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Martins-Gomes C, Nunes FM, Silva AM. Natural Products as Dietary Agents for the Prevention and Mitigation of Oxidative Damage and Inflammation in the Intestinal Barrier. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:65. [PMID: 38247489 PMCID: PMC10812469 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Food intake is a basic need to sustain life, but foodborne pathogens and food-related xenobiotics are also the main health concerns regarding intestinal barrier homeostasis. With a predominant role in the well-being of the entire human body, intestinal barrier homeostasis is strictly regulated by epithelial and immune cells. These cells are also the main intervenients in oxidative stress and inflammation-related diseases in the intestinal tract, triggered, for example, by genetic/epigenetic factors, food additives, pesticides, drugs, pathogens, and their metabolites. Nevertheless, the human diet can also be seen as a solution for the problem, mainly via the inclusion of functional foods or nutraceuticals that may act as antioxidant/anti-inflammatory agents to prevent and mitigate acute and chronic oxidative damage and inflammation. A literature analysis of recent advances in this topic highlights the significant role of Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) and NF-kB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) pathways in these biological processes, with many natural products and phytochemicals targeting endogenous antioxidant systems and cytokine production and balance. In this review, we summarized and discussed studies using in vitro and in vivo models of the intestinal tract used to reproduce oxidative damage and inflammatory events, as well as the role of natural products as modulators of Nrf2 and NK-kB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martins-Gomes
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Cell Biology and Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Fernando M. Nunes
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Amélia M. Silva
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Cell Biology and Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4gro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Gil KA, Nowicka P, Wojdyło A, Serreli G, Deiana M, Tuberoso CIG. Antioxidant Activity and Inhibition of Digestive Enzymes of New Strawberry Tree Fruit/Apple Smoothies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040805. [PMID: 37107180 PMCID: PMC10135069 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, original smoothies obtained with strawberry tree fruit puree and apple juice enriched with Diospyros kaki fruits, Myrtus communis purple berry extract, Acca sellowiana, and Crocus sativus petal juice were evaluated for their antioxidant activity and inhibition of targeted digestive enzymes. Values of CUPRAC, FRAP, ORAC, DPPH•, and ABTS•+ assays generally increased with plant enrichment, particularly for A. sellowiana addition (ABTS•+ 2.51 ± 0.01 mmol Trolox/100 g fw). The same trend was observed regarding the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) tested in Caco-2 cell cultures. Inhibitory activity on α-amylase and α-glucosidase was increased by D. kaki, M. communis, and A. sellowiana. Total polyphenols evaluated by UPLC-PDA analysis ranged between 535.75 ± 3.11 and 635.96 ± 5.21 mg/100 g fw, and A. sellowiana provided the higher amount. Flavan-3-ols accounted for more than 70% of phenolic compounds, and only smoothies enriched with C. sativus showed a high amount of anthocyanins (25.12 ± 0.18 mg/100 g fw). The outcome of this study indicates these original smoothies as a possible ally in counteracting oxidative stress, as established by their favourable antioxidant compound profile, thus suggesting an interesting future application as nutraceuticals.
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Glutamine Starvation Affects Cell Cycle, Oxidative Homeostasis and Metabolism in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030683. [PMID: 36978930 PMCID: PMC10045305 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells adjust their metabolism to meet energy demands. In particular, glutamine addiction represents a distinctive feature of several types of tumors, including colorectal cancer. In this study, four colorectal cancer cell lines (Caco-2, HCT116, HT29 and SW480) were cultured with or without glutamine. The growth and proliferation rate, colony-forming capacity, apoptosis, cell cycle, redox homeostasis and metabolomic analysis were evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide test (MTT), flow cytometry, high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry techniques. The results show that glutamine represents an important metabolite for cell growth and that its deprivation reduces the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells. Glutamine depletion induces cell death and cell cycle arrest in the GO/G1 phase by modulating energy metabolism, the amino acid content and antioxidant defenses. Moreover, the combined glutamine starvation with the glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose exerted a stronger cytotoxic effect. This study offers a strong rationale for targeting glutamine metabolism alone or in combination with glucose metabolism to achieve a therapeutic benefit in the treatment of colon cancer.
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Casula E, Pisano MB, Serreli G, Zodio S, Melis MP, Corona G, Costabile A, Cosentino S, Deiana M. Probiotic lactobacilli attenuate oxysterols-induced alteration of intestinal epithelial cell monolayer permeability: Focus on tight junction modulation. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 172:113558. [PMID: 36528245 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation lead by dietary oxidised lipids, as oxysterols, have been linked to the loss of intestinal barrier integrity, a crucial event in the initiation and progression of intestinal disorders. In the last decade, probiotic lactobacilli have emerged as an interesting tool to improve intestinal health, thanks to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of two commercial probiotic strains of lactobacilli (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v® (DMS 9843) and Lacticaseibacillus casei DG® (CNCMI-1572)), both as live bacteria and intracellular content, to attenuate the oxysterols-induced alteration of intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell monolayer permeability. Our investigation was focused on the modulation of tight junctions (TJs) proteins, occludin, ZO-1 and JAM-A, in relation to redox-sensitive MAPK p38 activation. Obtained results provided evidence on the ability of the two probiotics to counteract the alteration of monolayer permeability and loss of TJs proteins, at least in part, through the modulation of p38 pathway. The protective action was exerted by live bacteria, whose adhesion to Caco-2 cells was not altered by oxysterols, and bacterial intracellular components equally able to interact with the signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Casula
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Barbara Pisano
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gabriele Serreli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Sonia Zodio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giulia Corona
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, SW15 4JD, UK
| | - Adele Costabile
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, SW15 4JD, UK
| | - Sofia Cosentino
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Monica Deiana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
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BORGONETTI V, COCETTA V, BIAGI M, CARNEVALI I, GOVERNA P, MONTOPOLI M. Anti-inflammatory activity of a fixed combination of probiotics and herbal extract in an in-vitro model of intestinal inflammation by stimulating Caco-2 cells with LPS-conditioned THP-1 cells medium. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2022; 74:511-518. [DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.20.05765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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D’Archivio M, Santangelo C, Silenzi A, Scazzocchio B, Varì R, Masella R. Dietary EVOO Polyphenols and Gut Microbiota Interaction: Are There Any Sex/Gender Influences? Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091744. [PMID: 36139818 PMCID: PMC9495659 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that regular consumption of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), the main source of fat in the Mediterranean diet, is associated with beneficial health effects and a reduced risk of developing chronic degenerative disorders. The beneficial effects of EVOO can be attributed to its unique composition in monounsaturated fats and phenolic compounds that provide important antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulating activities. On the other hand, it is well known that the gut microbiota has several important roles in normal human physiology, and its composition can be influenced by a multitude of environmental and lifestyle factors, among which dietary components play a relevant role. In the last few years, the two-way interaction between polyphenols, including those in EVOO, and the gut microbiota, i.e., the modulation of the microbiota by polyphenols and that of polyphenol metabolism and bioavailability by the microbiota, has attracted growing attention, being potentially relevant to explain the final effects of polyphenols, as well as of the microbiota profile. Furthermore, sex and gender can affect dietary habits, polyphenol intake, and nutrient metabolism. Lastly, it has been recently suggested that differences in gut microbiota composition could be involved in the unequal incidence of metabolic diseases observed between women and men, due to sex-dependent effects on shaping gut microbiota profiles according to diet. This review summarizes the most recent studies on the relationship between EVOO polyphenols and the gut microbiota, taking into account possible influences of sex and gender in modulating such an interaction.
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Effects of Olive Oil and Its Components on Intestinal Inflammation and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040757. [PMID: 35215407 PMCID: PMC8875923 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rising global burden of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the rising costs of novel biological drugs, there is an increasing need for dietary approaches and functional foods that could modulate the course of IBD. The Mediterranean diet has proven to be efficacious in managing chronic inflammatory diseases, and recent studies have also shown its benefits in the setting of IBD. Since olive oil and its compounds have been shown to provide a considerable anti-inflammatory effect, in this review, we aim to discuss the latest evidence concerning the impact of olive oil and its bioactive compounds on IBD. Numerous preclinical studies have exhibited solid evidence on the mechanisms by which polyphenol-rich extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) or specific polyphenols like hydroxytyrosol (HT) provide their anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antitumour, and microbiota-modulation effects. Accordingly, several human studies that explored the effects of olive oil on patients with IBD further confirmed the evidence brought forward by preclinical studies. Nevertheless, there is a need for larger-scale, multicentric, randomized control trials that would finally elucidate olive oil’s level of efficacy in modulating the course of IBD.
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Liu Y, Yang X, Xiao F, Jie F, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Xiao H, Lu B. Dietary cholesterol oxidation products: Perspectives linking food processing and storage with health implications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 21:738-779. [PMID: 34953101 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dietary cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) are heterogeneous compounds formed during the processing and storage of cholesterol-rich foods, such as seafood, meat, eggs, and dairy products. With the increased intake of COPs-rich foods, the concern about health implications of dietary COPs is rising. Dietary COPs may exert deleterious effects on human health to induce several inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Thus, knowledge regarding the effects of processing and storage conditions leading to formation of COPs is needed to reduce the levels of COPs in foods. Efficient methodologies to determine COPs in foods are also essential. More importantly, the biological roles of dietary COPs in human health and effects of phytochemicals on dietary COPs-induced diseases need to be established. This review summarizes the recent information on dietary COPs including their formation in foods during their processing and storage, analytical methods of determination of COPs, metabolic fate, implications for human health, and beneficial interventions by phytochemicals. The formation of COPs is largely dependent on the heating temperature, storage time, and food matrices. Alteration of food processing and storage conditions is one of the potent strategies to restrict hazardous dietary COPs from forming, including maintaining relatively low temperatures, shorter processing or storage time, and the appropriate addition of antioxidants. Once absorbed into the circulation, dietary COPs can contribute to the progression of several inflammatory diseases, where the absorbed dietary COPs may induce inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy in cells in the target organs or tissues. Improved intake of phytochemicals may be an effective strategy to reduce the hazardous effects of dietary COPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Fan Jie
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qinjun Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Baiyi Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
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Finicelli M, Squillaro T, Galderisi U, Peluso G. Polyphenols, the Healthy Brand of Olive Oil: Insights and Perspectives. Nutrients 2021; 13:3831. [PMID: 34836087 PMCID: PMC8624306 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given their beneficial potential on human health, plant food bioactive molecules are important components influencing nutrition. Polyphenols have been widely acknowledged for their potentially protective role against several complex diseases. In particular, the polyphenols of olive oil (OOPs) emerge as the key components of many healthy diets and have been widely studied for their beneficial properties. The qualitative and quantitative profile defining the composition of olive oil phenolic molecules as well as their absorbance and metabolism once ingested are key aspects that need to be considered to fully understand the health potential of these molecules. In this review, we provide an overview of the key aspects influencing these variations by focusing on the factors influencing the biosynthesis of OOPs and the findings about their absorption and metabolism. Despite the encouraging evidence, the health potential of OOPs is still debated due to limitations in current studies. Clinical trials are necessary to fully understand and validate the beneficial effects of olive oil and OOPs on human health. We provide an update of the clinical trials based on olive oil and/or OOPs that aim to understand their beneficial effects. Tailored studies are needed to standardize the polyphenolic distribution and understand the variables associated with phenol-enriched OO. An in-depth knowledge of the steps that occur following polyphenol ingestion may reveal useful insights to be used in clinical settings for the prevention and treatment of many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Finicelli
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Tiziana Squillaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Santa Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy; (T.S.); (U.G.)
| | - Umberto Galderisi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Santa Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy; (T.S.); (U.G.)
| | - Gianfranco Peluso
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Tyrosol and Hydroxytyrosol Determination in Extra Virgin Olive Oil with Direct Liquid Electron Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8100173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is one of the main ingredients of the Mediterranean diet. It is claimed as a functional food for its unique content of health-promoting compounds. Tyrosol (Tyr), Hydroxytyrosol (Htyr), and their phenolic derivatives present in EVOO show beneficial properties, and their identification and quantification, both in their free form and after the hydrolysis of more complex precursors, are important to certify its quality. An alternative method for quantifying free and total Tyr and Htyr in EVOO is presented using an LC–MS interface based on electron ionization (EI), called liquid electron ionization (LEI). This method requires neither sample preparation nor chromatography; the sample is diluted and injected. The selectivity and sensitivity were assessed in multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM), obtaining confirmation and quantification in actual samples ranging from 5 to 11 mg/Kg for the free forms and from 32 to 80 mg/Kg for their total amount after hydrolysis. Two MS/MS transitions were acquired for both compounds using the Q/q ratios as confirmatory parameters. Standard addition calibration curves demonstrated optimal linearity and negligible matrix effects, allowing a correct quantification even without expensive and difficult to find labeled internal standards. After several weeks of operation, the system’s repeatability was excellent, with an intraday RSD (%) spanning from five to nine and an interday RSD (%) spanning from 9 to 11.
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11
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Vitamin C Cytotoxicity and Its Effects in Redox Homeostasis and Energetic Metabolism in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Cell Lines. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050809. [PMID: 34065197 PMCID: PMC8161084 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-dose of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid, ascorbate) exhibits anti-tumoral effects, primarily mediated by pro-oxidant mechanisms. This cytotoxic effect is thought to affect the reciprocal crosstalk between redox balance and cell metabolism in different cancer types. Vitamin C also inhibits the growth of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) cells, although the metabolic and redox effects remain to be fully understood. To shed light on these aspects, PTC-derived cell lines harboring the most common genetic alterations characterizing this tumor were used. Cell viability, apoptosis, and the metabolome were explored by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide test (MTT), flow cytometry, and UHPLC/MS. Changes were observed in redox homeostasis, with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and perturbation in antioxidants and electron carriers, leading to cell death by both apoptosis and necrosis. The oxidative stress contributed to the metabolic alterations in both glycolysis and TCA cycle. Our results confirm the pro-oxidant effect of vitamin C as relevant in triggering the cytotoxicity in PTC cells and suggest that inhibition of glycolysis and alteration of TCA cycle via NAD+ depletion can play an important role in this mechanism of PTC cancer cell death.
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Millman JF, Okamoto S, Teruya T, Uema T, Ikematsu S, Shimabukuro M, Masuzaki H. Extra-virgin olive oil and the gut-brain axis: influence on gut microbiota, mucosal immunity, and cardiometabolic and cognitive health. Nutr Rev 2021; 79:1362-1374. [PMID: 33576418 PMCID: PMC8581649 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO), a popular functional food and major source of fat in the Mediterranean diet, possesses a variety of healthful components, including monounsaturated fatty acids and bioactive phenolic compounds that, individually and collectively, exert beneficial effects on cardiometabolic markers of health and act as neuroprotective agents through their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The gut microbiota and health of the intestinal environment are now considered important factors in the development of obesity, metabolic disease, and even certain neurodegenerative conditions via the gut-brain axis. Recently, data are emerging which demonstrate that the health-promoting benefits of EVOO may also extend to the gut microbiota. In this review, we aimed to examine findings from recent studies regarding the impact of EVOO on gut microbiota and intestinal health and explore how modulations in composition of gut microbiota, production of microbially produced products, and activity and functioning of the mucosal immune system may lead to favorable outcomes in cardiovascular, metabolic, and cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine F Millman
- J.F. Millman, S. Okamoto, T. Taiki, T. Uema, and H. Masuzaki are with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. S. Ikematsu is with the Department of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Okinawa, Japan. M. Shimabukuro is with the Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shiki Okamoto
- J.F. Millman, S. Okamoto, T. Taiki, T. Uema, and H. Masuzaki are with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. S. Ikematsu is with the Department of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Okinawa, Japan. M. Shimabukuro is with the Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Taiki Teruya
- J.F. Millman, S. Okamoto, T. Taiki, T. Uema, and H. Masuzaki are with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. S. Ikematsu is with the Department of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Okinawa, Japan. M. Shimabukuro is with the Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tsugumi Uema
- J.F. Millman, S. Okamoto, T. Taiki, T. Uema, and H. Masuzaki are with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. S. Ikematsu is with the Department of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Okinawa, Japan. M. Shimabukuro is with the Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shinya Ikematsu
- J.F. Millman, S. Okamoto, T. Taiki, T. Uema, and H. Masuzaki are with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. S. Ikematsu is with the Department of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Okinawa, Japan. M. Shimabukuro is with the Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Michio Shimabukuro
- J.F. Millman, S. Okamoto, T. Taiki, T. Uema, and H. Masuzaki are with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. S. Ikematsu is with the Department of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Okinawa, Japan. M. Shimabukuro is with the Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Masuzaki
- J.F. Millman, S. Okamoto, T. Taiki, T. Uema, and H. Masuzaki are with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. S. Ikematsu is with the Department of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Okinawa, Japan. M. Shimabukuro is with the Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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13
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Bastam N, Baninasab B, Mobli M, Goli SAH. Effects of Foliar Applications of Zinc in the Forms of Free Mineral or Amino Acid Complexed on Qualitative Characteristics of Olive Oil. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Bastam
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan 8415683111 Iran
| | - Bahram Baninasab
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan 8415683111 Iran
| | - Mostafa Mobli
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan 8415683111 Iran
| | - Sayed Amir Hossein Goli
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan 8415683111 Iran
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Extra Virgin Olive Oil Phenolic Extract on Human Hepatic HepG2 and Intestinal Caco-2 Cells: Assessment of the Antioxidant Activity and Intestinal Trans-Epithelial Transport. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010118. [PMID: 33467632 PMCID: PMC7829860 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the framework of research aimed at promoting the nutraceutical properties of the phenolic extract (BUO) obtained from an extra virgin olive oil of the Frantoio cultivar cultivated in Tuscany (Italy), with a high total phenols content, this study provides a comprehensive characterization of its antioxidant properties, both in vitro by Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, oxygen radical absorbance capacity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assays, and at the cellular level in human hepatic HepG2 and human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Notably, in both cell systems, after H2O2 induced oxidative stress, the BUO extract reduced reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and NO overproduction via modulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase protein levels. In parallel, the intestinal transport of the different phenolic components of the BUO phytocomplex was assayed on differentiated Caco-2 cells, a well-established model of mature enterocytes. The novelty of our study lies in having investigated the antioxidant effects of a complex pool of phenolic compounds in an extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) extract, using either in vitro assays or liver and intestinal cell models, rather than the effects of single phenols, such as hydroxytyrosol or oleuropein. Finally, the selective trans-epithelial transport of some oleuropein derivatives was observed for the first time in differentiated Caco-2 cells.
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15
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Reina M, Guzmán-López EG, Romeo I, Marino T, Russo N, Galano A. Computationally designed p-coumaric acid analogs: searching for neuroprotective antioxidants. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01235e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Newly designed p-coumaric acid derivatives are promising candidates as multifunctional antioxidants with neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Reina
- Departamento de Química
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa
- Mexico City
- Mexico
| | | | - Isabella Romeo
- Dipartimento de Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche
- Università della Calabria
- Consenza
- Italy
| | - Tiziana Marino
- Dipartimento de Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche
- Università della Calabria
- Consenza
- Italy
| | - Nino Russo
- Dipartimento de Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche
- Università della Calabria
- Consenza
- Italy
| | - Annia Galano
- Departamento de Química
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa
- Mexico City
- Mexico
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16
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Structure-Biological Activity Relationships of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Phenolic Compounds: Health Properties and Bioavailability. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080685. [PMID: 32752213 PMCID: PMC7464770 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extra-virgin olive oil is regarded as functional food since epidemiological studies and multidisciplinary research have reported convincing evidence that its intake affects beneficially one or more target functions in the body, improves health, and reduces the risk of disease. Its health properties have been related to the major and minor fractions of extra-virgin olive oil. Among olive oil chemical composition, the phenolic fraction has received considerable attention due to its bioactivity in different chronic diseases. The bioactivity of the phenolic compounds could be related to different properties such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, although the molecular mechanism of these compounds in relation to many diseases could have different cellular targets. The aim of this review is focused on the extra-virgin olive oil phenolic fraction with particular emphasis on (a) biosynthesis, chemical structure, and influence factors on the final extra-virgin olive oil phenolic composition; (b) structure–antioxidant activity relationships and other molecular mechanisms in relation to many diseases; (c) bioavailability and controlled delivery strategies; (d) alternative sources of olive biophenols. To achieve this goal, a comprehensive review was developed, with particular emphasis on in vitro and in vivo assays as well as clinical trials. This report provides an overview of extra-virgin olive oil phenolic compounds as a tool for functional food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical applications.
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17
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Barberis A, Deiana M, Spissu Y, Azara E, Fadda A, Serra PA, D’hallewin G, Pisano M, Serreli G, Orrù G, Scano A, Steri D, Sanjust E. Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Other Biological Properties of Pompia Juice. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143186. [PMID: 32668641 PMCID: PMC7397052 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pompia is a Citrus species belonging to Sardinian endemic biodiversity. Health benefits were attributed to its flavedo rind extracts and essential oils while the juice qualities have never been investigated. In this paper, the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and other biological properties of Pompia juice were studied. A combined LCMS/electrochemical/biological approach was used to clarify a still debated phylogeny of this species and to explain the role of its juice phenolic compounds. A closer phylogenetic relationship with lemon and citron, rather than oranges was suggested. Sensors-based electrochemical measures, together with LCMS qualitative and quantitative analyses, revealed a high contribution of ascorbic acid and phenolics with low redox potential, isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside, diosmin, and diosmetin 6,8-diglucoside, to antioxidant capacity. The biological assays demonstrated a marked effect of low concentration of Pompia juice against reactive oxygen species (ROS) starting from 50 µg mL−1, and a moderate capacity to reduce ROS damages on cell membrane. Treatments with Pompia juice also resulted in a significant reduction (20%) of the metabolic activity of SW48 colon cancer cells. Lastly, MIC, MBC, and MBIC antimicrobial assays demonstrated that Pompia and lemon juices have inhibitory and antibiofilm effects against the pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Barberis
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (Y.S.); (A.F.); (P.A.S.); (G.D.); (G.O.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (E.S.); Tel.: +39-079-2841710 (A.B.)
| | - Monica Deiana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (M.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Ylenia Spissu
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (Y.S.); (A.F.); (P.A.S.); (G.D.); (G.O.)
| | - Emanuela Azara
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Angela Fadda
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (Y.S.); (A.F.); (P.A.S.); (G.D.); (G.O.)
| | - Pier Andrea Serra
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (Y.S.); (A.F.); (P.A.S.); (G.D.); (G.O.)
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Guy D’hallewin
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (Y.S.); (A.F.); (P.A.S.); (G.D.); (G.O.)
| | - Marina Pisano
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Gabriele Serreli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (M.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Germano Orrù
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (Y.S.); (A.F.); (P.A.S.); (G.D.); (G.O.)
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Molecular Biology Service, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Scano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Molecular Biology Service, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy;
| | | | - Enrico Sanjust
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (M.D.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (E.S.); Tel.: +39-079-2841710 (A.B.)
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18
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Sanna G, Madeddu S, Murgia G, Serreli G, Begala M, Caboni P, Incani A, Franci G, Galdiero M, Giliberti G. Potent and Selective Activity against Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HIV-1) of Thymelaea hirsuta Extracts. Viruses 2020; 12:v12060664. [PMID: 32575585 PMCID: PMC7354558 DOI: 10.3390/v12060664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, natural products have been the most successful source of inspiration for the development of new drugs. Members of the Thymelaeaceae family have been of interest owing to their excellent medicinal value. Given the successful history of natural product-based drug discovery, extracts from the aerial parts of Thymelaea hirsuta were evaluated for their potential anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) activity. Ethyl acetate extracts from leaves (71B) and branches (72B) of Thymelaea hirsuta showed potent and selective activity against HIV-1 wt (EC50 = 0.8 µg/mL) at non-cytotoxic concentrations (CC50 > 100 µg/mL). They proved to be active against HIV-1 variants carrying clinically relevant NNRTI and NRTI mutations at low concentration (0.3–4 µg/mL range) and against the M-tropic strain HIV-1 BaL. The 72B extract, chosen as a lead, was not able to inhibit the RT and protease enzymatic functions. Furthermore, it was not virucidal, since exposure of HIV to high concentration did not affect virus infectivity. The pre-clinical safety profile of this extract showed no adverse effect on the growth of Lactobacilli, and non-toxic concentration of the extract did not influence the Caco-2 epithelial cells monolayer integrity. Additionally, extract 72B prevented syncytia formation at low concentration (0.4 µg/mL). The potent inhibitory effect on the syncytia formation in co-cultures showed that 72B inhibits an early event in the replication cycle of HIV. All of these findings prompt us to carry on new studies on Thymelaea hirsuta extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Sanna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (S.M.); (G.S.); (A.I.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Silvia Madeddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (S.M.); (G.S.); (A.I.); (G.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Murgia
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Serreli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (S.M.); (G.S.); (A.I.); (G.G.)
| | - Michela Begala
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences-Unit of Drug Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (M.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Pierluigi Caboni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences-Unit of Drug Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (M.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Alessandra Incani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (S.M.); (G.S.); (A.I.); (G.G.)
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy;
| | - Marilena Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Study of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Giliberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (S.M.); (G.S.); (A.I.); (G.G.)
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Extra-Virgin Olive Oil from Apulian Cultivars and Intestinal Inflammation. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041084. [PMID: 32295122 PMCID: PMC7230776 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial intestinal disorder characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation. The etiology of IBD is still unclear, although genetic, environmental and host factors have been associated to the disease. Extra-virgin olive oil (EVO) is a central component of the Mediterranean diet and it decreases chronic inflammation by interfering with arachidonic acid and NF-κB signaling pathways. Specifically, the different components of EVO are able to confer advantages in terms of health in their site of action. For instance, oleic acid displays a protective effect in liver dysfunction and gut inflammation, whereas phenolic compounds protect colon cells against oxidative damage and improve the symptoms of chronic inflammation in IBD. Given the biological properties of EVO, we investigated whether its administration is able to confer protection in a mouse model of dextrane sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Four EVO cultivars from the Apulian Region of Italy, namely Ogliarola (Cima di Bitonto), Coratina, Peranzana and Cima di Mola, respectively, were used. Administration of EVO resulted in reduced body weight loss in our colitis model. Furthermore, mice treated with Ogliarola, Coratina and Cima di Mola EVO displayed a reduction of rectal bleeding and IL-1β, TGFβ, IL-6 gene expression levels. Furthermore, Ogliarola, Coratina and Peranzana EVO administration ameliorated intestinal permeability and histopathological features of inflammation. Our data further validate the well-known positive effects of EVO supplementation in promoting human health and suggest the bona fide contribution of EVO in preventing onset and reducing progression of intestinal inflammation.
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Angius F, Ingianni A, Pompei R. Human Herpesvirus 8 and Host-Cell Interaction: Long-Lasting Physiological Modifications, Inflammation and Related Chronic Diseases. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E388. [PMID: 32168836 PMCID: PMC7143610 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic and latent-persistent viruses belonging to both DNA and RNA groups are known to cause serious metabolism alterations. Among these, the Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) infection induces stable modifications in biochemistry and cellular metabolism, which in turn affect its own pathological properties. HHV8 enhances the expression of insulin receptors, supports the accumulation of neutral lipids in cytoplasmic lipid droplets and induces alterations in both triglycerides and cholesterol metabolism in endothelial cells. In addition, HHV8 is also known to modify immune response and cytokine production with implications for cell oxidative status (i.e., reactive oxygen species activation). This review underlines the recent findings regarding the role of latent and persistent HHV8 viral infection in host physiology and pathogenesis.
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21
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Extra Virgin Olive Oil Polyphenols: Modulation of Cellular Pathways Related to Oxidant Species and Inflammation in Aging. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020478. [PMID: 32093046 PMCID: PMC7072812 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The olive-oil-centered Mediterranean diet has been associated with extended life expectancy and a reduction in the risk of age-related degenerative diseases. Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) itself has been proposed to promote a "successful aging", being able to virtually modulate all the features of the aging process, because of its great monounsaturated fatty acids content and its minor bioactive compounds, the polyphenols above all. Polyphenols are mostly antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds, able to modulate abnormal cellular signaling induced by pro-inflammatory stimuli and oxidative stress, as that related to NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), which have been identified as important modulators of age-related disorders and aging itself. This review summarizes existing literature about the interaction between EVOO polyphenols and NF-κB and Nrf-2 signaling pathways. Reported studies show the ability of EVOO phenolics, mainly hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol, to activate Nrf-2 signaling, inducing a cellular defense response and to prevent NF-κB activation, thus suppressing the induction of a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Literature data, although not exhaustive, indicate as a whole that EVOO polyphenols may significantly help to modulate the aging process, so tightly connected to oxidative stress and chronic inflammation.
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Incani A, Marras L, Serreli G, Ingianni A, Pompei R, Deiana M, Angius F. Human Herpesvirus 8 infection may contribute to oxidative stress in diabetes type 2 patients. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:75. [PMID: 32054515 PMCID: PMC7020602 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-4935-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the link between Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) infection and plasma oxidative stress in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). RESULTS Blood samples collected from DM2 and control subjects were screened for the presence of antibodies against HHV8 and for biomarkers of oxidative stress. We determined the products of radical damage on the plasma lipid fraction, such as malondialdehyde (MDA), fatty acid hydroperoxides (HP) and 7-ketocholesterol (7-keto), the oxidation products of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and cholesterol, respectively. The level of plasma antioxidant α-tocopherol (α-toc) was also assessed. Relevant differences were observed in the redox status in DM2 and either HHV8-positive or -negative control subjects. The level of α-toc significantly decreased in both DM2 and HHV8-positive subjects. Levels of MDA, HP and 7-keto were much higher in HHV8-positive and DM2 subjects, indicating that plasma oxidative stress is a common feature in both DM2 and HHV8-infection. In addition, 7-keto was further increased in HHV8-positive DM2 patients. We hypothesized that the HHV8-infection may contribute to the production of ROS, and hence to the oxidative stress closely related to the pathogenesis and development of DM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Incani
- Unit of Experimental Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luisa Marras
- Section of Applied Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gabriele Serreli
- Unit of Experimental Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Angela Ingianni
- Section of Applied Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Raffaello Pompei
- Section of Applied Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Monica Deiana
- Unit of Experimental Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Angius
- Section of Applied Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
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López-García G, Cilla A, Barberá R, Genovés S, Martorell P, Alegría A. Effect of plant sterol and galactooligosaccharides enriched beverages on oxidative stress and longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Effects of Olive Oil and Its Minor Components on Cardiovascular Diseases, Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081826. [PMID: 31394805 PMCID: PMC6722810 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive oil is one of the main ingredients in the Mediterranean diet, being an important ally in disease prevention. Its nutritional composition is comprised of mainly monounsaturated fatty acids, with oleic being the major acid, plus minor components which act as effective antioxidants, such as hydroxytyrosol. Studies have shown that the consumption of olive oil, as well as its isolated components or in synergism, can be a primary and secondary protective factor against the development of cardiovascular diseases since it reduces the concentrations of low-density lipoproteins and increases the concentration of high-density lipoproteins. Furthermore, it exerts an influence on the inflammatory markers, such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor, which are pro-inflammatory agents in the body. The components present in olive oil are also associated with the promotion of intestinal health since they stimulate a higher biodiversity of beneficial gut bacteria, enhancing their balance. The objective of this review is to present recent data on investigated effects of olive oil and its components on the metabolism, focused on cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, and gut biota.
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Romani A, Ieri F, Urciuoli S, Noce A, Marrone G, Nediani C, Bernini R. Health Effects of Phenolic Compounds Found in Extra-Virgin Olive Oil, By-Products, and Leaf of Olea europaea L. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081776. [PMID: 31374907 PMCID: PMC6724211 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Olea europaea L. fruit is a peculiar vegetal matrix containing high levels of fatty acids (98–99% of the total weight of extra-virgin olive oil, EVOO) and low quantities (1–2%) of phenolics, phytosterols, tocopherols, and squalene. Among these minor components, phenolics are relevant molecules for human health. This review is focused on their beneficial activity, in particular of hydroxytyrosol (HT), oleuropein (OLE), oleocanthal (OLC), and lignans found in EVOO, olive oil by-products and leaves. Specifically, the cardioprotective properties of the Mediterranean diet (MD) related to olive oil consumption, and the biological activities of polyphenols recovered from olive oil by-products and leaves were described. Recent European projects such as EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) and EPICOR (long-term follow-up of antithrombotic management patterns in acute coronary syndrome patients) have demonstrated the functional and preventive activities of EVOO showing the relation both between cancer and nutrition and between consumption of EVOO, vegetables, and fruit and the incidence of coronary heart disease. The data reported in this review demonstrate that EVOO, one of the pillars of the MD, is the main product of Olea europaea L. fruits; leaves and by-products are secondary but precious products from which bioactive compounds can be recovered by green technologies and reused for food, agronomic, nutraceutical, and biomedical applications according to the circular economy strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Romani
- PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food Supplement, Technology and Analysis)-DiSIA, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Francesca Ieri
- PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food Supplement, Technology and Analysis)-DiSIA, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Silvia Urciuoli
- PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food Supplement, Technology and Analysis)-DiSIA, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Annalisa Noce
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giulia Marrone
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- PhD School of Applied Medical, Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Nediani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Roberta Bernini
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Borges TH, Serna A, López LC, Lara L, Nieto R, Seiquer I. Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Spanish Extra Virgin Olive Oil Regarding Cultivar, Harvest Year and Crop Stage. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8070217. [PMID: 31373316 PMCID: PMC6681037 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8070217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The health benefits of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) are related to its chemical composition and the presence of bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate antioxidant compounds (pigments, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and phenolic compounds) and antioxidant properties of EVOO from the same region comparing different cultivars (Hojiblanca and Arbequina), harvest year and crop stage. Antioxidant properties of oils were studied before and after a gastrointestinal digestion process, by in vitro assays (DPPH, ABTS and FRAP) and antioxidant markers in Caco-2 cells (reactive oxygen species production). The content of bioactive compounds measured was significantly affected by cultivar and harvest year (except for carotenoids) and by the crop stage (except for coenzyme Q10). Higher amounts of coenzyme Q10 were observed in Hojiblanca than in Arbequina EVOO. Total phenol content and antioxidant properties were also different depending on cultivar and harvest year and the in vitro digestion process strongly improved antioxidant marker values. Antioxidant potential in bioaccessible fractions was mainly related to the content of coenzyme Q10 and phenolic compounds in EVOO. Chemometric analysis showed that the oils were clearly classified by cultivars, harvest and crop stage, according to the chemical composition and antioxidant activity analyzed in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thays Helena Borges
- Departamento de Fisiología y Bioquímica de la Nutrición Animal, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Camino del Jueves, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Adriana Serna
- Policlínica de Especialidades Médicas. Federico Medrano 620, San Francisco del Rincón, Guanajuato 36300, Mexico;
| | - Luis Carlos López
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Luis Lara
- Departamento de Fisiología y Bioquímica de la Nutrición Animal, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Camino del Jueves, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Rosa Nieto
- Departamento de Fisiología y Bioquímica de la Nutrición Animal, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Camino del Jueves, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Isabel Seiquer
- Departamento de Fisiología y Bioquímica de la Nutrición Animal, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Camino del Jueves, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain.
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Mediterranean and MIND Diets Containing Olive Biophenols Reduces the Prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112797. [PMID: 31181669 PMCID: PMC6600544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) increases with nonmodifiable conditions including age and lack of effective efficacious pharmacotherapy. During the past decades, the non-pharmacotherapy mode of treatment of dietary modification received extensive attention in AD research. In order to reduce the AD pathology and cognitive decline, various dietary patterns have been attempted including caloric restriction (CR), dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH), ketogenic diets (KD), Mediterranean diet (MedDi) and Mediterranean-DASH diet Intervention for Neurological Delay (MIND) diet. Higher adherence to the MedDi diet was associated with decreases in cardiovascular and neurological disorders including AD and related cognitive decline. However, another emerging healthy dietary pattern MIND diet has also been associated with slower rates of cognitive decline and significant reduction of AD rate. Olive serves as one of the building block components of MedDi and MIND diets and the exerted potential health beneficial might be suggested due to the presence of its bioactive constituents such as oleic acids and phenolic compounds (biophenols). A few trials using medical food showed an optimal result in presymptomatic or early stages of AD. The review supports the notion that MedDi and MIND diets display potential for maintaining the cognitive function as nonpharmacological agents against AD pathology and proposed preventative mechanism through the presence of olive biophenols and presents the gaps along with the future directions.
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Deiana M, Montoro P, Jerković I, Atzeri A, Marijanović Z, Serreli G, Piacente S, Tuberoso CIG. First characterization of Pompia intrea candied fruit: The headspace chemical profile, polar extract composition and its biological activities. Food Res Int 2019; 120:620-630. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Serreli G, Melis MP, Corona G, Deiana M. Modulation of LPS-induced nitric oxide production in intestinal cells by hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol metabolites: Insight into the mechanism of action. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 125:520-527. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Cocetta V, Catanzaro D, Borgonetti V, Ragazzi E, Giron MC, Governa P, Carnevali I, Biagi M, Montopoli M. A Fixed Combination of Probiotics and Herbal Extracts Attenuates Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction from Inflammatory Stress in an In vitro Model Using Caco-2 Cells. Recent Pat Food Nutr Agric 2019; 10:62-69. [PMID: 30088455 DOI: 10.2174/2212798410666180808121328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), are considered a growing global disease, with about ten million people being affected worldwide. Maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity is crucial for preventing IBD onset and exacerbations. Some recent patents regarding oily formulations containing probiotics (WO2010122107A1 and WO2010103374A9) and the use of probiotics for gastrointestinal complaints (US20110110905A1 and US9057112B2) exist, or are pending application. OBJECTIVE In this work, we studied the effect of a fixed combination of registered Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus acidophilus strains and herbal extracts in an in vitro inflammation experimental model. METHODS Caco-2 cell monolayer was exposed to INF-γ+TNF-α or to LPS; Trans Epithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) and paracellular permeability were investigated. ZO-1 and occludin Tight Junctions (TJs) were also investigated by mean of immunofluorescence. RESULTS Pre-treatment with the fixed combination of probiotics and herbal extracts prevented the inflammation-induced TEER decrease, paracellular permeability increase and TJs translocation. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the fixed combination of probiotics and herbal extracts investigated in this research was found to be an interesting candidate for targeting the re-establishment of intestinal barrier function in IBD conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Cocetta
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Catanzaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Vittoria Borgonetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Eugenio Ragazzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria C Giron
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Governa
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- SIFITLab, Italian Society of Phytotherapy, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Marco Biagi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- SIFITLab, Italian Society of Phytotherapy, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Monica Montopoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- SIFITLab, Italian Society of Phytotherapy, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Serreli G, Deiana M. In vivoformed metabolites of polyphenols and their biological efficacy. Food Funct 2019; 10:6999-7021. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01733j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The metabolites of polyphenols are antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents. Being bioavailable, they may play an important role in preventing degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Serreli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Cagliari
- Cagliari
- Italy
| | - Monica Deiana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Cagliari
- Cagliari
- Italy
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32
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Biological Relevance of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Polyphenols Metabolites. ANTIOXIDANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018. [PMID: 30469520 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7120170]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) polyphenols beneficial effects have widely been debated throughout the last three decades, with greater attention to hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol, which are by far the most studied. The main concern about the evaluation of EVOO phenols activities in vitro and in vivo is that the absorption and metabolism of these compounds once ingested lead to the production of different metabolites in the human body. EVOO phenols in the ingested forms are less concentrated in human tissues than their glucuronide, sulfate and methyl metabolites; on the other hand, metabolites may undergo deconjugation before entering the cells and thus act as free forms or may be reformed inside the cells so acting as conjugated forms. In most in vitro studies the presence of methyl/sulfate/glucuronide functional groups does not seem to inhibit biological activity. Parent compounds and metabolites have been shown to reach tissue concentrations useful to exert beneficial effects others than antioxidant and scavenging properties, by modulating intracellular signaling and improving cellular response to oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory stimuli. This review aims to give an overview on the reported evidence of the positive effects exerted by the main EVOO polyphenols metabolites in comparison with the parent compounds.
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Biological Relevance of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Polyphenols Metabolites. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7120170. [PMID: 30469520 PMCID: PMC6315336 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7120170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) polyphenols beneficial effects have widely been debated throughout the last three decades, with greater attention to hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol, which are by far the most studied. The main concern about the evaluation of EVOO phenols activities in vitro and in vivo is that the absorption and metabolism of these compounds once ingested lead to the production of different metabolites in the human body. EVOO phenols in the ingested forms are less concentrated in human tissues than their glucuronide, sulfate and methyl metabolites; on the other hand, metabolites may undergo deconjugation before entering the cells and thus act as free forms or may be reformed inside the cells so acting as conjugated forms. In most in vitro studies the presence of methyl/sulfate/glucuronide functional groups does not seem to inhibit biological activity. Parent compounds and metabolites have been shown to reach tissue concentrations useful to exert beneficial effects others than antioxidant and scavenging properties, by modulating intracellular signaling and improving cellular response to oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory stimuli. This review aims to give an overview on the reported evidence of the positive effects exerted by the main EVOO polyphenols metabolites in comparison with the parent compounds.
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Brahmi F, Vejux A, Sghaier R, Zarrouk A, Nury T, Meddeb W, Rezig L, Namsi A, Sassi K, Yammine A, Badreddine I, Vervandier-Fasseur D, Madani K, Boulekbache-Makhlouf L, Nasser B, Lizard G. Prevention of 7-ketocholesterol-induced side effects by natural compounds. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:3179-3198. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1491828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatiha Brahmi
- Team ‘Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism’, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Lab. Biomathématique, Biochimie, Biophysique et Scientométrie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Anne Vejux
- Team ‘Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism’, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Randa Sghaier
- Team ‘Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism’, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Lab-NAFS ‘Nutrition - Functional Food & Vascular Health’, LR12ES05, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine, Lab. Biochemistry, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Amira Zarrouk
- Lab-NAFS ‘Nutrition - Functional Food & Vascular Health’, LR12ES05, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine, Lab. Biochemistry, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Thomas Nury
- Team ‘Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism’, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Wiem Meddeb
- Team ‘Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism’, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- LMMA/IPEST, Faculty of Science, University of Carthage, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Leila Rezig
- Team ‘Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism’, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- ESIAT, Lab. Conservation et Valorisation des Aliments, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amira Namsi
- Team ‘Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism’, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- University Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Science of Tunis, Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Khouloud Sassi
- Team ‘Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism’, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Lab. Onco-Hematology, Faculty de Medicine of Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Aline Yammine
- Team ‘Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism’, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Bioactive Molecules Research Lab, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Iham Badreddine
- Team ‘Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism’, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Lab. ‘Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles et Environnement’, Université Ibn Zohr, Taroudant, Morocco
| | | | - Khodir Madani
- Lab. Biomathématique, Biochimie, Biophysique et Scientométrie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Lila Boulekbache-Makhlouf
- Lab. Biomathématique, Biochimie, Biophysique et Scientométrie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Boubker Nasser
- Lab. Neuroscience and Biochemistry, Université Hassan 1er, Settat, Morocco
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Team ‘Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism’, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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35
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Anushiravani M, Bakhshaee M, Taghipour A, Mehri MR. Comparison of the therapeutic effect of the Persian Medicine Protocol with the common treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis: a randomized clinical trial. Electron Physician 2018; 10:7017-7027. [PMID: 30128092 PMCID: PMC6092137 DOI: 10.19082/7017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic rhinosinusitis is one of the most common diseases affecting the quality of life of patients. Patients suffer from high costs in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Frequent recurrence and failure of therapeutic protocols are among the most important issues in the management of this disease. In view of this, the use of traditional and complementary therapies to promote the treatment of this disease has been increasingly taken into account. Objective Comparison of the effectiveness of the Persian Medicine Protocol with the conventional therapy in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis. Methods A randomized clinical trial was conducted at Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad, Iran from July 2016 to March 2017. For patients with chronic rhinosinusitis symptoms, endoscopy of the sinuses was performed by an ENT specialist and in the case of negative endoscopy, paranasal sinus CT scan was requested. A total of 42 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis were randomly assigned to two groups. The first group (classical) received systemic and intranasal cortisone, and the second group (traditional) received a therapeutic Persian medicine protocol including intranasal lavender oil, and Liquorice Marjoram Tea (L. M. tea) for six weeks. The symptoms of the patients were evaluated using the SNOT-22 questionnaire at the beginning of the study and at the sixth week. If no improvement occurs, treatment continued for 12 weeks. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16, using ANOVA, independent-samples and paired-samples t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and simple linear regression. Results In 20 patients in the traditional group, the decrease in SNOT score was observed as 56% after 6 weeks treatment (p=0.001), which is similar to the effect of the first group (classical). Although there was no statically significant difference between the two groups, in clinical terms, the difference in mean systemic symptoms such as confusion with 1.05 (p=0.5) and fatigue with 1.63 (p=0.01) had more improvement in the traditional group, and the difference in mean local symptoms such as nasal congestion with 2.37 (p=0.78) and runny nose with 1.95 (p=0.14) had a more decrease in the classical group. Conclusion The results of this trial indicate the effectiveness of the Persian Medicine Protocol (including Lavender oil and L.M tea) in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis, especially on improving systemic symptoms. Nevertheless more clinical studies are necessary to support the acquired results. Trial registration This trial was registered at the Iranian Center for Clinical Trials (ID: IRCT2015112425217N1). Funding This research is part of a PhD thesis and is funded by the Vice-Chancellor for Research at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Grant No. 931673.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Anushiravani
- MD. Ph.D. of Persian Medicine, Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Bakhshaee
- MD. Associate Professor, Sinus and Surgical Endoscopic Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Taghipour
- MD. PhD in Epidemiology, Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Social Determinants of Health Research, Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mehri
- MD. PhD of Persian Medicine, Student Research Committee, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Crespo MC, Tomé-Carneiro J, Dávalos A, Visioli F. Pharma-Nutritional Properties of Olive Oil Phenols. Transfer of New Findings to Human Nutrition. Foods 2018; 7:E90. [PMID: 29891766 PMCID: PMC6025313 DOI: 10.3390/foods7060090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet has been long associated with improved cardiovascular prognosis, chemoprevention, and lower incidence of neurodegeneration. Of the multiple components of this diet, olive oil stands out because its use has historically been limited to the Mediterranean basin. The health benefits of olive oil and some of its components are being rapidly decoded. In this paper we review the most recent pharma-nutritional investigations on olive oil biophenols and their health effects, chiefly focusing on recent findings that elucidate their molecular mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Crespo
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Joao Tomé-Carneiro
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alberto Dávalos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francesco Visioli
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy.
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Castañeda-Arriaga R, Pérez-González A, Reina M, Alvarez-Idaboy JR, Galano A. Comprehensive Investigation of the Antioxidant and Pro-oxidant Effects of Phenolic Compounds: A Double-Edged Sword in the Context of Oxidative Stress? J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:6198-6214. [PMID: 29771524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b03500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is a health-threatening process that is involved, at least partially, in the development of several diseases. Although antioxidants can be used as a chemical defense against OS, they might also exhibit pro-oxidant effects, depending on environmental conditions. In this work, such a dual behavior was investigated for phenolic compounds (PhCs) within the framework of the density functional theory and based on kinetic data. Multiple reaction mechanisms were considered in both cases. The presence of redox metals, the pH, and the possibility that PhCs might be transformed into benzoquinones were identified as key aspects in the antioxidant versus pro-oxidant effects of these compounds. The main virtues of PhCs as antioxidants are their radical trapping activity, their regeneration under physiological conditions, and their behavior as OH-inactivating ligands. The main risks of PhCs as pro-oxidants are predicted to be the role of phenolate ions in the reduction of metal ions, which can promote Fenton-like reactions, and the formation of benzoquinones that might cause protein arylation at cysteine sites. Although the benefits seem to overcome the hazards, to properly design chemical strategies against OS using PhCs, it is highly recommended to carefully explore their duality in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Castañeda-Arriaga
- Departamento de Química , Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa , San Rafael Atlixco 186 , Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa , C.P. 09340 México City , México
| | - Adriana Pérez-González
- CONACYT-Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa , San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa , C.P. 09340 México City , México
| | - Miguel Reina
- Departamento de Química , Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa , San Rafael Atlixco 186 , Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa , C.P. 09340 México City , México
| | - J Raúl Alvarez-Idaboy
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Física y Química Teórica , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , C.P. 04510 México City , México
| | - Annia Galano
- Departamento de Química , Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa , San Rafael Atlixco 186 , Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa , C.P. 09340 México City , México
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Allane T, Benamara S. Determination of reducing power of 56 Algerian plant products using olive (Olea europaea) oil as extraction solvent. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2018.1469016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Allane
- Research Laboratory in Food Technology, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, University M’hamed Bougara, Boumerdès, Algeria
| | - S. Benamara
- Research Laboratory in Food Technology, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, University M’hamed Bougara, Boumerdès, Algeria
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Olive oil polyphenols reduce oxysterols -induced redox imbalance and pro-inflammatory response in intestinal cells. Redox Biol 2018; 17:348-354. [PMID: 29793168 PMCID: PMC6007813 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary habits may strongly influence intestinal homeostasis. Oxysterols, the oxidized products of cholesterol present in cholesterol-containing foodstuffs, have been shown to exert pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory effects, altering intestinal epithelial layer and thus contributing to the pathogenesis of human inflammatory bowel diseases and colon cancer. Extra virgin olive oil polyphenols possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and concentrate in the intestinal lumen, where may help in preventing intestinal diseases. In the present study we evaluated the ability of an extra virgin olive oil phenolic extract to counteract the pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory action of a representative mixture of dietary oxysterols in the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (Caco-2) undergoing full differentiation into enterocyte-like cells. Oxysterols treatment significantly altered differentiated Caco-2 cells redox status, leading to oxidant species production and a decrease of GSH levels, after 1 h exposure, followed by an increase of cytokines production, IL-6 and IL-8, after 24 h. Oxysterol cell treatment also induced after 48 h an increase of NO release, due to the induction of iNOS. Pretreatment with the phenolic extract counteracted oxysterols effects, at least in part by modulating one of the main pathways activated in the cellular response to the action of oxysterols, the MAPK-NF-kB pathway. We demonstrated the ability of the phenolic extract to directly modulate p38 and JNK1/2 phosphorylation and activation of NF-kB, following its inhibitor IkB phosphorylation. The phenolic extract also inhibited iNOS induction, keeping NO concentration at the control level. Our results suggest a protective effect at intestinal level of extra virgin olive oil polyphenols, able to prevent or limit redox unbalance and the onset and progression of chronic intestinal inflammation. Dietary oxysterols exerted pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory effects in differentiated Caco-2 cells. H2O2 production, GSH decrease, IL-6 and IL-8 release were detected. NO release due to iNOS induction was higher than controls in oxysterols treated cells. Olive oil phenolic extract efficiently counteracted oxysterols effects. Phenolic extract directly modulated p38 and JNK MAPK/NF-κB signaling axis.
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Deiana M, Serra G, Corona G. Modulation of intestinal epithelium homeostasis by extra virgin olive oil phenolic compounds. Food Funct 2018; 9:4085-4099. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00354h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil polyphenols concentrate at the intestinal level and, by modulating the microbiota, oxidative status and inflammation, contribute to prevent the onset or delay the progression of inflammatory/degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Deiana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Cagliari
- Cagliari
- Italy
| | - Gessica Serra
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences
- University of Reading
- Reading
- UK
| | - Giulia Corona
- Health Sciences Research Centre
- University of Roehampton
- SW15 4JD London
- UK
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41
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Borges TH, Pereira JA, Cabrera–Vique C, Seiquer I. Study of the antioxidant potential of Arbequina extra virgin olive oils from Brazil and Spain applying combined models of simulated digestion and cell culture markers. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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42
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da Costa JP. A current look at nutraceuticals – Key concepts and future prospects. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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43
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Cilla A, Alegría A, Attanzio A, Garcia-Llatas G, Tesoriere L, Livrea MA. Dietary phytochemicals in the protection against oxysterol-induced damage. Chem Phys Lipids 2017; 207:192-205. [PMID: 28267434 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intake of fruits and vegetables is associated with reduced incidence of many chronic diseases. These foods contain phytochemicals that often possess antioxidant and free radical scavenging capacity and show anti-inflammatory action, which are also the basis of other bioactivities and health benefits, such as anticancer, anti-aging, and protective action for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, obesity and neurodegenerative disorders. Many factors can be included in the etiopathogenesis of all of these multifactorial diseases that involve oxidative stress, inflammation and/or cell death processes, oxysterols, i.e. cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) as well as phytosterol oxidation products (POPs), among others. These oxidized lipids result from either spontaneous and/or enzymatic oxidation of cholesterol/phytosterols on the steroid nucleus or on the side chain and their critical roles in the pathophysiology of the abovementioned diseases has become increasingly evident. In this context, many studies investigated the potential of dietary phytochemicals (polyphenols, carotenoids and vitamins C and E, among others) to protect against oxysterol toxicity in various cell models mimicking pathophysiological conditions. This review, summarizing the mechanisms involved in the chemopreventive effect of phytochemicals against the injury by oxysterols may constitute a step forward to consider the importance of preventive strategies on a nutritional point of view to decrease the burden of many age-related chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cilla
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Amparo Alegría
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Dipartimento Scienze e Technologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Guadalupe Garcia-Llatas
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Dipartimento Scienze e Technologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria A Livrea
- Dipartimento Scienze e Technologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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López-García G, Cilla A, Barberá R, Alegría A. Protective effect of antioxidants contained in milk-based fruit beverages against sterol oxidation products. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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45
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Evaluation of the antioxidant capacity, furan compounds and cytoprotective/cytotoxic effects upon Caco-2 cells of commercial Colombian coffee. Food Chem 2017; 219:364-372. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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46
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Serreli G, Incani A, Atzeri A, Angioni A, Campus M, Cauli E, Zurru R, Deiana M. Antioxidant Effect of Natural Table Olives Phenolic Extract Against Oxidative Stress and Membrane Damage in Enterocyte-Like Cells. J Food Sci 2017; 82:380-385. [PMID: 28071793 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The phenolic fraction of a naturally fermented cultivar of table olives, "Tonda di Cagliari," was investigated for the ability to protect Caco-2 cells against oxidative stress and membrane damage induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxyde (TBH). TBH exposure resulted in an alteration of cellular redox status, with an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) level. A loss of the epithelial integrity, as indicated by the decrease of the transepithelial electrical resistance value, was also observed over time, together with an intense lipid peroxidation process. The olives phenolic extract significantly counteracted ROS generation and subsequent alteration of monolayer integrity and membrane oxidative damage. The protective action of the extract is likely due to the scavenging ability of its main components, as hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, and verbascoside among the secoiridoids and derivatives. Since olives phenolic compounds concentrate in the intestinal lumen, they may be a useful tool in the prevention of intestinal disorders related to oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Serreli
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Experimental Pathology, Univ. of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, Monserrato (CA), 09042, Italy
| | - Alessandra Incani
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Experimental Pathology, Univ. of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, Monserrato (CA), 09042, Italy
| | - Angela Atzeri
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Experimental Pathology, Univ. of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, Monserrato (CA), 09042, Italy
| | - Alberto Angioni
- Dept. of Life and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marco Campus
- Agricultural Research Agency of Sardinia (Agris Sardegna), Km 18.600 S.S. 291, Loc. Bonassai, Sassari, Italy
| | - Emanuele Cauli
- Agricultural Research Agency of Sardinia (Agris Sardegna), Km 18.600 S.S. 291, Loc. Bonassai, Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberto Zurru
- Agricultural Research Agency of Sardinia (Agris Sardegna), Km 18.600 S.S. 291, Loc. Bonassai, Sassari, Italy
| | - Monica Deiana
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Experimental Pathology, Univ. of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, Monserrato (CA), 09042, Italy
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Li WJ, Li L, Zhen WY, Wang LF, Pan M, Lv JQ, Wang F, Yao YF, Nie SP, Xie MY. Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide ameliorates ROS generation and apoptosis in spleen and thymus of immunosuppressed mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 99:199-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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48
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Protective Effects of α-Tocopherol, γ-Tocopherol and Oleic Acid, Three Compounds of Olive Oils, and No Effect of Trolox, on 7-Ketocholesterol-Induced Mitochondrial and Peroxisomal Dysfunction in Microglial BV-2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17121973. [PMID: 27897980 PMCID: PMC5187773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17121973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation products, such as 7-ketocholesterol (7KC), may be increased in the body fluids and tissues of patients with neurodegenerative diseases and trigger microglial dysfunction involved in neurodegeneration. It is therefore important to identify synthetic and natural molecules able to impair the toxic effects of 7KC. We determined the impact of 7KC on murine microglial BV-2 cells, especially its ability to trigger mitochondrial and peroxisomal dysfunction, and evaluated the protective effects of α- and γ-tocopherol, Trolox, and oleic acid (OA). Multiple complementary chemical assays, flow cytometric and biochemical methods were used to evaluate the antioxidant and cytoprotective properties of these molecules. According to various complementary assays to estimate antioxidant activity, only α-, and γ-tocopherol, and Trolox had antioxidant properties. However, only α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol and OA were able to impair 7KC-induced loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, which is associated with increased permeability to propidium iodide, an indicator of cell death. In addition, α-and γ-tocopherol, and OA were able to prevent the decrease in Abcd3 protein levels, which allows the measurement of peroxisomal mass, and in mRNA levels of Abcd1 and Abcd2, which encode for two transporters involved in peroxisomal β-oxidation. Thus, 7KC-induced side effects are associated with mitochondrial and peroxisomal dysfunction which can be inversed by natural compounds, thus supporting the hypothesis that the composition of the diet can act on the function of organelles involved in neurodegenerative diseases.
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