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Watanabe N, Inoue K, Hara H, Midorikawa M, Ohta M, Ohkura N. Randomised, double-blind, parallel group comparison of Ashitaba ( Angelica Keiskei) chalcone effects on visceral fat areas and waist circumference of overweight persons. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2024; 75:426-435. [PMID: 38557440 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2024.2334070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
This randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group study aimed to determine whether encapsulated Ashitaba chalcone (16 mg comprising 10.1 mg 4-hydroxyderricin and 5.9 mg xanthoangelol) could reduce obesity in 17 men and 25 women with a body mass index (BMI) of 25 to < 30. Participants ingested capsules containing either the chalcone or a placebo daily for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was changes in visceral fat areas determined by computed tomography (CT) at baseline, and at 8 and 12 weeks later. The primary endpoint, abdominal visceral fat area, was significantly reduced in the chalcone, compared with a placebo group 12 weeks after screening (p < 0.05). The secondary endpoint, waist circumference, was significantly decreased in the chalcone, compared with the placebo group at weeks 8 and 12 (p < 0.05 at week 8; p < 0.01 at week 12). Therefore, Ashitaba chalcone has anti-obesity benefits for overweight men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mitsuhiro Ohta
- Research Institute for Production Development, Kyoto, Japan
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2
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Turck D, Bohn T, Castenmiller J, De Henauw S, Hirsch‐Ernst KI, Maciuk A, Mangelsdorf I, McArdle HJ, Naska A, Pentieva K, Siani A, Thies F, Tsabouri S, Vinceti M, Aguilera‐Gómez M, Cubadda F, Frenzel T, Heinonen M, Prieto Maradona M, Neuhäuser‐Berthold M, Poulsen M, Schlatter JR, Siskos A, van Loveren H, Glymenaki M, Kouloura E, Knutsen HK. Safety of ashitaba sap as a Novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8645. [PMID: 38469361 PMCID: PMC10926279 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on ashitaba sap as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. Ashitaba sap is collected from harvested stems of Angelica keiskei plants. The principal constituents of the sap with regard to the safety assessment are chalcones (1%-2.25%) and furanocoumarins (< 0.01%). The applicant proposed to use the NF in food supplements at a maximum dose of 780 mg per day. The target population is adults excluding pregnant and lactating women. Taking into consideration the composition of the NF and the proposed uses, the composition of the NF is not nutritionally disadvantageous. There are no concerns regarding genotoxicity of the NF. Based on a 90-day oral toxicity study performed with the product as intended to be placed on the market (30% ashitaba sap powder and 70% cyclodextrins), the Panel establishes a safe dose of 0.5 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day for the product as it is intended to be placed on the market. For the target population, i.e. adults, this safe dose corresponds to 35 mg per day of the product as it is intended to be placed on the market and 137 mg per day of the NF, which is lower than the use level proposed by the applicant. The Panel concludes that the NF is safe for the target population at intake levels up to 137 mg per day.
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Gunia-Krzyżak A, Popiół J, Słoczyńska K, Żelaszczyk D, Orzeł K, Koczurkiewicz-Adamczyk P, Wójcik-Pszczoła K, Kasza P, Borczuch-Kostańska M, Pękala E. In silico and in vitro evaluation of a safety profile of a cosmetic ingredient: 4-methoxychalcone (4-MC). Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 93:105696. [PMID: 37722549 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Chalcone is an important scaffold within medicinal and cosmetic chemistry. The structure enables multiple modifications which may result in obtaining compounds with desirable bioactivity. One of the chalcone derivatives, 4-methoxychalcone is a known cosmetic ingredient indexed in Cosing database as an antioxidant, bleaching, and skin conditioning substance. We investigated its in silico and in vitro safety profile. In silico study using Derek Nexus showed its potential of skin sensitisation, equivocal nature of chromosome damage in vitro in mammals, but also no mutagenic properties. In vitro research proved its activity as melanogenesis inhibitor in B16F10 cell line at the doses 12.5-3.125 μM. Evaluations performed in various cell lines showed that the cytotoxic doses were 50-25 μM. Tests in Episkin™ proved its ability to penetrate across epidermis and enabled classification of 2% formulation in PEG as non-irritant. In micronucleus tests it showed no genotoxicity. Studies in Cunninghamella echinulata model proved that 4-methoxychalcone was metabolised to less lipophilic products. 4-methoxychalcone showed phototoxic potential, its EC50(+UV) = 3.57 μg/mL, PIF = 10.19 and MPE = 0.428 were comparable to chlorpromazine. Moreover, 4-methoxychalcone showed ecotoxic potential in Microtox® assay with EC50(5 min) = 0.0047 mg/L and EC50(15 min) = 0.0033 mg/L. Although active doses were lower than toxic ones, some potential safety risks were noticed. Especially, due to the phototoxicity potential of 4-methoxychalcone, its use as depigmenting agent should involve avoidance of sunlight and use of appropriate photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gunia-Krzyżak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland.
| | - Justyna Popiół
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland.
| | - Karolina Słoczyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland.
| | - Dorota Żelaszczyk
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Orzeł
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland
| | - Paulina Koczurkiewicz-Adamczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Wójcik-Pszczoła
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland.
| | - Patryk Kasza
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland.
| | - Magda Borczuch-Kostańska
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pękala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland.
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Yang H, Li Y, Xu W, Liu W, Xie Y. Exploring the underlying mechanisms of Ashitaba in the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by integrating the analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1247851. [PMID: 37920601 PMCID: PMC10618682 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1247851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ashitaba seems to improve glucose intolerance and decrease triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC), which contribute to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, it remains to be explored the mechanism of Ashitaba in managing NAFLD. We determined the impact of Ashitaba on NAFLD, particularly its underlying mechanisms at the bioinformatic level. The established NAFLD mouse model was treated with or without Ashitaba, and the underlying mechanism was explored using transcriptomics paired with metabolomics. Ashitaba reduced obesity and liver steatosis in NAFLD mice. It identified 429 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and verified 45 differential metabolites, especially those that alleviate NAFLD via the FXR signaling pathway. Our data may provide insight into the therapeutic impact of Ashitaba in the management of NAFLD and may be useful in clinical interventions for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Changning Administration Center of Public Hospital and Community Healthcare Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunshan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Seven People's Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihong Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Rowhanirad S, Taherianfard M. The neuroprotective effects of Chalcones from Ashitaba on cuprizone-induced demyelination via modulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tumor necrosis factor α. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3144. [PMID: 37403256 PMCID: PMC10498084 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. However, the limitations of available therapeutic strategies are frustrating, both in terms of their low efficacy and multiple side effects. Previous studies showed that natural compounds such as Chalcones possess neuroprotective effects on neurodegenerative disorders. However, few studies have so far been published on the potential effects of Chalcones on treating demyelinating disease. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of Chalcones from Ashitaba (ChA) on cuprizone-induced noxious changes in the C57BL6 mice model of MS. METHODS The mice received normal diets (Control group: CNT), or Cuprizone-supplemented diets either without ChA (Cuprizone group: CPZ) or with low or high (300, 600 mg/kg/day) doses of ChA (ChA-treated groups: CPZ+ChA300/600). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) levels, demyelination scores in the corpus callosum (CC), and cognitive impairment were evaluated using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, histological, and Y-maze tests, respectively. RESULTS The findings showed that ChA Co-treatment significantly reduced the extent of demyelination in the CC and the serum and brain levels of TNFα in the ChA-treated groups compared to the CPZ group. Besides, treatment with a higher dose of ChA significantly improved the behavioral responses and BDNF levels in the serum and brain of the CPZ+ChA600 group when compared with the CPZ group. CONCLUSION The present study provided evidence for the neuroprotective effects of ChA on cuprizone-induced demyelination and behavioral dysfunction in C57BL/6 mice, possibly by modulating TNFα secretion and BDNF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soodeh Rowhanirad
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Science, School of Veterinary MedicineShiraz UniversityShirazIran
| | - Mahnaz Taherianfard
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Science, School of Veterinary MedicineShiraz UniversityShirazIran
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Pang X, Gao X, Liu F, Jiang Y, Wang M, Li Q, Li Z. Xanthoangelol modulates Caspase-1-dependent pyroptotic death among hepatocellular carcinoma cells with high expression of GSDMD. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Nazari A, Mirian M, Aghaei M, Aliomrani M. 4-Hydroxyhalcone effects on cisplatin-induced genotoxicity model. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:11-17. [PMID: 33613968 PMCID: PMC7885192 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genotoxicity of cisplatin (CP) as a platinum-based antineoplastic agent due to its oxidative stress induction was well known. In this research, we examined 4-hydroxychalcone (4-HCH) as a natural food that presents flavonoid effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and CP-induced in vivo genotoxicity. METHOD AND MATERIALS Cytotoxicity of CP and 4-HCH was measured on human embryonic kidney 293 cells with MTT assay. Then, intracellular ROS content at IC50 concentration of CP was measured with 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) dye. Finally, 4-HCH was administered intraperitoneally at 10 and 40 mg/kg/BW doses as a pre and post-treatment schedule in a mice model of CP genotoxicity (7 mg/kg). Acridine-orange-stained bone marrow cells were quantified for micronucleus presence examination. RESULTS The calculated IC50 of CP and 4-HCH were reported around 19.4 and 133.6 μM, respectively, on HEK293 cells. Also, it was observed that 4-HCH at 0.2, 2 and 10 μM concentrations did not show obvious cytotoxicity. The fluorimetry confirmed that pre-treatment with 10 μM and co-treatment with 2 μM of 4-HCH could attenuate the CP-induced ROS production (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Also, the lowest micronucleated cells were seen in 10 mg/kg 4-HCH-treated group after CP exposure (39 ± 7.9, P < 0.0001). DISCUSSION Our results demonstrated the antigenotoxic action of 4-HCH in CP-treated mice bone marrow cells for the first time in both concentrations of 10 and 40 mg/kg especially in the form of co-treatment. Further studies required clinical application of this compound in a combination of CP to attenuate the normal cells' genotoxicity side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Nazari
- Toxicology M.SC Candidate, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Isfahan 83714, Iran
| | - Mina Mirian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Isfahan 83714, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Aghaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 83714, Iran
| | - Mehdi Aliomrani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Isfahan 83714, Iran
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Véras JH, do Vale CR, da Silva Lima DC, dos Anjos MM, Bernardes A, de Moraes Filho AV, e Silva CR, de Oliveira GR, Pérez CN, Chen-Chen L. Modulating effect of a hydroxychalcone and a novel coumarin–chalcone hybrid against mitomycin-induced genotoxicity in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:775-784. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1776314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Hollanda Véras
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Camila Regina do Vale
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Débora Cristina da Silva Lima
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Bernardes
- Chemistry Institute, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Aroldo Vieira de Moraes Filho
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Carolina Ribeiro e Silva
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lee Chen-Chen
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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A Chalcone from Ashitaba ( Angelica keiskei) Stimulates Myoblast Differentiation and Inhibits Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102419. [PMID: 31658768 PMCID: PMC6835314 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ashitaba, Angelica keiskei Koidzumi (AK), as a traditional medicine in Korea, Japan, and China, has been known as an elixir of life having therapeutic potential. However, there is no scientific evidence to support that Ashitaba can enhance or maintain muscle strength. To find a new therapeutic agent from the medicinal plant, we evaluated the anti-myopathy effect of chalcones from ethanol extract of AK (EAK) in cellular and animal models of muscle atrophy. To examine anti-myopathy activity, EAK was treated into dexamethasone injected rats and muscle thickness and histopathological images were analyzed. Oral administration of EAK (250 or 500 mg/kg) alleviated muscle atrophic damages and down-regulated the mRNA levels of muscle-specific ubiquitin-E3 ligases. Among ten compounds isolated from EAK, 4-hydroxyderricin was the most effective principle in stimulating myogenesis of C2C12 myoblasts via activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). In three cellular muscle atrophy models with C2C12 myoblasts damaged by dexamethasone or cancer cell-conditioned medium, 4-hydroxyderricin protected the myosin heavy chain (MHC) degradation through suppressing expressions of MAFbx, MuRF-1 and myostatin. These results suggest that the ethanol extract and its active principle, 4-hydroxyderricin from AK, can overcome the muscle atrophy through double mechanisms of decreasing muscle protein degradation and activating myoblast differentiation.
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Kusuma SAF, Iskandar Y, Dewanti MA. The ethanolic extract of ashitaba stem ( Angelica keskei [Miq.] Koidz) as future antituberculosis. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2018; 9:37-41. [PMID: 29441323 PMCID: PMC5801586 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_283_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the easy contagion of tuberculosis (TB) disease spread and the emergence of multidrug-resistant TB, which directly impacts the failure of therapeutic goals and mortality rates increasing, TB disease control remains to be the main concern of continuous health development effort. Therefore, the discovery of new TB drug is needed. This research assessed the new natural anti-TB drug from the ethanolic extract of Angelica keiskei stem obtained from Lombok, Indonesia. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Rv strain to A. keiskei stem extract and to determine its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The extraction methods of A. keiskei stem were done using a maceration method. In addition to phytochemical screening and water content analysis using standard method, the phytochemical parameters were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography. Ethanolic extract of A. keiskei stem was assayed for their Mtb inhibitory activity using the proportion method. The phytochemical analysis result showed that the secondary metabolites contain in the extract were flavonoid, polyphenol, tannin, monoterpenoid and sesquiterpen, quinon, and saponin. The anti-TB test result showed the active activity of ethanolic extract of A. keiskei against Mtb H37Rv strain with MIC ranging from 6% to 8% w/v. In conclusion, ethanolic extract of A. keiskei is a prospective natural anti-TB for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Agung Fitri Kusuma
- Department of Biology Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Yoppi Iskandar
- Department of Biology Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Mutiara Ayu Dewanti
- Department of Biology Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
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Choi YH, Lee HS, Chung CK, Kim EJ, Kang IJ. Protective effects of an ethanol extract of Angelica keiskei against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in HepG2 and HepaRG cells. Nutr Res Pract 2017; 11:97-104. [PMID: 28386382 PMCID: PMC5376537 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2017.11.2.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Although Angelica keiskei (AK) has widely been utilized for the purpose of general health improvement among Asian, its functionality and mechanism of action. The aim of this study was to determine the protective effect of ethanol extract of AK (AK-Ex) on acute hepatotoxicity induced by acetaminophen (AAP) in HepG2 human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cells and HepaRG human hepatic progenitor cells. MATERIALS/METHODS AK-Ex was prepared HepG2 and HepaRG cells were cultured with various concentrations and 30 mM AAP. The protective effects of AK-Ex against AAP-induced hepatotoxicity in HepG2 and HepaRG cells were evaluated using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, flow cytometry, and Western blotting. RESULTS AK-Ex, when administered prior to AAP, increased cell growth and decreased leakage of LDH in a dose-dependent manner in HepG2 and HepaRG cells against AAP-induced hepatotoxicity. AK-Ex increased the level of Bcl-2 and decreased the levels of Bax, Bok and Bik decreased the permeability of the mitochondrial membrane in HepG2 cells intoxicated with AAP. AK-Ex decreased the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and the activation of caspase-9, -7, and -3. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that AK-Ex downregulates apoptosis via intrinsic and extrinsic pathways against AAP-induced hepatotoxicity. We suggest that AK could be a useful preventive agent against AAP-induced apoptosis in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Hee Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea
| | - Hyun Sook Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dongseo University, Busan 47011, Korea
| | - Cha-Kwon Chung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea
| | - Eun Ji Kim
- Center for Efficacy Assessment and Development of Functional Food and Drugs, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea
| | - Il-Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea
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Lima DCDS, do Vale CR, Véras JH, Bernardes A, Pérez CN, Chen-Chen L. Absence of genotoxic effects of the chalcone (E)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-methylphenyl)-prop-2-en-1-one) and its potential chemoprevention against DNA damage using in vitro and in vivo assays. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171224. [PMID: 28207781 PMCID: PMC5312962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The chalcone (E)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-methylphenyl)-prop-2-en-1-one), or 2HMC, displays antileishmanial, antimalarial, and antioxidant activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic, and protective effects of 2HMC using the Ames mutagenicity test, the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test, and the comet assay in mice. In the assessment using the Ames test, 2HMC did not increase the number of His+ revertants in Salmonella typhimurium strains, demonstrating lack of mutagenicity. 2HMC showed no significant increase in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte frequency (MNPCE) in the micronucleus test, or in DNA strand breaks using the comet assay, evidencing absence of genotoxicity. Regarding cytotoxicity, 2HMC exhibited moderate cytotoxicity in mouse bone marrow cells by micronucleus test. 2HMC showed antimutagenic action in co-administration with the positive controls, sodium azide (SA) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO), in the Ames test. Co-administered and mainly pre-administered with cyclophosphamide (CPA), 2HMC caused a decrease in the frequency of MNPCE using the micronucleus test and in DNA strand breaks using the comet assay. Thus, 2HMC exhibited antimutagenic and antigenotoxic effects, displaying a DNA-protective effect against CPA, SA, and 4NQO carcinogens. In conclusion, 2HMC presented antimutagenic, antigenotoxic and moderate cytotoxic effects; therefore it is a promising molecule for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camila Regina do Vale
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Hollanda Véras
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Aline Bernardes
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Caridad Noda Pérez
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Lee Chen-Chen
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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