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Liu Z, Wang G, Sheng C, Zheng Y, Tang D, Zhang Y, Hou X, Yao M, Zong Q, Zhou Z. Intracellular Protein Adsorption Behavior and Biological Effects of Polystyrene Nanoplastics in THP-1 Cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:2652-2661. [PMID: 38294362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Micro(nano)plastics (MNPs) are emerging pollutants that can adsorb pollutants in the environment and biological molecules and ultimately affect human health. However, the aspects of adsorption of intracellular proteins onto MNPs and its biological effects in cells have not been investigated to date. The present study revealed that 100 nm polystyrene nanoplastics (NPs) could be internalized by THP-1 cells and specifically adsorbed intracellular proteins. In total, 773 proteins adsorbed onto NPs with high reliability were identified using the proteomics approach and analyzed via bioinformatics to predict the route and distribution of NPs following cellular internalization. The representative proteins identified via the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis were further investigated to characterize protein adsorption onto NPs and its biological effects. The analysis revealed that NPs affect glycolysis through pyruvate kinase M (PKM) adsorption, trigger the unfolded protein response through the adsorption of ribophorin 1 (RPN1) and heat shock 70 protein 8 (HSPA8), and are chiefly internalized into cells through clathrin-mediated endocytosis with concomitant clathrin heavy chain (CLTC) adsorption. Therefore, this work provides new insights and research strategies for the study of the biological effects caused by NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijia Liu
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Guozhen Wang
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
- Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Chao Sheng
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yuchen Zheng
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Duo Tang
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiaonan Hou
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Mengfei Yao
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Qi Zong
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhou
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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Kumar M, Mazumder P, Silori R, Manna S, Panday DP, Das N, Sethy SK, Kuroda K, Mahapatra DM, Mahlknecht J, Tyagi VK, Singh R, Zang J, Barceló D. Prevalence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products, microplastics and co-infecting microbes in the post-COVID-19 era and its implications on antimicrobial resistance and potential endocrine disruptive effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166419. [PMID: 37625721 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic's steady condition coupled with predominance of emerging contaminants in the environment and its synergistic implications in recent times has stoked interest in combating medical emergencies in this dynamic environment. In this context, high concentrations of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), microplastics (MPs), antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and soaring coinfecting microbes, tied with potential endocrine disruptive (ED) are critical environmental concerns that requires a detailed documentation and analysis. During the pandemic, the identification, enumeration, and assessment of potential hazards of PPCPs and MPs and (used as anti-COVID-19 agents/applications) in aquatic habitats have been attempted globally. Albeit receding threats in the magnitude of COVID-19 infections, both these pollutants have still posed serious consequences to aquatic ecosystems and the very health and hygiene of the population in the vicinity. The surge in the contaminants post-COVID also renders them to be potent vectors to harbor and amplify AMR. Pertinently, the present work attempts to critically review such instances to understand the underlying mechanism, interactions swaying the current health of our environment during this post-COVID-19 era. During this juncture, although prevention of diseases, patient care, and self-hygiene have taken precedence, nevertheless antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) efforts have been overlooked. Unnecessary usage of PPCPs and plastics during the pandemic has resulted in increased emerging contaminants (i.e., active pharmaceutical ingredients and MPs) in various environmental matrices. It was also noticed that among COVID-19 patients, while the bacterial co-infection prevalence was 0.2-51%, the fungi, viral, protozoan and helminth were 0.3-49, 1-22, 2-15, 0.4-15% respectively, rendering them resistant to residual PPCPs. There are inevitable chances of ED effects from PPCPs and MPs applied previously, that could pose far-reaching health concerns. Furthermore, clinical and other experimental evidence for many newer compounds is very scarce and demands further research. Pro-active measures targeting effective waste management, evolved environmental policies aiding strict regulatory measures, and scientific research would be crucial in minimizing the impact and creating better preparedness towards such events among the masses fostering sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India; Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
| | - Payal Mazumder
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Rahul Silori
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Suvendu Manna
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Durga Prasad Panday
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Nilotpal Das
- ENCORE Insoltech Pvt. Ltd, Randesan, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382421, India
| | - Susanta Kumar Sethy
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Keisuke Kuroda
- Department of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu 939 0398, Japan
| | - Durga Madhab Mahapatra
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India; Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Jürgen Mahlknecht
- Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Vinay Kumar Tyagi
- Wastewater Division, National Institute of Hydrology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttranchal, India
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Wastewater Division, National Institute of Hydrology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttranchal, India
| | - Jian Zang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, China
| | - Damià Barceló
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India; Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 1826, Barcelona 08034, Spain
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3
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Chen L, Qi H, Yu K, Gao B. Increased bio-toxicity of leachates from polyvinyl chloride microplastics during the photo-aging process in the presence of dissolved organic matter. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 88:2465-2472. [PMID: 37966195 PMCID: wst_2023_339 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The pollution caused by microplastics (MPs) has gained global attention due to their potential risks to organisms and human health. The process of photo-aging, which plays a crucial role in the transformation of MPs in aquatic environments, has the potential to influence the ecological risk posed by these particles. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a prevalent photosensitizer in surface waters that has been shown to facilitate the transformation of various organic compounds by generating reactive oxygen species under light irradiation. The present study investigated the influence of humic acid (HA), a typical component of DOM, on the photo-aging process of polyvinyl chloride MPs (PVC-MPs), using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, as well as assessing the resulting ecological risk through bioassays. The results revealed that the presence of HA enhanced the photo-aging of PVC-MP. Moreover, the leachate exhibited higher acute and genetic toxicity under light irradiation when compared to dark conditions. Notably, the presence of HA significantly increased the toxicity of the leachate, emphasizing the need to consider the impact of DOM when assessing the ecological risk of MPs in surface waters. These findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the potential risks associated with microplastic pollution in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China E-mail:
| | - Hangyu Qi
- College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ke Yu
- College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Buhong Gao
- Advanced Analysis and Testing Center, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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4
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Battulga B, Atarashi-Andoh M, Matsueda M, Koarashi J. Tracking the behavior and characteristics of microplastics using a multi-analytical approach: a case study in two contrasting coastal areas of Japan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28005-x. [PMID: 37249781 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The global survey for the presence of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic environments has attracted widespread scientific attention over the past decade. However, evaluating the composition and characteristics of these anthropogenic debris using highly sensitive techniques is still under consideration. This study demonstrates a multidimensional analytical approach, including isotopic and thermogravimetric analyses to evaluate characteristics and behavior of MPs in the environment. The MP samples were collected in two contrasting coastal areas of Japan. The stable carbon isotope (δ13C) ratios of field-collected polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) MPs ranged from -25.6‰ to -31.4‰, -23.4‰ to -30.9‰, and -27.3‰ to -28.6‰, respectively. The detected isotope signatures were similar to those of commercial products. In addition, the differences in δ13C signature were determined between MPs with different colors. Through thermal analysis, the single-step endothermic process was observed for environmental PE and PS-MPs. Patterns in the thermograms revealed dissimilarities in degradability among the PE-MPs with different colors. The results reveal that degradation (aging) may play a significant role in the behavior and characteristics of MP debris in the aquatic environment. The present study provides fundamental data of environmental MPs from the isotopic and thermogravimetric aspects and highlights the usefulness of the approach for advances in MP research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batdulam Battulga
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan.
| | - Mariko Atarashi-Andoh
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsueda
- Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Fukushima, 963-7700, Japan
| | - Jun Koarashi
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
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5
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Ren X, Han Y, Zhao H, Zhang Z, Tsui TH, Wang Q. Elucidating the characteristic of leachates released from microplastics under different aging conditions: Perspectives of dissolved organic carbon fingerprints and nano-plastics. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 233:119786. [PMID: 36848850 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous studies that have been devoted to investigating the aging behaviors of microplastics (MPs), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nano-plastics (NPs) released from MPs under different aging conditions were limited. Herein, the characterizations and underlying mechanisms of DOC and NPs leaching from MPs (PVC and PS) in the aquatic environment for 130 days under different aging conditions were investigated. The results showed that aging could reduce the abundance of MPs, and high temperature and UV aging generated small-sized MPs (< 100 μm), especially UV aging. DOC-releasing characteristics were related to MP type and aging condition. Meanwhile, MPs were prone to release protein-like and hydrophilic substances except for 60 °C aging of PS MPs. Additionally, 8.77 × 109-8.87 × 1010 and 4.06 × 109-3.94 × 1010 NPs/L were detected in leachates from PVC and PS MPs-aged treatments, respectively. High temperature and UV promoted the release of NPs, especially UV irradiation. Meanwhile, smaller sizes and rougher NPs were observed in UV-aged treatments, implying higher ecological risks of leachates from MPs under UV aging. This study highlights the leachate released from MPs under different aging conditions comprehensively, which could offset the knowledge gap between the MPs' aging and their potential threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuna Ren
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Ye Han
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Haoran Zhao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - To-Hung Tsui
- NUS Environment Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX13PJ, United Kingdom
| | - Quan Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China.
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6
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Development of fibrous casings based on sugarcane bagasse with natural antioxidant using rosemary and thyme extract in dried sausages. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01782-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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7
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Chen H, Chen H, Nan S, Liu H, Chen L, Yu L. Investigation of Microplastics in Digestion System: Effect on Surface Microstructures and Probiotics. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 109:882-892. [PMID: 35920852 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03571-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There are increasingly attentions on the pollution from microplastics, especially the impact on human health. This work focuses on one hand the effect of digestion system on the surface microstructures of microplastics from the most popular sources such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride. On the other hand, how these microplastic affect probiotics in digestion system was also investigated to evaluate their toxicity on health. All the samples were treated by in vitro simulating digestion consisting of three phases: oral, gastric and intestinal. There were no physical differences observed by both Scanning Electronic Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy, and no significant chemical changes detected by both Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy after digestion treatment. The effect of these microplastics on tested strains were investigated by in vitro culture method and results showed that polystyrene microplastics could inhibit the growth of the Lactobacillus significantly. The results indicated that the digestion system could not decompose microplastics, even on the surfaces, since plastics are inert due to their low chemical reactivity, but the microplastics might lead to imbalance of intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Centre for Polymers From Renewable Resources, School of Food Science and Engineering, SCUT, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Hongmei Chen
- Centre for Polymers From Renewable Resources, School of Food Science and Engineering, SCUT, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shugang Nan
- Centre for Polymers From Renewable Resources, School of Food Science and Engineering, SCUT, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Hongsheng Liu
- Centre for Polymers From Renewable Resources, School of Food Science and Engineering, SCUT, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Centre for Polymers From Renewable Resources, School of Food Science and Engineering, SCUT, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Long Yu
- Centre for Polymers From Renewable Resources, School of Food Science and Engineering, SCUT, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Guangzhou, China.
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8
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Park M, Kuk YS, Kwon OH, Acharya J, Ojha GP, Ko JK, Kong HS, Pant B. Fly Ash-Incorporated Polystyrene Nanofiber Membrane as a Fire-Retardant Material: Valorization of Discarded Materials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12213811. [PMID: 36364587 PMCID: PMC9656177 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Reusing or recycling waste into new useful materials is essential for environmental protection. Herein, we used discarded polystyrene (PS) and fly-ash (FA) particles and a fabricated fly-ash incorporated polystyrene fiber (FA/PS fiber) composite. The electrospinning process produced continuous PS fibers with a good distribution of FA particles. The prepared nanofibers were characterized by state-of-the-art techniques. The performances of the composite nanofibers were tested for fire-retardant applications. We observed that the incorporation of FA particles into the PS fibers led to an improvement in the performance of the composite as compared to the pristine PS fibers. This study showed an important strategy in using waste materials to produce functional nanofibers through an economical procedure. We believe that the strategy presented in this paper can be extended to other waste materials for obtaining nanofiber membranes for various environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Park
- Carbon Composite Energy Nanomaterials Research Center, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Korea
- Woosuk Institute of Smart Convergence Life Care (WSCLC), Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Korea
- Department of Fire Protection and Disaster Prevention, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Korea
| | - Yun-Su Kuk
- Convergence Research Division, Korea Carbon Industry Promotion Agency (KCARBON), Jeonju 54853, Korea
| | - Oh Hoon Kwon
- Research and Development Division, Korea Institute of Convergence Textile, Iksan 54588, Korea
| | - Jiwan Acharya
- Carbon Composite Energy Nanomaterials Research Center, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Korea
- Woosuk Institute of Smart Convergence Life Care (WSCLC), Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Korea
| | - Gunendra Prasad Ojha
- Carbon Composite Energy Nanomaterials Research Center, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Korea
- Woosuk Institute of Smart Convergence Life Care (WSCLC), Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Korea
| | - Jae-Kyoung Ko
- Carbon Composite Energy Nanomaterials Research Center, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Korea
- Woosuk Institute of Smart Convergence Life Care (WSCLC), Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Korea
| | - Ha-Sung Kong
- Department of Fire Protection and Disaster Prevention, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Korea
| | - Bishweshwar Pant
- Carbon Composite Energy Nanomaterials Research Center, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Korea
- Woosuk Institute of Smart Convergence Life Care (WSCLC), Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Korea
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9
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Migration of Styrene in Yogurt and Dairy Products Packaged in Polystyrene: Results from Market Samples. Foods 2022; 11:foods11142120. [PMID: 35885363 PMCID: PMC9323499 DOI: 10.3390/foods11142120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The European Food Safety Authority is re-evaluating styrene for assessing the safety of food contact materials (FCM) such as polystyrene (PS) and started a systematic review of the data on migration levels in food. A restriction for styrene is expected in the near future. The main food contact application of PS is dairy packaging, mainly at refrigerated storage. In this study, seventeen dairy products packed in PS taken from the Italian and German markets were investigated. Styrene concentrations in the refrigerated dairy products (yogurt, cream) ranged from 5 to 30 µg/kg at the best before date, while in single serving portions of coffee creamer, which were stored at room temperature until the best before date of approx. 190 days, 401 µg/kg were measured. Among several parameters, the ratio between the surface contact area of the package and the quantity of the food packed, the time/temperature conditions of production/filling and storage of the products were identified as the main factors influencing styrene migration into food under realistic conditions. Yogurts fermented in the pots for approximately 8 h at 40–50 °C showed higher styrene levels than those fermented in an incubator and filled at 20 °C. The fat content might influence the styrene level but the effect, if any, was too small in relation to the variability of other parameters. Levels of styrene migrating into 50% ethanol food simulant under standardized condition (10 days/40 °C) were found to be much higher than levels in refrigerated foods. This raises the question as to whether compliance testing for PS plastics should be adapted taking into consideration the correlation between migration testing by laboratory simulations and migration into real food.
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10
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Xu Y, Huang D, Liu P, Ouyang Z, Jia H, Guo X. The characteristics of dissolved organic matter release from UV-aged microplastics and its cytotoxicity on human colonic adenocarcinoma cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 826:154177. [PMID: 35231513 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There are a large number of microplastic (MPs) in the sea or on land, most of which undergo physical, chemical or biological processes leading to the release of dissolved organic matter (DOM). In this study, we analyzed the change of Polyurethane microplastic (PU-MPs) valence bond under different aging conditions thanks to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and its surface characteristics using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and also described the characteristics of DOM dissolved from PU (PU-DOM) under UV aging process in two different medium (water and air), based on Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) measurements, UV-visible spectrometer and Three-dimensional excitation emission matrices (3D-EEMs). The DOC data both showed that Under UV aging of different systems, PU-DOM concentration increases with the extension of aging time, and correspondingly, its toxicity to human colon adenocarcinoma cells also increases, but the release amount of PU-DOM under air aging is higher than that of PU-DOM in water. We speculate that it may be the refraction and scattering of water, which leads to the reduction of the intensity of UV radiation. 3D-EEMs identified tryptophan-like fluorescent component and tyrosine-like component, meanwhile, the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) data further confirmed the formation of acid substances. The results further confirmed that the composition of PU-DOM in different systems is the same, but the release amount is different. The contents of the produced conjugated carbonyls and Reactive oxygen species (ROS) because of light irradiation increased likewise. The cytotoxicity of PU-DOM was consistent with the changing trend of ROS level in PU-MPs, suggesting that the produced ROS induced the in vitro toxicities. The results not only highlight the adverse health effects of photoaged PU-MPs, but also provide new perspectives for the environmental risks of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Xu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Daofen Huang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhuozhi Ouyang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hanzhong Jia
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xuetao Guo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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11
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Trossaert L, De Vel M, Cardon L, Edeleva M. Lifting the Sustainability of Modified Pet-Based Multilayer Packaging Material with Enhanced Mechanical Recycling Potential and Processing. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14010196. [PMID: 35012219 PMCID: PMC8747722 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustainability and recyclability are among the main driving forces in the plastics industry, since the pressure on crude oil resources and the environment is increasing. The aim of this research is to develop a sustainable thermoformable multilayer food packaging, based on co-polyesters, which is suitable for hot-fill applications and allows for recycling in a conventional waste stream. As a polymer material for the outer layer, we selected a modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETM), which is an amorphous co-polyester with a high glass transition temperature (±105 °C) and thus high thermal stability and transparency. The inner layer consists of 1,4-cyclohexylene dimethanol-modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETg), which is allowed to be recycled in a PET stream. Multilayers with a total thickness of 1 mm and a layer thickness distribution of 10/80/10 have been produced. To test the recyclability, sheets which contained 20% and 50% regrind of the initial multilayer in their middle PETg layer have been produced as well. The sheet produced from virgin pellets and the one containing 20% regrind in the middle layer showed no visible haze. This was not the case for the one containing 50% regrind in the middle layer, which was confirmed by haze measurements. The hot-fill test results showed no shrinkage or warpage for the multilayer trays for all temperatures applied, namely 95, 85, 75 and 65 °C. This is a remarkable improvement compared to pure PETg trays, which show a visible deformation after exposure to hot-fill conditions of 95 °C and 85 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Trossaert
- Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies (CPMT), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark, 130, Zwijnaarde 9052, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (L.T.); (L.C.)
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark, 125, Zwijnaarde 9052, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthias De Vel
- Eastman Chemical Company, Technologiepark 21-Zone B2, Zwijnaarde 9052, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Ludwig Cardon
- Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies (CPMT), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark, 130, Zwijnaarde 9052, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (L.T.); (L.C.)
| | - Mariya Edeleva
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark, 125, Zwijnaarde 9052, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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12
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Perera KY, Jaiswal S, Jaiswal AK. A review on nanomaterials and nanohybrids based bio-nanocomposites for food packaging. Food Chem 2021; 376:131912. [PMID: 34971895 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
With an increasing demand for a novel, eco-friendly, high-performance packaging material "bio-nanocomposites" has attracted great attention in recent years. The review article aims at to evaluating recent innovation in bio-nanocomposites for food packaging applications. The current trends and research over the last three years of the various bio-nanocomposites including inorganic, organic nanomaterials, and nanohybrids, which are suitable as food packaging materials due to their advanced properties such as high mechanical, thermal, barrier, antimicrobial, and antioxidant are described in detail. In addition, the legislation, migration studies, and SWOT analysis on bio-nanocomposite film have been discussed. It has been observed that the multifunctional properties of the bio-nanocomposite materials, has the potential to improve the quality and safety of the food together with no /or fewer negative impact on the environment. However, more studies need to be performed on bio-nanocomposite materials to determine the migration levels and formulate relevant legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpani Y Perera
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Faculty of Science, Technological University Dublin - City Campus, Central Quad, Grangegorman, Dublin D07 ADY7, Ireland; Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute (ESHI), Technological University Dublin - City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin D07 H6K8, Ireland.
| | - Swarna Jaiswal
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Faculty of Science, Technological University Dublin - City Campus, Central Quad, Grangegorman, Dublin D07 ADY7, Ireland; Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute (ESHI), Technological University Dublin - City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin D07 H6K8, Ireland.
| | - Amit K Jaiswal
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Faculty of Science, Technological University Dublin - City Campus, Central Quad, Grangegorman, Dublin D07 ADY7, Ireland; Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute (ESHI), Technological University Dublin - City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin D07 H6K8, Ireland.
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13
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Fakhri LA, Ghanbarzadeh B, Dehghannya J, Dadashi S. Central composite design based statistical modeling for optimization of barrier and thermal properties of polystyrene based nanocomposite sheet for packaging application. Food Packag Shelf Life 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2021.100725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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Fakhri LA, Ghanbarzadeh B, Dehghannya J, Hosseini M, Dadashi S. Photo-catalytic and biotic degradation of polystyrene packaging film: Effect of zinc oxide photocatalyst nanoparticles and nanoclay. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:130972. [PMID: 34467948 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Synergistic effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) as photocatalyst and organonanoclay (ONC) as biodegradable promoter on the degradation of polystyrene (PS) film was investigated. The films were exposed to ultraviolet irradiation under ambient air at room temperature for photo-catalytic degradation and then submitted to biodegradation test in soil using respirometric procedure. Fourier-transform infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, colorimeter technique, contact angle measurement, and the carbon dioxide evolution results showed higher photo- and biodegradation efficiency of PS-ONC-ZnO nanocomposite compared to the neat PS, PS-ONC and PS-ZnO nanocomposites. Thermal stability, optical band gap, and water contact angle of photo-degraded PS-ONC-ZnO nanocomposite decreased by 11.37, 18.33 and 63.99%, respectively, while that of PS film was only 6.20, 6.44 and 5.84%, respectively. The photo-degraded PS-ONC-ZnO and PS-ZnO film indicated a biodegradation percentage value of 3.3 and 2.1%, respectively, over 16 weeks of incubation in soil. The possible degradation mechanism of nanocomposites was briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Abolghasemi Fakhri
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, P. O. Box 51666-16471, Iran
| | - Babak Ghanbarzadeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, P. O. Box 51666-16471, Iran; Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Near East University, P. O. Box 99138, Nicosia, Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey.
| | - Jalal Dehghannya
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, P. O. Box 51666-16471, Iran
| | - Mohammadyar Hosseini
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilam, Iran
| | - Saeed Dadashi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, P. O. Box 51666-16471, Iran
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15
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Employing Nanosilver, Nanocopper, and Nanoclays in Food Packaging Production: A Systematic Review. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11050509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been an increasing demand for “ready-to-cook” and “ready-to-eat” foods, encouraging food producers, food suppliers, and food scientists to package foods with minimal processing and loss of nutrients during food processing. Following the increasing trend in the customer’s demands for minimally processed foodstuffs, this underscores the importance of promising interests toward industrial applications of novel and practical approaches in food. Along with substantial progress in the emergence of “nanoscience”, which has turned into the call of the century, the efficacy of conventional packaging has faded away. Accordingly, there is a wide range of new types of packaging, including electronic packaging machines, flexible packaging, sterile packaging, metal containers, aluminum foil, and flexographic printing. Hence, it has been demonstrated that these novel approaches can economically improve food safety and quality, decrease the microbial load of foodborne pathogens, and reduce food spoilage. This review study provides a comprehensive overview of the most common chemical or natural nanocomposites used in food packaging that can extend food shelf life, safety and quality. Finally, we discuss applying materials in the production of active and intelligent food packaging nanocomposite, synthesis of nanomaterial, and their effects on human health.
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16
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Glenn G, Shogren R, Jin X, Orts W, Hart-Cooper W, Olson L. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and their alternatives in paper food packaging. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:2596-2625. [PMID: 33682364 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been used in food contact paper and paperboard for decades due to their unique ability to provide both moisture and oil/grease resistance. Once thought to be innocuous, it is now clear that long chain PFAS bioaccumulate and are linked to reproductive and developmental abnormalities, suppressed immune response, and tumor formation. Second-generation PFAS have shorter biological half-lives but concerns about health risks from chronic exposure underscore the need for safe substitutes. Waxes and polymer film laminates of polyethylene, poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol), and polyethylene terephthalate are commonly used alternatives. However, such laminates are neither compostable nor recyclable. Lamination with biodegradable polymers, including polyesters, such as polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate, polybutylene succinate, and polyhydroxyalkanoates, are of growing research and commercial interest. PLA films are perhaps the most viable alternative, but performance and compostability are suboptimal. Surface sizings and coatings of starches, chitosan, alginates, micro- and nanofibrilated cellulose, and gelatins provide adequate oil barrier properties but have poor moisture resistance without chemical modification. Plant proteins, including soy, wheat gluten, and corn zein, have been tested as paper coatings with soy being the most commercially important. Internal sizing agents, such as alkyl ketene dimers, alkenyl succinic anhydride, and rosin, improve moisture resistance but are poor oil/grease barriers. The difficulty in finding a viable replacement for PFAS chemicals that is cost-effective, fully biodegradable, and environmentally sound underscores the need for more research to improve barrier properties and process economics in food packaging products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Glenn
- Bioproduct Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA
| | | | - Xing Jin
- World Centric, Rohnert Park, California, USA
| | - William Orts
- Bioproduct Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA
| | - William Hart-Cooper
- Bioproduct Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA
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17
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Lee YK, Murphy KR, Hur J. Fluorescence Signatures of Dissolved Organic Matter Leached from Microplastics: Polymers and Additives. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:11905-11914. [PMID: 32852946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the numerous studies that have investigated the occurrence and fate of plastic particles in the environment, only a limited effort has been devoted toward exploring the characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) leached from microplastics. In this study, using excitation emission matrix-parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC), we explored the fluorescence signatures of plastic-derived DOM from commonly used plastic materials, which included two polymers (polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polystyrene (PS)), two additives (diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and bisphenol A (BPA)), and two commercial plastics. The exposure of the selected plastics to UV light facilitated the leaching of DOM measured in terms of dissolved organic carbon and fluorescence intensity. Four fluorescent components were identified, which included three protein/phenol-like components (C1, C3, and C4) and one humic-like component (C2). The C1 and C4 components were highly correlated with the amounts of DOM leached from DEHP and BPA, respectively, under both leaching conditions, while both C2 and C4 presented good correlations with the DOM leached from polymers under UV light. The C4 may serve as a good fluorescence proxy for DOM leached from BPA or BPA-containing plastics. This study highlights the overlooked issue of plastic-derived DOM leaching into the aquatic environment through optical characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Kyung Lee
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Kathleen R Murphy
- Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, South Korea
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18
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Peñalver R, Arroyo-Manzanares N, Campillo N, Viñas P. Targeted and untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of honey samples for determination of migrants from plastic packages. Food Chem 2020; 334:127547. [PMID: 32693334 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Plastic food packages usually contain additives which may migrate from the package into the food and then be ingested by the consumer, representing a risk for their health. In this study, targeted and untargeted analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is proposed to monitor any contaminants of this type in honey. The application of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) as a preconcentration technique allowed very low detection limits to be reached for all the substances. Fifteen target compounds, including styrene, phthalates, fatty acids, alkylphenols and bisphenol A, were quantified. Untargeted analyses were also carried out, allowing other migrants in the honey samples to be identified, such as two phthalates, four acids, three esters, one aldehyde, one hydrocarbon and two alkyl phenol compounds. The proposed method was seen to be a useful approach for the quantification and identification of potential migrants from plastics in challenging samples such as honey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Peñalver
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Natalia Arroyo-Manzanares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Natalia Campillo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pilar Viñas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
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19
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López de Dicastillo C, Velásquez E, Rojas A, Guarda A, Galotto MJ. The use of nanoadditives within recycled polymers for food packaging: Properties, recyclability, and safety. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1760-1776. [PMID: 33337105 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is considered a highly valued technology to reduce the current environmental problem that is derived from plastic accumulation. The need to recycle and reuse packaging materials is essential to create a sustainable society towards a circular economy. However, the reprocessing of polymers leads to the deterioration of their characteristic mechanical, optical, thermal, and barrier properties due to the degradation of their polymeric chains. When recycled polymers are reinforced with nanoadditives, aforementioned properties improve and their use in the circular economy is more viable. In this review, different types of nanoadditives and recent advances in the development of recycled polymer nanocomposites reinforced with nanoadditives will be presented. In addition, there is a description of two research topics of current interest, recyclability of nanocomposites and safety for food packaging applications. Recyclability of nanocomposites requires a study that includes the nature of the polymer matrix, the type of polymer and the concentration of nanofiller, the morphology, the presence of additives, and the conditions of the thermal-mechanical cycles. Finally, safety section is dedicated to clarify the migration process in nanoreinforced-recycled polymers in order to assess their safety for food contact applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol López de Dicastillo
- Center of Innovation in Packaging (LABEN), Technology Faculty. CEDENNA (Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology), University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Eliezer Velásquez
- Center of Innovation in Packaging (LABEN), Technology Faculty. CEDENNA (Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology), University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Adrián Rojas
- Center of Innovation in Packaging (LABEN), Technology Faculty. CEDENNA (Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology), University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Abel Guarda
- Center of Innovation in Packaging (LABEN), Technology Faculty. CEDENNA (Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology), University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - María José Galotto
- Center of Innovation in Packaging (LABEN), Technology Faculty. CEDENNA (Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology), University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
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20
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Wu C, Luo Y, Liu L, Xie Y, Cao Y. Toxicity of combined exposure of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) and myricetin to Caco-2 cells: changes of NP colloidal aspects, NP internalization and the apoptosis-endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:613-620. [PMID: 31588339 PMCID: PMC6762008 DOI: 10.1039/c9tx00127a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals as typical food components may significantly influence the toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) in intestinal cells, indicating a need to evaluate the toxicological effects of NPs in a complex situation. Previous studies suggested that the anti-oxidative properties of phytochemicals were important to elicit cytoprotective effects against NP exposure. However, we recently found that the changes of signaling pathways may be more important for cytoprotective effects of phytochemicals. In this study, we investigated the influence of myricetin (MY) on the cytotoxicity of ZnO NPs in Caco-2 cells and the possible mechanism. MY at 50 μM showed minimal impact on the solubility and colloidal aspects of ZnO NPs, but protected Caco-2 cells from NP exposure as it increased the EC50 value. For comparison, dihydromyricetin (DMY; chemical analog of MY) increased the EC50 value to a much lesser extent. Exposure to ZnO NPs significantly induced intracellular Zn ions, whereas MY or DMY did not significantly influence the internalization of NPs. However, ZnO NPs significantly promoted the ratio of caspase-3/pro-caspase-3, which was inhibited by the presence of MY. Exposure to ZnO NPs did not significantly promote the biomarkers of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, but co-exposure to ZnO NPs and MY significantly lowered the levels of a panel of ER stress biomarkers. In conclusion, these results suggested that MY could protect Caco-2 cells from ZnO NP exposure, which may not be related to the changes of colloidal stability or internalization of NPs but could be alternatively related to the reduction of ER stress leading to lower cleaved caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry Education , Laboratory of Biochemistry , College of Chemistry , Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105 , P.R. China .
| | - Yunfeng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry Education , Laboratory of Biochemistry , College of Chemistry , Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105 , P.R. China .
| | - Liangliang Liu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Changsha 410205 , P.R. China .
| | - Yixi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry Education , Laboratory of Biochemistry , College of Chemistry , Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105 , P.R. China .
| | - Yi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry Education , Laboratory of Biochemistry , College of Chemistry , Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105 , P.R. China .
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