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Mitchell CT, Bridgeman L, Moyano-López C, Penalva-Olcina R, Juan C, Juan-García A. Study of cytotoxicity in neuroblastoma cell line exposed to patulin and citrinin. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 186:114556. [PMID: 38432441 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Mycotoxins can be found in food and feed storage as well as in several kinds of foodstuff and are capable of harming mammals and some of them even in small doses. This study investigated on the undifferentiated neuronal cell line SH-SY5Y the effects of two mycotoxins: patulin (PAT) and citrinin (CTN), which are predominantly produced by fungi species Penicillium and Aspergillus. Here, the individual and combined cytotoxicity of PAT and CTN was investigated using the cytotoxic assay MTT. Our findings indicate that after 24 h of treatment, the IC50 value for PAT is 2.01 μM, which decreases at 1.5 μM after 48 h. In contrast, CTN did not attain an IC50 value at the tested concentration. Therefore, we found PAT to be the more toxic compared to CTN. However, the combined treatment suggests an additive toxic effect. With 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) DCFH-DA assay, ROS generation was demonstrated after CTN treatment, but PAT showed only small changes. The mixture presented a very constant behavior over time. Finally, the median-effect/combination index (CI-) isobologram equation demonstrated an additive effect after 24 h, but an antagonistic effect after 48 h for the interaction of the two mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra T Mitchell
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés S/n, 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain; Faculty of Biology, Johannes Gutenberg - University Mainz, Mainz, D-55128, Germany
| | - Luna Bridgeman
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés S/n, 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Claudia Moyano-López
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés S/n, 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Raquel Penalva-Olcina
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés S/n, 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Cristina Juan
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés S/n, 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Ana Juan-García
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés S/n, 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain.
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2
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Cavaliere C, Cerrato A, Laganà A, Montone CM, Piovesana S, Taglioni E, Capriotti AL. Dispersive solid phase extraction using a hydrophilic molecularly imprinted polymer for the selective extraction of patulin in apple juice samples. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:485. [PMID: 38006439 PMCID: PMC10676307 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
A molecularly imprinted polymer with a specific selectivity for patulin was successfully synthesized. The molecularly imprinted material was prepared using the two functional monomers dopamine and melamine and formaldehyde as the cross-linker. The resulting material possessed a large number of hydrophilic groups, such as hydroxyls, imino groups, and ether linkages. For the first time, uric acid was used as a dummy template for its structural similarity to patulin. Comprehensive characterization and detailed studies of the adsorption process were carried out via adsorption isotherms, while the rate-limiting steps were investigated using adsorption kinetics. Separation, determination, and quantification of patulin were achieved by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with both photodiode array detection and tandem mass spectrometry. The latter was applied to patulin confirmation in the analysis of real samples. The methodology was validated in 20 apple juice samples. The results showed that the developed hydrophilic molecularly imprinted polymer had high selectivity and specific adsorption towards patulin, with mean recoveries ranging between 85 and 90% and a relative standard deviation lower than 15%. The developed molecularly imprinted polymer exhibited good linearity in the range 1-100 ng mL-1 with coefficient of determination (R2) > 0.99. The limit of detection was 0.5 ng mL-1, and the limit of quantification was 1 ng g-1. The developed method showed a good purification capacity for apple juices due to its hydrophilic nature and the polar interactions established with the target analyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cavaliere
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Cerrato
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Laganà
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Maria Montone
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Susy Piovesana
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Taglioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Capriotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
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3
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Malir F, Pickova D, Toman J, Grosse Y, Ostry V. Hazard characterisation for significant mycotoxins in food. Mycotoxin Res 2023; 39:81-93. [PMID: 36930431 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-023-00478-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
This review updates the current status of activities related to hazard characterisation for mycotoxins, with special reference to regulatory work accomplished within the European Union. Because the relevant information on these topics is widely scattered in the scientific literature, this review intends to provide a condensed overview on the most pertinent aspects. Human health risk assessment is a procedure to estimate the nature and potential for harmful effects of mycotoxins on human health due to exposure to them via contaminated food. This assessment involves hazard identification, hazard characterisation, exposure assessment, and risk characterisation. Mycotoxins covered in this review are aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, cyclopiazonic acid, citrinin, trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, T-2, and HT-2 toxins), fumonisins, zearalenone, patulin, and ergot alkaloids. For mycotoxins with clear genotoxic/carcinogenic properties, the focus is on the margin of exposure approach. One of its goals is to document predictive characterisation of the human hazard, based on studies in animals using conditions of low exposure. For the other, non-genotoxic toxins, individual 'no adverse effect levels' have been established, but structural analogues or modified forms may still complicate assessment. During the process of hazard characterisation, each identified effect is assessed for human relevance. The estimation of a 'safe dose' is the hazard characterisation endpoint. The final aim of all of these activities is to establish a system, which is able to minimise and control the risk for the consumer from mycotoxins in food. Ongoing research on mycotoxins constantly comes up with new findings, which may have to be implemented into this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frantisek Malir
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, CZ-50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Darina Pickova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, CZ-50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Toman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, CZ-50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Yann Grosse
- The IARC Monographs Programme, International Agency for Research On Cancer (retired), Lyon, France
| | - Vladimir Ostry
- Center for Health, Nutrition and Food in Brno, National Institute of Public Health, Palackeho 3a, 61242, Brno, Czech Republic
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4
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Heperkan ZD, Gunalan-Inci E, Ceyhan T. Unexpectedly high patulin contamination and co-occurrence of ochratoxin A in homemade vinegar. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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5
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Rabaoui G, Sánchez-Juanes F, Tebini M, Naghmouchi K, Bellido JLM, Ben-Mahrez K, Réjiba S. Potential Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria with Anti-Penicillium expansum Activity from Different Species of Tunisian Edible Snails. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:82-106. [PMID: 35022998 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09882-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to isolate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from the digestive tract, meat and slime of edible snails (Helix lucorum, Helix aspersa and Eobania vermiculata) and investigate their antagonistic activity against Penicillium expansum. They were then characterized for their probiotic potential. Among 900 bacterial isolates, 47 LAB exhibiting anti-P. expansum activity were identified through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) as Levilactobacillus brevis (25), Lactococcus lactis (3), Enterococcus faecium (12), Enterococcus faecalis (4), Enterococcus casseliflavus (1), and Enterococcus mundtii (2). Sixty-two percent of the strains were tolerant to 100 mg/L of lysozyme. Seventy two percent of the isolates were able to survive at pH 3 and most of them tolerate 2.5% bile salt concentration. Moreover, 23% of the strains displayed bile salt hydrolase activity. Interestingly, all strains were biofilm strong producers. However, their auto- and co-aggregation properties were time and pH dependent with high aggregative potentiality at pH 4.5 after 24 h. Remarkably, 48.94% of the strains showed high affinity to chloroform. The safety assessment revealed that the 47 LAB had no hemolytic activity and 64% of them lacked mucin degradation activity. All isolated strains were susceptible to gentamycin, streptomycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Overall, 43 LAB strains showed inhibitory activity against a broad spectrum of pathogenic Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and yeast. Our findings suggest that L. brevis (EVM12 and EVM14) and Ent. faecium HAS34 strains could be potential candidates for probiotics with interesting antibacterial and anti-P. expansum activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Rabaoui
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory LR01ES05, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, El Manar II, Tunisia
| | - Fernando Sánchez-Juanes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mohamed Tebini
- Mixed Tunisian-Moroccan Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology and Climate Change (LPBV2C. LR11ES09), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, El Manar II, Tunisia.,Faculty of Sciences Semlalia of Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University 46000, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Karim Naghmouchi
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory LR01ES05, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, El Manar II, Tunisia.,College of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Kamel Ben-Mahrez
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory LR01ES05, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, El Manar II, Tunisia
| | - Samia Réjiba
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory LR01ES05, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, El Manar II, Tunisia. .,Higher Institute of Biotechnology, Biotechpole of Sidi Thabet, BP-66, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Ariana-Tunis, University of Manouba, Manouba 2010, Tunis, Tunisia.
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6
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Wang M, Du Y, Jiao W, Fu M. Effects of fruit tissue pH value on the
Penicillium expansum
growth, patulin accumulation and distribution. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan People's Republic of China
| | - Yamin Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiao Jiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan People's Republic of China
| | - Maorun Fu
- College of Food Science and Engineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan People's Republic of China
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7
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Conventional vs. organic vineyards: Black Aspergilli population structure, mycotoxigenic capacity and mycotoxin contamination assessment in wines, using a new Q-TOF MS-MS detection method. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.108860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Zhao X, Tian R, Zhou J, Liu Y. Multifunctional chitosan/grape seed extract/silver nanoparticle composite for food packaging application. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:152-160. [PMID: 35257728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Food-borne fungi present significant hazards to food preservation and human health. Oxidation causes spoilage and the inedibility of the fruit. However, traditional packaging films without antimicrobial or antioxidant activities do not satisfy the active packaging requirements. Films with antimicrobial and antioxidant activities are urgently required. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized from fruit waste grape seed extracts (GSE). The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of GSE-silver nanoparticles (GSE-AgNPs) and AgNPs (average size 20 nm) stabilized by polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP-AgNPs) were evaluated in vitro. The effect of chitosan (CS)-coated GSE-AgNPs and PVP-AgNPs on the postharvest quality of grape was studied during storage at 20 °C for 5 days. The results confirmed that grapes treated with CS and GSE-AgNPs showed significantly reduced decay percentage, weight loss, and maintained titratable acidity at high levels compared with those of untreated fruit and fruit treated with PVP-AgNPs. Moreover, CS and GSE-AgNPs significantly inhibited the total mold count during storage. Our results suggest that CS coating enriched with GSE-AgNPs has the potential to preserve the quality and extend the shelf life of grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Zhao
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, YangLing, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ruofei Tian
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, YangLing, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jingyi Zhou
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, YangLing, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yanlin Liu
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, YangLing, Shaanxi Province, China.
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9
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Fu R, Tang W, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Wang D, Chen W. Study on the mechanism of inhibiting patulin production by fengycin. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:372-379. [PMID: 35528279 PMCID: PMC9019426 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Penicillium expansum is the main cause of apple rot. Besides, it can also produce mycotoxin patulin (PAT). Therefore, the search for substances that can inhibit the activity and toxigenicity of P. expansum has become a hot research topic. This study investigates the inhibitory effects of fengycin on patulin production in P. expansum. P. expansum was cultured under different environments with different concentrations of fengycin. The patulin content produced per unit weight of P. expansum mycelium was detected and determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Synergy brands (SYBR) GreenI Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression levels of 6-methylsalicylic acid synthase (6-MSAS) and isoepoxydon dehydrogenase (IDH), which were the key genes of producing patulin of P. expansum mycelium, in the conditions treated by fengycin and untreated. After fengycin treatments, not only the patulin content in every unit weight of P. expansum mycelium but also the expression level of 6-MSAS decreased significantly. The expression level of 6-MSAS of treatment was 0.11 folds of control. However, the expression level of IDH treated by fengycin decreased slightly. Fengycin could inhibit the P. expansum from producing patulin by downregulating the expression of key synthetic genes 6-MSAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Fu
- College of Health Management, Henan Finance University , Zhengzhou , Henan , China
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi’an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Wei Tang
- College of Health Management, Henan Finance University , Zhengzhou , Henan , China
| | - Hong Zhang
- College of Health Management, Henan Finance University , Zhengzhou , Henan , China
| | - Yulian Zhang
- College of Health Management, Henan Finance University , Zhengzhou , Henan , China
| | - Ding Wang
- College of Health Management, Henan Finance University , Zhengzhou , Henan , China
| | - Wuling Chen
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi’an , Shaanxi , China
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10
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Kamle M, Mahato DK, Gupta A, Pandhi S, Sharma N, Sharma B, Mishra S, Arora S, Selvakumar R, Saurabh V, Dhakane-Lad J, Kumar M, Barua S, Kumar A, Gamlath S, Kumar P. Citrinin Mycotoxin Contamination in Food and Feed: Impact on Agriculture, Human Health, and Detection and Management Strategies. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14020085. [PMID: 35202113 PMCID: PMC8874403 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrinin (CIT) is a mycotoxin produced by different species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Monascus. CIT can contaminate a wide range of foods and feeds at any time during the pre-harvest, harvest, and post-harvest stages. CIT can be usually found in beans, fruits, fruit and vegetable juices, herbs and spices, and dairy products, as well as red mold rice. CIT exerts nephrotoxic and genotoxic effects in both humans and animals, thereby raising concerns regarding the consumption of CIT-contaminated food and feed. Hence, to minimize the risk of CIT contamination in food and feed, understanding the incidence of CIT occurrence, its sources, and biosynthetic pathways could assist in the effective implementation of detection and mitigation measures. Therefore, this review aims to shed light on sources of CIT, its prevalence in food and feed, biosynthetic pathways, and genes involved, with a major focus on detection and management strategies to ensure the safety and security of food and feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Kamle
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli 791109, India;
| | - Dipendra Kumar Mahato
- CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood 3125, Australia; (D.K.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Akansha Gupta
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (A.G.); (S.P.); (B.S.); (S.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Shikha Pandhi
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (A.G.); (S.P.); (B.S.); (S.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Nitya Sharma
- Food Customization Research Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India;
| | - Bharti Sharma
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (A.G.); (S.P.); (B.S.); (S.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Sadhna Mishra
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (A.G.); (S.P.); (B.S.); (S.M.); (A.K.)
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India
| | - Shalini Arora
- Department of Dairy Technology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar 125004, India;
| | - Raman Selvakumar
- Centre for Protected Cultivation Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Vivek Saurabh
- Division of Food Science and Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Jyoti Dhakane-Lad
- Technology Transfer Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India;
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR—Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India;
| | - Sreejani Barua
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India;
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (A.G.); (S.P.); (B.S.); (S.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Shirani Gamlath
- CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood 3125, Australia; (D.K.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli 791109, India;
- Correspondence:
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11
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Impact of the antifungal protein PgAFP on the proteome and patulin production of Penicillium expansum on apple-based medium. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 363:109511. [PMID: 34990884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Apples are prone to be contaminated with Penicillium expansum, which produces the mycotoxin patulin, posing a risk for human health. Antifungal treatments are required to control this fungal pathogen, although consumers demand products free of synthetic additives. Then, the use of antifungal proteins produced by moulds represents a novel and promising strategy. Although its inhibitory effect on P. expansum has been reported, the impact of these proteins on patulin production has been scarcely studied, pointing to a possible patulin overproduction. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the antifungal protein PgAFP on the proteome and patulin biosynthesis of P. expansum grown in apple-based agar, intending to decipher these effects without the apple in vivo physiological response to the fungal infection. PgAFP increased the production of patulin on three of the five P. expansum strains evaluated. The proteome of the PgAFP-treated P. expansum showed five proteins involved in patulin biosynthesis in higher abundance (fold change 2.8-9.8), as well as proteins related to pathogenicity and virulence that suggest lower ability to infect fruits. Additionally, several proteins associated with oxidative stress, such as glutathione peroxidase, redoxin, or heat shock proteins were found in higher abundance, pointing to a response against oxidative stress elicited by PgAFP. These results provide evidence to be cautious in applying this antifungal protein in apples, being of utmost relevance to provide knowledge about the global response of P. expansum against an antifungal protein with many shared characteristics with others. These findings significantly contribute to future studies of assessment and suitability of not only these antifungal proteins but also new antifungal compounds.
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12
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Guo Z, Chen P, Wang M, Zuo M, El-Seedi HR, Chen Q, Shi J, Zou X. Rapid enrichment detection of patulin and alternariol in apple using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy with coffee-ring effect. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Recent Advances in Mycotoxin Analysis and Detection of Mycotoxigenic Fungi in Grapes and Derived Products. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13052537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of filamentous fungi that can cause toxic effects in human and animal health. Most of the filamentous fungi that produce these mycotoxins belong to four genera, namely, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, and Alternaria. Mycotoxigenic fungi, along with mycotoxins, create a constant and serious economic threat for agriculture in many terms, counting product losses due to crop contamination and food spoilage, as well malnutrition when considering nutritional quality degradation. Given the importance of robust and precise diagnostics of mycotoxins and the related producing fungi in the grape food chain, one of the most important agricultural sectors worldwide, the present review initially delivers a comprehensive presentation of mycotoxin reports on grape and derived products, including a wide range of commodities such as fresh grapes, raisins, wine, juices, and other processed products. Next, based on worldwide regulations’ requirements for mycotoxins, and referring to the relative literature, this work presents methodological approaches for mycotoxin determination, and stresses major methods for the detection of fungal species responsible for mycotoxin production. The principle of function and basic technical background on the available analytical and molecular biology techniques developed—including chromatography, mass spectrometry, immunochemical-based assays, biosensors, and molecular assays—is briefly given, and references for their application to grape and derived product testing are highlighted.
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14
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Sohrabi H, Arbabzadeh O, Khaaki P, Khataee A, Majidi MR, Orooji Y. Patulin and Trichothecene: characteristics, occurrence, toxic effects and detection capabilities via clinical, analytical and nanostructured electrochemical sensing/biosensing assays in foodstuffs. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5540-5568. [PMID: 33624529 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1887077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patulin and Trichothecene as the main groups of mycotoxins in significant quantities can cause health risks from allergic reactions to death on both humans and animals. Accordingly, rapid and highly sensitive determination of these toxics agents is of great importance. This review starts with a comprehensive outlook regarding the characteristics, occurrence and toxic effects of Patulin and Trichothecene. In the following, numerous clinical and analytical approaches have been extensively discussed. The main emphasis of this review is placed on the utilization of novel nanomaterial based electrochemical sensing/biosensing tools for highly sensitive determination of Patulin and Trichothecene. Furthermore, a detailed and comprehensive comparison has been performed between clinical, analytical and sensing methods. Subsequently, the nanomaterial based electrochemical sensing platforms have been approved as reliable tools for on-site analysis of Patulin and Trichothecene in food processing and manufacturing industries. Different nanomaterials in improving the performance of detecting assays were investigated and have various benefits toward clinical and analytical methods. This paper would address the limitations in the current developments as well as the future challenges involved in the successful construction of sensing approaches with the functionalized nanomaterials and also allow exploring into core-research works regarding this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hessamaddin Sohrabi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Omid Arbabzadeh
- Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pegah Khaaki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.,Рeoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mir Reza Majidi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yasin Orooji
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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15
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Pernica M, Martiník J, Boško R, Zušťáková V, Benešová K, Běláková S. Determination of patulin and hydroxymethylfurfural in beverages by UPLC-PDA. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2021. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2020.2587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes using molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) technology for determination of patulin (PAT) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) in beverages by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array (UPLC-PDA). PAT (4-hydroxy-4H-furo[3,2-c]pyran-2(6H)-one) is a mycotoxin produced by Penicillium fungi and Penicillium expansum is probably the most commonly encountered species that infects apples during their growth, harvest, storage or processing. The occurrence of PAT as a natural contaminant of apples is a worldwide problem. 5-HMF (also known as 5-(hydroxymethyl) furan-2-carbaldehyde), is formed in the Maillard reaction as well as during caramelisation. It is a good storage time-temperature marker and flavour indicator, especially in beverages such as wine, beer, but also cider and apple juice which may contain PAT. PAT and 5-HMF were separated within 2 min using a Luna Omega C18 column and the PDA detector wavelength was set to 276 nm. The validation parameters of the analytical method such as linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy and precision were tested. The calibration curves were linear at least in the range 50-1000 ng/ml with a good linearity (R2>0.999) for both analytes, the limit of detection and the limit of quantification for PAT and 5-HMF were in the range 4.9-6.6 and 16.1-21.8 μg/l, respectively. The recoveries of the selected analyte were in the range 61.9-109.0% with a precision of <8.2% (relative standard deviation (RSD)) for PAT and in the range 50.8-98.0% with a precision of <10.0% (RSD) for 5-HMF. The validated procedure was successfully applied for the analysis of PAT and 5-HMF in beverages from retail shops.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Pernica
- Research Institute of Brewing and Malting. Malting Institute, Mostecká 7, 614 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - J. Martiník
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - R. Boško
- Research Institute of Brewing and Malting. Malting Institute, Mostecká 7, 614 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Crop Science, Breeding and Plant Medicine, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - V. Zušťáková
- Research Institute of Brewing and Malting. Brewing Institute, Lípová 15, 120 00 Praha 2, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - K. Benešová
- Research Institute of Brewing and Malting. Malting Institute, Mostecká 7, 614 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - S. Běláková
- Research Institute of Brewing and Malting. Malting Institute, Mostecká 7, 614 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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16
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Control of Penicillium glabrum by Indigenous Antagonistic Yeast from Vineyards. Foods 2020; 9:foods9121864. [PMID: 33327475 PMCID: PMC7764915 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocontrol is one of the most promising alternatives to synthetic fungicides for food preservation. Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata, and Aspergillus section Nigri are the most concerning pathogens for grape development. However, frequently, other species, such as Penicillium glabrum in this study, are predominant in spoiled bunches. In this work, 54 native yeasts from vineyards were screened by direct confrontation in potato dextrose agar plates as antagonists against P. glabrum. Isolates of Pichia terricola, Aureobasidium pullulans, and Zygoascus meyerae were selected for their antagonist activity in vitro, plus isolates of Pichia kudriavzevii, Hormonema viticola, and Hanseniaspora uvarum were used as negative controls. However, in vivo, confrontations in wounded grapes showed disagreement with direct confrontation in vitro. P. terricola, P. kudriavzevii, H. viticola, Z. meyerae, and H. uvarum significantly reduced the incidence of P. glabrum on grapes. Nevertheless, P. terricola, H. viticola, and H. uvarum themselves spoiled the wounded grapes. Inhibitions were associated with different mechanisms such as the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), lytic enzymes, biofilm formation, and competition for nutrients. The isolates of P. kudriavzevii L18 (a producer of antifungal VOCs which completely inhibited the incidence of P. glabrum) and Z. meyerae L29 (with pectinase, chitinase and β-glucanase activity and biofilm formation which reduced 70% of the incidence of P. glabrum) are proposed as suitable biocontrol agents against P. glabrum.
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Hussain S, Asi MR, Iqbal M, Akhtar M, Imran M, Ariño A. Surveillance of Patulin in Apple, Grapes, Juices and Value-Added Products for Sale in Pakistan. Foods 2020; 9:E1744. [PMID: 33255986 PMCID: PMC7761417 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The prime objective of the current study was to investigate the occurrence of mycotoxin patulin (PAT) in apples, grapes and their value added products. PAT was determined by a validated method based on HPLC with UV detector. A total of 381 samples comprising apple and grape fruits (n = 133 each), apple-based products (n = 76, juice, puree, jam) and grape juice (n = 39) were analyzed. PAT was found in 58.9% samples of apple and apple-based products, with a mean of 49.8 µg/kg (maximum 396 µg/kg), while 27.3% samples contained PAT beyond the maximum regulatory limit of 50 µg/kg. The average levels of PAT contamination in apple-derived products was higher in apple juice concentrate, followed by apple puree, apple juice and apple jam. The incidence of PAT in table grapes was 65.1%, with a mean of 53.9 µg/kg (maximum 505 µg/kg), whereas 23.8% exceeded the maximum level. Among the fruit samples, there were differences in PAT contents due to apple variety (6 types) or grape variety (8 types), as well as for sampling location. Our investigations showed the wide PAT occurrence in fruits and derived value-added products affecting consumer product safety, so that the population is chronically exposed to this toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabbir Hussain
- Food Toxicology Laboratory, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College (NIAB-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
- Central Analytical Facility Division (CAFD), Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH), P. O. Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rafique Asi
- Food Toxicology Laboratory, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College (NIAB-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Mazhar Iqbal
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Akhtar
- Soil & Environmental Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College (NIAB-C), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.A.); (M.I.)
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Soil & Environmental Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College (NIAB-C), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.A.); (M.I.)
| | - Agustín Ariño
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Facultad de Veterinaria, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
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18
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Yu L, Qiao N, Zhao J, Zhang H, Tian F, Zhai Q, Chen W. Postharvest control of Penicillium expansum in fruits: A review. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Atapattu SN, Poole CF. Recent advances in analytical methods for the determination of citrinin in food matrices. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1627:461399. [PMID: 32823104 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Citrinin is a toxic small organic molecule produced as a secondary metabolite by fungi types Penicillium, Monascus and Aspergillus and is known to contaminate various food commodities during postharvest stages of food production. During the last 10 years, most reported methods for citrinin analysis employed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays or high-performance liquid chromatography. Over this same time period, liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and QuEChERS were the most cited sample preparation and clean-up methods. In this review the advantages and disadvantages of the various sample preparation, separation and detection methods for citrinin analysis over the last decade are evaluated. Furthermore, current trends, emerging technologies and the future prospects of these methods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colin F Poole
- Department of chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States.
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20
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Otero C, Arredondo C, Echeverría-Vega A, Gordillo-Fuenzalida F. Penicillium spp. mycotoxins found in food and feed and their health effects. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2020. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2019.2556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi. These compounds have different structures and target different organs, acting at different steps of biological processes inside the cell. Around 32 mycotoxins have been identified in fungal Penicillium spp. isolated from food and feed. Some of these species are important pathogens which contaminate food, such as maize, cereals, soybeans, sorghum, peanuts, among others. These microorganisms can be present in different steps of the food production process, such as plant growth, harvest, drying, elaboration, transport, and packaging. Although some Penicillium spp. are pathogens, some of them are used in elaboration of processed foods, such as cheese and sausages. This review summarises the Penicillium spp. mycotoxin toxicity, focusing mainly on the subgenus Penicillium, frequently found in food and feed. Toxicity is reviewed both in animal models and cultured cells. Finally, some aspects of their regulations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Otero
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 252, Santiago, Chile
| | - C. Arredondo
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICB), Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 330, Santiago, Chile
| | - A. Echeverría-Vega
- Centro de Investigación en Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - F. Gordillo-Fuenzalida
- Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales (CENBIO), Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Avda. San Miguel 3605, Talca, Chile
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21
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Alghuthaymi MA, Abd-Elsalam KA, Shami A, Said-Galive E, Shtykova EV, Naumkin AV. Silver/Chitosan Nanocomposites: Preparation and Characterization and Their Fungicidal Activity against Dairy Cattle Toxicosis Penicillium expansum. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6020051. [PMID: 32325907 PMCID: PMC7345578 DOI: 10.3390/jof6020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to evaluate the fungicide activity of chitosan-silver nanocomposites (Ag-Chit-NCs) against Penicillium expansum from feed samples. The physicochemical properties of nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The morphological integrity of the nanohybrid was confirmed by electron transmission. By the data of RFA (X-ray fluorescent analysis), the contents of Ag in Ag-chitosan composite were 5.9 w/w%. The size distribution of the Ag nanoparticles incorporated in the chitosan matrix was investigated by SAXS. The main part of the size heterogeneity distribution in the chitosan matrix corresponds to the portion of small particles (3-4 nm). TEM analysis revealed a spherical morphology in the form of non-agglomerated caps, and 72% of the nanoparticles measured up to 4 nm. The minimum inhibitory concentration of NCs was evaluated in petri dishes. Three different concentrations were tested for antifungal activity against the mycotoxigenic P. expansum strain. Changes in the mycelium structure of P. expansum fungi by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were observed to obtain information about the mode of action of Ag-Chit-NCs. It was shown that NC-Chit-NCs with sizes in the range from 4 to 10 nm have internalized sizes in cells, form agglomerates in the cytoplasm, and bind to cell organelles. Besides, their ability to influence protein and DNA fragmentation was examined in P. expansum. SDS-PAGE explains the apparent cellular protein response to the presence of various Ag-Chit-NCs. The intensity of P. expansum hyphal cell protein lines treated with Ag-Chit-NCs was very thin, indicating that high molecular weight proteins are largely prevented from entering the electrophoretic gel, which reflects cellular protein modification and possible damage caused by the binding of several protein fragments to Ag-Chit-NCs. The current results indicate that Ag-Chit-NCs <10 nm in size have significant antifungal activity against P. expansum, the causative agent of blue mold-contaminated dairy cattle feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa A. Alghuthaymi
- Biology Department, Science and Humanities College, Shaqra University, Alquwayiyah 11726, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam
- Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt
- Correspondence: (K.A.A.-E.); (A.S.); Tel.: +20-10-910-49161 (K.A.A.-E.); +966-11-823-3175 (A.S.)
| | - Ashwag Shami
- Biology Department, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11617, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (K.A.A.-E.); (A.S.); Tel.: +20-10-910-49161 (K.A.A.-E.); +966-11-823-3175 (A.S.)
| | - Ernest Said-Galive
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement compounds (INEOS) of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.-G.); (A.V.N.)
| | - Eleonora V. Shtykova
- V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander V. Naumkin
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement compounds (INEOS) of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.-G.); (A.V.N.)
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22
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Shen Y, Nie J, Kuang L, Zhang J, Li H. DNA sequencing, genomes and genetic markers of microbes on fruits and vegetables. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 14:323-362. [PMID: 32207561 PMCID: PMC7936329 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of DNA sequencing technology has provided an effective method for studying foodborne and phytopathogenic microorganisms on fruits and vegetables (F & V). DNA sequencing has successfully proceeded through three generations, including the tens of operating platforms. These advances have significantly promoted microbial whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) and DNA polymorphism research. Based on genomic and regional polymorphisms, genetic markers have been widely obtained. These molecular markers are used as targets for PCR or chip analyses to detect microbes at the genetic level. Furthermore, metagenomic analyses conducted by sequencing the hypervariable regions of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) have revealed comprehensive microbial communities in various studies on F & V. This review highlights the basic principles of three generations of DNA sequencing, and summarizes the WGS studies of and available DNA markers for major bacterial foodborne pathogens and phytopathogenic fungi found on F & V. In addition, rDNA sequencing‐based bacterial and fungal metagenomics are summarized under three topics. These findings deepen the understanding of DNA sequencing and its application in studies of foodborne and phytopathogenic microbes and shed light on strategies for the monitoring of F & V microbes and quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youming Shen
- Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Quality Inspection and Test Center for Fruit and Nursery Stocks (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xingcheng, 125100, China
| | - Jiyun Nie
- Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Quality Inspection and Test Center for Fruit and Nursery Stocks (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xingcheng, 125100, China.,College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Lixue Kuang
- Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Quality Inspection and Test Center for Fruit and Nursery Stocks (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xingcheng, 125100, China
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Quality Inspection and Test Center for Fruit and Nursery Stocks (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xingcheng, 125100, China
| | - Haifei Li
- Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Quality Inspection and Test Center for Fruit and Nursery Stocks (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xingcheng, 125100, China
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23
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Chen E, Xu Y, Ma B, Cui H, Sun C, Zhang M. Carboxyl-Functionalized, Europium Nanoparticle-Based Fluorescent Immunochromatographic Assay for Sensitive Detection of Citrinin in Monascus Fermented Food. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11100605. [PMID: 31627364 PMCID: PMC6832703 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11100605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A fluorescent immunochromatographic test strip (FICTS) based on the use of europium nanoparticles (EuNPs) was developed and applied to detect citrinin (CIT) in Monascus fermented food. The sensitivity of the immunoassay to detect CIT was greatly improved by the use of a specific monoclonal antibody to attach EuNPs to form a probe. Under optimum conditions, the visual detection limit was 2.5 ng/mL, and the detection limit of the instrument was 0.05 ng/mL. According to the results, the IC50 was 0.4 ng/mL. Matrix interference from various Monascus fermented foods was investigated in food sample detection. The immunosensor also demonstrated high recoveries (86.8-113.0%) and low relative standard deviations (RSDs) (1.8-15.3%) when testing spiked Monascus fermented food. The detection results of this method showed a good correlation (R2 > 0.98) with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the FICTS method could be used as a rapid, sensitive method to detect CIT in Monascus fermented food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erjing Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Ying Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Biao Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Haifeng Cui
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Chuanxin Sun
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Science (SLU), P.O. Box 7080, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Mingzhou Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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25
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Saleh I, Goktepe I. The characteristics, occurrence, and toxicological effects of patulin. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 129:301-311. [PMID: 31029720 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are the secondary metabolites secreted by different types of fungi to which humans can get exposed mainly via ingestion. Patulin (C7H6O4) is a polyketide lactone produced by various fungal specifies, including Penicillium expansum as the main producer. P. expansum can infect different fruits and vegetables yet it has preference to apples in which they cause blue rot. Therefore, apples and apple-based food products are the main source of Patulin exposure for humans. Patulin was first identified in 1943 under the name of tercinin as a possible antimicrobial agent. Although it is categorized as a non-carcinogen, Patulin has been linked, in the last decades, to neurological, gastrointestinal, and immunological adverse effects, mainly causing liver and kidney damages. In this review, the characteristics of and possible human exposure pathways to Patulin are discussed. Various surveillance and toxicity studies on the levels of Patulin in various food products and effects of Patulin on cells and animal models have been documented as well. Importance of epidemiological studies and a summary of the possible toxicity mechanisms are highlighted with a case study. The commonly used control methods as described in the literature are also discussed to guide future researchers to focus on mitigating mycotoxins contamination in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Saleh
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Art and Science, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Ipek Goktepe
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Art and Science, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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Huang Q, Zhao Z, Nie D, Jiang K, Guo W, Fan K, Zhang Z, Meng J, Wu Y, Han Z. Molecularly Imprinted Poly(thionine)-Based Electrochemical Sensing Platform for Fast and Selective Ultratrace Determination of Patulin. Anal Chem 2019; 91:4116-4123. [PMID: 30793880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An innovative approach based on a surface functional monomer-directing strategy for the construction of a sensitive and selective molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for patulin recognition is described. A patulin imprinted platinum nanoparticle (PtNP)-coated poly(thionine) film was grown on a preformed thionine tailed surface of PtNP-nitrogen-doped graphene (NGE) by electropolymerization, which provided high capacity and fast kinetics to uptake patulin molecules. Thionine acted not only as a functional monomer for molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), but also as a signal indicator. Enhanced sensitivity was obtained by combining the excellent electric conductivity of PtNPs, NGE, and thionine with multisignal amplification. The designed sensor displayed excellent performance for patulin detection over the range of 0.002-2 ng mL-1 (R2 = 0.995) with a detection limit of 0.001 ng mL-1 for patulin. In addition, the resulting sensor showed good stability and high repeatability and selectivity. Furthermore, the feasibility of its applications has also been demonstrated in the analysis of real samples, providing novel tactics for the rational design of MIP-based electrochemical sensors to detect a growing number of deleterious substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Huang
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture , Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 1000 Jingqi Road , Shanghai 201403 , P. R. China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , P. R. China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture , Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 1000 Jingqi Road , Shanghai 201403 , P. R. China
| | - Dongxia Nie
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture , Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 1000 Jingqi Road , Shanghai 201403 , P. R. China
| | - Keqiu Jiang
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture , Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 1000 Jingqi Road , Shanghai 201403 , P. R. China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Guo
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture , Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 1000 Jingqi Road , Shanghai 201403 , P. R. China
| | - Kai Fan
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture , Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 1000 Jingqi Road , Shanghai 201403 , P. R. China
| | - Zhiqi Zhang
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture , Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 1000 Jingqi Road , Shanghai 201403 , P. R. China
| | - Jiajia Meng
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture , Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 1000 Jingqi Road , Shanghai 201403 , P. R. China
| | - Yongjiang Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , P. R. China
| | - Zheng Han
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture , Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 1000 Jingqi Road , Shanghai 201403 , P. R. China
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