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Zhang Z, Shan X, Li S, Chang J, Zhang Z, Dong Y, Wang L, Liang F. Retinal light damage: From mechanisms to protective strategies. Surv Ophthalmol 2024; 69:905-915. [PMID: 39053594 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Visible light serves as a crucial medium for vision formation.;however, prolonged or excessive exposure to light is recognized as a significant etiological factor contributing to retinal degenerative diseases. The retina, with its unique structure and adaptability, relies on the homeostasis of cellular functions to maintain visual health. Under normal conditions, the retina can mount adaptive responses to various insults, including light-induced damage. Unfortunately, exposure to intense and excessive light triggers a cascade of pathological alterations in retinal photoreceptor cells, pigment epithelial cells, ganglion cells, and glial cells. These alterations encompass disruption of intracellular REDOX and Ca²⁺ homeostasis, pyroptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and the release of inflammatory cytokines, culminating in irreversible retinal damage. We first delineate the mechanisms of retinal light damage through 4 main avenues: mitochondria function, endoplasmic reticulum stress, cell autophagy, and inflammation. Subsequently, we discuss protective strategies against retinal light damage, aiming to guide research toward the prevention and treatment of light-induced retinal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xiaoqian Shan
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Shujiao Li
- Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100040, China
| | - Jun Chang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Tongliang District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 402560, China
| | - Yang Dong
- Ji'nan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Li Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Fengming Liang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
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2
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Liu Y, Shi Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Wang Y, Lu Y, Qi H. A novel fucoxanthin enriched seaweed gummy: Physicochemical qualities and protective effect on UVB-induced retinal müller cells. Food Chem X 2024; 23:101648. [PMID: 39113732 PMCID: PMC11304860 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinal disease has become the major cause of visual impairment and vision loss worldwide. Carotenoids, which have the potential antioxidant and eye-care activities, have been widely used in functional foods. Our previous study showed that fucoxanthin could exert photoprotective activity in UVB-induced retinal müller cells (RMCs). To extend the application of fucoxanthin in food industry, fucoxanthin, Undaria pinnatifida pulp (UPP), carrageenan, and other ingredients were mixed to prepare seaweed-flavoured photoprotective gummies in this study. The structural and functional properties of the gummies were then evaluated by physicochemical test and cell experiments. As a result, fucoxanthin enriched gummies presented favourable structural properties and flavour. The hydroxyl groups in fucoxanthin and κ-carrageenan are bonded through hydrogen bonds, forming the spatial network structure inside the gummies, enhancing its elasticity. The gummies showed significant antioxidant effect and alleviated the UVB oxidation damage in RMCs. Moreover, the main ingredients carrageenan and UPP improved the stability of fucoxanthin during in vitro digestion. The results enhance the application of fucoxanthin in functional food with photoprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Seafood, State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Chinese Pre-made Food, College of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yixin Shi
- National Engineering Research Center for Seafood, State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Chinese Pre-made Food, College of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Seafood, State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Chinese Pre-made Food, College of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Seafood, State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Chinese Pre-made Food, College of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yuze Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Seafood, State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Chinese Pre-made Food, College of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yujing Lu
- National Engineering Research Center for Seafood, State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Chinese Pre-made Food, College of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Hang Qi
- National Engineering Research Center for Seafood, State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Chinese Pre-made Food, College of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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3
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Kumar R, Rao GN. Glucose-Regulated Protein 78, via Releasing β-Catenin from Adherens Junctions, Facilitates Its Interaction with STAT3 in Mediating Retinal Neovascularization. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024:S0002-9440(24)00324-9. [PMID: 39222910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Retinopathy due to neovascularization is one of the major causes of vision loss. To understand the mechanisms underlying retinal neovascularization, using the oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model, we performed two-dimensional gel matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight analysis of normoxic and 24-hour post-OIR mice pups' retinas. Two-dimensional gel analysis revealed that glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is one of the several molecules induced by OIR in the retinal endothelial cells (ECs). Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) also induced GRP78 expression independent of endoplasmic reticulum stress response in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells, and depletion of its levels reduced VEGFA-induced EC angiogenic responses. Consistent with these observations, EC-specific deletion of GRP78 inhibited OIR-induced retinal neovascularization. In exploring the mechanisms, we found that GRP78 binds with vascular endothelial-cadherin and releases adherens junction- but not Wnt-mediated β-catenin and that β-catenin, in turn, via interacting with STAT3, triggers cyclin D1 expression. Furthermore, depletion of β-catenin or cyclin D1 levels negated VEGFA-induced EC angiogenic responses and OIR-induced retinal neovascularization. EC-specific deletion of GRP78 also suppressed OIR-induced vascular leakage. In elucidating the upstream signaling, we found that activating transcription factor 6 mediates GRP78 induction in the modulation of VEGFA-induced EC angiogenic responses and OIR-induced retinal neovascularization. Together, these observations reveal that GRP78, independent of its response to endoplasmic reticulum stress, is involved in mediating EC angiogenic responses by VEGFA and retinal neovascularization by OIR. In view of these findings, it appears that GRP78 could be a desirable target for drug development against diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Gadiparthi N Rao
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.
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4
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Zhang CX, Fan B, Chi J, Li YL, Jiao Q, Zhang ZY, Li GY. Differences between long- and short-wavelength light-induced retinal damage and the role of PARP-1 in retinal injury induced by blue light. Exp Eye Res 2024; 244:109946. [PMID: 38815794 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy uses light of different wavelengths to treat various retinal degeneration diseases, but the potential damage to the retina caused by long-term light irradiation is still unclear. This study were designed to detect the difference between long- and short-wavelength light (650-nm red light and 450-nm blue light, 2.55 mW/cm2, reference intensity in PBM)-induced injury. In addition, a comparative study was conducted to investigate the differences in retinal light damage induced by different irradiation protocols (short periods of repeated irradiation and a long period of constant irradiation). Furthermore, the protective role of PARP-1 inhibition on the molecular mechanism of blue light-induced injury was confirmed by a gene knockdown technique or a specific inhibitor through in vitro and in vivo experiments. The results showed that the susceptibility to retinal damage caused by irradiation with long- and short-wavelength light is different. Shorter wavelength lights, such as blue light, induce more severe retinal damage, while the retina exhibits better resistance to longer wavelength lights, such as red light. In addition, repeated irradiation for short periods induces less retinal damage than constant exposure over a long period. PARP-1 plays a critical role in the molecular mechanism of blue light-induced damage in photoreceptors and retina, and inhibiting PARP-1 can significantly protect the retina against blue light damage. This study lays an experimental foundation for assessing the safety of phototherapy products and for developing target drugs to protect the retina from light damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xia Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Bin Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Jing Chi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Yu-Lin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Qing Jiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Zi-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Guang-Yu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China.
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5
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Basyal D, Lee S, Kim HJ. Antioxidants and Mechanistic Insights for Managing Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:568. [PMID: 38790673 PMCID: PMC11117704 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) severely affects central vision due to progressive macular degeneration and its staggering prevalence is rising globally, especially in the elderly population above 55 years. Increased oxidative stress with aging is considered an important contributor to AMD pathogenesis despite multifaceted risk factors including genetic predisposition and environmental agents. Wet AMD can be managed with routine intra-vitreal injection of angiogenesis inhibitors, but no satisfactory medicine has been approved for the successful management of the dry form. The toxic carbonyls due to photo-oxidative degradation of accumulated bisretinoids within lysosomes initiate a series of events including protein adduct formation, impaired autophagy flux, complement activation, and chronic inflammation, which is implicated in dry AMD. Therapy based on antioxidants has been extensively studied for its promising effect in reducing the impact of oxidative stress. This paper reviews the dry AMD pathogenesis, delineates the effectiveness of dietary and nutrition supplements in clinical studies, and explores pre-clinical studies of antioxidant molecules, extracts, and formulations with their mechanistic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hye Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Dauge 42601, Republic of Korea
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Wooff Y, Cioanca AV, Wills E, Chu-Tan JA, Sekar R, Natoli R. Short exposure to photo-oxidative damage triggers molecular signals indicative of early retinal degeneration. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1088654. [PMID: 37180103 PMCID: PMC10174249 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1088654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the developed world, currently affecting over 350 billion people globally. For the most prevalent late-stage form of this disease, atrophic AMD, there are no available prevention strategies or treatments, in part due to inherent difficulties in early-stage diagnosis. Photo-oxidative damage is a well-established model for studying inflammatory and cell death features that occur in late-stage atrophic AMD, however to date has not been investigated as a potential model for studying early features of disease onset. Therefore, in this study we aimed to determine if short exposure to photo-oxidative damage could be used to induce early retinal molecular changes and advance this as a potential model for studying early-stage AMD. Methods C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 1, 3, 6, 12, or 24h photo-oxidative damage (PD) using 100k lux bright white light. Mice were compared to dim-reared (DR) healthy controls as well as mice which had undergone long periods of photo-oxidative damage (3d and 5d-PD) as known timepoints for inducing late-stage retinal degeneration pathologies. Cell death and retinal inflammation were measured using immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. To identify retinal molecular changes, retinal lysates were sent for RNA sequencing, following which bioinformatics analyses including differential expression and pathway analyses were performed. Finally, to investigate modulations in gene regulation as a consequence of degeneration, microRNA (miRNA) expression patterns were quantified using qRT-PCR and visualized using in situ hybridization. Results Short exposure to photo-oxidative damage (1-24h-PD) induced early molecular changes in the retina, with progressive downregulation of homeostatic pathways including metabolism, transport and phototransduction observed across this time-course. Inflammatory pathway upregulation was observed from 3h-PD, preceding observable levels of microglia/macrophage activation which was noted from 6h-PD, as well as significant photoreceptor row loss from 24h-PD. Further rapid and dynamic movement of inflammatory regulator miRNA, miR-124-3p and miR-155-5p, was visualized in the retina in response to degeneration. Conclusion These results support the use of short exposure to photo-oxidative damage as a model of early AMD and suggest that early inflammatory changes in the retina may contribute to pathological features of AMD progression including immune cell activation and photoreceptor cell death. We suggest that early intervention of these inflammatory pathways by targeting miRNA such as miR-124-3p and miR-155-5p or their target genes may prevent progression into late-stage pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Wooff
- Clear Vision Research Group, Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Adrian V. Cioanca
- Clear Vision Research Group, Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Elly Wills
- Clear Vision Research Group, Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Joshua A. Chu-Tan
- Clear Vision Research Group, Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Rakshanya Sekar
- Clear Vision Research Group, Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Riccardo Natoli
- Clear Vision Research Group, Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
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Xie Z, Li Y, Liu Z, Zeng M, Moore JC, Gao B, Wu X, Sun J, Wang TTY, Pehrsson P, He X, Yu LL. Bioactive Compositions of Cinnamon ( Cinnamomum verum J. Presl) Extracts and Their Capacities in Suppressing SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Binding to ACE2, Inhibiting ACE2, and Scavenging Free Radicals. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:4890-4900. [PMID: 36940448 PMCID: PMC10041354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum J. Presl) bark and its extracts are popular ingredients added to food and supplement products. It has various health effects, including potentially reducing the risk of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). In our study, the bioactives in cinnamon water and ethanol extracts were chemically identified, and their potential in suppressing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) binding, reducing ACE2 availability, and scavenging free radicals was investigated. Twenty-seven and twenty-three compounds were tentatively identified in cinnamon water and ethanol extracts, respectively. Seven compounds, including saccharumoside C, two emodin-glucuronide isomers, two physcion-glucuronide isomers, and two type-A proanthocyanidin hexamers, were first reported in cinnamon. Cinnamon water and ethanol extracts suppressed the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to ACE2 and inhibited ACE2 activity in a dose-dependent manner. Cinnamon ethanol extract had total phenolic content of 36.67 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g and free radical scavenging activities against HO• and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation (ABTS•+) of 1688.85 and 882.88 μmol Trolox equivalents (TE)/g, which were significantly higher than those of the water extract at 24.12 mg GAE/g and 583.12 and 210.36 μmol TE/g. The free radical scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•) of cinnamon ethanol extract was lower than that of the water extract. The present study provides new evidence that cinnamon reduces the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohong Xie
- Department
of Nutrition and Food Science, University
of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yanfang Li
- Department
of Nutrition and Food Science, University
of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Methods
and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition
Research Center, Agricultural Research Service,
United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Department
of Nutrition and Food Science, University
of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Methods
and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition
Research Center, Agricultural Research Service,
United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Melody Zeng
- Department
of Nutrition and Food Science, University
of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jeffrey C. Moore
- Moore
FoodTech, LLC, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Boyan Gao
- Institute
of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xianli Wu
- Methods
and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition
Research Center, Agricultural Research Service,
United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Jianghao Sun
- Methods
and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition
Research Center, Agricultural Research Service,
United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Thomas T. Y. Wang
- Diet,
Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research
Center, Agricultural Research Service, United
States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Pamela Pehrsson
- Methods
and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition
Research Center, Agricultural Research Service,
United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Xiaohua He
- Western Regional
Research Center, Agricultural Research Service,
United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710, United States
| | - Liangli Lucy Yu
- Department
of Nutrition and Food Science, University
of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Lee SJ, Roh YJ, Kim JE, Jin YJ, Song HJ, Seol A, Park SH, Douangdeuane B, Souliya O, Choi SI, Hwang DY. Protective Effects of Dipterocarpus tuberculatus in Blue Light-Induced Macular Degeneration in A2E-Laden ARPE19 Cells and Retina of Balb/c Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020329. [PMID: 36829888 PMCID: PMC9952417 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products with significant antioxidant activity have been receiving attention as one of the treatment strategies to prevent age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) including oxo-N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine (oxo-A2E) and singlet oxygen-induced damage, are believed to be one of the major causes of the development of AMD. To investigate the therapeutic effects of methanol extracts of Dipterocarpus tuberculatus Roxb. (MED) against blue light (BL)-caused macular degeneration, alterations in the antioxidant activity, apoptosis pathway, neovascularization, inflammatory response, and retinal degeneration were analyzed in A2E-laden ARPE19 cells and Balb/c mice after exposure of BL. Seven bioactive components, including 2α-hydroxyursolic acid, ε-viniferin, asiatic acid, bergenin, ellagic acid, gallic acid and oleanolic acid, were detected in MED. MED exhibited high DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activity. BL-induced increases in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and nitric oxide (NO) concentration were suppressed by MED treatment. A significant recovery of antioxidant capacity by an increase in superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD) activity, SOD expression levels, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) expression were detected as results of MED treatment effects. The activation of the apoptosis pathway, the expression of neovascular proteins, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mediated pathway, inflammasome activation, and expression of inflammatory cytokines was remarkably inhibited in the MED treated group compared to the Vehicle-treated group in the AMD cell model. Furthermore, MED displayed protective effects in BL-induced retinal degeneration through improvement in the thickness of the whole retina, outer nuclear layer (ONL), inner nuclear layer (INL), and photoreceptor layer (PL) in Balb/c mice. Taken together, these results indicate that MED exhibits protective effects in BL-induced retinal degeneration and has the potential in the future to be developed as a treatment option for dry AMD with atrophy of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Roh
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - You Jeong Jin
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Song
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Ayun Seol
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hae Park
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Onevilay Souliya
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, Ministry of Health, Vientiane 0103, Laos
| | - Sun Il Choi
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Correspondence: (S.I.C.); (D.Y.H.); Tel.: +86-13271140312 (S.I.C.); +82-55-350-5388 (D.Y.H.)
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
- Longevity & Wellbeing Research Center, Laboratory Animals Resources Center, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.I.C.); (D.Y.H.); Tel.: +86-13271140312 (S.I.C.); +82-55-350-5388 (D.Y.H.)
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9
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Li X, Zhu S, Qi F. Blue light pollution causes retinal damage and degeneration by inducing ferroptosis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 238:112617. [PMID: 36495671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With the development of technology and electronic products, the problem of light pollution is becoming more and more serious. Blue light, the most energetic light in visible light, is the main culprit of teenage vision problems in the modern environment. As the tissue with the highest oxygen consumption, the retina is vulnerable to oxidative stress. However, the exact way in which blue light-triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause retinal cell death remains unclear. Ferroptosis is a newly defined cell death pathway, whose core molecular mechanism is cell death caused by excessive lipid peroxidation. In this study, the results indicated that blue light-triggered ROS burst in retinal cells, in the meantime, intracellular Fe2+ levels were also significantly up-regulated. Further, deferoxamine (DFO) significantly improved blue light-triggered lipid peroxidation and cell death in ARPE-19 cells, and ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) alleviated retinal oxidative stress and degeneration in rats. Furthermore, the GSH-GPX4 and FSP1-CoQ10-NADH systems served as key systems for cellular defense against ferroptosis, and interestingly, our results demonstrated that blue light triggered imbalance of the GSH-GPX4 and FSP1-CoQ10-NADH systems in retinal cells. Taken together, these pieces of evidence suggest that ferroptosis may be a crucial pathway for blue light-induced retinal damage and degeneration, which helps us to understand exactly why blue light pollution causes visual impairment in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sen Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China..
| | - Fujian Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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10
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Feasibility of several commercial membranes to recover valuable phenolic compounds from extracts of wet olive pomace through organic-solvent nanofiltration. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Kong Y, Jiang J, Huang Y, Li L, Liu X, Jin Z, Wei F, Liu X, Zhang S, Duan X, Zhang Y, Tong Q, Chen H. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in melanoma pathogenesis and resistance. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113741. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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12
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Discovering the Potential of Natural Antioxidants in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15010101. [PMID: 35056157 PMCID: PMC8777838 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial disease associated with anatomical changes in the inner retina. Despite tremendous advances in clinical care, there is currently no cure for AMD. This review aims to evaluate the published literature on the therapeutic roles of natural antioxidants in AMD. A literature search of PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed articles published between 1 January 2011 and 31 October 2021 was undertaken. A total of 82 preclinical and 18 clinical studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. We identified active compounds, carotenoids, extracts and polysaccharides, flavonoids, formulations, vitamins and whole foods with potential therapeutic roles in AMD. We evaluated the integral cellular signaling pathways including the activation of antioxidant pathways and angiogenesis pathways orchestrating their mode of action. In conclusion, we examined the therapeutic roles of natural antioxidants in AMD which warrant further study for application in clinical practice. Our current understanding is that natural antioxidants have the potential to improve or halt the progression of AMD, and tailoring therapeutics to the specific disease stages may be the key to preventing irreversible vision loss.
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Liu X, Li S, Wang Z, Wang X, He Y, Wen L. Ultrahigh Pressure Facilitates the Acylation of Malvidin and Chlorogenic Acid to Increase the Stability and Protective Effect of Malvidin Derivatives on H 2O 2-Induced ARPE-19 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13990-14003. [PMID: 34672563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We explored the effects of ultrahigh-pressure technology and chlorogenic acid on the color stability and structure-activity relationship of malvidin (MV). Experimental conditions were optimized through single-factor experiments and response surface analysis at a pressure of 300 MPa, mass ratio of MV to chlorogenic acid of 1:3.64 (w/w), and time of 5 min. Compared with MV, MV derivatives showed higher stability and in vitro antioxidant activity. X-ray diffraction analysis, UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry were conducted to determine the structures of MV derivatives for the first time. Ultrahigh pressure facilitated acylation of chlorogenic acid and MV and produced four new MV derivatives. Analysis of the effect of malvidin-3-O-6-(acrylic acid-(2-hydroxy, 4-carboxy-cyclohexanol) ester)-guaiacol (Mv3ACEC) on ARPE-19 cells exposed to H2O2 by RNA transcriptome sequencing showed that Mv3ACEC simultaneously inhibited various inflammatory and apoptotic signal transduction pathways, exerted a synergistic effect, and partly inhibited cell apoptosis through the MAPK signaling pathway. Therefore, the results show that ultrahigh pressure will cause acylation of chlorogenic acid and MV to produce four new MV derivatives, and MV derivatives protect ARPE-19 cells from H2O2-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Zhitong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Yang He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Liankui Wen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
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Fernandez-Gonzalez P, Mas-Sanchez A, Garriga P. Polyphenols and Visual Health: Potential Effects on Degenerative Retinal Diseases. Molecules 2021; 26:3407. [PMID: 34199888 PMCID: PMC8200069 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary polyphenols are a group of natural compounds that have been proposed to have beneficial effects on human health. They were first known for their antioxidant properties, but several studies over the years have shown that these compounds can exert protective effects against chronic diseases. Nonetheless, the mechanisms underlying these potential benefits are still uncertain and contradictory effects have been reported. In this review, we analyze the potential effects of polyphenol compounds on some visual diseases, with a special focus on retinal degenerative diseases. Current effective therapies for the treatment of such retinal diseases are lacking and new strategies need to be developed. For this reason, there is currently a renewed interest in finding novel ligands (or known ligands with previously unexpected features) that could bind to retinal photoreceptors and modulate their molecular properties. Some polyphenols, especially flavonoids (e.g., quercetin and tannic acid), could attenuate light-induced receptor damage and promote visual health benefits. Recent evidence suggests that certain flavonoids could help stabilize the correctly folded conformation of the visual photoreceptor protein rhodopsin and offset the deleterious effect of retinitis pigmentosa mutations. In this regard, certain polyphenols, like the flavonoids mentioned before, have been shown to improve the stability, expression, regeneration and folding of rhodopsin mutants in experimental in vitro studies. Moreover, these compounds appear to improve the integration of the receptor into the cell membrane while acting against oxidative stress at the same time. We anticipate that polyphenol compounds can be used to target visual photoreceptor proteins, such as rhodopsin, in a way that has only been recently proposed and that these can be used in novel approaches for the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases like retinitis pigmentosa; however, studies in this field are limited and further research is needed in order to properly characterize the effects of these compounds on retinal degenerative diseases through the proposed mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pere Garriga
- Grup de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, Centre de Biotecnologia Molecular, Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Edifici Gaia, 08222 Terrassa, Spain; (P.F.-G.); (A.M.-S.)
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15
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Elfiky AA. Natural products may interfere with SARS-CoV-2 attachment to the host cell. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 39:3194-3203. [PMID: 32340551 PMCID: PMC7212544 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1761881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has been emerged in December 2019 in China, causing deadly (5% mortality) pandemic pneumonia, termed COVID-19. More than one host-cell receptor is reported to be recognized by the viral spike protein, among them is the cell-surface Heat Shock Protein A5 (HSPA5), also termed GRP78 or BiP. Upon viral infection, HSPA5 is upregulated, then translocating to the cell membrane where it is subjected to be recognized by the SARS-CoV-2 spike. In this study, some natural product compounds are tested against the HSPA5 substrate-binding domain β (SBDβ), which reported to be the recognition site for the SARS-CoV-2 spike. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations are used to test some natural compounds binding to HSPA5 SBDβ. The results show high to a moderate binding affinity for the phytoestrogens (Diadiazin, Genistein, Formontein, and Biochanin A), chlorogenic acid, linolenic acid, palmitic acid, caffeic acid, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, hydroxytyrosol, cis-p-Coumaric acid, cinnamaldehyde, thymoquinone, and some physiological hormones such as estrogens, progesterone, testosterone, and cholesterol to the HSPA5 SBDβ. Based on its binding affinities, the phytoestrogens and estrogens are the best in binding HSPA5, hence may interfere with SARS-CoV-2 attachment to the stressed cells. These compounds can be successful as anti-COVID-19 agents for people with a high risk of cell stress like elders, cancer patients, and front-line medical staff.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdo A. Elfiky
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biophysics, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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16
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Quero J, Mármol I, Cerrada E, Rodríguez-Yoldi MJ. Insight into the potential application of polyphenol-rich dietary intervention in degenerative disease management. Food Funct 2021; 11:2805-2825. [PMID: 32134090 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00216j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent times, a great number of plants have been studied in order to identify new components with nutraceutical properties, among which are polyphenols. Dietary polyphenols represent a large group of bioactive molecules widely found in the food of plant origin and they have been found able to prevent the onset and progression of degenerative diseases, and to reduce and control their symptoms. These health protective effects have been mainly related to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, it must be considered that the application of isolated polyphenols as nutraceuticals is quite limited due to their poor systemic distribution and relative bioavailability. The present review highlights the potential effect of dietary intervention with polyphenol-rich food and plant extracts in patients with cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative, autoimmune, cardiovascular and ophthalmic diseases, as well as the possible molecular mechanisms of action suggested in numerous studies with animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Quero
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología. Unidad de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013, Zaragoza, CIBERobn (Carlos III), IIS Aragón, IA2, Spain.
| | - Inés Mármol
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología. Unidad de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013, Zaragoza, CIBERobn (Carlos III), IIS Aragón, IA2, Spain.
| | - Elena Cerrada
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - María Jesús Rodríguez-Yoldi
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología. Unidad de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013, Zaragoza, CIBERobn (Carlos III), IIS Aragón, IA2, Spain.
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17
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The Role of Oxidative Stress and Autophagy in Blue-Light-Induced Damage to the Retinal Pigment Epithelium in Zebrafish In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031338. [PMID: 33572787 PMCID: PMC7866289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the progressive degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), retina, and choriocapillaris among elderly individuals and is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Thus, a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms in retinal tissue activated by blue light exposure is important for developing novel treatment and intervention strategies. In this study, blue-light-emitting diodes with a wavelength of 440 nm were applied to RPE cells at a dose of 3.7 ± 0.75 mW/cm2 for 24 h. ARPE-19 cells were used to investigate the underlying mechanism induced by blue light exposure. A trypan blue exclusion assay was used for the cell viability determination. Flow cytometry was used for apoptosis rate detection and autophagy analysis. An immunofluorescence microscopy analysis was used to investigate cellular oxidative stress and DNA damage using DCFDA fluorescence staining and an anti-γH2AX antibody. Blue light exposure of zebrafish larvae was established to investigate the effect on retinal tissue development in vivo. To further demonstrate the comprehensive effect of blue light on ARPE-19 cells, next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed for an ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) to reveal additional related mechanisms. The results showed that blue light exposure caused a decrease in cell proliferation and an increase in apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells in a time-dependent manner. Oxidative stress increased during the early stage of 2 h of exposure and activated DNA damage in ARPE-19 cells after 8 h. Furthermore, autophagy was activated in response to blue light exposure at 24-48 h. The zebrafish larvae model showed the unfavorable effect of blue light in prohibiting retinal tissue development. The RNA-Seq results confirmed that blue light induced cell death and participated in tissue growth inhibition and maturation. The current study reveals the mechanisms by which blue light induces cell death in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, both the in vivo and NGS data uncovered blue light's effect on retinal tissue development, suggesting that exposing children to blue light could be relatively dangerous. These results could benefit the development of preventive strategies utilizing herbal medicine-based treatments for eye diseases or degeneration in the future.
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Saccà SC, Izzotti A, Vernazza S, Tirendi S, Scarfì S, Gandolfi S, Bassi AM. Can Polyphenols in Eye Drops Be Useful for Trabecular Protection from Oxidative Damage? J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9113584. [PMID: 33172106 PMCID: PMC7694784 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols, with anti-oxidant properties, counteract oxidative stress effects. Increasing evidence has found oxidative stressto be the main risk factor for trabecular meshwork (TM) damage, leading to high-tension glaucoma. Topical anti-oxidants could represent a new target for glaucoma treatment. Our aim is to investigate the protective mechanisms on a human TM culture of a patented polyphenol and fatty acid (iTRAB®)formulation in response to oxidative stress using an advanced invitromodel consisting of 3D-human TM cells, embedded in a natural hydrogel, and a milli-scaled multi-organ device model for constantdynamic conditions. The 3D-human TM cells(3D-HTMCs) were treated daily with 500 µM H2O2or 500 µM H2O2and 0.15% iTRAB®(m/v) for 72 h, and molecular differences in the intracellular reactive oxygen species (iROS), state of the cells, activation of the apoptosis pathway and NF-kB and the expression ofinflammatory and fibrotic markers wereanalyzed at different time-points.Concomitant exposure significantly reduced iROS and restored TM viability, iTRAB® having a significant inhibitory effect on the apoptotic pathway, activation of NF-κB, induction of pro-inflammatory (IL-1α, IL-1ß and TNFα) and pro-fibrotic (TGFβ) cytokines and the matrix metalloproteinase expressions. It is clear that this specific anti-oxidant provides a valid TM protection, suggesting iTRAB® could be an adjuvant therapy in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.I.); (S.T.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Stefania Vernazza
- IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti via Livenza 3, 00198 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3473892160
| | - Sara Tirendi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.I.); (S.T.); (A.M.B.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Italy;
| | - Sonia Scarfì
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Italy;
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Gandolfi
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Biological, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy;
| | - Anna Maria Bassi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.I.); (S.T.); (A.M.B.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Italy;
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Elfiky AA, Baghdady AM, Ali SA, Ahmed MI. GRP78 targeting: Hitting two birds with a stone. Life Sci 2020; 260:118317. [PMID: 32841659 PMCID: PMC7442953 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose regulating protein 78 (GRP78) is one member of the Heat Shock Protein family of chaperone proteins (HSPA5) found in eukaryotes. It acts as the master of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) process in the lumen of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER). SCOPE Under the stress of unfolded proteins, GRP78 binds to the unfolded proteins to prevent misfolding, while under the load of the unfolded protein, it drives the cell to autophagy or apoptosis. Several attempts reported the overexpression of GRP78 on the cell membrane of cancer cells and cells infected with viruses or fungi. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Cell-surface GRP78 is used as a cancer cell target in previous studies. Additionally, GRP78 is used as a drug target to stop the progression of cancer cells by different compounds, including peptides, antibodies, and some natural compounds. Additionally, it can be used as a protein target to reduce the infectivity of different viruses, including the pandemic SARS-CoV-2. Besides, GRP78 targeting is used in diagnosis and imaging modalities using radionuclides. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This review summarizes the various attempts that used GRP78 both in therapy (fighting cancer, viral and fungal infections) and diagnosis (imaging).
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20
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Tao JX, Zhou WC, Zhu XG. Mitochondria as Potential Targets and Initiators of the Blue Light Hazard to the Retina. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6435364. [PMID: 31531186 PMCID: PMC6721470 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6435364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Commercially available white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have an intense emission in the range of blue light, which has raised a range of public concerns about their potential risks as retinal hazards. Distinct from other visible light components, blue light is characterized by short wavelength, high energy, and strong penetration that can reach the retina with relatively little loss in damage potential. Mitochondria are abundant in retinal tissues, giving them relatively high access to blue light, and chromophores, which are enriched in the retina, have many mitochondria able to absorb blue light and induce photochemical effects. Therefore, excessive exposure of the retina to blue light tends to cause ROS accumulation and oxidative stress, which affect the structure and function of the retinal mitochondria and trigger mitochondria-involved death signaling pathways. In this review, we highlight the essential roles of mitochondria in blue light-induced photochemical damage and programmed cell death in the retina, indicate directions for future research and preventive targets in terms of the blue light hazard to the retina, and suggest applying LED devices in a rational way to prevent the blue light hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xin Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Wen-Chuan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xin-Gen Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
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21
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Sun YJ, Ma S, Fan B, Wang Y, Wang SR, Li GY. Therapeutic hypothermia protects photoreceptors through activating Cirbp pathway. Neurochem Int 2019; 126:86-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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22
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Pawlowska E, Szczepanska J, Koskela A, Kaarniranta K, Blasiak J. Dietary Polyphenols in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Protection against Oxidative Stress and Beyond. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9682318. [PMID: 31019656 PMCID: PMC6451822 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9682318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial disease of the retina featured by degeneration and loss of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells with oxidative stress playing a role in its pathology. Although systematic reviews do not support the protective role of diet rich in antioxidants against AMD, dietary polyphenols (DPs) have been reported to have beneficial effects on vision. Some of them, such as quercetin and cyanidin-3-glucoside, can directly scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the presence of two hydroxyl groups in their B ring structure. Apart from direct ROS scavenging, DPs can lower oxidative stress in several other pathways. Many DPs induce NRF2 (nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 2) activation and expression of phase II enzymes that are under transcriptional control of this factor. DPs can inhibit A2E photooxidation in RPE cells, which is a source of oxidative stress. Anti-inflammatory action of DPs in RPE cells is associated with regulation of various interleukins and signaling pathways, including IL-6/JAK2 (Janus kinase 2)/STAT3. Some DPs can improve impaired cellular waste clearance, including AMD-specific deficient phagocytosis of the Aβ42 peptide and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Pawlowska
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Szczepanska
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ali Koskela
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70029, Finland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70029, Finland
| | - Janusz Blasiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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23
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Liu SY, Song JY, Fan B, Wang Y, Pan YR, Che L, Sun YJ, Li GY. Resveratrol protects photoreceptors by blocking caspase- and PARP-dependent cell death pathways. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:569-581. [PMID: 30342188 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Retinal degeneration is a major cause of severe vision loss and irreversible blindness and is characterized by progressive damage to retinal photoreceptor cells. Resveratrol (RSV) serves as an activator of the histone deacetylase, Sirt1, and has been shown to exert anti-oxidative properties. In this study, we mimicked retinal degeneration by subjecting photoreceptors (661 W cells) to glucose deprivation (GD) or light exposure. Under these conditions, we investigated the mechanisms underlying GD- or light exposure-induced cell death and the protective effect of RSV. We found that GD and light exposure resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and cell death. Treatment of injured cells with RSV decreased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), improved the ratio of reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG), mitochondrial membrane potential and morphology, and reduced apoptosis. We used the caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk, and a lentiviral-mediated shRNA knockdown of PARP-1 to reveal that GD and light exposure-induced cell death have different underlying mechanisms; GD triggered a caspase-dependent cell death pathway, whereas light exposure triggered a PARP-dependent cell death pathway. The level of caspase-9 and caspase-3, upregulated following GD, were reduced by treatment with RSV. Similarly, the level of PARP-1 and AIF, upregulated following light exposure, were decreased by treatment with RSV. Additionally, treatment with RSV elevated the protein expression and enzymatic activity of Sirt1 and a Sirt1 inhibitor reduced the protective effect of RSV against insult-induced cellular injuries, indicating that RSV's protective effect may involve Sirt1 activation. Finally, we investigated the neuroprotection of RSV in vivo. Administration of RSV to mice under extreme light exposure led to a suppression of the light-induced thinning of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) detected by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and restored retinal function evaluated by electroretinography (ERG). Taken together, our findings provide evidence that treatment with RSV has neuroprotective effects on both GD and light exposure-induced cell death pathways in photoreceptor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of JiLin University, ChangChun 130041, China
| | - Jing-Yao Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of JiLin University, ChangChun 130041, China
| | - Bin Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of JiLin University, ChangChun 130041, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Hemooncolog, Second Hospital of JiLin University, ChangChun 130041, China
| | - Yi-Ran Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of JiLin University, ChangChun 130041, China
| | - Lin Che
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of JiLin University, ChangChun 130041, China
| | - Ying-Jian Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of JiLin University, ChangChun 130041, China
| | - Guang-Yu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of JiLin University, ChangChun 130041, China.
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Huang P, Sun J, Wang F, Luo X, Zhu H, Gu Q, Sun X, Liu T, Sun X. DNMT1 and Sp1 competitively regulate the expression of BACE1 in A2E-mediated photo-oxidative damage in RPE cells. Neurochem Int 2018; 121:59-68. [PMID: 30273642 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have focused on the deteriorate role of amyloid-β (Aβ) on retina, implying the potential pathogenic mechanism underlying age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, the mechanism underlying the Aβ deposition in AMD patients remains unknown. Beta-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), rate-limiting enzyme for Aβ production, plays an important role in Aβ deposition in the brain. In the current study, we aimed to clarify the regulation mechanism of BACE1 and explore potential drug targets using a lipofuscinfluorophore A2E-mediated photo-oxidation model. In this model, Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 levels increased simultaneously with the enhanced BACE1 expression. These changes were associated with the hypomethylation of specific loci within the BACE1 gene promoter and the decreased levels of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). Furthermore, we noticed overlapping regions of differentially methylated CpG islands and specificity protein (Sp1) binding sites within the BACE1 promoter. We employed chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay to verify that the decreased BACE1 promoter methylation by DNMT1 enabled increased binding between Sp1 and the BACE1 promoter, which further enhanced BACE1 transcription. The inhibition of Sp1 with mithramycin A (MTM) could down-regulate the expression of BACE1 as well as alleviate the RPE barrier morphology and function impairment. Our results for the first time show the competitive regulation of BACE1 by transcription factor Sp1 and DNMT1 after photo-oxidation and confirm the potential novel protective role of MTM on RPE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peirong Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Junran Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenghua Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueting Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangjun Sun
- School of Biology and Agriculture, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Te Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA; Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Henneman NF, Foster SL, Chrenek MA, Sellers JT, Wright CB, Schmidt RH, Nickerson JM, Boatright JH. Xanthohumol Protects Morphology and Function in a Mouse Model of Retinal Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 59:45-53. [PMID: 29305606 PMCID: PMC5756043 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-22132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate whether treatment with xanthohumol (XN), the principal prenylated chalconoid from Humulus lupulus (hops), is protective in a mouse model of light-induced retinal degeneration (LIRD). Methods Mice (129S2/SvPasCrl) were intraperitoneally injected with vehicle or XN prior to toxic light exposure and every 3 days thereafter. Retinal function was assessed by electroretinograms at 1, 2, and 4 weeks following toxic light exposure. Visual acuity was tested by optokinetic tracking 1 week and 4 weeks after toxic light exposure. Retina sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for morphologic analysis or by TUNEL. Redox potentials were assessed in retinal tissue by measuring levels of cysteine (CYS), cystine (CYSS), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) using HPLC with fluorescence detection. Results Toxic light significantly suppressed retinal function and visual acuity, severely disrupted the photoreceptor cell layer, and significantly decreased the number of nuclei and increased the accumulation of TUNEL-labeled cells in the outer nuclear layer. These effects were prevented by XN treatment. Treatment with XN also maintained GSSG and CYSS redox potentials and the total CYS pool in retinas of mice undergoing toxic light exposure. Conclusions XN treatment partially preserved visual acuity and retinal function in the LIRD mouse. Preservation of retinal CYS and of GSSG and CYSS redox potentials may indicate that XN treatment induces an increased antioxidant response, but further experiments are needed to verify this potential mechanism. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report protective effects of XN in a model of retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel F Henneman
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States.,Center for Visual and Neurorehabilitative Research, Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, United States
| | - Stephanie L Foster
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Micah A Chrenek
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Jana T Sellers
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Charles B Wright
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Robin H Schmidt
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - John M Nickerson
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Jeffrey H Boatright
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States.,Center for Visual and Neurorehabilitative Research, Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, United States
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26
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Wei X, Qi Y, Jia N, Zhou Q, Zhang S, Wang Y. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment sensitizes gastric cancer cells to melatonin-induced apoptosis through multiple pathways. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:6723-6731. [PMID: 29665051 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although extensive efforts have been made in recent decades to treat advanced gastric cancer with comprehensive therapy based on chemotherapy, effective anti-gastric cancer therapeutics are still lacking in the clinics. Therefore, potent novel anti-gastric cancer ways are greatly needed. Here, we explored hyperbaric oxygen treatment as a novel and effective adjuvant treatment method which has anti-gastric cancer effects when used together with melatonin. When performed together with MLT, HBO effectively inhibited tumorigenicity of gastric cancer through selectively inducing a robust tumor suppressive apoptosis response. Mechanistic studies revealed that the sensitizing effect of hyperbaric oxygen is due to decreased ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, increased level of p53, cleaved Caspase3, GRP78, CHOP, and LC3. These results give a vivid picture that classic apoptosis pathways including mitochondrial pathway, tumor suppressive endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), and autophagy are all involved in the process. From the preliminary results got from the current study, we identified that HBO sensitizes human gastric cancer cells to MLT-induced apoptosis through a variety of complicated molecular mechanisms. HBO may provide a novel candidate supplemental treatment method for further development of potential anti-gastric cancer therapeutics. The combination of HBO and MLT could be a promising treatment for advanced gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wei
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Key Laboratory of Gene Research of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China.,General Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Yinliang Qi
- General Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Ning Jia
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Key Laboratory of Gene Research of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Key Laboratory of Gene Research of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Sumei Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Key Laboratory of Gene Research of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China.,General Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Key Laboratory of Gene Research of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
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Light action spectrum on oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in A2E-loaded retinal pigment epithelium cells. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:287. [PMID: 29459695 PMCID: PMC5833722 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0331-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aims Blue light is an identified risk factor for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We investigated oxidative stress markers and mitochondrial changes in A2E-loaded retinal pigment epithelium cells under the blue–green part of the solar spectrum that reaches the retina to better understand the mechanisms underlying light-elicited toxicity. Results Primary retinal pigment epithelium cells were loaded with a retinal photosensitizer, AE2, to mimic aging. Using a custom-made illumination device that delivers 10 nm-wide light bands, we demonstrated that A2E-loaded RPE cells generated high levels of both hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2•−) when exposed to blue–violet light. In addition, they exhibited perinuclear clustering of mitochondria with a decrease of both their mitochondrial membrane potential and their respiratory activities. The increase of oxidative stress resulted in increased levels of the oxidized form of glutathione and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities. Furthermore, mRNA expression levels of the main antioxidant enzymes (SOD2, catalase, and GPX1) also decreased. Conclusions Using an innovative illumination device, we measured the precise action spectrum of the oxidative stress mechanisms on A2E-loaded retinal pigment epithelium cells. We defined 415–455 nm blue–violet light, within the solar spectrum reaching the retina, to be the spectral band that generates the highest amount of reactive oxygen species and produces the highest level of mitochondrial dysfunction, explaining its toxic effect. This study further highlights the need to filter these wavelengths from the eyes of AMD patients.
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28
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Jaadane I, Villalpando Rodriguez GE, Boulenguez P, Chahory S, Carré S, Savoldelli M, Jonet L, Behar‐Cohen F, Martinsons C, Torriglia A. Effects of white light-emitting diode (LED) exposure on retinal pigment epithelium in vivo. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:3453-3466. [PMID: 28661040 PMCID: PMC5706508 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing and alteration of the functions of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) are at the origin of lost of vision seen in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The RPE is known to be vulnerable to high-energy blue light. The white light-emitting diodes (LED) commercially available have relatively high content of blue light, a feature that suggest that they could be deleterious for this retinal cell layer. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of "white LED" exposure on RPE. For this, commercially available white LEDs were used for exposure experiments on Wistar rats. Immunohistochemical stain on RPE flat mount, transmission electron microscopy and Western blot were used to exam the RPE. LED-induced RPE damage was evaluated by studying oxidative stress, stress response pathways and cell death pathways as well as the integrity of the outer blood-retinal barrier (BRB). We show that white LED light caused structural alterations leading to the disruption of the outer blood-retinal barrier. We observed an increase in oxidized molecules, disturbance of basal autophagy and cell death by necrosis. We conclude that white LEDs induced strong damages in rat RPE characterized by the breakdown of the BRB and the induction of necrotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imene Jaadane
- INSERM U1138Centre de Recherches des CordeliersUniversité Paris DescartesUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieParisFrance
- ENVA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort. Unité d'ophtalmologieMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | | | - Pierre Boulenguez
- Division Eclairage et électromagnétismeCSTB, Centre Scientifique et Technique du BâtimentSaint Martin d'HèresFrance
| | - Sabine Chahory
- ENVA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort. Unité d'ophtalmologieMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - Samuel Carré
- Division Eclairage et électromagnétismeCSTB, Centre Scientifique et Technique du BâtimentSaint Martin d'HèresFrance
| | - Michèle Savoldelli
- INSERM U1138Centre de Recherches des CordeliersUniversité Paris DescartesUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieParisFrance
| | - Laurent Jonet
- INSERM U1138Centre de Recherches des CordeliersUniversité Paris DescartesUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieParisFrance
| | - Francine Behar‐Cohen
- INSERM U1138Centre de Recherches des CordeliersUniversité Paris DescartesUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieParisFrance
| | - Christophe Martinsons
- Division Eclairage et électromagnétismeCSTB, Centre Scientifique et Technique du BâtimentSaint Martin d'HèresFrance
| | - Alicia Torriglia
- INSERM U1138Centre de Recherches des CordeliersUniversité Paris DescartesUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieParisFrance
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29
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Xu Z, Sun T, Li W, Sun X. Inhibiting effects of dietary polyphenols on chronic eye diseases. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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30
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Weng S, Mao L, Gong Y, Sun T, Gu Q. Role of quercetin in protecting ARPE‑19 cells against H2O2‑induced injury via nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2 pathway activation and endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibition. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:3461-3468. [PMID: 28713895 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Age‑related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common cause of irreversible blindness in the elderly in the western world. Research has demonstrated that degenerative and progressive conditions of retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells are the key pathogenic mechanisms in AMD. Previous research has indicated the anti‑apoptosis, anti‑oxidant, anti‑inflammatory and anti‑cancer properties of quercetin. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of quercetin on the ARPE‑19 human retinal pigment epithelial cell line. ARPE‑19 cells were pretreated with various concentrations of quercetin (0‑80 µM) before exposure to 300 µM H2O2. Cell viability was assessed and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined. The importance of the NF‑E2‑related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway was corroborated by western blotting and immunostaining. The protein expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum‑associated stress responsive genes and apoptotic markers were assessed by western blotting. The results demonstrated that in the H2O2 group, cell viability was weakened, but preserved in quercetin group in a dose‑dependent manner, particularly at 20 µM. The level of ROS decreased in the quercetin group compared with the control groups. In the quercetin group, the expression levels of Nrf2 and phase II enzymes (NQO1 and HO‑1) were increased, whereas the levels of ER stress markers (binding of immunoglobulin protein, CCAAT/enhancer‑binding protein homologous protein and phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α) were reduced. Cell apoptosis‑associated protein expression levels were altered, with the increase of B‑cell lymphoma 2 and reduction of Bcl‑2 X‑associated protein. In conclusion, quercetin protected ARPE‑19 cells from H2O2‑induced cytotoxicity by activating the Nrf2 pathway, inhibiting ER stress and targeting anti‑apoptotic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Weng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Hongkou, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Lei Mao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Hongkou, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Hongkou, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Hongkou, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Qing Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Hongkou, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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31
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Yun KL, Wang ZY. Target/signalling pathways of natural plant-derived radioprotective agents from treatment to potential candidates: A reverse thought on anti-tumour drugs. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:1122-1151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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32
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Lu B, Sun T, Li W, Sun X, Yao X, Sun X. Piceatannol protects ARPE-19 cells against vitamin A dimer-mediated photo-oxidative damage through activation of Nrf2/NQO1 signalling. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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33
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Kang JH, Choung SY. Protective effects of resveratrol and its analogs on age-related macular degeneration in vitro. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 39:1703-1715. [PMID: 27659166 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0839-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Damage of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells by A2E may be critical for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) management. Accumulation and photooxidation of A2E are known to be one of the critical causes in AMD. Here, we evaluated the protective effect of resveratrol (RES), piceatannol (PIC) and RES glycones on blue-light-induced RPE cell death caused by A2E photooxidation. A2E treatment followed by blue light exposure caused significant damages on human RPE cells (ARPE-19). But the damages were attenuated by post- and pre-treatment of RES and PIC in our in vitro models. The results of cell free system and FAB-MS analysis clearly showed that the reduction of A2E by blue light exposure was significantly rescued, and that oxidized forms of A2E were significantly reduced by RES or PIC treatment. Besides, RES or PIC inhibited the intracellular accumulation of A2E. Not only RES and PIC but RES glycones showed protection of ARPE-19 cells against A2E and blue-light-induced photo-damage. These findings demonstrate that RES and its analogs may have protective effects against A2E and blue-light-induced ARPE-19 cell death through regulation of A2E accumulation as well as photooxidation of A2E. Thus RES and its analogs may be beneficial for AMD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwan Kang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Young Choung
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Preventive Pharmacy and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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34
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Jin HL, Lee SC, Kwon YS, Choung SY, Jeong KW. A novel fluorescence-based assay for measuring A2E removal from human retinal pigment epithelial cells to screen for age-related macular degeneration inhibitors. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 117:560-7. [PMID: 26604166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common retinal disease that leads to irreversible central vision loss in the elderly population. Recent studies have identified many factors related to the development of dry AMD, such as aging, cigarette smoking, genetic predispositions, and oxidative stress, eventually inducing the accumulation of lipofuscin, which is one of the most critical risk factors. One of the major lipofuscins in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine (also known as A2E), a pyridinium bis-retinoid. Currently there is a lack of effective therapy to prevent or restore vision loss caused by dry AMD. Recent studies have shown that 430 nm blue light induces the oxidation of A2E and the activation of caspase-3 to subsequently cause the death of RPE cells, suggesting that removal of A2E from retinal pigment cells might be critical for preventing AMD. Here, we developed a fluorescence-labeled A2E analog (A2E-BDP) that functions similar to A2E in RPE cells, but is more sensitive to detection than A2E. A2E-BDP-based tracing of intracellular A2E will be helpful, not only for studying the accumulation and removal of A2E in human RPE cells but also for identifying possible inhibitors of AMD.
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35
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Fang JY, Wang PW, Huang CH, Chen MH, Wu YR, Pan TL. Skin aging caused by intrinsic or extrinsic processes characterized with functional proteomics. Proteomics 2016; 16:2718-2731. [PMID: 27459910 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The skin provides protection against environmental stress. However, intrinsic and extrinsic aging causes significant alteration to skin structure and components, which subsequently impairs molecular characteristics and biochemical processes. Here, we have conducted an immunohistological investigation and established the proteome profiles on nude mice skin to verify the specific responses during aging caused by different factors. Our results showed that UVB-elicited aging results in upregulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and strong oxidative damage in DNA, whereas chronological aging abolished epidermal cell growth and increased the expression of caspase-14, as well as protein carbonylation. Network analysis indicated that the programmed skin aging activated the ubiquitin system and triggered obvious downregulation of 14-3-3 sigma, which might accelerate the loss of cell growth capacity. On the other hand, UVB stimulation enhanced inflammation and the risk of skin carcinogenesis. Collectively, functional proteomics could provide large-scale investigation of the potent proteins and molecules that play important roles in skin subjected to both intrinsic and extrinsic aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsun Huang
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ru Wu
- Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Long Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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36
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Fronk AH, Vargis E. Methods for culturing retinal pigment epithelial cells: a review of current protocols and future recommendations. J Tissue Eng 2016; 7:2041731416650838. [PMID: 27493715 PMCID: PMC4959307 DOI: 10.1177/2041731416650838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium is an important part of the vertebrate eye, particularly in studying the causes and possible treatment of age-related macular degeneration. The retinal pigment epithelium is difficult to access in vivo due to its location at the back of the eye, making experimentation with age-related macular degeneration treatments problematic. An alternative to in vivo experimentation is cultivating the retinal pigment epithelium in vitro, a practice that has been going on since the 1970s, providing a wide range of retinal pigment epithelial culture protocols, each producing cells and tissue of varying degrees of similarity to natural retinal pigment epithelium. The purpose of this review is to provide researchers with a ready list of retinal pigment epithelial protocols, their effects on cultured tissue, and their specific possible applications. Protocols using human and animal retinal pigment epithelium cells, derived from tissue or cell lines, are discussed, and recommendations for future researchers included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron H Fronk
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Elizabeth Vargis
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
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37
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Li W, Jiang Y, Sun T, Yao X, Sun X. Supplementation of procyanidins B2 attenuates photooxidation-induced apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 67:650-9. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1189886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Li
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Jiang
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Sun
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin Yao
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangjun Sun
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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