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Zhang A, Wang X, Fan M, Guan Y, Jiang Y, Jin S, Liu L, Huangfu H, Song C. Lycopene alleviates zearalenone-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in mice kidneys. Toxicon 2024; 249:108078. [PMID: 39181415 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of lycopene on renal damage caused by zearalenone (ZEN). Male Kunming mice were treated daily for 4 weeks by intragastric administration with 40 mg/kg ZEN in the presence or absence of lycopene (2.5 or 5 mg/kg). The results showed that lycopene markedly alleviated the damage of renal structure and function in mice induced by ZEN, as indicated by the reduced degree of pathological damage and the decreased levels of urea nitrogen and creatinine. Meanwhile, results of dihydroethidine (DHE) staining and biochemical markers revealed that ZEN exposure notably increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), decreased the level of GSH, and reduced the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Administration of lycopene alleviated the increased oxidative stress induced by ZEN. Moreover, ZEN ingestion notably resulted in apoptosis, increased the protein levels of BCL2 associated X protein (Bax) and cleaved caspase-3, and decreased the protein levels of apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (Bcl-2), which were reversed by lycopene intervention. Results of immunofluorescence demonstrated that lycopene reversed ZEN-induced the upregulation of NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), Caspase-1, and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in mice kidneys. Lycopene supplementation could alleviate ZEN-induced renal toxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress, apoptosis, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiguo Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, No.6 Longzihu North road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, No.6 Longzihu North road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Mingming Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, No.6 Longzihu North road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Yibo Guan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, No.6 Longzihu North road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Yuchen Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, No.6 Longzihu North road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Shuangxing Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, No.6 Longzihu North road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Lingling Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, No.6 Longzihu North road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Heping Huangfu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, No.6 Longzihu North road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Chao Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, No.6 Longzihu North road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
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Li Z, Ma T, Liu Y, Liu W, Zhao X, Zhang G, Wang J, Zhang Y. Screening and Mechanism Study of Three Antagonistic Drugs, Oxysophoridine, Rutin, and Phellodendrine, against Zearalenone-Induced Reproductive Toxicity in Ovine Oocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:752. [PMID: 38929191 PMCID: PMC11201285 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a common fungal toxin with reproductive toxicity in various grains. It poses a serious threat to ovine and other animal husbandry industries, as well as human reproductive health. Therefore, investigating the mechanism of toxicity and screening antagonistic drugs are of great importance. In this study, based on the natural compound library and previous Smart-seq2 results, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic drugs were selected for screening as potential antagonistic drugs. Three natural plant compounds (oxysophoridine, rutin, and phellodendrine) were screened for their ability to counteract the reproductive toxicity of ZEN on ovine oocytes in vitro using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and reactive oxygen species detection. The compounds exhibited varying pharmacological effects, notably impacting the expression of antioxidant (GPX, SOD1, and SOD2), autophagic (ATG3, ULK2, and LC3), and apoptotic (CAS3, CAS8, and CAS9) genes. Oxysophoridine promoted GPX, SOD1, ULK2, and LC3 expression, while inhibiting CAS3 and CAS8 expression. Rutin promoted SOD2 and ATG3 expression, and inhibited CAS3 and CAS9 expression. Phellodendrine promoted SOD2 and ATG3 expression, and inhibited CAS9 expression. However, all compounds promoted the expression of genes related to cell cycle, spindle checkpoint, oocyte maturation, and cumulus expansion factors. Although the three drugs had different regulatory mechanisms in enhancing antioxidant capacity, enhancing autophagy, and inhibiting cell apoptosis, they all maintained a stable intracellular environment and a normal cell cycle, promoted oocyte maturation and release of cumulus expansion factors, and, ultimately, counteracted ZEN reproductive toxicity to promote the in vitro maturation of ovine oocytes. This study identified three drugs that antagonize the reproductive toxicity of ZEN on ovine oocytes, and compared their mechanisms of action, providing data support and a theoretical basis for their subsequent application in the ovine breeding industry, reducing losses in the breeding industry, screening of ZEN reproductive toxicity antagonists and various toxin antagonists, improving the study of ZEN reproductive toxicity mechanisms, and even protection of human reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongshuai Li
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (T.M.); (W.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Tian Ma
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (T.M.); (W.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yali Liu
- Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China;
| | - Wanruo Liu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (T.M.); (W.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xingxu Zhao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (T.M.); (W.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
| | - Jianlin Wang
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (T.M.); (W.L.); (X.Z.)
- Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
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Singh V, Mandal P, Chauhan SS, Saifi IJ, Marhaba, Sandeep PV, Jagdale P, Ayanur A, Ansari KM. Chronic exposure to Zearalenone leads to endometrial hyperplasia in CD-1 mice by altering the inflammatory markers. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae055. [PMID: 38645625 PMCID: PMC11031408 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Zearalenone (ZEA), a natural food contaminant, is reported to act as a mycoestrogen due to its estrogen-mimicking properties. According to studies, ZEA has a greater potential for estrogenic activity compared to any other naturally occurring non-steroidal estrogen. ZEA has been found in the endometrium of individuals with reproductive problems and the serum of children facing early puberty. These studies suggested a possible link between ZEA exposure and endometrial toxicity; nonetheless, no thorough research has been done. This study assessed the endometrium's response to chronic ZEA exposure. Methods Four groups of CD-1 female mice were exposed to control, estradiol (E2), and two different doses of ZEA for 90 days. At the end of treatment, blood and uterus were collected, and samples were used for inflammatory cytokines level, immunochemical, histopathological, and biophysical analysis. Results Our data indicated that the uterus showed a change in body/organ weight ratio, while other organs did not have any notable changes. Immunochemical and histological studies showed hyperplasia and a higher number of glands in the endometrium after ZEA and E2 exposure. Similarly, proliferation markers such as proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Ki-67, and inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and interferon-gamma (IFN-?) levels were found to be higher in the E2 and ZEA-exposed groups. Conclusion Our finding conclude that ZEA targets the uterus and cause inflammation due to increased levels of inflammatory cytokines and proliferation mediators, as well as systemic toxicity denoted by a strong binding affinity with serum proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Singh
- Food Toxicology Laboratory, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Payal Mandal
- Food Toxicology Laboratory, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shweta Singh Chauhan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Computational Toxicology Facility, Toxicoinformatics and Industrial Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ishrat Jahan Saifi
- Food Toxicology Laboratory, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Marhaba
- Food Toxicology Laboratory, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P V Sandeep
- Food Toxicology Laboratory, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaj Jagdale
- Central Pathology Facility, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anjaneya Ayanur
- Central Pathology Facility, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kausar Mahmood Ansari
- Food Toxicology Laboratory, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Sun N, Haseeb A, Sun P, Zhang H, Zhong J, Yin W, Fan K, Yang H, Zhang Z, Sun Y, Hu P, Li H. Scutellarin targets Wnt5a against zearalenone-induced apoptosis in mouse granulosa cells in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 464:132917. [PMID: 37979429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) poses severe reproductive toxicity to both humans and animals. Scutellarin has been demonstrated to rescue ZEA-induced apoptosis in mouse ovarian granulosa cells (GCs), but its specific targets remain unclear. In the present study, the potential targets of scutellarin were determined to clarify the mechanisms of scutellarin against ZEA-induced ovarian damage. 287 targets of scutellarin in mouse ovarian GCs were obtained by magnetic nano-probe-based fishing assay and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Wnt5a had the lowest binding free energy with scutellarin at - 8.3 kcal/mol. QRT-PCR and western blot showed that scutellarin significantly increased the Wnt5a and β-catenin expression compared with the ZEA-treated group, and cleaved-caspase-3 expression was significantly increased in the scutellarin-treated group after interfering with the expression of Wnt5a. The affinity constant (KD) of Wnt5a and scutellarin was 1.7 × 10-5 M. The pull-down assay also demonstrated that scutellarin could specifically bind to Wnt5a protein. Molecular docking results showed that scutellarin could form hydrogen bonds with TRY52, GLN56, and SER90 on Wnt5a protein, and western blot assay confirmed SER90 was an important site for the binding. Scutellarin significantly increased Wnt5a and β-catenin expression and decreased cleaved-caspase-3 expression in ovarian tissues of mice. In conclusion, scutellarin exerted anti-apoptotic effects on ZEA-induced mouse ovarian GCs by targeting Wnt5a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Sun
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Abdul Haseeb
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Panpan Sun
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Jia Zhong
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Kuohai Fan
- Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Huizhen Yang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhenbiao Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Yaogui Sun
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Panpan Hu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Hongquan Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China.
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Yang G, Yang Q, Beta T, Liu Q, Zhu Z, Shen F. Protective effects of melanoidins from black garlic on zearalenone-induced toxicity in zebrafish embryonic developmental model. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 276:109789. [PMID: 37951285 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN), a ubiquitous mycotoxin that widely occurs in grain and foodstuff may induce serious toxic effects after accumulation in vivo. Melanoidins (MLDs) have shown multiple bio-functional properties such as antioxidant, anti-bacterial and prebiotic activities. Black garlic exhibits several advantages over fresh garlic related to health improvement. In this study, the alleviative effects of black garlic MLDs on ZEN-induced toxicity and the potential mechanisms were studied using zebrafish embryonic developmental model. The results showed that MLDs restored the ZEN-induced adverse influences on zebrafish embryonic development, including delay in hatching time, morphological abnormality and the impairment of nervous development. Further studies showed that MLDs significantly inhibited the ZEN-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhanced the intrinsic antioxidant ability by increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) and the content of glutathione (GSH). In addition, co-exposure of MLDs significantly inhibited the ZEN-stimulated cellular apoptosis in zebrafish larvae through down-regulation of pro-apoptotic genes of bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9 and up-regulation of anti-apoptotic gene bcl-2. Moreover, MLDs inhibited the in vivo accumulation of ZEN in zebrafish larvae. To sum up, MLDs attenuated the ZEN-induced zebrafish embryonic developmental toxicity through suppression of the oxidative stress and intervention on mitochondria apoptosis pathway as well as inhibiting the absorption of ZEN in zebrafish embryos/larvae. The results suggest that black garlic MLDs have potential to be used as a functional ingredient against the adverse effects of exogenous toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchao Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China. https://twitter.com/Guangchao666
| | - Qian Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Trust Beta
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Qin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Zhenzhu Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fei Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
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Cai J, Yuan X, Sun Y, Chen J, Li P, Yang S, Long M. Bacillus velezensis A2 Can Protect against Damage to IPEC-J2 Cells Induced by Zearalenone via the Wnt/FRZB/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:44. [PMID: 38251260 PMCID: PMC10818814 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) has adverse effects on human and animal health, and finding effective strategies to combat its toxicity is essential. The probiotic Bacillus velezensis A2 shows various beneficial physiological functions, including the potential to combat fungal toxins. However, the detailed mechanism by which the Bacillus velezensis A2 strain achieves this protective effect is not yet fully revealed. This experiment was based on transcriptome data to study the protective mechanism of Bacillus velezensis A2 against ZEA-induced damage to IPEC-J2 cells. The experiment was divided into CON, A2, ZEA, and A2+ZEA groups. This research used an oxidation kit to measure oxidative damage indicators, the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) method to detect cell apoptosis, flow cytometry to determine the cell cycle, and transcriptome sequencing to screen and identify differentially expressed genes. In addition, gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were adopted to screen out relevant signaling pathways. Finally, to determine whether A2 can alleviate the damage caused by ZEA to cells, the genes and proteins involved in inflammation, cell apoptosis, cell cycles, and related pathways were validated using a quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot methods. Compared with the CON group, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the ZEA group increased significantly (p < 0.01), while the levels of antioxidant enzyme activity, total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and catalase (CAT) decreased significantly (p < 0.01). Compared with the ZEA group, the A2+ZEA group showed a significant decrease in ROS and MDA levels (p < 0.01), while the levels of T-SOD, GSH-PX, T-AOC, and CAT increased significantly (p < 0.01). TUNEL and cell cycle results indicated that compared with the ZEA group, the A2+ZEA group demonstrated a significant decrease in the cell apoptosis rate (p < 0.01), and the cell cycle was restored. Combining transcriptome data, qRT-PCR, and Western blot, the results showed that compared with the CON group, the mRNA and protein expression levels of Wnt10 and β-catenin increased significantly (p < 0.01), while the expression level of FRZB decreased significantly (p < 0.01); compared with the ZEA group, the expression levels of these mRNA and proteins were reversed. Bacillus velezensis A2 can increase the antioxidant level, reduce inflammatory damage, decrease cell apoptosis, and correct the cell cycle when that damage is being caused by ZEA. The protective mechanism may be related to the regulation of the Wnt/FRZB cell/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Miao Long
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (J.C.); (X.Y.); (Y.S.); (J.C.); (P.L.); (S.Y.)
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Lisieska-Żołnierczyk S, Gajęcka M, Dąbrowski M, Zielonka Ł, Gajęcki MT. A Cohort Study Investigating Zearalenone Concentrations and Selected Steroid Levels in Patients with Sigmoid Colorectal Cancer or Colorectal Cancer. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 16:15. [PMID: 38251232 PMCID: PMC10821418 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
THE AIM In this study was to determine if sigmoid colorectal cancer (SCC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) in women (W) and men (M) is accompanied by zearalenone (ZEN) mycotoxicosis and changes in selected steroid levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cohort study was conducted on female and male patients selected from a population based on the presence of SCC or CRC, which was accompanied by the presence or absence (control group) of ZEN in their blood. The control group consisted of 17 patients with symptoms of SCC and CRC, where ZEN and its metabolites were not detected in the peripheral blood. The experimental groups comprised a total of 16 patients with SCC and CRC, where ZEN, but not its metabolites, was detected in their peripheral blood samples. RESULTS In groups SCC and CRC, the ZEN levels were very high, in the range from 214 to 289 ng/mL of blood. Considerable variations were observed in the concentrations of steroid hormones. Estradiol (E2) levels ranged from 166.25 (group C) to 325 pg/mL (group CRC) in women and from 98 (group C) to 95.5 pg/mL (group CRC) in men. Progesterone (P4) levels ranged from 12.09 (group C) to 13.64 ng/mL (group SCC) in women and from 6.98 (group CRC) to 12.01 ng/mL (group C) in men. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that post-menopausal women and similarly aged elderly men have a high and individualized demand for estrogen that is relatively effectively met by ZEN, which triggers qualitative changes in estrogen receptors. The shortage of ZEN metabolites (values under the sensitivity of the method) confirmed the high estrogen demand in the studied subjects. The presence or absence of ZEN could have influenced the therapeutic outcomes in the analyzed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Lisieska-Żołnierczyk
- Independent Public Health Care Centre of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, and the Warmia and Mazury Oncology Centre in Olsztyn, Wojska Polskiego 37, 10-228 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Gajęcka
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.D.); (Ł.Z.); (M.T.G.)
| | - Michał Dąbrowski
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.D.); (Ł.Z.); (M.T.G.)
| | - Łukasz Zielonka
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.D.); (Ł.Z.); (M.T.G.)
| | - Maciej T. Gajęcki
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.D.); (Ł.Z.); (M.T.G.)
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Wang C, Fu Y, Wang R, Wang Q, Yu H, Zhang J. Quercetin Attenuates the Combined Effects of Zearalenone and Lipopolysaccharide on IPEC-J2 Cell Injury through Activating the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:679. [PMID: 38133183 PMCID: PMC10748267 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15120679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin with an estrogen-like effect that is widely found in feed. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) derived from Gram-negative bacteria are a common endotoxin, and both toxins have effects on human and livestock health. During animal feeding, ZEA as an exotoxin and LPS as an endotoxin have the potential to co-exist in organisms. At present, other studies have only focused on the hazards of single toxins, but there are fewer studies on the coexistence and interaction between ZEA and LPS. Therefore, a further study to investigate the combined toxic effects of different concentrations of ZEA and LPS is warranted. Quercetin (QUE) is a natural flavonoid compound with strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is unclear whether QUE can mitigate the combined effects of ZEA and LPS. IPEC-J2, isolated from the jejunum of non-breastfed neonatal piglets, is an ideal model for the study of epithelial cell transport, intestinal bacterial interactions, and the nutrient modulation of intestinal function. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to demonstrate the effect of QUE in alleviating the combined toxic effect of ZEA and LPS on IPEC-J2 cell damage. Cell viability was measured after treating IPEC-J2 cells sequentially with 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, and 100 μM ZEA, 1, 10, 50, and 100 μg/mL LPS, and 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 200 μM QUE for 24 h. Based on the cell viability results, 20 μM ZEA and 1 μg/mL LPS were selected as the most suitable concentrations for further analysis. For QUE, 20 μM increased the cell viability, while 40-200 μM QUE decreased the cell viability. Therefore, for the subsequent study, 20 μM QUE was selected in combination with 20 μM ZEA and 1 μg/mL LPS. The results showed that QUE increased the cellular viability and decreased the LDH content more compared to the effects of the ZEA+LPS group. At the gene level, QUE addition up-regulated the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, SOD2, and NQO1 at the gene or protein level compared to those of the ZEA+LPS group. The measurement of tight junction-related genes and proteins showed QUE up-regulated the expression of Claudin, ZO-1, and Occludin genes and proteins more than in the ZEA+LPS group. QUE addition reduced the rate of apoptosis more than that in the ZEA+LPS group. The expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax were examined at the gene level, and QUE addition significantly reduced the Bax gene expression level compared to that of the ZEA+LPS group, but there was no apparent variation in the expression level of Bcl-2. In summary, QUE can alleviate the combined toxic effects of ZEA and LPS on IPEC-J2 cells via modulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway, up-regulating the expression of antioxidative genes, and enhancing the intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqi Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Feed and Feeding in the Northeastern Frigid Area, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (C.W.); (R.W.); (Q.W.); (H.Y.)
| | - Yurong Fu
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation Physiology and Green Production, Shijiazhuang 050035, China;
| | - Ruqi Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Feed and Feeding in the Northeastern Frigid Area, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (C.W.); (R.W.); (Q.W.); (H.Y.)
| | - Qiyuan Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Feed and Feeding in the Northeastern Frigid Area, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (C.W.); (R.W.); (Q.W.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hao Yu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Feed and Feeding in the Northeastern Frigid Area, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (C.W.); (R.W.); (Q.W.); (H.Y.)
| | - Jing Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Feed and Feeding in the Northeastern Frigid Area, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (C.W.); (R.W.); (Q.W.); (H.Y.)
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