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Zeverdegani SK, Ordudari Z, Karimi A, Esmaeili R, Khorvash MK. Comparison of the chemical health risk assessment of exposure to metal fumes for the furnace operator of a foundry industry using quantitative and semi-quantitative methods. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12913. [PMID: 36691532 PMCID: PMC9860271 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals have several adverse effects on the workers' bodies due to their accumulation in the vital organs. Besides that, the current study aimed to assess the health risk of exposure to metal fumes for furnace operators working in a foundry industry based on the three different methods. The current sectional descriptive-analytical research conducted on a foundry industry in Isfahan (Iran) in 2022. Three common methods currently available, including the Semi-Quantitative Risk Assessment Method (SQRCA) and two methods provided based on the US-EPA provided technique, were used in this study. At first, the extent of people's exposure to metal fumes of Fe, Ni, Cr, and Mn was measured. Then, the chemical risk assessment of exposure to these metals' fumes was done using the three methods, and their results were compared. The SPSS Ver.25 has been used for data analysis and comparison in the current study. Results indicated that the furnace operator's exposure to all four metals was above the allowed limit of occupational exposure. The chemical risk assessment results also showed that in the first method (US-EPA-based), the risk of exposure for all workers was acceptable, while in the second method (SQCRA), the risk level of a majority of workers was medium, and in the third method (US-EPA-based), the risk level of a majority of workers was not acceptable. Comparing the methods showed that average risk scores in the first and second methods were significant compared to the exposure to fumes with equivalent concentration (Pvalue<0.05). The average score of carcinogenicity risk in method 3 was significant compared to the concentration of chromium and nickel (P-value < 0.05), but it was not significant for iron and manganese and the non-carcinogenic risk of chromium and nickel. Chemical exposure risk level for the furnace operator was approximately moderate in all three methods. In terms of complexity and information required to implement the method, all three methods were almost the same, with the difference that the results of the first method cannot be generalized to other people who have the same job conditions because individual information such as a person's weight is used to calculate its score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Karimi Zeverdegani
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Ordudari
- Student Research Committee, Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Azim Karimi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Esmaeili
- Student Research Committee, Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Corresponding author. Student Research Committee, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Kazem Khorvash
- Faculty of Health, Safety and Environmental Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran
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2
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Voica C, Iordache AM, Roba C, Nechita C. Determination of Toxic Elements in Facial Cosmetics from the Romanian Market and Their Health Risk Assessment. ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2053699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Voica
- Mass Spectrometry, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - A. M. Iordache
- ICSI Analytics, National Research and Development Institute of Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies, Ramnicu Valcea, Romania
- National Research Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies, Ramnicu Valcea, Romania
| | - C. Roba
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Research Department, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - C. Nechita
- Research Department, National Research and Development Institute for Forestry "Marin Drăcea" Calea Bucovinei, Câmpulung Moldovenesc, Romania
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3
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Self-Assembly of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Organic Colored Pigments as Reinforcement Matrix of Lipstick for Enhancing SPF. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2422618. [PMID: 35186182 PMCID: PMC8850073 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2422618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The vermilion of the human lip, covered by a skinny epithelium with little melanin, is quite susceptible to damage from ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure. However, commercial sunscreen filters and indelible dyes used in lipsticks can cause health hazards after percutaneous absorption or accidentally oral administration. Inspired by plant pigmentation as natural filters to protect themselves against overexposure to UV, safer bio-based sunscreens of cellulose enveloped with anthocyanin (AN) were developed using bionic design. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), derived from acid hydrolysis of cellulose, reinforced enhancement of UV absorption and shielding properties of AN. This innovation addresses the issue that naturally sourced UV filter application to sunscreen does not achieve a desired sun protection factor (SPF) value because of the low specific extinction value (E1,1). We also stated that the diverse formula of anthocyanin sunscreen lipsticks with CNC exhibited 10 times more SPF value than AN alone. Furthermore, they possess competitive benefits such as pleasing texture, superior adhesion, impermeable, nonphototoxicity, ease of application, and removal. This work provides a promising proof-of-concept for studying the features of natural sunscreens in the design of simple, safe, efficient, and green sunscreens.
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Li Y, Fang Y, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Liu K, Jiang L, Yang B, Yang Y, Song Y, Liu C. Trace Metal Lead Exposure in Typical Lip Cosmetics From Electronic Commercial Platform: Investigation, Health Risk Assessment and Blood Lead Level Analysis. Front Public Health 2021; 9:766984. [PMID: 34869181 PMCID: PMC8637816 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.766984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) in lipstick products has become an increasing concern, which can cause safety problems to human body directly with diet. To investigate the Pb exposure and potential health risk level of typical popular lip cosmetics in Chinese e-commerce market, Python crawler was introduced to identify and select 34 typical popular lip cosmetics, including 12 lipsticks, 13 lip glosses, and 9 lip balms. And then this study used ICP-MS to determine the content of Pb. Furthermore, the ingestion health risk assessment method issued by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and Monte Carlo simulation algorithm were applied to assess the probabilistic health risks of adults exposure. Finally, taking the possible exposure of children contacting with lip products, the health risk assessment of children blood Pb was carried out. The results showed that the concentration of Pb in lip products ranged from 0 to 0.5237 mg/kg, which was far lower than the limit set by various countries. The probabilistic non-carcinogenic risks and carcinogenic risks were 4.93 ×10-7~2.82 ×10-3 and 1.68 ×10-12~9.59 ×10-9, respectively, which were in an acceptable level. The results of blood Pb assessment suggested that the Pb content of lip cosmetics had no obvious influence on blood Pb concentration of children, and background Pb exposure is the main factor affecting children's blood Pb level (BLL). Overall, the samples of lip products are selected by Python crawler in this study, which are more objective and representative. This study focuses on deeper study of Pb, especially for the health risk assessment of blood Pb in children exposed to lip products. These results perhaps could provide useful information for the safety cosmetics usage for people in China and even the global world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China.,School of Business Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanyan Fang
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China.,Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Zehua Liu
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China.,Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Yahan Zhang
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China.,Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Kangli Liu
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Luping Jiang
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China.,School of Business Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Boyuan Yang
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China.,Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongdie Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongwei Song
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaoyang Liu
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China.,Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China.,Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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5
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Maurice L, Barraza F, Blondet I, Ho-A-Chuck M, Tablon J, Brousse P, Demar M, Schreck E. Childhood lead exposure of Amerindian communities in French Guiana: an isotopic approach to tracing sources. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:4741-4757. [PMID: 33974199 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00944-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In French Guiana were detected high lead (Pb) levels in blood of Amerindian people. Lead exposure is a serious hazard that can affect the cognitive and behavior development. People can be exposed to Pb through occupational and environmental sources. Fingerprinting based on stable Pb isotopes in environmental media is often used to trace natural and anthropogenic sources but is rarely paired with blood data. The objective of this study was to determine the main factors associated with high Blood Lead Levels (BLL). Soil, manioc tubers, food bowls, beverages, wild games, lead pellets and children blood were sampled in small villages along the Oyapock River. children BLL ranged between 5.7 and 35 µg dL-1, all exceeding 5 µg dL-1, the reference value proposed in epidemiologic studies for lead poisoning. Among the different dietary sources, manioc tubers and large game contained elevated Pb concentrations while manioc-based dishes were diluted. The isotopes ratios (207Pb/206Pb and 208Pb/206Pb) of children blood overlapped these of lead shots and meals. These first results confirm for the first time, the diary consumption of manioc-based food as the main contributor to Amerindian children's BLL in French Guiana, but don't exclude the occasional exposure to lead bullets by hunting activities. This is a specific health concern, since previous studies have shown that these same villagers present high levels of mercury (Hg). These communities are indeed subject to a double exposure to neurotoxic metals, Hg and Pb, both through their diet. The farming activity is based on manioc growing, and explaining that this ancestral practice can induce serious health risks for the child's development may seriously affect their food balance and cultural cohesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Maurice
- Geosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400, Toulouse, IRD, France.
- Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, Área de Salud, P.O. Box 17-12-569, N22-80, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Fiorella Barraza
- Geosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400, Toulouse, IRD, France
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H1, Canada
- Instituto de Cultivos Tropicales (ICT), Tarapoto, Peru
| | - Isalyne Blondet
- Geosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400, Toulouse, IRD, France
| | | | - Jessy Tablon
- Agence Régionale de Santé (ARS), 97336, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Paul Brousse
- Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon (CHAR), Av. des Flamboyants, 97306, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Magalie Demar
- Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon (CHAR), Av. des Flamboyants, 97306, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Eva Schreck
- Geosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400, Toulouse, IRD, France
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Li Y, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Jiang L, Cai Y, Chen X, Zhou X, Li H, Li F, Zhang J, Liu C. Investigation and probabilistic health risk assessment of trace elements in good sale lip cosmetics crawled by Python from Chinese e-commerce market. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 405:124279. [PMID: 33144021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that the lip products are polluted by heavy metals, which would inevitably cause safety problems with long-term exposure, but few studies have focused on their deeper health risk assessments. This study sets out to identify the lip cosmetics in good sale from Chinese e-commerce market utilizing Python crawler and then explore the probabilistic health risks caused by 6 trace elements in 34 most popular lip cosmetics with Monte Carlo simulation. The results found that there was no obvious non-carcinogenic risk to humans. As for high users, the carcinogenic risk levels of Cr exceeded the acceptable risk recommended by USEPA, approximately 10% and 25% for lipsticks and lip glosses, respectively. Cr was regarded as the priority metal for risk control in the present study. Finally, it was recommended that the minimum use period limit for using up one lip product ranged from 0.54 months to 5.74 months. Overall, this study appears to be the first to conduct a probabilistic health risk assessment of trace elements in lip products, which would be of significance for policy makers to take effective strategies to minimize exposure health risk and contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Zehua Liu
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Yahan Zhang
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Luping Jiang
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Ying Cai
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Xiyao Chen
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Xinyun Zhou
- School of Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Honghu Li
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Fei Li
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Ministry of Education), Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jingdong Zhang
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Chaoyang Liu
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China; Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430073, China.
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7
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Bandara SB, Towle KM, Monnot AD. A human health risk assessment of heavy metal ingestion among consumers of protein powder supplements. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1255-1262. [PMID: 33005567 PMCID: PMC7509468 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Concerns have recently been raised about the presence of heavy metals in protein powder supplements following a Consumer Reports analysis of 15 protein powder products. The Consumer Reports study found that the average amounts of heavy metals in three servings of protein powder per day exceeded the maximum limits in dietary supplements proposed by U.S. Pharmacopeia. In a follow up to the Consumer Reports analysis, another study reported that 40 % of the 133 protein powder products they tested had elevated levels of heavy metals. The objective of this analysis was to determine whether the heavy metal concentrations reported in protein powder supplements posed any human health risks, based on the reported concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) in the protein powder. The US EPA reference doses (RfD) for As and Cd, and the EPA screening level for Hg were based on the most sensitive health endpoint which were used to calculate hazard quotients (HQs) for each metal. The 'worse-case scenario' assessment for each protein powder product was expressed as a cumulative hazard index (HI), which is the sum of HQs from each heavy metal. Additionally, we utilized the U.S. EPA's Adult Lead Methodology (ALM) model to estimate adult blood lead levels (BLLs), which were compared to the CDC BLL guidance value of 5 μg/dL. All models assumed one or three servings of protein powder per day. Our results indicate that the exposure concentrations of the studied metals do not pose an increased health risk (Hazard Index < 1). We noted that the protein powder HI was mainly driven by the As or Cd content in each product. Interestingly, the highest HI levels (which approached 1) were found in 'mass gain' type protein powder supplements, whereas the lowest calculated HI levels were in whey protein powders. Moreover, background Pb exposure was the primary contributor to estimated BLLs in adults, and all modeled BLLs were below 5 μg/dL. Overall, our results suggest that the typical intake of dietary supplements would not result in adverse health effects due to heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suren B. Bandara
- Cardno ChemRisk, 235 Pine Street, Suite 2300, San Francisco, CA, 94104, United States
| | - Kevin M. Towle
- Cardno ChemRisk, 235 Pine Street, Suite 2300, San Francisco, CA, 94104, United States
| | - Andrew D. Monnot
- Cardno ChemRisk, 235 Pine Street, Suite 2300, San Francisco, CA, 94104, United States
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Čakmak D, Perović V, Kresović M, Pavlović D, Pavlović M, Mitrović M, Pavlović P. Sources and a Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in Dust at Children's Playgrounds with Artificial Surfaces: A Case Study in Belgrade. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 78:190-205. [PMID: 31901970 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-019-00702-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The focus of this research on children's playgrounds with artificial surfaces aimed to establish levels of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in dust, their origin, and impact on children at 15 playgrounds: 9 on school grounds and 6 on day nurseries in Belgrade (Serbia). Soil samples were taken from the immediate vicinity of the playgrounds to establish the origin of PTEs in the dust samples. Soil analyses revealed the lithogenic origin of Co, Cr, Ni, Fe, Mn, As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn and the anthropogenic origin of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn. However, in the dust samples, the origin of the elements was different with As, Co, Fe, and Mn originating from the surrounding soil; Cr and Ni levels affected by both atmospheric deposition and the surrounding soil; Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations impacted by atmospheric deposition; and Cu levels affected by factors of a local character. No noncancer risk was found for any of the individual elements investigated, nor for any of the playgrounds being studied, while a minimal cancer risk was found from As with values greater than 1E-6 at almost all the sites. Based on the results obtained for the spatial distribution of individual PTE levels, it was determined that the surrounding soil and atmospheric deposition have an almost equal impact on noncancer risk values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragan Čakmak
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković' - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
| | - Veljko Perović
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković' - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Kresović
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, Belgrade, 11080, Serbia
| | - Dragana Pavlović
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković' - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Marija Pavlović
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković' - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Miroslava Mitrović
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković' - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Pavle Pavlović
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković' - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
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9
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Wang G, Tang J, Song Q, Yu Q, Yao C, Li P, Ding Y, Lin M, Cheng D. Malus micromalus Makino phenolic extract preserves hepatorenal function by regulating PKC-α signaling pathway and attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress in lead (II) exposure mice. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 203:110925. [PMID: 31760233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb), which widely recognized as a nonessential heavy metal and a major environmental contamination, is a growing threat to the ecosystem and human body. In the present study, Malus micromalus Makino cv. 'Dong Hong' phenolic extract (MMPE) has been used to antagonise Pb-induced erythrocyte injury, hepatic and renal dysfunction in mice. Six-week-old male Kunming mice were gavaged with PbCl2 (20 mg/kg mouse/day) and/or MMPE (100 mg/kg mouse/day) by gavage administration for 10 days. We evaluated erythrocyte fragility, relative organ mass, biochemical parameters and histopathological changes to evaluate the protection effect of MMPE on the injury of liver and kidney in Pb-treated mice. MMPE significantly inhibited the increase of protein kinase C-α, B-cell lymphoma-2-associated X, cytochrome C and Caspase-3 protein levels and decreased calreticulin protein expression level in Pb-exposed mice. MMPE supplementation could maintain the integrity of erythrocyte membranes and ameliorate the endoplasmic reticulum stress in Pb-treated mice. It suggested MMPE as a natural nutritional supplement to alleviate Pb-induced hazardous effects in Pb-exposed humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology,Tianjin, 300457,China; Demonstration center of food quality and safety testing technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinlei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology,Tianjin, 300457,China; Demonstration center of food quality and safety testing technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology,Tianjin, 300457,China; Demonstration center of food quality and safety testing technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China
| | - Qianqian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology,Tianjin, 300457,China; Demonstration center of food quality and safety testing technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China
| | - Congying Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology,Tianjin, 300457,China; Demonstration center of food quality and safety testing technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology,Tianjin, 300457,China; Demonstration center of food quality and safety testing technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China
| | - Yixin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology,Tianjin, 300457,China; Demonstration center of food quality and safety testing technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China
| | - Mibin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology,Tianjin, 300457,China; Demonstration center of food quality and safety testing technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China
| | - Dai Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology,Tianjin, 300457,China; Demonstration center of food quality and safety testing technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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10
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Mohammadyan M, Moosazadeh M, Khanjani N, Rahimi Moghadam S. Quantitative and semi-quantitative risk assessment of occupational exposure to lead among electrical solderers in Neyshabur, Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:31207-31214. [PMID: 31463745 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06220-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lead is one of the most widely used elements in the world. Lead can cause acute and chronic complications such as abnormal hemoglobin synthesis, kidney damage, abortion, nervous system disorders, male infertility, loss of learning ability, behavioral disorders, and even death. The aim of this study was to carry out quantitative and semi-quantitative risk assessments of exposure to lead among the solderers of the Neyshabur electronics industry. This cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study was conducted in 2017 and 2018 on 40 female soldering workers exposed to lead. Semi-quantitative risk assessment was carried out according to the Singapore Health Department and quantitative risk assessment according to the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) method. The average occupational exposure to lead in the electronics manufacturing industry was 93.89 ± 33.40 μg m-3 with a range from 9 to 150 μg m-3. Occupational exposure to lead in the industrial groups of initial soldering with an average of 130.37 ± 40.23 μg m-3 and cutting wires, electroplating, and coating bare parts with an average of 110.24 ± 30.11 μg m-3 was higher than the secondary soldering groups with an average of 90.78 ± 20.22 and shift supervisors with an average of 43.86 ± 10.97 μg m-3. The mean excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) was 0.11 per 1000 people and the mean non-carcinogenic risk (HQ) was 7.20. The results of this study indicate that there is a risk of non-carcinogenic complications among electronic solderers. Therefore, managers and employers should reduce lead exposure through engineering controls (substituting lead-free alloys, efficient ventilation) and management strategies such as reducing exposure hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Mohammadyan
- Health Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Health Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Narges Khanjani
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Somayeh Rahimi Moghadam
- Occupational Health Department, Faculty of Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Health Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran.
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11
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Kazi TG, Afridi HI, Bhatti M, Akhtar A. A rapid ultrasonic energy assisted preconcentration method for simultaneous extraction of lead and cadmium in various cosmetic brands using deep eutectic solvent: A multivariate study. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 51:40-48. [PMID: 30514484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An innovative ultrasonic assisted microextraction method using a deep eutectic solvent for entrapping the organ metallic complexes was developed to pre-concentrate the trace quantities of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in lipsticks and eye shadows of different brands prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometry analysis. A deep eutectic solvent (DES) was used in this study, prepared by mixing metal salt (ZnCl2) and hydrogen bond donors such as (acetamide) in different ratio. The different branded cosmetic items, lipstick and eye shadows, obtained from local market and subjected to acid digestion prior to application of proposed ultrasonic assisted microextraction method based on deep eutectic solvent (UAµE-DES) with the aid of mechanical and ultrasound energies. Ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate was used as a ligand to made hydrophobic complexes of Cd and Pb, entrapped in DES in the presence of aprotic solvent. The seven variables, mixing ratio of ZnCl2 and Acetamide, DES volume, Ultrasound and Conventional shaking time, pH, tetrahydrofuran and complexing reagent volume were optimized by multivariate approach for the optimum recovery of Cd and Pb from real cosmetic items. The resulted data indicates that ultrasound energy assisted extraction time, volume of DES and pH were most significant variables. The precision and validity of developed procedure were checked by the spiked known certified standards in real samples. The resulted data indicated that the lipsticks have different glittering colors contains high contents of Pb and Cd, whereas dark colors of eye shadows contain high level of both elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasneem Gul Kazi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Hassan Imran Afridi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Murk Bhatti
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Asma Akhtar
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
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12
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Development and evaluation of semi-destructive, ultrasound assisted extraction method followed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry enabling discrimination of red lipstick samples. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1577:92-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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13
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Malvandi H, Sancholi F. Assessments of some metals contamination in lipsticks and their associated health risks to lipstick consumers in Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:680. [PMID: 30368610 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-7065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the concentrations of lead, cadmium, and chromium in lipstick samples were evaluated. The samples were from different brands and produced in different countries. The average lead, cadmium, and chromium concentrations in all lipstick samples were 1.851, 0.017, and 4.300 mg kg-1 ww, respectively. There was a significant difference in the concentrations of lead, cadmium, and chromium among the brands (p < 0.05). The concentrations of the measured elements in the brands did not exceed the values of the international standards provided for lipstick. The values of hazard quotient (HQ), health risk index (HI), relative intake index (RII), and estimated daily intake (EDI) indices were calculated. The results of the HQ and HI indices showed that in more than 50% of the lipstick brands, there is a potential threat to consumer health due to the presence of these elements in lipstick. Therefore, it can be concluded that, due to the simultaneous use of lipstick with other types of cosmetics and hence the potential exposure of consumers to toxic elements through all cosmetics, continuous monitoring of the concentrations of these elements in these types of products is necessary to avoid potential health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Malvandi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, 379 post box, Sabzevar, Khorasan Razavi, 9617916487, Iran.
| | - Faegheh Sancholi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sabzevar University of New Technology, Sabzevar, Khorasan Razavi, Iran
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14
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Yoon J, Kim Y, Kim KB, Park EJ, Na DH. Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Permaton Red (D&C Red No. 36) in Cosmetics. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Yoon
- College of Pharmacy; Kyungpook National University; Daegu 41566 South Korea
| | - Yejin Kim
- College of Pharmacy; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 06974 South Korea
| | - Kyu-Bong Kim
- College of Pharmacy; Dankook University; Chungnam 31116 South Korea
| | - Eun Ji Park
- College of Pharmacy; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 06974 South Korea
| | - Dong Hee Na
- College of Pharmacy; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 06974 South Korea
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15
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Regarding ”Lipstick obsession and red urine”. Kidney Int 2018; 94:826. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Chalupa R, Nesměrák K. Analytical chemistry as a tool for suppressing chemophobia: an introduction to the 5E-principle. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-018-2224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Uslu H, Büyükpınar Ç, Unutkan T, Serbest H, SAN N, Turak F, Bakırdere S. A novel analytical method for sensitive determination of lead: Hydrogen assisted T-shape slotted quartz tube-atom trap-flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Kwa M, Welty LJ, Xu S. Adverse Events Reported to the US Food and Drug Administration for Cosmetics and Personal Care Products. JAMA Intern Med 2017; 177:1202-1204. [PMID: 28654953 PMCID: PMC5818793 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.2762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
This study examines adverse events for cosmetics in the FDA’s Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition’s Adverse Event Reporting System to inform future policymaking to protect consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kwa
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Leah J Welty
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shuai Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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19
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Towle KM, Garnick LC, Monnot AD. A human health risk assessment of lead (Pb) ingestion among adult wine consumers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD CONTAMINATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s40550-017-0052-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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20
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Perez AL, Nembhard M, Monnot A, Bator D, Madonick E, Gaffney SH. Child and adult exposure and health risk evaluation following the use of metal- and metalloid-containing costume cosmetics sold in the United States. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 84:54-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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21
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Anderson GL, Garnick L, Fung MS, Gaffney SH. A pilot study to assess lead exposure from routine consumption of coffee and tea from ceramic mugs: comparison to California Safe Harbor Levels. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD CONTAMINATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s40550-017-0049-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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22
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Zhao D, Li J, Li C, Juhasz AL, Scheckel KG, Luo J, Li HB, Ma LQ. Lead Relative Bioavailability in Lip Products and Their Potential Health Risk to Women. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:6036-43. [PMID: 27187630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have investigated lead (Pb) concentrations in lip products but little is known about its oral bioavailability. In this study, 75 lipsticks and 18 lip glosses were assessed for Pb concentration, while 15 samples were assessed for Pb relative bioavailability (RBA, relative to Pb acetate absorption) using a mouse femur assay. Lead concentrations were 0.2-10 185 mg kg(-1), with 21 samples exceeding the Chinese limit of 40 mg kg(-1). Samples with orange and pink colors and/or low cost contained higher Pb concentrations. For samples with Pb > 7500 mg kg(-1), Pb was present due to the addition of lead chromate (PbCrO4) as a colorant, which was confirmed by X-ray absorption near-edge structure analysis. Lead-RBA in 15 samples (87-10 185 mg kg(-1)) ranged from 23% to 95%, being significantly higher in moderate Pb (56-95%; 87-300 mg kg(-1)) than high Pb samples (23-48%; >300 mg kg(-1)). The calculation of Pb intake based on Pb-RBA showed that lip product ingestion contributed 5.4-68% of the aggregate Pb exposure for women depending on Pb concentration. The high Pb concentration in some lip products together with their moderate Pb-RBA suggests that lip product ingestion is a potential health concern to women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Albert L Juhasz
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Kirk G Scheckel
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Land Remediation and Pollution Control Division, Cincinnati, Ohio 45224-1701, United States
| | - Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Lena Q Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, People's Republic of China
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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23
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A “turn-on” fluorescence assay for lead(II) based on the suppression of the surface energy transfer between acridine orange and gold nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-015-1738-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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24
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Screening-level human health risk assessment of toluene and dibutyl phthalate in nail lacquers. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 81:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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