1
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Liang CC, Zhang FQ, Chen J. Screening and characterization of cosmetic efficacy components of Terminalia chebula based on biological activity-guided methodology. Biomed Chromatogr 2024:e5974. [PMID: 39090681 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Terminalia chebula exhibits a high level of antioxidant capacity and is highly valued in medicine and cosmetics. However, its main efficacy and active ingredients related to antioxidant, whitening, and anti-aging are still unclear. In this study, the active site responsible for its cosmetic efficacy was specified by the biological activity-guided method and further characterized by using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS). T. chebula was ultrasonically extracted by five solvents, and 30% ethanol extract was screened out for subsequent purification by 1,1-D-iphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS), hydroxyl, and superoxide anion free radical scavenging assays. Five elution fractions were obtained by column chromatography on D101 macroporous adsorbent resin eluted by an increased proportion of ethanol. The 30% ethanol elution fraction was specified as the enrichment site of active ingredients showing good antioxidant capacity and potent inhibitory activity against tyrosinase and elastase. A total of 30 compounds were identified by UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS in the 30% ethanol elution fraction, including 11 gallotannins, 14 ellagitannins, and 5 other compounds, and these compounds may be the key ingredients in cosmetics beneficial for the skin. Such a biological activity-guided method has provided a simple and rapid venue for specifying the components of medicinal herbs responsible for cosmetic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Cai Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | | | - Juan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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2
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Roy S, Sarkar T, Upadhye VJ, Chakraborty R. Comprehensive Review on Fruit Seeds: Nutritional, Phytochemical, Nanotechnology, Toxicity, Food Biochemistry, and Biotechnology Perspective. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:4472-4643. [PMID: 37755640 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04674-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Fruit seeds are leftovers from a variety of culinary sectors. They are generally unutilized and contribute greatly to global disposals. These seeds not only possess various nutritional attributes but also have many heath-beneficial properties. One way to make use of these seeds is to extract their bioactive components and create fortified food items. Nowadays, researchers are highly interested in creating innovative functional meals and food components from these unconventional resources. The main objective of this manuscript was to determine the usefulness of seed powder from 70 highly consumed fruits, including Apple, Apricot, Avocado, Banana, Blackberry, Blackcurrant, Blueberry, Cherry, Common plum, Cranberry, Gooseberry, Jackfruit, Jamun, Kiwi, Lemon, Mahua, Mango, Melon, Olive, Orange, and many more have been presented. The nutritional attributes, phytochemical composition, health advantages, nanotechnology applications, and toxicity of these fruit seeds have been fully depicted. This study also goes into in-depth detailing on creating useful food items out of these seeds, such as bakery goods, milk products, cereal-based goods, and meat products. It also identifies enzymes purified from these seeds along with their biochemical applications and any research openings in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Roy
- Department of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Tanmay Sarkar
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Malda Polytechnic, West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, Govt. of West Bengal, Malda, 732102, India.
| | | | - Runu Chakraborty
- Department of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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3
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Zeng S, Wang K, Liu X, Hu Z, Zhao L. Potential of longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) in functional food: A review of molecular mechanism-directing health benefit properties. Food Chem 2024; 437:137812. [PMID: 37897820 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) has received widespread attention worldwide as a therapeutic food with nutritional, economic, and medicinal value. Its fruit, seed, pericarp, and flower becoming dietary tools for health maintenance when it comes to targeting chronic diseases or sub-health conditions. In recent years, research focusing on longan and human health has intensified, and the high-value products of the whole fruit, including polyphenols, polysaccharides, angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibiting peptides, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and Maillard reaction products etc., may have beneficial effects on human health by preventing the onset of chronic diseases and cancer, maintaining intestinal homeostasis and skin health. Here, we review and summarize the new available evidence on the bioactive role of phytochemicals in longan and explore the relationship between longan bioactive compounds and health benefits, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms of the health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiai Zeng
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xuwei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhuoyan Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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4
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The ways for ginsenoside Rh2 to fight against cancer: the molecular evidences in vitro and in vivo. J Ginseng Res 2023; 47:173-182. [PMID: 36926617 PMCID: PMC10014223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a global public health issue that becomes the second primary cause of death globally. Considering the side effects of radio- or chemo-therapy, natural phytochemicals are promising alternatives for therapeutic interventions to alleviate the side effects and complications. Ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2) is the main phytochemical extracted from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer with anticancer activity. GRh2 could induce apoptosis and autophagy of cancer cells and inhibit proliferation, metastasis, invasion, and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. In addition, GRh2 could be used as an adjuvant to chemotherapeutics to enhance the anticancer effect and reverse the adverse effects. Here we summarized the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of GRh2 and proposed future directions to promote the development and application of GRh2.
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5
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Zhao HH, Li YJ, Guo ZH, Chen J. Screening of acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant active compounds from Terminalia chebula fruits by spectrum-effect relationship and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:3412-3421. [PMID: 35819997 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Huan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yan-Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Guo
- Gansu Institute for Drug Control, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China.,State Drug Administration-Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Decoction Pieces, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China.,Gansu Engineering Technology Laboratory for Inspection and Testing of Chinese and Tibetan Medicine, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Juan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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6
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Lai T, Shuai L, Han D, Lai Z, Du X, Guo X, Hu W, Wu Z, Luo T. Comparative metabolomics reveals differences in primary and secondary metabolites between "Shixia" and "Chuliang" longan ( Dimocarpus longan Lour.) pulp. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:5785-5799. [PMID: 34646546 PMCID: PMC8498058 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Longan was a characteristic fruit for both medicine and food in China, which was rich in primary and secondary metabolites. Comprehensive high-throughput identification and comparison of metabolites in longan pulp among different varieties were still lacked. "Shixia" (SX) and "Chuliang" (CL) were the biggest major cultivars of longan in China. In this study, the content of total soluble solid, total flavonoid, and total phenolics indicated the difference of sweetness and bioactive compound content between the SX and CL pulp. Through a widely targeted metabolome, a total of 514 metabolites were identified and categorized into 23 groups mainly including flavonoids, amino acids & derivatives, lipids, phenolic acids, nucleotides & derivatives, alkaloids, organic acids and sugars & derivatives. A total of 89 metabolites with significantly differential accumulation (variable importance in projection (VIP) value ≧1, p-value <.05) over 1.2 fold were found between SX and CL, which were mainly enriched into pathways including flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and arginine and proline metabolism. Higher leveled hexose and hexose-phosphate (i.e., β-D-glucose, D(+)-glucose, glucose-1-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate), dominant organic acids (i.e., citric acid, succinic acid, D-malic acid, and citramalate), and essential amino acids (L-threonine, L-valine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-phenylalanine and L-lysine) in SX pulp might be contributed to the taste and flavor difference between SX and CL. Moreover, the greatly differential accumulated secondary metabolites especially flavonoids and phenolic acids might result in different medicinal and nutritional characteristic between SX and CL. In conclusion, this study provided a systemic metabolic basis for understanding the nutritional differences between SX and CL and would help deepen the molecular biology and pharmacology research on characteristic metabolites in longan pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Lai
- College of HorticultureSouth China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products PreservationMinistry of EducationGuangzhouChina
| | - Liang Shuai
- College of Food and Biological Engineering/Institute of Food Science and Engineering TechnologyHezhou UniversityHezhouChina
| | - Dongmei Han
- Institute of Fruit Tree ResearchGuangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource UtilizationMinistry of AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Ziying Lai
- College of HorticultureSouth China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products PreservationMinistry of EducationGuangzhouChina
| | - Xinxin Du
- College of HorticultureSouth China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products PreservationMinistry of EducationGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaomeng Guo
- College of HorticultureSouth China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products PreservationMinistry of EducationGuangzhouChina
| | - Wenshun Hu
- Fruit Research InstituteFujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFuzhouChina
| | - Zhenxian Wu
- College of HorticultureSouth China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products PreservationMinistry of EducationGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Tao Luo
- College of HorticultureSouth China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products PreservationMinistry of EducationGuangzhouChina
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7
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Yang LJ, Chen RH, Hamdoun S, Coghi P, Ng JPL, Zhang DW, Guo X, Xia C, Law BYK, Wong VKW. Corilagin prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection by targeting RBD-ACE2 binding. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 87:153591. [PMID: 34029937 PMCID: PMC8098048 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outbreak of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease caused more than 100,000,000 people get infected and over 2,200,000 people being killed worldwide. However, the current developed vaccines or drugs may be not effective in preventing the pandemic of COVID-19 due to the mutations of coronavirus and the severe side effects of the newly developed vaccines. Chinese herbal medicines and their active components play important antiviral activities. Corilagin exhibited antiviral effect on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). However, whether it blocks the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 RBD and hACE2 has not been elucidated. PURPOSE To characterize an active compound, corilagin derived from Phyllanthus urinaria as potential SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitors for its possible preventive application in daily anti-virus hygienic products. METHODS Computational docking coupled with bio-layer interferometry, BLI were adopted to screen more than 1800 natural compounds for the identification of SARS-CoV-2 spike-RBD inhibitors. Corilagin was confirmed to have a strong binding affinity with SARS-CoV-2-RBD or human ACE2 (hACE2) protein by the BLI, ELISA and immunocytochemistry (ICC) assay. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of viral infection of corilagin was assessed by in vitro pseudovirus system. Finally, the toxicity of corilagin was examined by using MTT assay and maximal tolerated dose (MTD) studies in C57BL/6 mice. RESULTS Corilagin preferentially binds to a pocket that contains residues Cys 336 to Phe 374 of spike-RBD with a relatively low binding energy of -9.4 kcal/mol. BLI assay further confirmed that corilagin exhibits a relatively strong binding affinity to SARS-CoV-2-RBD and hACE2 protein. In addition, corilagin dose-dependently blocks SARS-CoV-2-RBD binding and abolishes the infectious property of RBD-pseudotyped lentivirus in hACE2 overexpressing HEK293 cells, which mimicked the entry of SARS-CoV-2 virus in human host cells. Finally, in vivo studies revealed that up to 300 mg/kg/day of corilagin was safe in C57BL/6 mice. Our findings suggest that corilagin could be a safe and potential antiviral agent against the COVID-19 acting through the blockade of the fusion of SARS-CoV-2 spike-RBD to hACE2 receptors. CONCLUSION Corilagin could be considered as a safe and environmental friendly anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent for its potential preventive application in daily anti-virus hygienic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jun Yang
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Rui Hong Chen
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Sami Hamdoun
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Paolo Coghi
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jerome P L Ng
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - David Wei Zhang
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Xiaoling Guo
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China
| | - Chenglai Xia
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China
| | - Betty Yuen Kwan Law
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China.
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China.
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8
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Liu J, Qin X, Ma W, Jia S, Zhang X, Yang X, Pan D, Jin F. Corilagin induces apoptosis and autophagy in NRF2‑addicted U251 glioma cell line. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:320. [PMID: 33760110 PMCID: PMC7974271 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Corilagin, extracted from the Euphorbiaceae and Phyllanthus plants, inhibits the growth of a number of types of tumors. Compared with temozolomide, the traditional chemotherapy drug, corilagin has demonstrated stronger antitumor activity. However, the pharmaceutical mechanism of corilagin in glioma remains unclear. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2 (NFE2L2 or NRF2) is positively associated with several types of tumor including glioma. In the present study, NRF2 expression was higher in glioma tissues compared with non-glioma specimens. Therefore, it was hypothesized that corilagin targets NRF2 regulation of U251 cell apoptosis. The present study used Hoechst 33258 staining to demonstrate that corilagin induced glioma cell apoptosis and observed that the expression of the apoptosis-related gene Bcl-2 was reduced. In addition, corilagin induced autophagy and promoted the conversion of light chain 3 (LC3) protein from LC3I to LC3II. NRF2 expression was downregulated by corilagin stimulation. Furthermore, the gene expression pattern following knockdown of NRF2 in U251 cells using siRNA was consistent with corilagin stimulation. Therefore, it was preliminarily concluded that corilagin induces apoptosis and autophagy by reducing NRF2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilan Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Xianyun Qin
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Wenyuan Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Shu Jia
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobei Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Xinlin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Research Labs, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Dongfeng Pan
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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9
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Chao J, Ko CY, Lin CY, Tomoji M, Huang CH, Chiang HC, Yang JJ, Huang SS, Su SY. Ethnobotanical Survey of Natural Galactagogues Prescribed in Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacies in Taiwan. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:625869. [PMID: 33679390 PMCID: PMC7928277 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.625869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural medicinal materials have been used to promote breast milk secretion. Here, we investigated the natural medicinal materials prescribed in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) pharmacies across Taiwan to induce lactation. We collected medicinal materials from 87 TCM pharmacies, identified them in the prescriptions, and analyzed their drug contents. We examined their botanical origins, biological classifications, traditional usage, and modern pharmacological properties. We used the TCM Inheritance Support System to identify core medicinal materials in galactogenous prescriptions. We collected 81 medicinal materials from 90 galactogenous prescriptions. Leguminosae accounted for 12%, whereas Apiaceae accounted for 7% of all materials examined. The primary medicinal plant parts used were roots and seeds. Nineteen frequently used medicinal materials had a relative frequency of citation of greater than or equal to 0.2. According to their efficacy, 58% were warm, 54% were sweet, and 63% were tonifying; 74% of the frequently used medicinal materials have been showed efficacy against breast cancer. The primary core medicinal material was Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, whereas the secondary core medicinal materials were Tetrapanax papyrifer (Hook.) K. Koch and Hedysarum polybotrys Hand.-Mazz. Most galactogenous prescriptions consisted of multiple materials from Leguminosae and Apiaceae. The mechanisms underlying galactogenous efficacy warrant further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Chao
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Ko
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Yu Lin
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Tsuzuki Institute for Traditional Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Maeda Tomoji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama, Japan.,Tsuzuki Institute for Traditional Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Hung-Che Chiang
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Jer Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Shyun Huang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Yu Su
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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10
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Song W, Liu LL, Ren YJ, Wei SD, Yang HB. Inhibitory effects and molecular mechanism on mushroom tyrosinase by condensed tannins isolation from the fruit of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chow. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1813-1821. [PMID: 33038405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The structure of extracted condensed tannin (CT) from the fruit of Sour jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chow) and the molecular mechanisms by which CT inhibits the activity of mushroom tyrosinase were investigated. The structure of CT was characterized by high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The kinetic assays were used to detect inhibition effect, type and mechanism. UV scanning, fluorescence quenching, copper interacting, o-quinone interaction and molecular docking assays were also used to reveal the molecular mechanisms by which CT inhibit tyrosinase. The results showed the structural units of CT containing afzelechin/epiafzelechin, catechin/epicatechin, and gallocatechin/epigallocatechin. Kinetic analysis showed that CT inhibits both the monophenolase and diphenolase activities of tyrosinase and exhibits reversible, mixed type mechanism. The fruit CT interacts primarily with the copper ions and specific amino acid residue (Asn191, Thr203, Ala202, Ser206, Met201, His194, His54, Glu182 and Ile42) in the active site of tyrosinase to disturb oxidation of substrates by tyrosinase. These results suggested the sour jujube fruit is a potential natural source of tyrosinase inhibitors, and has a potential to be used in food preservation, whitening cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan 467044, China.
| | - Lu-Lu Liu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Yuan-Jing Ren
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Shu-Dong Wei
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China.
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan 467044, China; Forestry College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China.
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11
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Mahomoodally MF, Sinan KI, Bene K, Zengin G, Orlando G, Menghini L, Veschi S, Chiavaroli A, Recinella L, Brunetti L, Leone S, Angelini P, Hubka V, Covino S, Venanzoni R, Picot-Allain MCN, De Lellis L, Cama A, Cziáky Z, Jekő J, Ferrante C. Bridelia speciosa Müll.Arg. Stem bark Extracts as a Potential Biomedicine: From Tropical Western Africa to the Pharmacy Shelf. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020128. [PMID: 32024319 PMCID: PMC7070247 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bridelia species have been used in traditional African medicine for the management of diverse human ailments. In the current work, the detailed phytochemical profiles of the extracts of the stem bark of B. speciosa were evaluated and the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties of the extracts were assessed. The anti-bacterial and anti-mycotic effects of the extracts were evaluated against selected pathogen strains. Additionally, the anti-proliferative effects were studied on the liver cancer HepG2 cell line. Finally, the putative protective effects were assessed on isolated rat liver that was challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The results revealed the presence of 36 compounds in the ethyl acetate extract, 44 in the methanol extract, and 38 in the water extract. Overall, the methanol extract showed the highest antioxidant activity, particularly in LPS-stimulated rat liver. Additionally, this extract exerted the highest antimycotic effect on C. albicans, whereas the water extract showed a promising anti-proliferative effect on liver cancer HepG2 cells. The methanol extract was also the most active as enzyme inhibitor, against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. The current study appraises the antioxidant and enzyme inhibition properties of B. speciosa methanol extract and showed that this specie could be a promising source of biologically active phytochemicals, with potential health uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam or
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit 230, Mauritius;
| | | | - Kouadio Bene
- Laboratoire de Botanique et Phytothérapie, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences de la Nature, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Université Nangui Abrogoua, 00225 Abidjan, Cote D’Ivoire;
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk Universtiy, Campus, 42130 Konya, Turkey;
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (G.O.)
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.M.); (S.V.); (A.C.); (L.R.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (L.D.L.); (A.C.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (G.O.)
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.M.); (S.V.); (A.C.); (L.R.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (L.D.L.); (A.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Serena Veschi
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.M.); (S.V.); (A.C.); (L.R.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (L.D.L.); (A.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.M.); (S.V.); (A.C.); (L.R.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (L.D.L.); (A.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.M.); (S.V.); (A.C.); (L.R.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (L.D.L.); (A.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.M.); (S.V.); (A.C.); (L.R.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (L.D.L.); (A.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.M.); (S.V.); (A.C.); (L.R.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (L.D.L.); (A.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Paola Angelini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (P.A.); (S.C.)
| | - Vit Hubka
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Stefano Covino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (P.A.); (S.C.)
| | - Roberto Venanzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (P.A.); (S.C.)
| | | | - Laura De Lellis
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.M.); (S.V.); (A.C.); (L.R.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (L.D.L.); (A.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Alessandro Cama
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.M.); (S.V.); (A.C.); (L.R.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (L.D.L.); (A.C.); (C.F.)
- Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I-Me.T), G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Zoltán Cziáky
- Agricultural and Molecular Research and Service Institute, University of Nyíregyháza, 4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary; (Z.C.); (J.J.)
| | - József Jekő
- Agricultural and Molecular Research and Service Institute, University of Nyíregyháza, 4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary; (Z.C.); (J.J.)
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.M.); (S.V.); (A.C.); (L.R.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (L.D.L.); (A.C.); (C.F.)
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Bai X, Pan R, Li M, Li X, Zhang H. HPLC Profile of Longan (cv. Shixia) Pericarp-Sourced Phenolics and Their Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Effects. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030619. [PMID: 30754614 PMCID: PMC6384674 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) pericarp, the main by-product of aril and pulp processing, is abundant in phenolic compounds and worthy of further utilization. The present work firstly reported HPLC analysis and in vitro antioxidant evaluation of longan (cv. Shixia) pericarp-derived phenolics (LPPs), the purified longan pericarp extract (LPE), as well as their cytotoxic effect on lung cancer cell line, A549. The results indicated that the purified LPE had significant amounts of phenolics, with content of 57.8 ± 0.6 mg of gallic acid equivalents per gram of dry longan pericarp (mg GAE·g-1 DLP), which consisted of six phenolic compounds (A⁻F), including protocatechuic acid (A), isoscopoletin (B), quercetin (C), ellagic acid (D), corilagin (E), and proanthocyanidins C1 (F). Antioxidant assays showed that LPPs (10 μM) and LPE (1.0 mg·mL-1) had certain antioxidant activities, in which corilagin (E) possessed the best DPPH radical scavenging rate 71.8 ± 0.5% and •OH inhibition rate 75.9 ± 0.3%, and protocatechuic acid (A) exhibited the strongest Fe2+ chelating ability 36.4 ± 0.7%. In vitro cytotoxic tests suggested that LPPs had different effect on A549 cell line, in which corilagin (E) exhibited potent cytotoxicity with an IC50 value of 28.8 ± 1.2 μM. These findings were further confirmed by cell staining experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Bai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 10048, China.
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
| | - Rui Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Mingzhu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Xiuting Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 10048, China.
| | - Huawei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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