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El Hawari K, El Khatib M, Zeineh M, Beh D, Jaber F, Mokh S. Contaminant and residue profiles in Lebanese food: a comparative analysis with global standards. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2024; 41:1077-1098. [PMID: 39038014 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2024.2374358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Lebanon's agricultural sector, known for its diverse crop and livestock production, faces challenges in the international market due to the presence of chemical residues and contaminants in its food exports. Recent rejections of these exports have raised global concerns about food safety, increasingly seen as vital for public health and economic prosperity. This review focuses on examining scientific studies about the levels of various chemical residues including pesticides, and veterinary drugs and contaminants like mycotoxins, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heavy metals in Lebanese food products. Findings indicate that these residues and contaminants often exceed both the maximum residue limits (MRLs) and maximum limits (MLs) set by the Codex Alimentarius and the European Union. The review concludes with recommendations for reducing these contaminants and residues to enhance Lebanon's food safety and quality, aligning with international standards, and mitigating the risk of export rejections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled El Hawari
- Laboratory for Analysis of Organic Compounds (LAOC), CNRSL, Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission (LAEC), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohammad El Khatib
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Department of Biosciences, Agro-Food and Environmental Technologies, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Mariam Zeineh
- Faculty of Public Health- I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Daniel Beh
- Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Farouk Jaber
- Laboratory for Analysis of Organic Compounds (LAOC), CNRSL, Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission (LAEC), Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Samia Mokh
- Laboratory for Analysis of Organic Compounds (LAOC), CNRSL, Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission (LAEC), Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health- I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
- Department of Biochemistry and Plant Immunology, University of Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
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2
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Colopi A, Guida E, Cacciotti S, Fuda S, Lampitto M, Onorato A, Zucchi A, Balistreri CR, Grimaldi P, Barchi M. Dietary Exposure to Pesticide and Veterinary Drug Residues and Their Effects on Human Fertility and Embryo Development: A Global Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9116. [PMID: 39201802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug residues that contaminate food and water represent a serious concern for human health. The major concerns regard the possible irrational use of these contaminants, since this might increase the amplitude of exposure. Multiple sources contribute to the overall exposure to contaminants, including agriculture, domestic use, personal, public and veterinary healthcare, increasing the possible origin of contamination. In this review, we focus on crop pesticides and veterinary drug residues because of their extensive use in modern agriculture and farming, which ensures food production and security for the ever-growing population around the world. We discuss crop pesticides and veterinary drug residues with respect to their worldwide distribution and impacts, with special attention on their harmful effects on human reproduction and embryo development, as well as their link to epigenetic alterations, leading to intergenerational and transgenerational diseases. Among the contaminants, the most commonly implicated in causing such disorders are organophosphates, glyphosate and antibiotics, with tetracyclines being the most frequently reported. This review highlights the importance of finding new management strategies for pesticides and veterinary drugs. Moreover, due to the still limited knowledge on inter- and transgenerational effects of these contaminants, we underlie the need to strengthen research in this field, so as to better clarify the specific effects of each contaminant and their long-term impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra Colopi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenia Guida
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Cacciotti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Fuda
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Lampitto
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Onorato
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Zucchi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Grimaldi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Barchi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Farooq S, Xu L, Ullah S, Li J, Nie J, Ping J, Ying Y. Advancements and greenification potential of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for chromatographic analysis of veterinary drug residues in milk. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13399. [PMID: 39072953 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Milk, as a widely consumed nutrient-rich food, is crucial for bone health, growth, and overall nutrition. The persistent application of veterinary drugs for controlling diseases and heightening milk yield has imparted substantial repercussions on human health and environmental ecosystems. Due to the high demand, fresh consumption, complex composition of milk, and the potential adverse impacts of drug residues, advanced greener analytical methods are necessitated. Among them, functional materials-based analytical methods attract wide concerns. The magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs), as a kind of typical functional material, possess excellent greenification characteristics and potencies, and they are easily integrated into various detection technologies, which have offered green approaches toward analytes such as veterinary drugs in milk. Despite their increasing applications and great potential, MMIPs' use in dairy matrices remains underexplored, especially regarding ecological sustainability. This work reviews recent advances in MMIPs' synthesis and application as efficient sorbents for veterinary drug extraction in milk followed by chromatographic analysis. The uniqueness and effectiveness of MMIPs in real milk samples are evaluated, current limitations are addressed, and greenification opportunities are proposed. MMIPs show promise in revolutionizing green analytical procedures for veterinary drug detection, aligning with the environmental goals of modern food production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saqib Farooq
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Innovation Platform of Micro/Nano Technology for Biosensing, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lizhou Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Innovation Platform of Micro/Nano Technology for Biosensing, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Safat Ullah
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Jinhua Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering Technology of Shandong Province, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Jiyun Nie
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agriculture University/Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianfeng Ping
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Innovation Platform of Micro/Nano Technology for Biosensing, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yibin Ying
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Innovation Platform of Micro/Nano Technology for Biosensing, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Klöppner L, Harps LC, Parr MK. Sample Preparation Techniques for Growth-Promoting Agents in Various Mammalian Specimen Preceding MS-Analytics. Molecules 2024; 29:330. [PMID: 38257243 PMCID: PMC10818438 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The misuse of growth-promoting drugs such as beta-2 agonists and steroids is a known problem in farming and sports competitions. Prior to the analysis of biological samples via liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS) or gas chromatography (GC)-MS, sufficient sample preparation is required to reliably identify or determine the residues of drugs. In practice, broad screening methods are often used to save time and analyze as many compounds as possible. This review was conceptualized to analyze the literature from 2018 until October 2023 for sample preparation procedures applied to animal specimens before LC- or GC-MS analysis. The animals were either used in farming or sports. In the present review, solid phase extraction (SPE) was observed as the dominant sample clean-up technique for beta-2 agonists and steroids, followed by protein precipitation. For the extraction of beta-2 agonists, mixed-mode cation exchanger-based SPE phases were preferably applied, while for the steroids, various types of SPE materials were reported. Furthermore, dispersive SPE-based QuEChERs were utilized. Combinatory use of SPE and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) was observed to cover further drug classes in addition to beta-2 agonists in broader screening methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Kristina Parr
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (L.K.); (L.C.H.)
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Wang L, Yan Y, Wang Y, Lv Q, Teng S, Wang W. Rapid and Simultaneous Determination of Anabolic Andro-Genic Steroids in Livestock and Poultry Meat Using One-Step Solid-Phase Extraction Coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS. Molecules 2023; 29:84. [PMID: 38202665 PMCID: PMC10780017 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) are usually illegally added to animal feed because they can significantly promote animal growth and increase carcasses' leanness, which threatens the safety of animal-derived foods and indirectly hazards human health. This study aimed to establish an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous detection of twelve AAS residues in livestock and poultry meat. The homogenized samples were extracted with acetonitrile containing 1% acetic acid (v/v) and purified using the one-step extraction column. After concentration using nitrogen, the residues were redissolved in acetonitrile and then quantified with an external standard method using UHPLC-MS/MS. The results showed that the above-mentioned method had a satisfactory linear correlation (R2 ≥ 0.9903) with a concentration range of 1-100 μg/L, and the limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) were 0.03-0.33 μg/kg and 0.09-0.90 μg/kg, respectively. With the intraday and interday precision less than 15%, the average recoveries of pork, beef, lamb, and chicken, at different spiked levels, ranged from 68.3 to 93.3%, 68.0 to 99.4%, 71.6 to 109.8%, and 70.5 to 97.7%, respectively. Overall, the established method is validated, precise, and capable of the high-throughput determination of the residues of twelve AASs in livestock and poultry meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.W.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (S.T.)
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yonghong Yan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.W.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (S.T.)
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Center of Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China;
| | - Qingqin Lv
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.W.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (S.T.)
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shuang Teng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.W.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (S.T.)
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.W.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (S.T.)
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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A Simple, Efficient, Eco-Friendly Sample Preparation Procedure for the Simultaneous Determination of Hormones in Meat and Fish Products by Gas Chromatography—Mass Spectrometry. Foods 2022; 11:foods11193095. [PMID: 36230170 PMCID: PMC9562678 DOI: 10.3390/foods11193095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Food safety can be severely compromised by the presence of chemical contaminants. This has raised a pressing need to develop efficient analytical methods for their determination at very low levels in complex food matrices. In this manuscript, we developed a simple, sensitive, fast, green analytical method for the determination of thirteen natural and synthetic hormones from different families including progestogens, estrogens and androgens in meat and fish products. The method involves direct extraction with a (9:1) acetonitrile–water mixture and subsequent purification of the extract by semi-automated solid-phase extraction on a sorbent column (hydrophilic–lipophilic copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone and divinylbenzene). This treatment enriches samples with the target compounds while removing proteins, lipids and other potential interferences from their matrix for the accurate determination of the analytes by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, all within 15 min. The proposed method exhibits good linearity (r ≥ 0.996), low limits of detection (0.4–15 ng/kg), acceptable recoveries (90–105%) and relative standard deviations (≤7%); in addition, it is scarcely subject to matrix effects (1–20%). The method was successfully used to determine natural and synthetic hormones in meat and fish products from Spain, Portugal, Italy, Germany, Greece, Norway, Morocco and the USA. The analytes were found at especially high levels (30–1900 ng/kg) in mussels, beef and pork.
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Liao T, Jia J, Tong K, Ouyang J, Jiang W, Zhu XP. Determination of synthetic estrogens in milk by a novel hyper-crosslinked polymer SPME coupled with HPLC-MS. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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González-Gómez L, Morante-Zarcero S, Pereira JAM, Câmara JS, Sierra I. Improved Analytical Approach for Determination of Tropane Alkaloids in Leafy Vegetables Based on µ-QuEChERS Combined with HPLC-MS/MS. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14100650. [PMID: 36287919 PMCID: PMC9612249 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14100650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents an optimized methodology based on the miniaturization of the original QuEChERS (μ-QuEChERS) followed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) for the determination of tropane alkaloids (TAs), atropine, and scopolamine in leafy vegetable samples. The analytical methodology was successfully validated, demonstrating quantitation limits (MQL) ≤ 2.3 ng/g, good accuracy, and precision, with recoveries between 90–100% and RSD ≤ 13% for both analytes. The method was applied to the analysis of TA-producing plants (Brugmansia versicolor, Solandra maxima, and Convolvulus arvensis). High concentrations of scopolamine were found in flowers (1771 mg/kg) and leaves (297 mg/kg) of B. versicolor. The highest concentration of atropine was found in flowers of S. maxima (10.4 mg/kg). Commercial mixed leafy vegetables contaminated with B. versicolor and S. maxima were analysed to verify the efficacy of the method, showing recoveries between 82 and 110% for both analytes. Finally, the method was applied to the analysis of eighteen samples of leafy vegetables, finding atropine in three samples of mixed leafy vegetables, with concentrations of 2.7, 3.2, and 3.4 ng/g, and in nine samples with concentrations ≤MQL. In turn, scopolamine was only found in a sample of chopped Swiss chard with a concentration ≤MQL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena González-Gómez
- ESCET—Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Departamento de Tecnología Química y Ambiental, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Sonia Morante-Zarcero
- ESCET—Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Departamento de Tecnología Química y Ambiental, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge A. M. Pereira
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - José S. Câmara
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Isabel Sierra
- ESCET—Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Departamento de Tecnología Química y Ambiental, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-488-7018; Fax: +34-91-488-8143
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Green extraction approach based on μSPEed® followed by HPLC-MS/MS for the determination of atropine and scopolamine in tea and herbal tea infusions. Food Chem 2022; 394:133512. [PMID: 35728464 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A high throught methododology based on a green extraction technique, µSPEed®, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) has been proposed for the analysis of atropine and scopolamine in tea and herbal tea infusions. For this, a digiVOL® Digital Syringe was used with different sorbents and working conditions to obtain a fast and efficient µSPEed® extraction. The best performance was achieved with a PS/DVB sorbent phase, sample loading of 5 × 500 µL and elution with 2 × 100 µL aliquots of methanol. The strategy based on µSPEed® followed by HPLC-MS/MS was validated, attaining quantitation limits lower than 0.15 ng mL-1 and recoveries between 94 and 106% for both analytes and applied to seventeen tea and herbal tea infusions. Fourteen infusions showed contamination with one or both analytes above the maximum content legislated (sum of atropine and scopolamine < 0.2 ng mL-1).
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Moussa F, Doumiati S, Bernabò N, Barboni B, Jaber F, Mokh S. Hormones residues in bovine animals: Sampling, analysis and health risk assessment. Steroids 2022; 181:108994. [PMID: 35245532 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.108994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of hormones for breeding animal livestock has been banned since 1981 under the Council Directive 81/602/EC. So far, each country should monitor the use of anabolic hormones in animal production to protect the consumer's health against these unwanted residues. This paper presents the research results on steroid and non-steroid hormones residues carried out in Lebanon from 2018 to 2020. Using a newly developed and validated LC-MS/MS method, the detection and the quantification of hormones in bovine matrices were done. The targeted matrices were muscle, liver, kidney, and bile. A total of two-hundred and forty-seven samples were collected from different slaughterhouses located in six different cities in Lebanon. Interestingly, only four hormones were found: testosterone, progesterone, epitestosterone, and 6 propyl 2thiouracil. Based on the obtained data, the estimated daily intake, hazard quotient, and hazard index were calculated to evaluate an exposure assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadl Moussa
- Doctoral School of Science and Technology Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture, and Environment, University of Teramo, Italy
| | - Samah Doumiati
- Faculty of Public Health- I - Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Nicola Bernabò
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture, and Environment, University of Teramo, Italy
| | - Barbara Barboni
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture, and Environment, University of Teramo, Italy
| | - Farouk Jaber
- National Council for Scientific Research (CNRS), Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission (LAEC), Laboratory for Analysis of Organic Compound (LACO), Beirut, Lebanon; Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon.
| | - Samia Mokh
- Faculty of Public Health- I - Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon; National Council for Scientific Research (CNRS), Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission (LAEC), Laboratory for Analysis of Organic Compound (LACO), Beirut, Lebanon.
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Wang Q, Feng Q, Hu G, Gao Z, Zhu X, Epua Epri J. Simultaneous determination of seven bisphenol analogues in surface water by solid-phase extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.107098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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NAZLI B, OLGUN EO, ÇAKIR B, DEMIRCI M. An analytical study to determine prohibited anabolic residues in red meat tissue using LC-MS/MS system. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.65420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bülent NAZLI
- Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Turkey; Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Turkey
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Preface. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 155:112372. [PMID: 34175404 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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