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Zhang N, Guo P, Zhao Y, Qiu X, Shao S, Liu Z, Gao Z. Pharmacological mechanisms of puerarin in the treatment of Parkinson's disease: An overview. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117101. [PMID: 39002442 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Puerarin, a monomer of traditional Chinese medicine, is a key component of Pueraria radix. Both clinical and experimental researches demonstrated that puerarin has therapeutic effects on Parkinson's disease (PD). Puerarin's pharmacological mechanisms include: 1) Anti-apoptosis. Puerarin inhibits cell apoptosis through the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways. Puerarin also exerts a hormone-like effect against cell apoptosis; 2) Anti-oxidative stress injury. Puerarin inhibits the Nrf2 nuclear exclusion through the GSK-3β/Fyn pathway to promote the Nrf2 accumulation in the nucleus, and then promotes the antioxidant synthesis through the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway to protect against oxidative stress; 3) Neuroprotective effects by intervening in the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP). Puerarin significantly enhances the activity of chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), which downregulates the expression of α-synuclein, reduces its accumulation, and thus improves the function of damaged neurons. Additionally, puerarin increases proteasome activity and decreases ubiquitin-binding proteins, thereby preventing toxic accumulation of intracellular proteins; 4) Alleviating inflammatory response. Puerarin inhibits the conversion of microglia to the M1 phenotype while inducing the transition of microglia to the M2 phenotype. Furthermore, puerarin promotes the secretion of anti-inflammatory factor and inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory factors; 5) Increasing the levels of dopamine and its metabolites. Puerarin could increase the levels of dopamine, homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the striatum; 6) Promoting neurotrophic factor expression and neuronal repair. Puerarin increases the expression of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF), thereby exerting a neuroprotective effect. Moreover, the regulation of the gut microbiota by puerarin may be a potential mechanism for the treatment of PD. The current review discusses the molecular mechanisms of puerarin, which may provide insight into the active components of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianping Zhang
- Postdoctoral Mobile Station, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China; Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Jinan Third People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250132, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Hand and Upper Limb Surgery, Jinan Third People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250132, China
| | - Xiao Qiu
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of reproductive medicine, Jingmen People's Hospital, Jingmen, Hubei 448000, China
| | - Zhenzhong Liu
- School of Public Health, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637100, China
| | - Zong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China.
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Xu Q, Chen Y, Chen D, Reddy MB. The Protection of EGCG Against 6-OHDA-Induced Oxidative Damage by Regulating PPARγ and Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling. Nutr Metab Insights 2024; 17:11786388241253436. [PMID: 38800717 PMCID: PMC11128170 DOI: 10.1177/11786388241253436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is a classic neurotoxin that has been widely used in Parkinson's disease research. 6-OHDA can increase intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and can cause cell damage, which can be attenuated with (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) treatment. However, the mechanism by which EGCG alters the 6-OHDA toxicity remains unclear; In this study, we found 6-OHDA (25 μM) alone increased intracellular ROS concentration in N27 cells, which was attenuated by pretreating with EGCG (100 μM). We evaluated the intracellular oxidative damage by determining the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyl content. 6-OHDA significantly increased TBARS by 82.7% (P < .05) and protein carbonyl content by 47.8 (P < .05), compared to the control. Pretreatment of EGCG decreased TBARS and protein carbonyls by 36.4% (P < .001) and 27.7% (P < .05), respectively, compared to 6-OHDA alone treatment. Antioxidant effect was tested with E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) and peroxisome-proliferator activator receptor γ (PPARγ) expression. 6-OHDA increased Nrf2 expression by 69.6% (P < .001), HO-1 by 173.3% (P < .001), and PPARγ by 122.7% (P < .001), compared with untreatment. EGCG pretreatment stabilized these alterations induced by 6-OHDA. Our results suggested that the neurotoxicity of 6-OHDA in N27 cells was associated with ROS pathway, whereas pretreatment of EGCG suppressed the ROS generation and deactivated the Nrf2/HO-1 and PPARγ expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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Chauhan P, Wadhwa K, Mishra R, Gupta S, Ahmad F, Kamal M, Iqbal D, Alsaweed M, Nuli MV, Abomughaid MM, Almutary AG, Mishra PC, Jha SK, Ojha S, Nelson VK, Dargar A, Singh G, Jha NK. Investigating the Potential Therapeutic Mechanisms of Puerarin in Neurological Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04222-4. [PMID: 38780722 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04222-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Plants and their derived phytochemicals have a long history of treating a wide range of illnesses for several decades. They are believed to be the origin of a diverse array of medicinal compounds. One of the compounds found in kudzu root is puerarin, a isoflavone glycoside commonly used as an alternative medicine to treat various diseases. From a biological perspective, puerarin can be described as a white needle crystal with the chemical name of 7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-benzopyran-4-one-8-D-glucopyranoside. Besides, puerarin is sparingly soluble in water and produces no color or light yellow solution. Multiple experimental and clinical studies have confirmed the significant therapeutic effects of puerarin. These effects span a wide range of pharmacological effects, including neuroprotection, hepatoprotection, cardioprotection, immunomodulation, anticancer properties, anti-diabetic properties, anti-osteoporosis properties, and more. Puerarin achieves these effects by interacting with various cellular and molecular pathways, such as MAPK, AMPK, NF-κB, mTOR, β-catenin, and PKB/Akt, as well as different receptors, enzymes, and growth factors. The current review highlights the molecular mechanism of puerarin as a neuroprotective agent in the treatment of various neurodegenerative and neurological diseases. Extensive cellular, animal, and clinical research has provided valuable insights into its effectiveness in conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, cerebral stroke, depression, and more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Karan Wadhwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Richa Mishra
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Parul University, Gujrat, Vadodara, 391760, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Fuzail Ahmad
- Respiratory Care Department, College of Applied Sciences, Almaarefa University, Diriya, Riyadh, 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehnaz Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Health Information Management, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah, 51418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alsaweed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohana Vamsi Nuli
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India
| | - Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed G Almutary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 59911, United Arab Emirates
| | - Prabhu Chandra Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Zoology, Kalindi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vinod Kumar Nelson
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India.
| | - Abha Dargar
- Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Anand Nagar, Krishnankoil, Virudhunagar, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Govind Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India.
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
- School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India.
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India.
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.
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Song Q, Jian W, Zhang Y, Li Q, Zhao Y, Liu R, Zeng Y, Zhang F, Duan J. Puerarin Attenuates Iron Overload-Induced Ferroptosis in Retina through a Nrf2-Mediated Mechanism. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300123. [PMID: 38196088 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Age-related increases in retinal iron are involved in the development of retinal degeneration. The recently discovered iron-dependent mechanism of cell death known as ferroptosis has been linked to a wide range of pathologies. However, its role in iron overload-induced retinal degeneration is still uncertain. Puerarin has been associated with retinal protection. The purpose of this research is to determine how puerarin prevents retinal ferroptosis under iron overload conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS Models of iron overload in Kunming mice, 661W cell, and ARPE-19 cell are established. Increased iron deposition significantly worsens retinal pathology, decreases cell viability, and induces ferroptotic changes. Puerarin mitigates iron overload-induced ferroptosis by decreasing excessive iron through the regulation of iron handling proteins and lowering lipid peroxidation through the inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 expression and activation of the nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway and downstream ferroptosis-related proteins (solute carrier family 7 member 11, glutathione peroxidase 4 and heme oxygenase-1). The protective effect of puerarin on ferroptosis is diminished by the Nrf2-specific inhibitor ML385. CONCLUSION These findings suggest targeting ferroptosis may be a novel strategy for the management of retinal degeneration. Puerarin may exert some of its ocular benefits by attenuating ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongtao Song
- Eye School of Chengdu University of TCM, No.37 Twelve Bridge Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
- Ineye Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, No.8 Xinghui Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610084, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Ophthalmopathy Prevention & Cure and Visual Function Protection, No.37 Twelve Bridge Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
- Guangzhou Ineye Vision Health Innovation Institute, No.2 Fenghuang 3rd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510555, China
| | - Wenyuan Jian
- Eye School of Chengdu University of TCM, No.37 Twelve Bridge Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
- Ineye Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, No.8 Xinghui Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610084, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Ophthalmopathy Prevention & Cure and Visual Function Protection, No.37 Twelve Bridge Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
- Guangzhou Ineye Vision Health Innovation Institute, No.2 Fenghuang 3rd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510555, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, No.326 Xinshi South Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Eye School of Chengdu University of TCM, No.37 Twelve Bridge Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
- Ineye Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, No.8 Xinghui Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610084, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Ophthalmopathy Prevention & Cure and Visual Function Protection, No.37 Twelve Bridge Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
- Guangzhou Ineye Vision Health Innovation Institute, No.2 Fenghuang 3rd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510555, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Eye School of Chengdu University of TCM, No.37 Twelve Bridge Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
- Ineye Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, No.8 Xinghui Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610084, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Ophthalmopathy Prevention & Cure and Visual Function Protection, No.37 Twelve Bridge Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Eye School of Chengdu University of TCM, No.37 Twelve Bridge Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Eye School of Chengdu University of TCM, No.37 Twelve Bridge Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
| | - Fuwen Zhang
- Eye School of Chengdu University of TCM, No.37 Twelve Bridge Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
- Ineye Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, No.8 Xinghui Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610084, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Ophthalmopathy Prevention & Cure and Visual Function Protection, No.37 Twelve Bridge Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
- Guangzhou Ineye Vision Health Innovation Institute, No.2 Fenghuang 3rd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510555, China
| | - Junguo Duan
- Eye School of Chengdu University of TCM, No.37 Twelve Bridge Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
- Ineye Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, No.8 Xinghui Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610084, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Ophthalmopathy Prevention & Cure and Visual Function Protection, No.37 Twelve Bridge Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
- Guangzhou Ineye Vision Health Innovation Institute, No.2 Fenghuang 3rd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510555, China
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Li C, Liu Y. Puerarin reduces cell damage from cerebral ischemia-reperfusion by inhibiting ferroptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 693:149324. [PMID: 38101001 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the protective effects of Puerarin, a compound derived from the traditional Chinese herb Pueraria, against cellular damage induced by Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation (OGD/R) in PC12 cells. The research focuses on understanding how Puerarin influences the mechanisms of ferroptosis and oxidative stress, key factors in ischemia-reperfusion injury relevant to neurodegenerative diseases. In our in vitro model, we identified the optimal OGD duration to induce significant cell stress and confirmed the non-toxicity of Puerarin up to 100uM. The results reveal that Puerarin substantially mitigates the detrimental effects of OGD/R, including improvements in cell viability, mitochondrial integrity, and reductions in oxidative stress markers like ROS and lipid peroxidation. Notably, Puerarin modulates key proteins in the autophagy process and the Nrf2 pathway, crucial in cellular stress responses. Further, the use of 3-Methyladenine, an autophagy inhibitor, underscores the significance of autophagy in managing OGD/R-induced stress. These findings suggest Puerarin's potential as a therapeutic agent for conditions characterized by ischemic cellular damage, highlighting the need for further clinical exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxuan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Yang K, Zeng L, Zeng J, Deng Y, Wang S, Xu H, He Q, Yuan M, Luo Y, Ge A, Ge J. Research progress in the molecular mechanism of ferroptosis in Parkinson's disease and regulation by natural plant products. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 91:102063. [PMID: 37673132 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system after Alzheimer's disease. The current understanding of PD focuses mainly on the loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra region of the midbrain, which is attributed to factors such as oxidative stress, alpha-synuclein aggregation, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. These factors together contribute to the PD phenotype. Recent studies on PD pathology have introduced a new form of cell death known as ferroptosis. Pathological changes closely linked with ferroptosis have been seen in the brain tissues of PD patients, including alterations in iron metabolism, lipid peroxidation, and increased levels of reactive oxygen species. Preclinical research has demonstrated the neuroprotective qualities of certain iron chelators, antioxidants, Fer-1, and conditioners in Parkinson's disease. Natural plant products have shown significant potential in balancing ferroptosis-related factors and adjusting their expression levels. Therefore, it is vital to understand the mechanisms by which natural plant products inhibit ferroptosis and relieve PD symptoms. This review provides a comprehensive look at ferroptosis, its role in PD pathology, and the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of natural plant products focused on ferroptosis. The insights from this review can serve as useful references for future research on novel ferroptosis inhibitors and lead compounds for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China; Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Liuting Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jinsong Zeng
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Deng
- People's Hospital of Ningxiang City, Ningxiang, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Qi He
- People's Hospital of Ningxiang City, Ningxiang, China
| | - Mengxia Yuan
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yanfang Luo
- The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, Shaoyang, China
| | - Anqi Ge
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinwen Ge
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China; Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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7
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Zhou W, He H, Wei Q, Che L, Zhao X, Liu W, Yan Y, Hu L, Du Y, Yin Z, Shuai Y, Yang L, Feng R. Puerarin protects against acetaminophen-induced oxidative damage in liver through activation of the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:6604-6615. [PMID: 37823166 PMCID: PMC10563760 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Puerarin (Pue) is a kind of isoflavone compound extracted from Pueraria lobata, which has significant antioxidant activity. Excessive use of acetaminophen (APAP) can cause oxidative stress in the liver and eventually lead to acute liver injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect and the mechanism of puerarin on APAP-induced liver oxidative damage. In in vitro experiments, puerarin significantly increased the cell activity of HepG2 cells, reduced the ROS accumulation, alleviated the oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. In in vivo studies, our results showed that puerarin enhanced antioxidant activity and alleviated histopathological damage. Further studies showed that puerarin decreased the expression of Keap1, promoted the nuclear migration of Nrf2, and up-regulated the expression of GCLC, GCLM, HO-1 and NQO1. This study demonstrated that puerarin can protect APAP-induced liver injury via alleviating oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction by affecting the nuclear migration of Nrf2 via inhibiting Keap1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhai Zhou
- Sichuan Oil Cinnamon Engineering Technology Research CenterYibin UniversityYibinChina
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food EngineeringYiBin UniversityYibinChina
| | - Heng He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary MedicineSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qin Wei
- Sichuan Oil Cinnamon Engineering Technology Research CenterYibin UniversityYibinChina
| | - Litao Che
- Sichuan Oil Cinnamon Engineering Technology Research CenterYibin UniversityYibinChina
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food EngineeringYiBin UniversityYibinChina
| | - Xin Zhao
- Sichuan Oil Cinnamon Engineering Technology Research CenterYibin UniversityYibinChina
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food EngineeringYiBin UniversityYibinChina
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Sichuan Oil Cinnamon Engineering Technology Research CenterYibin UniversityYibinChina
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food EngineeringYiBin UniversityYibinChina
| | - Yue Yan
- Sichuan Oil Cinnamon Engineering Technology Research CenterYibin UniversityYibinChina
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food EngineeringYiBin UniversityYibinChina
| | - Lianqing Hu
- Sichuan Oil Cinnamon Engineering Technology Research CenterYibin UniversityYibinChina
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food EngineeringYiBin UniversityYibinChina
| | - Yonghua Du
- Sichuan Oil Cinnamon Engineering Technology Research CenterYibin UniversityYibinChina
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food EngineeringYiBin UniversityYibinChina
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary MedicineSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yongkang Shuai
- Sichuan Oil Cinnamon Engineering Technology Research CenterYibin UniversityYibinChina
| | - Li Yang
- Sichuan Oil Cinnamon Engineering Technology Research CenterYibin UniversityYibinChina
| | - Ruizhang Feng
- Sichuan Oil Cinnamon Engineering Technology Research CenterYibin UniversityYibinChina
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Liu S, Qin HH, Ji XR, Gan JW, Sun MJ, Tao J, Tao ZQ, Zhao GN, Ma BX. Virtual Screening of Nrf2 Dietary-Derived Agonists and Safety by a New Deep-Learning Model and Verified In Vitro and In Vivo. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:8038-8049. [PMID: 37196215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is an essential regulatory target of antioxidants, but the lack of Nrf2 active site information has hindered discovery of new Nrf2 agonists from food-derived compounds by large-scale virtual screening. Two deep-learning models were separately trained to screen for Nrf2-agonists and safety. The trained models screened potentially active chemicals from approximately 70,000 dietary compounds within 5 min. Of the 169 potential Nrf2 agonists identified via deep-learning screening, 137 had not been reported before. Six compounds selected from the new Nrf2 agonists significantly increased (p < 0.05) the activity of Nrf2 on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-intoxicated HepG2 cells (nicotiflorin (99.44 ± 18.5%), artemetin (97.91 ± 8.22%), daidzin (87.73 ± 3.77%), linonin (74.27 ± 5.73%), sinensetin (72.74 ± 10.41%), and tectoridin (77.78 ± 4.80%)), and their safety were demonstrated by an MTT assay. The safety and Nrf2 agonistic activity of nicotiflorin, artemetin, and daidzin were also reconfirm by a single-dose acute oral toxicity study and CCl4-intoxicated rat assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Process, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Huan-Huan Qin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Process, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xin-Ran Ji
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Process, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Jian-Wen Gan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Process, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Meng-Jia Sun
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Process, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Jin Tao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Process, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Zhuo-Qi Tao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Process, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Guang-Nian Zhao
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Bing-Xin Ma
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Liu T, Su K, Cai W, Ao H, Li M. Therapeutic potential of puerarin against cerebral diseases: From bench to bedside. Eur J Pharmacol 2023:175695. [PMID: 36977450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of cerebral diseases is rapidly increasing worldwide, and they have become an important challenge for modern medicine. Most of the available chemical drugs used in the treatment of cerebral diseases are highly toxic and single-targeted. Therefore, novel drugs from natural resources have attracted much attention for their potential to manage cerebral diseases. Puerarin is a natural isoflavone isolated from the roots of Pueraria species such as P. lobata (Willd) Ohwi, P. thomsonii, and P. mirifica. Several authors have reported the beneficial effects of puerarin in cerebral ischemic disease, intracerebral hemorrhage, vascular dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, anxiety, and traumatic brain injury. This review summarizes the brain pharmacokinetics, brain drug delivery system, clinical use (in cerebral diseases), toxicity, and the adverse clinical reactions of puerarin. We have systematically presented the pharmacological actions and the molecular mechanisms of puerarin in various cerebral diseases to provide a direction for future research on the therapeutic use of puerarin in cerebral diseases.
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10
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Dong-Chen X, Yong C, Yang X, Chen-Yu S, Li-Hua P. Signaling pathways in Parkinson's disease: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:73. [PMID: 36810524 PMCID: PMC9944326 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01353-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, and its treatment remains a big challenge. The pathogenesis of PD may be related to environmental and genetic factors, and exposure to toxins and gene mutations may be the beginning of brain lesions. The identified mechanisms of PD include α-synuclein aggregation, oxidative stress, ferroptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and gut dysbiosis. The interactions among these molecular mechanisms complicate the pathogenesis of PD and pose great challenges to drug development. At the same time, the diagnosis and detection of PD are also one of obstacles to the treatment of PD due to its long latency and complex mechanism. Most conventional therapeutic interventions for PD possess limited effects and have serious side effects, heightening the need to develop novel treatments for this disease. In this review, we systematically summarized the pathogenesis, especially the molecular mechanisms of PD, the classical research models, clinical diagnostic criteria, and the reported drug therapy strategies, as well as the newly reported drug candidates in clinical trials. We also shed light on the components derived from medicinal plants that are newly identified for their effects in PD treatment, with the expectation to provide the summary and outlook for developing the next generation of drugs and preparations for PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Dong-Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chen Yong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - ShenTu Chen-Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Peng Li-Hua
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, P. R. China.
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11
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Rodrigues-Costa M, Fernandes MSDS, Jurema-Santos GC, Gonçalves LVDP, Andrade-da-Costa BLDS. Nutrigenomics in Parkinson's disease: diversity of modulatory actions of polyphenols on epigenetic effects induced by toxins. Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:72-84. [PMID: 36625764 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.2017662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Although the pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease (PD) is not completely understood, there is a consensus that it can be caused by multifactorial mechanisms involving genetic susceptibility, epigenetic modifications induced by toxins and mitochondrial dysfunction. In the past 20 years, great efforts have been made in order to clarify molecular mechanisms that are risk factors for this disease, as well as to identify bioactive agents for prevention and slowing down of its progression. Nutraceutical products have received substantial interest due to their nutritional, safe and therapeutic effects on several chronic diseases. The aim of this review was to gather the main evidence of the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the neuroprotective effects of phenolic compounds currently under investigation for the treatment of toxin-induced PD. These studies confirm that the neuroprotective actions of polyphenols involve complex epigenetic modulations, demonstrating that the intake of these natural compounds can be a promising, low-cost, pharmacogenomic strategy against the development of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moara Rodrigues-Costa
- Programa de Neuropsiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Matheus Santos de Sousa Fernandes
- Programa de Neuropsiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | - Belmira Lara da Silveira Andrade-da-Costa
- Programa de Neuropsiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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12
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Bai X, Bian Z, Zhang M. Targeting the Nrf2 signaling pathway using phytochemical ingredients: A novel therapeutic road map to combat neurodegenerative diseases. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154582. [PMID: 36610130 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a classical nuclear transcription factor that regulates the system's anti-oxidative stress response. The activation of Nrf2 induces the expression of antioxidant proteins and improves the system's anti-oxidative stress ability. Accumulating evidence suggests that Nrf2-centered signaling pathways may be a key pharmacological target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). However, phytochemicals as new therapeutic agents against NDDs have not been clearly delineated. PURPOSE To review the therapeutic effects of phytochemical ingredients on NDDs by activating Nrf2 and reducing oxidative stress injury. METHODS A comprehensive search of published articles was performed using various literature databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. The search terms included "Nrf2", "phytochemical ingredients", "natural bioactive agents", "neurodegenerative diseases", "Antioxidant", "Alzheimer's disease", "Parkinson's disease", "Huntington's disease", "amyotrophic lateral sclerosis" "multiple sclerosis", "toxicity", and combinations of these keywords. A total of 769 preclinical studies were retrieved until August 2022, and we included 39 of these articless on phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and other fields. RESULTS Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies showed that phytochemical ingredients could act as an Nrf2 activator in the treatment of NDDs through the antioxidant defense mechanism. These phytochemical ingredients, such as salidroside, naringenin, resveratrol, sesaminol, ellagic acid, ginsenoside Re, tanshinone I, sulforaphane, curcumin, naringin, tetramethylpyrazine, withametelin, magnolol, piperine, and myricetin, had the potential to improve Nrf2 signaling, thereby combatting NDDs. CONCLUSION As Nrf2 activators, phytochemical ingredients may provide a novel potential strategy for the treatment of NDDs. Here, we reviewed the interaction between phytochemical ingredients, Nrf2, and its antioxidant damaging pathway in NDDs and explored the advantages of phytochemical ingredients in anti-oxidative stress, which provides a reliable basis for improving the treatment of NDDs. However, further clinical trials are needed to determine the safety and efficacy of Nrf2 activators for NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, 110004, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Zhigang Bian
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, 110004, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, 110004, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
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13
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Paccione N, Rahmani M, Barcia E, Negro S. Antiparkinsonian Agents in Investigational Polymeric Micro- and Nano-Systems. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010013. [PMID: 36678642 PMCID: PMC9866990 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive destruction of dopaminergic tissue in the central nervous system (CNS). To date, there is no cure for the disease, with current pharmacological treatments aimed at controlling the symptoms. Therefore, there is an unmet need for new treatments for PD. In addition to new therapeutic options, there exists the need for improved efficiency of the existing ones, as many agents have difficulties in crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to achieve therapeutic levels in the CNS or exhibit inappropriate pharmacokinetic profiles, thereby limiting their clinical benefits. To overcome these limitations, an interesting approach is the use of drug delivery systems, such as polymeric microparticles (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) that allow for the controlled release of the active ingredients targeting to the desired site of action, increasing the bioavailability and efficacy of treatments, as well as reducing the number of administrations and adverse effects. Here we review the polymeric micro- and nano-systems under investigation as potential new therapies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Paccione
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mahdieh Rahmani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-913941741
| | - Emilia Barcia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía Negro
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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14
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Role of Nrf2 in aging, Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 82:101756. [PMID: 36243357 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear Factor-Erythroid Factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important transcription factor that regulates the expression of large number of genes in healthy and disease states. Nrf2 is made up of 605 amino acids and contains 7 conserved regions known as Nrf2-ECH homology domains. Nrf2 regulates the expression of several key components of oxidative stress, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, autophagy and mitochondrial function in all organs of the human body, in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Mounting evidence also suggests that altered expression of Nrf2 is largely involved in aging, neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's diseases, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Stroke, Multiple sclerosis and others. The purpose of this article is to detail the essential role of Nrf2 in oxidative stress, antioxidative defense, detoxification, inflammatory responses, transcription factors, proteasomal and autophagic/mitophagic degradation, and metabolism in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. This article also highlights the Nrf2 structural and functional activities in healthy and disease states, and also discusses the current status of Nrf2 research and therapeutic strategies to treat aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
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15
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Zhang N, Yu X, Song L, Xiao Z, Xie J, Xu H. Ferritin confers protection against iron-mediated neurotoxicity and ferroptosis through iron chelating mechanisms in MPP +-induced MES23.5 dopaminergic cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:751-763. [PMID: 36395957 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ferritin is the main iron storage protein and plays an important role in maintaining iron homeostasis. In a previous study, we reported that apoferritin exerted a neuroprotective effect against MPTP by regulation of brain iron metabolism and ferroptosis. However, the precise cellular mechanisms of extracellular ferritin underlying this protection are not fully elucidated. Ferritin was reported to be localized in different intracellular compartments, cytoplasm or released outside cells. Here we demonstrated that the intracellular iron increased after iron treatment in primary cultured astrocytes. These iron-loaded astrocytes released more ferritin in order to buffer extracellular iron. Using co-culture system of primary cultured astrocytes and MES23.5 dopaminergic cells, we showed that ferritin released by astrocytes could enter MES23.5 dopaminergic cells. And primary cultured astrocytes protected MES23.5 dopaminergic cells against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+)-induced neurotoxicity and ferroptosis. In addition, we found that exogenous Apoferritin or Ferritin pretreatment could significantly inhibit MPP+-induced cell damage by restoring the cell viability and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm). Furthermore, exogenous Apoferritin and Ferritin might also protect MES23.5 dopaminergic cells against MPP+ by decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibiting the increase of the labile iron pool (LIP). This suggests that astrocytes increased ferritin release to respond to iron overload, which might inhibit iron-mediated oxidative damage and ferroptosis of dopamine (DA) neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiaoqi Yu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Limei Song
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhixin Xiao
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Junxia Xie
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Huamin Xu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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16
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Therapeutic and Neuroprotective Effects of Bushen Jianpi Decoction on a Rotenone-Induced Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9191284. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/9191284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta. Dopamine (DA) replacement therapy is one of the most effective drug treatments for PD; however, long-term levodopa treatment can lead to various side effects that negatively impact the quality of life of patients. Therefore, finding safe and effective alternative drugs to treat PD is of clinical importance. The Bushen-Jianpi decoction (BSJPD) was derived from classic traditional Chinese medicine and has been shown to be effective in the treatment of PD. This study explored the effects and mechanisms of action of BSJPD in PD. In our study, rats were randomly divided into six groups: the vehicle group, rotenone (ROT) + Saline group, ROT + low-dose BSJPD group, ROT + high-dose BSJPD group, ROT + Madopar group, and ROT + low-dose BSJPD + Madopar group. Treatment was administered to the rats once a day for 28 days, and behavioral tests were assessed. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), dopa decarboxylase (DDC), alpha-synuclein (α-syn), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels were detected. Our results show that BSJPD increases the body weight of rats, improves their motor coordination, reverses decreasing TH levels in the SN, and increases the expression level of DDC and HO-1 in the striatum (ST), but it fails to affect TH levels in the ST in the PD model. In addition, BSJPD reduced the expression of MAO-B in the ST in the PD model, but it did not have a significant effect on COMT. Rather, COMT in the plasma and liver increased in the low-dose BSJPD treatment group. Upregulation of α-syn in the PD model was also observed, but BSJPD has shown no obvious effect to clear it. Our results suggest that BSJPD exhibits a therapeutic effect on PD and may play a neuroprotective role by regulating HO-1 expression and participating in the metabolic process of DA.
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17
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Mo Q, Li S, You S, Wang D, Zhang J, Li M, Wang C. Puerarin Reduces Oxidative Damage and Photoaging Caused by UVA Radiation in Human Fibroblasts by Regulating Nrf2 and MAPK Signaling Pathways. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224724. [PMID: 36432411 PMCID: PMC9694396 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts account for more than 95% of dermal cells maintaining dermal structure and function. However, UVA penetrates the dermis and causes oxidative stress that damages the dermis and accelerates skin aging. Puerarin, the main active ingredient of Puerariae lobata, has been demonstrated to withstand oxidative stress caused by a variety of factors. However, there are limited findings on whether puerarin protects fibroblasts from UVA-induced oxidative stress damage. The effects of puerarin on human skin fibroblasts (HSF) under UVA-induced oxidative stress were investigated in this study. It is found that puerarin upregulates antioxidant enzymes' mRNA expression level and their content through modulating the KEAP1-Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, thus improving cell antioxidant capacity and successfully eliminating UVA-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid oxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA). Additionally, puerarin blocks the overexpression of human extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), human c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK), and P38, which downregulates matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) expression and increases type I collagen (COL-1) expression. Moreover, preliminary research on mouse skin suggests that puerarin can hydrate, moisturize, and increase the antioxidant capacity of skin tissue. These findings suggest that puerarin can protect the skin against photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuting Mo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shuping Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shiquan You
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jiachan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Meng Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Changtao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
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Wang D, Bu T, Li Y, He Y, Yang F, Zou L. Pharmacological Activity, Pharmacokinetics, and Clinical Research Progress of Puerarin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2121. [PMID: 36358493 PMCID: PMC9686758 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As a kind of medicine and food homologous plant, kudzu root (Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi) is called an "official medicine" in Chinese folk medicine. Puerarin is the main active component extracted from kudzu root, and its structural formula is 8-β-D-grapes pyranose-4, 7-dihydroxy isoflavone, with a white needle crystal; it is slightly soluble in water, and its aqueous solution is colorless or light yellow. Puerarin is a natural antioxidant with high health value and has a series of biological activities such as antioxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor effects, immunity improvement, and cardio-cerebrovascular and nerve cell protection. In particular, for the past few years, it has also been extensively used in clinical study. This review focuses on the antioxidant activity of puerarin, the therapy of diverse types of inflammatory diseases, various new drug delivery systems of puerarin, the "structure-activity relationship" of puerarin and its derivatives, and pharmacokinetic and clinical studies, which can provide a new perspective for the puerarin-related drug research and development, clinical application, and further development and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Tong Bu
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yangqian Li
- Asset and Laboratory Management Department, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yueyue He
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Academic Affairs Office, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
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19
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Preparation, characterization and antioxidant activity of inclusion complex loaded with puerarin and corn peptide. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Li Y, Liu C, Yang L, Li L, Hong L. Puerarin protects fibroblasts against mechanical stretching injury through Nrf2/TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Int Urogynecol J 2022; 33:2565-2576. [PMID: 35962806 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-022-05325-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is the most common form of urinary incontinence in women, which affects women's quality of life worldwide. Mechanical injury of the pelvic floor may disrupt the pelvic supportive tissues and connections via the remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM), which is supposed to be one of the main pathological mechanisms of SUI. METHODS The SUI mouse model was established using vaginal distension (VD). Leak point pressure (LPP), maximum cystometric capacity (MCC), collagen, Nrf2 and TGF-β1 in the anterior vaginal wall were measured in either wild-type or Nrf2-knockout (Nrf2-/-) female C57BL/6 mice with or without puerarin treatment. Then, the mechanical stretching (MS) loaded on L929 cells was generated by a four-point bending device. mTGF-β1 or LY2109761 (an inhibitor of TGF-β1) was used to verify the protective effect of puerarin after Nrf2 knockdown or overexpression. RESULTS The collagen content of the anterior vaginal tissues in VD mice and LPP and MCC was decreased significantly. Besides, the expression levels of Nrf2, TGF-β1, collagen I and collagen III of MS group were downregulated in L929 cells. Puerarin pretreatment could reverse mechanical injury-induced collagen downregulation and Nrf2/TGF-β1 signaling inhibition. Moreover, both LY2109761 pretreatment and Nrf2 knockdown could attenuate the protective effect of puerarin in the mechanical injury-induced ECM remodeling, whereas exogenous TGF-β1 could counteract the effect of Nrf2 downregulation. CONCLUSIONS Puerarin protected fibroblasts from mechanical injury-induced ECM remodeling through the Nrf2/TGF-β1 signaling pathway. This might be a new strategy for the treatment of SUI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Hong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
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Therapeutic Targets for Regulating Oxidative Damage Induced by Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Study from a Pharmacological Perspective. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8624318. [PMID: 35450409 PMCID: PMC9017553 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8624318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury is damage caused by restoring blood flow into ischemic tissues or organs. This complex and characteristic lesion accelerates cell death induced by signaling pathways such as apoptosis, necrosis, and even ferroptosis. In addition to the direct association between I-R and the release of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, it is involved in developing mitochondrial oxidative damage. Thus, its mechanism plays a critical role via reactive species scavenging, calcium overload modulation, electron transport chain blocking, mitochondrial permeability transition pore activation, or noncoding RNA transcription. Other receptors and molecules reduce tissue and organ damage caused by this pathology and other related diseases. These molecular targets have been gradually discovered and have essential roles in I-R resolution. Therefore, the current study is aimed at highlighting the importance of these discoveries. In this review, we inquire about the oxidative damage receptors that are relevant to reducing the damage induced by oxidative stress associated with I-R. Several complications on surgical techniques and pathology interventions do not mitigate the damage caused by I-R. Nevertheless, these therapies developed using alternative targets could work as coadjuvants in tissue transplants or I-R-related pathologies
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22
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Tong X, Yu G, Liu Q, Zhang X, Bian J, Liu Z, Gu J. Puerarin alleviates cadmium-induced oxidative damage to bone by reducing autophagy in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:720-729. [PMID: 34897960 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a regulatory mechanism involved in cadmium (Cd)-induced bone toxicity and is suppressed by various stimuli, including oxidative stress. Puerarin is an isoflavonoid compound isolated from Pueraria, a plant used in traditional Chinese medicine. The underlying mechanisms of action of puerarin remain unclear. The objective of this study was to explore the mitigating effects of puerarin on cadmium-induced oxidative damage in the bones of rats. Cadmium exposure increased oxidative damage in rat bones; this was markedly decreased by puerarin treatment, as demonstrated by changes in the activity of antioxidative enzymes. Cadmium-induced blockage of the expression of key bone regulatory proteins, autophagy-related markers, and signaling molecules was also alleviated by puerarin treatment. Additionally, cadmium reduced expression of the autophagic protein Rab7 and of late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor and MAPK and mTOR activator 1 (LAMTOR1); the decrease in these proteins was not restored by puerarin treatment. We speculate that puerarin relieves the inhibition of fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes that is induced by cadmium; however, this specific effect of puerarin and downstream effects on bone regulatory mechanisms require further investigation. In conclusion, puerarin alleviates cadmium-induced oxidative damage in the bones of rats by attenuating autophagy, which is likely associated with the antioxidant activity of puerarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xishuai Tong
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Gengsheng Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Qingyang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xueqing Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jianchun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zongping Liu
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jianhong Gu
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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23
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Dong D, Zhang Y, He H, Zhu Y, Ou H. Alpinetin inhibits macrophage infiltration and atherosclerosis by improving the thiol redox state: Requirement of GSk3β/Fyn-dependent Nrf2 activation. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22261. [PMID: 35332570 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101567r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alpinetin is a plant flavonoid isolated from Alpinia katsumadai Hayata with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Monocyte infiltration into the intima promotes atherosclerotic development and causes plaque instability at the later stage, which is profoundly influenced by various oxidants. In this study, we investigated whether alpinetin restores the redox state to inhibit monocyte infiltration and ameliorates atherosclerosis. ApoE-deficient (ApoE-/- ) mice were fed a high-fat diet and treated with alpinetin. We found that alpinetin significantly attenuated atherosclerotic lesions and reduced necrotic core size associated with the reduction in infiltrated macrophages within the plaques. Alpinetin inhibited macrophage adhesion and migration, and the expression of chemokines and adhesion molecules, such as MCP-1, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1. Intraplaque MMP2 and MMP9 were reduced, while collagen contents were increased and elastin fiber was prevented from degradation in the alpinetin-treated mice. Data further showed that alpinetin reduced reactive oxygen species generation and promoted thiol-dependent glutathione and thioredoxin antioxidant systems in macrophages. Alpinetin activated Nfr2, an upstream activator of the thiol-dependent redox signaling by increasing the nuclear translocation. The nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 was enhanced by reducing nuclear export, which was achieved through the regulation of the GSk3β/Fyn pathway. Finally, inhibition of Nrf2 in HFD-apoE-/- mice blockaded the effect of alpinetin, which increased aortic macrophage recruitment and aggravated atherosclerosis concurrently with elevating the expression of MCP-1, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1. Altogether, these findings indicated that alpinetin improved Nrf2-mediated redox homeostasis, which consequently inhibited macrophage infiltration and atherosclerosis, suggesting a useful compound for treating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doudou Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Hailong Ou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
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24
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Bang OY, Kim JE. Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle therapy for acute brain insults and neurodegenerative diseases. BMB Rep 2022. [PMID: 35000673 PMCID: PMC8810548 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022.55.1.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapy is a promising approach for treating a variety of disorders, including acute brain insults and neurodegenerative diseases. Stem cells such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs), circular membrane fragments (30 nm−1 μm) that are shed from the cell surface, carrying several therapeutic molecules such as proteins and microRNAs. Because EV-based therapy is superior to cell therapy in terms of scalable production, biodistribution, and safety profiles, it can be used to treat brain diseases as an alternative to stem cell therapy. This review presents evidences evaluating the role of stem cell-derived EVs in stroke, traumatic brain injury, and degenerative brain diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’ disease. In addition, stem cell-derived EVs have better profiles in biocompatibility, immunogenicity, and safety than those of small chemical and macromolecules. The advantages and disadvantages of EVs compared with other strategies are discussed. Even though EVs obtained from native stem cells have potential in the treatment of brain diseases, the successful clinical application is limited by the short half-life, limited targeting, rapid clearance after application, and insufficient payload. We discuss the strategies to enhance the efficacy of EV therapeutics. Finally, EV therapies have yet to be approved by the regulatory authorities. Major issues are discussed together with relevant advances in the clinical application of EV therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh Young Bang
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
- S&E bio, Inc, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
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25
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Therapeutic benefits of flavonoids against neuroinflammation: a systematic review. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:111-136. [PMID: 35031904 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00895-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are an important class of natural polyphenolic compounds reported to exert beneficial effects in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, cancer, autoimmune and neurological disorders. Flavonoids possess potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and immuno-modulation properties. Intriguingly, the importance of flavonoids in different neurological disorders is gaining more attention due to the safety, better pharmacokinetic profile and blood-brain barrier penetration, cost-effectiveness and readiness for clinical uses/trials. Many in vitro and in vivo research studies have established the neuroprotective mechanism of flavonoids in the central nervous system (CNS) diseases. The present review summarizes the benefits of various classes of flavonoids (flavones, flavonols, flavanones, anthocyanidins, isoflavones, flavanols), chemical nature, classification, their occurrence and distribution, pharmacokinetics and bioavailability. The manuscript also presents available evidences relating to the role of flavonoids in regulating key signaling pathways such as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, Janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins (JAK/STAT) pathway, Toll-like receptors (TLR) pathway, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) pathway involved in neuroinflammation associated with major neurological disorders. Literature search was conducted using electronic databases like Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed central, Springer search and Web of science. Chemical structures used in the present analysis were drawn using Chemdraw Professional 15.0 software. This collective information provides comprehensive knowledge on disease pathways and therapeutic benefits of flavonoids in neurological disorders, druggability and future scope for research.
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Yu CC, Du YJ, Li J, Li Y, Wang L, Kong LH, Zhang YW. Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Puerarin in Central Nervous System Diseases: Update. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1092-1105. [PMID: 35855345 PMCID: PMC9286922 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to global population aging and modern lifestyle changes, the incidence of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as neurodegenerative diseases, neuropsychiatric disorders, and cerebrovascular diseases, is increasing and has become a major public health challenge. Current medications commonly used in the clinic are far from satisfactory and may cause serious side effects. Therefore, the identification of novel drugs for the effective management of CNS diseases is very urgent. Puerarin, a highly bioactive ingredient isolated from Pueraria lobata, is known to possess a broad spectrum of pharmacological properties including anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-antioxidant, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective features. However, its clinical application is limited due to its poor water solubility. Since puerarin has demonstrated a wide range of neuroprotective functions in various CNS diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, cerebral ischemia, depression, and spinal cord injury, it has been attracting increasingly intense attention worldwide. In this review, we intend to extensively summarize the research progress on neuroprotective mechanisms of puerarin in recent years and discuss the future directions of its application in CNS disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Chao Yu
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Yan-Jun Du
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Jin Li
- Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Li Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Li-Hong Kong
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Ying-Wen Zhang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Ying-Wen Zhang, Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China. E-mail:
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27
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Insulin-like Growth Factor II Prevents MPP+ and Glucocorticoid Mitochondrial-Oxidative and Neuronal Damage in Dopaminergic Neurons. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010041. [PMID: 35052545 PMCID: PMC8773450 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress seems to contribute to Parkinson’s disease (PD) neuropathology, probably by dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Key factors in this pathophysiology are oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal glucocorticoid-induced toxicity. The insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II), a pleiotropic hormone, has shown antioxidant and neuroprotective effects in some neurodegenerative disorders. Our aim was to examine the protective effect of IGF-II on a dopaminergic cellular combined model of PD and mild to moderate stress measuring oxidative stress parameters, mitochondrial and neuronal markers, and signalling pathways. IGF-II counteracts the mitochondrial-oxidative damage produced by the toxic synergistic effect of corticosterone and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, protecting dopaminergic neurons from death and neurodegeneration. IGF-II promotes PKC activation and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 antioxidant response in a glucocorticoid receptor-dependent pathway, preventing oxidative cell damage and maintaining mitochondrial function. Thus, IGF-II is a potential therapeutic tool for treatment and prevention of disease progression in PD patients suffering mild to moderate emotional stress.
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28
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Wang Y, Gao L, Chen J, Li Q, Huo L, Wang Y, Wang H, Du J. Pharmacological Modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway as a Therapeutic Target of Parkinson's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:757161. [PMID: 34887759 PMCID: PMC8650509 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.757161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder featuring both motor and nonmotor symptoms associated with a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Oxidative stress (OS) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. Genetic and environmental factors can produce OS, which has been implicated as a core contributor to the initiation and progression of PD through the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) orchestrates activation of multiple protective genes, including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which protects cells from OS. Nrf2 has also been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects and modulate both mitochondrial function and biogenesis. Recently, a series of studies have reported that different bioactive compounds were shown to be able to activate Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE) and can ameliorate PD-associated neurotoxin, both in animal models and in tissue culture. In this review, we briefly overview the sources of OS and the association between OS and the pathogenesis of PD. Then, we provided a concise overview of Nrf2/ARE pathway and delineated the role played by activation of Nrf2/HO-1 in PD. At last, we expand our discussion to the neuroprotective effects of pharmacological modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 by bioactive compounds and the potential application of Nrf2 activators for the treatment of PD. This review suggests that pharmacological modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway by bioactive compounds is a therapeutic target of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Luyan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, The Fourth Central Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, The Fourth Central Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jichao Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Liang Huo
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanchao Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Hongquan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jichen Du
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
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29
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Zhang N, He F, Li T, Chen J, Jiang L, Ouyang XP, Zuo L. Role of Exosomes in Brain Diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:743353. [PMID: 34588957 PMCID: PMC8473913 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.743353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles that act as messengers to facilitate communication between cells. Non-coding RNAs, proteins, lipids, and microRNAs are delivered by the exosomes to target molecules (such as proteins, mRNAs, or DNA) of host cells, thereby playing a key role in the maintenance of normal brain function. However, exosomes are also involved in the occurrence, prognosis, and clinical treatment of brain diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. In this review, we have summarized novel findings that elucidate the role of exosomes in the occurrence, prognosis, and treatment of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Neuroscience Research, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Fengling He
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Neuroscience Research, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Ting Li
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Neuroscience Research, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jinzhi Chen
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Neuroscience Research, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Neuroscience Research, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Hunan Taihe Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Xin-Ping Ouyang
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Neuroscience Research, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Lielian Zuo
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Neuroscience Research, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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30
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Martín-Montañez E, Valverde N, Ladrón de Guevara-Miranda D, Lara E, Romero-Zerbo YS, Millon C, Boraldi F, Ávila-Gámiz F, Pérez-Cano AM, Garrido-Gil P, Labandeira-Garcia JL, Santin LJ, Pavia J, Garcia-Fernandez M. Insulin-like growth factor II prevents oxidative and neuronal damage in cellular and mice models of Parkinson's disease. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102095. [PMID: 34418603 PMCID: PMC8379511 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative distress and mitochondrial dysfunction, are key factors involved in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). The pleiotropic hormone insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) has shown neuroprotective and antioxidant effects in some neurodegenerative diseases. In this work, we demonstrate the protective effect of IGF-II against the damage induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) in neuronal dopaminergic cell cultures and a mouse model of progressive PD. In the neuronal model, IGF-II counteracts the oxidative distress produced by MPP + protecting dopaminergic neurons. Improved mitochondrial function, increased nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like2 (NRF2) nuclear translocation along with NRF2-dependent upregulation of antioxidative enzymes, and modulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway were identified as mechanisms leading to neuroprotection and the survival of dopaminergic cells. The neuroprotective effect of IGF-II against MPP + -neurotoxicity on dopaminergic neurons depends on the specific IGF-II receptor (IGF-IIr). In the mouse model, IGF-II prevents behavioural dysfunction and dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway degeneration and mitigates neuroinflammation induced by MPP+. Our work demonstrates that hampering oxidative stress and normalising mitochondrial function through the interaction of IGF-II with its specific IGF-IIr are neuroprotective in both neuronal and mouse models. Thus, the modulation of the IGF-II/IGF-IIr signalling pathway may be a useful therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of PD. IGF-II hampers oxidative damage and promotes survival in a cellular model of PD. IGF-II avoids mitochondrial damage in dopaminergic cells in a model of PD. IGF-II receptor mediates the neuroprotective effect of IGF-II in a cellular model of PD. IGF-II prevents nigrostriatal degeneration and inflammation in a mice model of PD. IGF-II prevents behavioural dysfunction in a mice model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Martín-Montañez
- Departamento de Farmacología y Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Malaga, 29010, Spain
| | - Nadia Valverde
- Departamento de Farmacología y Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Malaga, 29010, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Malaga, 29010, Spain
| | - David Ladrón de Guevara-Miranda
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Malaga, 29010, Spain
| | - Estrella Lara
- Departamento de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Malaga, 29010, Spain
| | - Yanina S Romero-Zerbo
- Departamento de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Malaga, 29010, Spain
| | - Carmelo Millon
- Departamento de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Malaga, 29010, Spain
| | - Federica Boraldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita. Patologia Generale.Universita di Modena e Reggio Emilia. 41125, Italy
| | - Fabiola Ávila-Gámiz
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Malaga, 29010, Spain
| | - Ana M Pérez-Cano
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Malaga, 29010, Spain
| | - Pablo Garrido-Gil
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CiMUS) y Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED-Madrid). Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Spain
| | - Jose Luis Labandeira-Garcia
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CiMUS) y Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED-Madrid). Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Spain
| | - Luis J Santin
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Malaga, 29010, Spain
| | - Jose Pavia
- Departamento de Farmacología y Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Malaga, 29010, Spain.
| | - Maria Garcia-Fernandez
- Departamento de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Malaga, 29010, Spain.
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Nrf2 as a potential target for Parkinson's disease therapy. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:917-931. [PMID: 33844027 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02071-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder featuring both motor and nonmotor symptoms associated with a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Conventionally, PD treatment options have focused on dopamine replacement and provide only symptomatic relief. However, disease-modifying therapies are still unavailable. Mechanistically, genetic and environmental factors can produce oxidative stress which has been implicated as a core contributor to the initiation and progression of PD through the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Importantly, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is essential for maintaining redox homeostasis by binding to the antioxidant response element which exists in the promoter regions of most genes coding for antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, protein kinase C, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and phosphotidylinositol 3-kinase have been implicated in the regulation of Nrf2 activity during PD. Here, we review the evidence supporting the regulation of Nrf2 through Keap1-dependent and Keap1-independent mechanisms. We also address that targeting Nrf2 may provide a therapeutic option to mitigate oxidative stress-associated PD. Finally, we discuss currently known classes of small molecule activators of Nrf2, including Nrf2-activating compounds in PD.
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Zeng J, Zheng S, Chen Y, Qu Y, Xie J, Hong E, Lv H, Ding R, Feng L, Xie Z. Puerarin attenuates intracerebral hemorrhage-induced early brain injury possibly by PI3K/Akt signal activation-mediated suppression of NF-κB pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:7809-7824. [PMID: 34180121 PMCID: PMC8358853 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) can induce intensively oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and brain cell apoptosis. However, currently, there is no highly effective treatment available. Puerarin (PUE) possesses excellent neuroprotective effects by suppressing the NF‐κB pathway and activating the PI3K/Akt signal, but its role and related mechanisms in ICH‐induced early brain injury (EBI) remain unclear. In this study, we intended to observe the effects of PUE and molecular mechanisms on ICH‐induced EBI. ICH was induced in rats by collagenase IV injection. PUE was intraperitoneally administrated alone or with simultaneously intracerebroventricular injection of LY294002 (a specific inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt signal). Neurological deficiency, histological impairment, brain edema, hematoma volume, blood–brain barrier destruction, and brain cell apoptosis were evaluated. Western blot, immunohistochemistry staining, reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay were performed. PUE administration at 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg could significantly reduce ICH‐induced neurological deficits and EBI. Moreover, PUE could notably restrain ICH‐induced upregulation of the NF‐κB pathway, pro‐inflammatory cytokines, ROS level, and apoptotic pathway and activate the PI3K/Akt signal. However, LY294002 delivery could efficaciously weaken these neuroprotective effects of PUE. Overall, PUE could attenuate ICH‐induced behavioral defects and EBI possibly by PI3K/Akt signal stimulation‐mediated inhibition of the NF‐κB pathway, and this made PUE a potential candidate as a promising therapeutic option for ICH‐induced EBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yizhao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoming Qu
- Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Enhui Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongzhu Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chenzhou No. 1 People's Hospital, Chenzhou, China
| | - Zhichong Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Aromatic-Turmerone Analogs Protect Dopaminergic Neurons in Midbrain Slice Cultures through Their Neuroprotective Activities. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051090. [PMID: 34063571 PMCID: PMC8147616 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The inflammatory activation of microglia participates in dopaminergic neurodegeneration in PD. Therefore, chemicals that inhibit microglial activation are considered to have therapeutic potential for PD. Aromatic (ar)-turmerone is a main component of turmeric oil extracted from Curcuma longa and has anti-inflammatory activity in cultured microglia. The aims of the present study are (1) to investigate whether naturally occurring S-enantiomer of ar-turmerone (S-Tur) protects dopaminergic neurons in midbrain slice cultures and (2) to examine ar-turmerone analogs that have higher activities than S-Tur in inhibiting microglial activation and protecting dopaminergic neurons. R-enantiomer (R-Tur) and two analogs showed slightly higher anti-inflammatory effects in microglial BV2 cells. S- and R-Tur and these two analogs reversed dopaminergic neurodegeneration triggered by microglial activation in midbrain slice cultures. Unexpectedly, this neuroprotection was independent of the inhibition of microglial activation. Additionally, two analogs more potently inhibited dopaminergic neurodegeneration triggered by a neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, than S-Tur. Taken together, we identified two ar-turmerone analogs that directly and potently protected dopaminergic neurons. An investigation using dopaminergic neuronal precursor cells suggested the possible involvement of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in this neuroprotection.
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