7 and 14, which was controlled by alpha-mangostin (50 mg/kg). The detected antinociceptive effects of alpha-mangostin may be mediated through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Anticancer and Antiangiogenic Activities of Novel α-Mangostin Glycosides in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells via Downregulation of c-Met and HIF-1α. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114043. [PMID: 32516967 PMCID: PMC7312821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer and is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Therefore, exploring effective anticancer agents and their modes of action is essential for the prevention and treatment of HCC. Glycosylation can significantly improve the physicochemical and biological properties of small molecules, such as high solubility, stability increase, and lower toxicity. In the present study, for the first time, we evaluated the anticancer and antiangiogenic activities of α-mangostin-3-O-β-D-2-deoxyglucopyranoside (Man-3DG) and α-mangostin 6-O-β-D-2-deoxyglucopyranoside (Man-6DG), glycosides of α-mangostin, against human HCC cells. Our results demonstrated that Man-3DG and Man-6DG significantly suppressed the growth of three different HCC cells (Hep3B, Huh7, and HepG2) as well as the migration of Hep3B cells. Furthermore, they induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phases and apoptotic cell death by regulating apoptosis-related proteins of mitochondria in Hep3B cells. Noticeably, Man-3DG and Man-6DG also caused autophagy, while co-treatment of the α-mangostin glycosides with an autophagy inhibitor 3-MA enhanced the inhibitory effect on Hep3B cell growth in comparison to single agent treatment. Moreover, Man-3DG and Man-6DG inhibited the c-Met signaling pathway that plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of HCC. Furthermore, the α-mangostin glycosides decreased Hep3B cell-induced angiogenesis in vitro through the downregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Notably, Man-6DG more effectively inhibited the growth, tumorsphere formation, and expression of cancer stemness regulators compared to α-mangostin and Man-3DG in 3D spheroid-cultured Hep3B cells. These findings suggest that the α-mangostin glycosides might be promising anticancer agents for HCC treatment with superior pharmacological properties than the parent molecule α-mangostin.
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Sequential delivery of nanoformulated α-mangostin and triptolide overcomes permeation obstacles and improves therapeutic effects in pancreatic cancer. Biomaterials 2020; 241:119907. [PMID: 32120315 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease exhibiting the poorest prognosis among solid tumors. The efficacy of conventional therapies has been hindered largely due to the insufficient chemotherapeutic delivery to the dense desmoplastic tumor stroma, and the extremely high or toxic dose needed for chemotherapy. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) contains effective components that can effectively regulate tumor microenvironment and kill tumor cells, providing promising alternatives to PDAC chemotherapy. In this study, two active drug monomers of TCM were screened out and a sequentially targeting delivery regimen was developed to realize the optimized combinational therapy. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays an indispensable role in promoting cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) activation and proliferation, and CAFs have caused major physical barriers for chemotherapeutic drug delivery. Herein, CAFs-targeting biodegradable polymer nanoparticle (CRE-NP(α-M)) coated with CREKA peptide and loaded with TCM α-mangostin (α-M) was developed to modulate tumor microenvironment by interfering of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Low pH-triggered micelle modified with CRPPR peptide and loaded with another TCM triptolide was constructed to increase the therapeutic effect of triptolide at the tumor sites and reduced its damage to main organs. As expected, CRE-NP(α-M) effectively inactived CAFs, reduced extracellular matrix production, promoted tumor vascular normalization and enhanced blood perfusion at the tumor site. The sequentially targeting drug delivery regimen, CRP-MC(Trip) following CRE-NP(α-M) pretreatment, exhibited strong tumor growth inhibition effect in the orthotopic tumor model. Hence, sequentially targeting delivery of nanoformulated TCM offers an efficient approach to overcome the permeation obstacles and improve the effect of chemotherapy on PDAC, and provides a novel option to treat desmoplastic tumors.
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22
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Kittipaspallop W, Taepavarapruk P, Chanchao C, Pimtong W. Acute toxicity and teratogenicity of α-mangostin in zebrafish embryos. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 243:1212-1219. [PMID: 30602309 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218819743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT α-Mangostin has been reported to have anticancer properties both in vitro and in vivo models. Although there are several studies that evaluated the toxicity of the compound in rodent models, we are the first to evaluate the teratogenicity of α-mangostin. In the present work, we found that α-mangostin induced mortality and malformations in zebrafish embryos. In addition, we exhibited that the compound also disrupted the reactive oxygen species and hemoglobin levels. These findings suggest that α-mangostin may possibly cause the same adverse effects on human health. The mechanisms of these toxicological effects of the compound will be further elucidated and the effects found in zebrafish embryos need to be verified in other animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pornnarin Taepavarapruk
- Center for Animal Research & Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Pitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Chanpen Chanchao
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wittaya Pimtong
- Nano Safety and Risk Assessment Laboratory, National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
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Sriyanti I, Edikresnha D, Rahma A, Munir MM, Rachmawati H, Khairurrijal K. Mangosteen pericarp extract embedded in electrospun PVP nanofiber mats: physicochemical properties and release mechanism of α-mangostin. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:4927-4941. [PMID: 30214198 PMCID: PMC6124466 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s167670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background α-Mangostin is a major active compound of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) pericarp extract (MPE) that has potent antioxidant activity. Unfortunately, its poor aqueous solubility limits its therapeutic application. Purpose: This paper reports a promising approach to improve the clinical use of this substance through electrospinning technique. Methods Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was explored as a hydrophilic matrix to carry α-mangostin in MPE. Physicochemical properties of MPE:PVP nanofibers with various extract-to-polymer ratios were studied, including morphology, size, crystallinity, chemical interaction, and thermal behavior. Antioxidant activity and the release of α-mangostin, as the chemical marker of MPE, from the resulting fibers were investigated. Results It was obtained that the MPE:PVP nanofiber mats were flat, bead-free, and in a size range of 387–586 nm. Peak shifts in Fourier-transform infrared spectra of PVP in the presence of MPE suggested hydrogen bond formation between MPE and PVP. The differential scanning calorimetric study revealed a noticeable endothermic event at 119°C in MPE:PVP nanofibers, indicating vaporization of moisture residue. This confirmed hygroscopic property of PVP. The absence of crystalline peaks of MPE at 2θ of 5.99°, 11.62°, and 13.01° in the X-ray diffraction patterns of electrospun MPE:PVP nanofibers showed amorphization of MPE by PVP after being electrospun. The radical scavenging activity of MPE:PVP nanofibers exhibited lower IC50 value (55–67 µg/mL) in comparison with pure MPE (69 µg/mL). The PVP:MPE nanofibers tremendously increased the antioxidant activity of α-mangostin as well as its release rate. Applying high voltage in electrospinning process did not destroy the chemical structure of α-mangostin as indicated by retained in vitro antioxidant activity. The release rate of α-mangostin significantly increased from 35% to over 90% in 60 minutes. The release of α-mangostin from MPE:PVP nanofibers was dependent on α-mangostin concentration and particle size, as confirmed by the first-order kinetic model as well as the Hixson–Crowell kinetic model. Conclusion We successfully synthesized MPE:PVP nanofiber mats with enhanced antioxidant activity and release rate, which can potentially improve the therapeutic effects offered by MPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Sriyanti
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, .,Research Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, .,Department of Physics Education, Faculty of Education, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang
| | - Dhewa Edikresnha
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, .,Research Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung,
| | - Annisa Rahma
- Pharmaceutics Research Division, School of Pharmacy,
| | - Muhammad Miftahul Munir
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, .,Research Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung,
| | - Heni Rachmawati
- Pharmaceutics Research Division, School of Pharmacy, .,Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia,
| | - Khairurrijal Khairurrijal
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, .,Research Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung,
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Phan TKT, Shahbazzadeh F, Pham TTH, Kihara T. Alpha-mangostin inhibits the migration and invasion of A549 lung cancer cells. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5027. [PMID: 29967723 PMCID: PMC6022730 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have indicated that α-mangostin exerts anti-metastasis and anti-subsistence effects on several types of cancer cells. Especially, the anti-metastatic effect of α-mangostin on cancer cells is a prospective function in cancer treatment. However, the metastasis process is complicated, and includes migration, invasion, intravasation, and extravasation; thus, the main target of anti-metastatic effect of α-mangostin is not known. In this study, we investigated the effects of α-mangostin on the invasion, subsistence, and migration of lung cancer cells under co-culture conditions with normal cells and regular mono-culture conditions. We found that α-mangostin killed the lung cancer and normal cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the alteration in the surface mechanical properties of cells was examined by using atomic force microscopy. Although the α-mangostin concentrations of 5 and 10 µM did not affect the short-term cell viability, they considerably decreased the Young's modulus of lung cancer cells implying a decline in cell surface actin cytoskeletal properties. Additionally, these concentrations of α-mangostin inhibited the migration of lung cancer cells. In co-culture conditions (cancer cells with normal cells), the invasive activities of cancer cells on normal cells were discernibly observed, and was inhibited after treatment with 5 and 10 µM of α-mangostin. Taken together, α-mangostin suppressed the subsistence of lung cancer cells and displayed anti-metastatic activities by inhibiting the migration and invasion, and reducing the actin cytoskeleton of cancer cells. Our findings suggest that α-mangostin could be a potential therapeutic agent for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Kieu Trang Phan
- Department of Life and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fahimeh Shahbazzadeh
- Department of Life and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Thi Thu Huong Pham
- The Key Laboratory of Enzyme & Protein Technology (KLEPT), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Takanori Kihara
- Department of Life and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
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Li D, Liu Q, Sun W, Chen X, Wang Y, Sun Y, Lin L. 1,3,6,7-Tetrahydroxy-8-prenylxanthone ameliorates inflammatory responses resulting from the paracrine interaction of adipocytes and macrophages. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:1590-1606. [PMID: 29446826 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Chronic inflammation in adipose tissue is critical in the onset and development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue and pro-inflammatory polarization play key roles in adipose tissue inflammation. The fruit hull of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) is used in traditional medicine to treat various inflammatory diseases. However, its role in regulating adipose tissue inflammation is unexplored. This study was designed to identify xanthones from G. mangostana, which could ameliorate adipose tissue inflammation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Expressions of inducible NOS, cytokines, chemokines and components of the NF-κB and MAPKs pathways were evaluated using Western blotting, immunofluorescence, quantitative real-time PCR or ELISA. The migration of macrophages towards adipocytes was tested using Transwell experiments in vitro. A murine model of LPS-induced acute inflammation was used to examine effects of 1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxy-8-prenylxanthone (TPX) on inflammatory responses in adipose tissue in vivo. KEY RESULTS From a series of xanthones isolated from G. mangostana, TPX was identified as a potent inhibitor of LPS-induced NO production and IL-6 secretion in RAW264.7 macrophages. TPX ameliorated LPS-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 macrophages, and TNF-α-mediated inflammation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, through inhibiting MAPKs and NF-κB activation and promoting sirtuin 3 expression. TPX also blocked RAW264.7 macrophages migration towards 3T3-L1 adipocytes in co-cultures. Furthermore, TPX alleviated LPS-induced adipose tissue inflammation in vivo by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and preventing the pro-inflammatory polarization of macrophages. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Taken together, our results indicate that TPX disrupts the inflammatory responses between macrophages and adipocytes, and attenuates adipose tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Qianyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ligen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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Chen G, Li Y, Wang W, Deng L. Bioactivity and pharmacological properties of α-mangostin from the mangosteen fruit: a review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2018; 28:415-427. [PMID: 29558225 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2018.1455829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION α-Mangostin (α-MG) is the most representative xanthone isolated from the pericarp of mangosteen, possessing extensive biological activities and pharmacological properties, considered as an antineoplastic agent, antioxidant, anti-proliferation and induces apoptosis. AREAS COVERED The bioactivity and pharmacological properties of α-MG are being actively investigated by various industrial and academic institutions. The bioactivities of α-MG have been summarized in several previous reviews, which were worthy of high compliment. However, recently, many new literatures about the bioactivities of α-MG have been further reported from 2016 to 2017. Herein, the activities of α-MG are supplemented and summarized in this text. EXPERT OPINION As previously said, α-MG possesses good bioactivities pharmacological properties. More recently, it found that α-MG has the effect of maintaining cardiovascular system and gastrointestinal health and controlling free radical oxidation. Furthermore, α-MG has more applications in cosmetics, with the effects of anti-aging, anti-wrinkle, acne treatment, maintenance of skin lubrication. The application of α-MG in treating rheumatoid arthritis has been disclosed and the MG-loaded self-micro emulsion (MG-SME) was designed to improve its pharmacokinetic deficiencies. As mentioned above, α-MG can be a promising drug, also worthy of developing, and further research is crucial for the future application of α-MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Chen
- a Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shaoxing University , Shaoxing , P.R.China
| | - Yong Li
- a Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shaoxing University , Shaoxing , P.R.China
| | - Wei Wang
- b Shaoxing University Yuanpei College , Shaoxing University , Shaoxing , P.R.China
| | - Liping Deng
- a Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shaoxing University , Shaoxing , P.R.China.,b Shaoxing University Yuanpei College , Shaoxing University , Shaoxing , P.R.China
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Gong EC, Chea S, Balupuri A, Kang NS, Chin YW, Choi YH. Enzyme Kinetics and Molecular Docking Studies on Cytochrome 2B6, 2C19, 2E1, and 3A4 Activities by Sauchinone. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030555. [PMID: 29498658 PMCID: PMC6017976 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sauchinone, an active lignan isolated from the aerial parts of Saururus chinensis (Saururaceae), exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-hyperglycemic, and anti-hepatic steatosis effects. As herb–drug interaction (HDI) through cytochrome P450s (CYPs)-mediated metabolism limits clinical application of herbs and drugs in combination, this study sought to explore the enzyme kinetics of sauchinone towards CYP inhibition in in vitro human liver microsomes (HLMs) and in vivo mice studies and computational molecular docking analysis. In in vitro HLMs, sauchinone reversibly inhibited CYP2B6, 2C19, 2E1, and 3A4 activities in non-competitive modes, showing inhibition constant (Ki) values of 14.3, 16.8, 41.7, and 6.84 μM, respectively. Also, sauchinone time-dependently inhibited CYP2B6, 2E1 and 3A4 activities in vitro HLMs. Molecular docking study showed that sauchinone could be bound to a few key amino acid residues in the active site of CYP2B6, 2C19, 2E1, and 3A4. When sibutramine, clopidogrel, or chlorzoxazone was co-administered with sauchinone to mice, the systemic exposure of each drug was increased compared to that without sauchinone, because sauchinone reduced the metabolic clearance of each drug. In conclusion, when sauchinone was co-treated with drugs metabolized via CYP2B6, 2C19, 2E1, or 3A4, sauchinone–drug interactions occurred because sauchinone inhibited the CYP-mediated metabolic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Chae Gong
- College of Pharmacy and Intergrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea; (E.C.G.); (S.C.); (Y.-W.C.)
| | - Satya Chea
- College of Pharmacy and Intergrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea; (E.C.G.); (S.C.); (Y.-W.C.)
| | - Anand Balupuri
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea; (A.B.); (N.S.K)
| | - Nam Sook Kang
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea; (A.B.); (N.S.K)
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and Intergrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea; (E.C.G.); (S.C.); (Y.-W.C.)
| | - Young Hee Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Intergrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea; (E.C.G.); (S.C.); (Y.-W.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-961-5212
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28
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Ovalle-Magallanes B, Eugenio-Pérez D, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Medicinal properties of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.): A comprehensive update. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:102-122. [PMID: 28842267 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Garcinia mangostana L. (Clusiaceae) is a tropical tree native to Southeast Asia known as mangosteen which fruits possess a distinctive and pleasant taste that has granted them the epithet of "queen of the fruits". The seeds and pericarps of the fruit have a long history of use in the traditional medicinal practices of the region, and beverages containing mangosteen pulp and pericarps are sold worldwide as nutritional supplements. The main phytochemicals present in the species are isoprenylated xanthones, a class of secondary metabolites with multiple reports of biological effects, such as antioxidant, pro-apoptotic, anti-proliferative, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, hypoglycemic and anti-obesity. The diversity of actions displayed by mangosteen xanthones shows that these compounds target multiple signaling pathways involved in different pathologies, and place them as valuable sources for developing new drugs to treat chronic and degenerative diseases. This review article presents a comprehensive update of the toxicological findings on animal models, and the preclinical anticancer, analgesic, neuroprotective, antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects of G. mangostana L. extracts and its main isolates. Pharmacokinetics, drug delivery systems and reports on dose-finding human trials are also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Ovalle-Magallanes
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Dianelena Eugenio-Pérez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
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Chae HS, You BH, Song J, Ko HW, Choi YH, Chin YW. Mangosteen Extract Prevents Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice by Suppressing NF-κB Activation and Inflammation. J Med Food 2017; 20:727-733. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.3944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Sung Chae
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Byoung Hoon You
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Jieun Song
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Hyuk Wan Ko
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Young Hee Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, South Korea
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30
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You BH, Chae HS, Song J, Ko HW, Chin YW, Choi YH. α-Mangostin ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis through inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 49:212-221. [PMID: 28601023 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) of the colon as a target site. Previous reports regarding the efficacy of α-mangostin (αMG) to inhibit nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) as well as relatively high distribution to the colon suggested the therapeutic potential of this compound in UC model. In dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mice (DSS mice), the disease activity index scores involving diarrhea, bloody stool, body weight reduction, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities of the esophagus and colon increased with the reduced colon length. Also histologic disturbances and changes of NF-κB and MAPK pathways including phosphorylation of IκB kinase, ERK1/2, SAPK/JNK and p38 were observed in the colon of the DSS mice. However, all of these impaired conditions in the DSS mice were restored by αMG treatment, and the intestinal metabolism of αMG decreased, increasing its distribution to the colons in the DSS mice compared with the control mice. All of these results suggest that high distribution of αMG in the colon might attenuate DSS-induced colitis by inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK pathways in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Hoon You
- College of Pharmacy, Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sung Chae
- College of Pharmacy, Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Song
- College of Pharmacy, Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Wan Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy, Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Hee Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Phungphong S, Kijtawornrat A, de Tombe PP, Wattanapermpool J, Bupha-Intr T, Suksamrarn S. Acute inhibitory effect of alpha-mangostin on sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase and myocardial relaxation. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Phungphong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Anusak Kijtawornrat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Pieter P. de Tombe
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine; Loyola University Chicago; Maywood IL USA
| | | | - Tepmanas Bupha-Intr
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Sunit Suksamrarn
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Srinakharinwirot University; Bangkok Thailand
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Lee JY, Kim SB, Chun J, Song KH, Kim YS, Chung SJ, Cho HJ, Yoon IS, Kim DD. High body clearance and low oral bioavailability of alantolactone, isolated from Inula helenium, in rats: extensive hepatic metabolism and low stability in gastrointestinal fluids. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2017; 37:156-67. [PMID: 26861967 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alantolactone (ALA) is a major bioactive sesquiterpene lactone present in the roots of Inula helenium L. (Asteraceae) which has been used widely in traditional medicine against various diseases such as asthma, cancer and tuberculosis. The pharmacologic activities of alantolactone have been well characterized, yet information on the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of alantolactone and their mechanistic elucidation are still limited. Thus, this study aims to investigate the oral absorption and disposition of alantolactone and their relevant mechanisms. Log P values of alantolactone ranged from 1.52 to 1.84, and alantolactone was unstable in biological samples such as plasma, urine, bile, rat liver microsomes (RLM) and simulated gastrointestinal fluids. The metabolic rate of alantolactone was markedly higher in rat liver homogenates than in the other tissue homogenates. A saturable and concentration-dependent metabolic rate profile of alantolactone was observed in RLM, and rat cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1 A, 2C, 2D and 3 A subfamilies were significantly involved in its hepatic metabolism. Based on the well-stirred model, the hepatic extraction ratio (HER) was estimated to be 0.890-0.933, classifying alantolactone as a drug with high HER. Moreover, high total body clearance (111 ± 41 ml/min/kg) and low oral bioavailability (0.323%) of alantolactone were observed in rats. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that the extensive hepatic metabolism, at least partially mediated by CYP, is primarily responsible for the high total body clearance of alantolactone, and that the low oral bioavailability of alantolactone could be attributed to its low stability in gastrointestinal fluids and a hepatic first-pass effect in rats. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bum Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemoo Chun
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Ho Song
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Shik Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Jae Chung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jong Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Soo Yoon
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Duk Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Xu WK, Jiang H, Yang K, Wang YQ, Zhang Q, Zuo J. Development and in vivo evaluation of self-microemulsion as delivery system for α-mangostin. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2017; 33:116-123. [PMID: 28254113 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Mangostin (MG) is a versatile bioactive compound isolated from mangosteen and possesses significant pharmacokinetic shortages. To augment the potential clinical efficacy, MG-loaded self-microemulsion (MG-SME) was designed and prepared in this study, and its potential as a drug loading system was evaluated based on the pharmacokinetic performance and tissue distribution feature. The formula of MG-SME was optimized by an orthogonal test under the guidance of ternary phase diagram, and the prepared MG-SME was characterized by encapsulation efficiency, size distribution, and morphology. Optimized high performance liquid chromatography method was employed to determine concentrations of MG and characterize the pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution features of MG in rodents. It was found that diluted MG-SME was characterized as spherical particles with a mean diameter of 24.6 nm and an encapsulation efficiency of 87.26%. The delivery system enhanced the area under the curve of MG by 4.75 times and increased the distribution in lymphatic organs. These findings suggested that SME as a nano-sized delivery system efficiently promoted the digestive tract absorption of MG and modified its distribution in tissues. The targeting feature and high oral bioavailability of MG-SME promised a good clinical efficacy, especially for immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ke Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Kui Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Ya-Qin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Jian Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Polysaccharides Drug, Wuhu, China.
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Nava Catorce M, Acero G, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Fragoso G, Govezensky T, Gevorkian G. Alpha-mangostin attenuates brain inflammation induced by peripheral lipopolysaccharide administration in C57BL/6J mice. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 297:20-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Willson CM, Grundmann O. In vitro assays in natural products research - a matter of concentration and relevance to in vivo administration using resveratrol, α-mangostin/γ-mangostin and xanthohumol as examples. Nat Prod Res 2016; 31:492-506. [PMID: 27234135 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1190721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Herbal or botanical dietary supplements are an ever increasingly popular category of products in the United States and around the world. In vitro data can provide meaningful insight into the potential target and mechanism of action for a proposed active compound but may also be misused to promote a supplement to consumers with unverified health claims. In vitro data need to be considered alongside pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data in preclinical animal and clinical human trials. While considerable activity of compounds and extracts in vitro may lead to further testing in vivo, in many instances, concentrations tested in cell lines or isolated targets are not achievable at the target site in vivo. Thus, whether the in vitro data are relevant to humans after oral administration is questionable. This review will discuss this discrepancy using in vitro and in vivo data of resveratrol, xanthones (α-mangostin and γ-mangostin) and xanthohumol.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Willson
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry , College of Pharmacy, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - O Grundmann
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry , College of Pharmacy, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
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Kim YJ, Han SY, Seo JS, Chin YW, Choi YH. Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and tentative metabolite identification of sauchinone in mice by microsampling and HPLC-MS/MS methods. Biol Pharm Bull 2015; 38:218-27. [PMID: 25747980 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b14-00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sauchinone, a biologically active lignan found in Saururus chinensis (Saururaceae), exerts various biological activities against jaundice, inflammatory disease, hepatic steatosis, and oxidative injury. Despite its diverse applications, there exists some information about sauchinone's pharmacokinetics but its tissue distribution, metabolism, and tentative metabolites have not been reported yet. Thus we investigated the pharmacokinetics of sauchinone in mice using microsampling and HPLC-MS/MS methods. Sauchinone presented linear pharmacokinetics at intravenous doses 7.5-20 mg/kg and oral doses 20-500 mg/kg. However, the metabolism of sauchinone was saturated and this agent presented nonlinear pharmacokinetics at 50 mg/kg in the intravenous study. At sauchinone 20 mg/kg the F of sauchinone was 7.76% of the oral dose despite that 77.9% of sauchinone was absorbed. This might be due to extensive metabolism of sauchinone in S9 fractions of liver and small intestine. Tentative metabolites of sauchinone by oxidation, dioxidation, methylation, demethylation, dehydrogenation, or bis-glucuronide conjugation were detected in plasma and S9 fractions of liver, intestine, and kidney. The distribution of sauchinone was considerably high (tissue-to-plasma (T/P) ratios, >1) in liver, small intestine, kidney, lung, muscle, fat, or mesentery after intravenous and oral administration and in stomach and large intestine only after oral administration. The protein binding value of sauchinone was 53.0%. These pharmacokinetic data of sauchinone provide an important basis for preclinical applications and experimental methods can be adjusted to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of natural products in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy and BK21 PLUS R-FIND Team, Dongguk University
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Chae HS, Kim YM, Bae JK, Sorchhann S, Yim S, Han L, Paik JH, Choi YH, Chin YW. Mangosteen Extract Attenuates the Metabolic Disorders of High-Fat-Fed Mice by Activating AMPK. J Med Food 2015; 19:148-54. [PMID: 26452017 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2015.3496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of mangosteen on metabolic syndromes in high-fat (HF) diet-fed mice and the underlying mechanisms related to adipogenesis. Mangosteen-supplemented mice gained significantly less body weight, compared with the HF group. The levels were markedly elevated in HF mice for serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and free fatty acid; whereas these levels were significantly lower in the 200 mg/kg of the mangosteen extract-treated group. The mangosteen extract did not modify high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, however, LDL-cholesterol was lower and HDL/LDL ratio was higher (9.4 vs. 3.7 in HF group). Furthermore, 200 mg/kg of mangosteen treatment activated the hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase and Sirtuin 1 in an in vivo system. Thus, the results of this study suggest that mangosteen extract exerts antiobesity effects by regulating energy metabolism and hepatic lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Sung Chae
- 1 College of Pharmacy and BK21Plus R-Find Team, Dongguk University-Seoul , Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- 1 College of Pharmacy and BK21Plus R-Find Team, Dongguk University-Seoul , Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Jin-Kyung Bae
- 1 College of Pharmacy and BK21Plus R-Find Team, Dongguk University-Seoul , Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Sochivak Sorchhann
- 1 College of Pharmacy and BK21Plus R-Find Team, Dongguk University-Seoul , Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Sreymom Yim
- 1 College of Pharmacy and BK21Plus R-Find Team, Dongguk University-Seoul , Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Ling Han
- 1 College of Pharmacy and BK21Plus R-Find Team, Dongguk University-Seoul , Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Jin Hyub Paik
- 2 International Biological Material Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young Hee Choi
- 1 College of Pharmacy and BK21Plus R-Find Team, Dongguk University-Seoul , Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- 1 College of Pharmacy and BK21Plus R-Find Team, Dongguk University-Seoul , Gyeonggido, Korea
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Liu Y, Park JM, Chang KH, Chin YW, Lee MY. α- and γ-mangostin cause shape changes, inhibit aggregation and induce cytolysis of rat platelets. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 240:240-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Han SY, You BH, Kim YC, Chin YW, Choi YH. Dose-Independent ADME Properties and Tentative Identification of Metabolites of α-Mangostin from Garcinia mangostana in Mice by Automated Microsampling and UPLC-MS/MS Methods. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131587. [PMID: 26176540 PMCID: PMC4503439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The information about a marker compound's pharmacokinetics in herbal products including the characteristics of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME) is closely related to the efficacy/toxicity. Also dose range and administration route are critical factors to determine the ADME profiles. Since the supply of a sufficient amount of a marker compound in in vivo study is still difficult, pharmacokinetic investigations which overcome the limit of blood collection in mice are desirable. Thus, we have attempted to investigate concurrently the ADME and proposed metabolite identification of α-mangostin, a major constituent of mangosteen, Garcinia mangostana L, in mice with a wide dose range using an in vitro as well as in vivo automated micro-sampling system together. α-mangostin showed dose-proportional pharmacokinetics at intravenous doses of 5–20 mg/kg and oral doses of 10–100 mg/kg. The gastrointestinal absorption of α-mangostin was poor and the distribution of α-mangostin was relatively high in the liver, intestine, kidney, fat, and lung. α-mangostin was extensively metabolized in the liver and intestine. With regards to the formation of metabolites, the glucuronidated, bis-glucuronidated, dehydrogenated, hydrogenated, oxidized, and methylated α-mangostins were tentatively identified. We suggest that these dose-independent pharmacokinetic characteristics of α-mangostin in mice provide an important basis for preclinical applications of α-mangostin as well as mangosteen. In addition, these experimental methods can be applied to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of natural products in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yon Han
- College of Pharmacy and BK21 PLUS R-FIND Team, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, 410-820, South Korea
| | - Byoung Hoon You
- College of Pharmacy and BK21 PLUS R-FIND Team, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, 410-820, South Korea
| | - Yu Chul Kim
- Discovery Research Center, C&C Research Laboratories, 2066 Seobu-lo, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, South Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and BK21 PLUS R-FIND Team, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, 410-820, South Korea
| | - Young Hee Choi
- College of Pharmacy and BK21 PLUS R-FIND Team, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, 410-820, South Korea
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Choi M, Kim YM, Lee S, Chin YW, Lee C. Mangosteen xanthones suppress hepatitis C virus genome replication. Virus Genes 2014; 49:208-22. [PMID: 24986787 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-014-1098-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a hepatotropic single-stranded RNA virus. HCV infection is causally linked with development of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Enhanced production of reactive oxygen species by HCV has been implicated to play an important role in HCV-induced pathogenesis. Mangosteen has been widely used as a traditional medicine as well as a dietary supplement ,thanks to its powerful anti-oxidant effect. In the present study, we demonstrated that the ethanol extract from mangosteen fruit peels (MG-EtOH) is able to block HCV genome replication using HCV genotype 1b Bart79I subgenomic (EC50 5.1 μg/mL) and genotype 2a J6/JFH-1 infectious replicon systems (EC50 3.8 μg/mL). We found that inhibition of HCV replication by MG-EtOH led to subsequent down-regulation of expression of HCV proteins. Interestingly, MG-EtOH exhibited a modest inhibitory effect on in vitro RNA polymerase activity of NS5B. Among a number of xanthones compounds identified within this MG-EtOH, we discovered α-MG (EC50 6.3 μM) and γ-MG (EC50 2.7 μM) as two major single molecules responsible for suppression of HCV replication. This finding will provide a valuable molecular basis to further develop mangosteen as an important dietary supplement to combat HCV-induced liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonju Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 410-050, South Korea
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Li P, Tian W, Ma X. Alpha-mangostin inhibits intracellular fatty acid synthase and induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:138. [PMID: 24894151 PMCID: PMC4060095 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fatty acid synthase (FAS) has been proven over-expressed in human breast cancer cells and consequently, has been recognized as a target for breast cancer treatment. Alpha-mangostin, a natural xanthone found in mangosteen pericarp, has a variety of biological activities, including anti-cancer effect. In our previous study, alpha-mangostin had been found both fast-binding and slow-binding inhibitions to FAS in vitro. This study was designed to investigate the activity of alpha-mangostin on intracellular FAS activity in FAS over-expressed human breast cancer cells, and to testify whether the anti-cancer activity of alpha-mangostin may be related to its inhibitory effect on FAS. Methods We evaluated the cytotoxicity of alpha-mangostin in human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Intracellular FAS activity was measured by a spectrophotometer at 340 nm of NADPH absorption. Cell Counting Kit assay was used to test the cell viability. Immunoblot analysis was performed to detect FAS expression level, intracellular fatty acid accumulation and cell signaling (FAK, ERK1/2 and AKT). Apoptotic effects were detected by flow cytometry and immunoblot analysis of PARP, Bax and Bcl-2. Small interfering RNA was used to down-regulate FAS expression and/or activity. Results Alpha-mangostin could effectively suppress FAS expression and inhibit intracellular FAS activity, and result in decrease of intracellular fatty acid accumulation. It could also reduce cell viability, induce apoptosis in human breast cancer cells, increase in the levels of the PARP cleavage product, and attenuate the balance between anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family. Moreover, alpha-mangostin inhibited the phosphorylation of FAK. However, the active forms of AKT, and ERK1/2 proteins were not involved in the changes of FAS expression induced by alpha-mangostin. Conclusions Alpha-mangostin induced breast cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting FAS, which provide a basis for the development of xanthone as an agent for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaofeng Ma
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
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