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Santos BV, de Souza J, Zeny MS, Santos MLSF, do Valle DA. Phenotypic/Genotypic Profile of Children with Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis in Southern Brazil. Neuropediatrics 2024. [PMID: 38857616 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1787706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (CLNs) are a group of lysosomal storage disorders of genetic origin, characterized by progressive neurodegeneration and intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent lipopigment. Thirteen genes related to CLNs are currently described, showing genetic and allelic heterogeneity, most of them with an autosomal recessive pattern. Due to the few descriptions of cases related to CLNs in Brazil, it is necessary to describe the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of these patients. This study aims to evaluate the genotypic profile and correlate it with the phenotypic characteristics of patients with CLN in a children's hospital. METHODS This study was performed as a descriptive cross-sectional study with analysis of medical records, imaging, and laboratory tests of patients who had a confirmed molecular diagnosis of CLN. RESULTS The sample consisted of 11 patients from nine families with different subtypes of CLNs (CLN2, 5, 6, 7, and 8), with CLN2 being the most prevalent in the study. A total of 16 mutation variants were identified in genes associated with the five CLNs described in this study, with typical and atypical clinical phenotypes depending on the subtype and its variants. CONCLUSION Novel mutations identified in the patients in this study showed phenotypes of rapid and severe progression in the CLN2 patient and similar characteristics in CLN6 and CLN7 patients, as previously described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josiane de Souza
- Departament of Medical Genetic, Hospital Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Michelle Silva Zeny
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Oda K, Dunn BM, Wlodawer A. Serine-Carboxyl Peptidases, Sedolisins: From Discovery to Evolution. Biochemistry 2022; 61:1643-1664. [PMID: 35862020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sedolisin is a proteolytic enzyme, listed in the peptidase database MEROPS as a founding member of clan SB, family S53. This enzyme, although active at low pH, was originally shown not to be inhibited by an aspartic peptidase specific inhibitor, S-PI (pepstatin Ac). In this Perspective, the S53 family is described from the moment of original identification to evolution. The representative enzymes of the family are sedolisin, kumamolisin, and TPP-1. They exhibit the following unique features. (1) The fold of the molecule is similar to that of subtilisin, but the catalytic residues consist of a triad, Ser/Glu/Asp, that is unlike the Ser/His/Asp triad of subtilisin. (2) The molecule is expressed as a pro-form composed of the amino-terminal prosegment and the active domain. Additionally, some members of this family have an additional, carboxy-terminal prosegment. (3) Their optimum pH for activity is in the acidic region, not in the neutral to alkaline region where subtilisin is active. (4) Their distribution in nature is very broad across the three kingdoms of life. (5) Some of these enzymes from fungi and bacteria are pathogens to plants. (6) Some of them have significant potential applications for industry. (7) The lack of a TPP-1 gene in human brain is the cause of incurable juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (Batten's disease).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Oda
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Ben M Dunn
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0245, United States
| | - Alexander Wlodawer
- Center for Structural Biology, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
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Orts F, Ten Have A. Structure-function analysis of Sedolisins: evolution of tripeptidyl peptidase and endopeptidase subfamilies in fungi. BMC Bioinformatics 2018; 19:464. [PMID: 30514213 PMCID: PMC6278154 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-018-2404-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sedolisins are acid proteases that are related to the basic subtilisins. They have been identified in all three superkingdoms but are not ubiquitous, although fungi that secrete acids as part of their lifestyle can have up to six paralogs. Both TriPeptidyl Peptidase (TPP) and endopeptidase activity have been identified and it has been suggested that these correspond to separate subfamilies. Results We studied eukaryotic sedolisins by computational analysis. A maximum likelihood tree shows one major clade containing non-fungal sequences only and two major as well as two minor clades containing only fungal sequences. One of the major fungal clades contains all known TPPs whereas the other contains characterized endosedolisins. We identified four Cluster Specific Inserts (CSIs) in endosedolisins, of which CSIs 1, 3 and 4 appear as solvent exposed according to structure modeling. Part of CSI2 is exposed but a short stretch forms a novel and partially buried α-helix that induces a conformational change near the binding pocket. We also identified a total of 15 specificity determining positions (SDPs) of which five, identified in two independent analyses, form highly connected SDP sub-networks. Modeling of virtual mutants suggests a key role for the W307A or F307A substitution. The remaining four key SDPs physically interact at the interface of the catalytic domain and the enzyme’s prosegment. Modeling of virtual mutants suggests these SDPs are indeed required to compensate the conformational change induced by CSI2 and the A307. One of the two small fungal clades concerns a subfamily that contains 213 sequences, is mostly similar to the major TPP subfamily but differs, interestingly, in position 307, showing mostly isoleucine and threonine. Conclusions Analysis confirms there are at least two sedolisin subfamilies in fungi: TPPs and endopeptidases, and suggests a third subfamily with unknown characteristics. Sequence and functional diversification was centered around buried SDP307 and resulted in a conformational change of the pocket. Mutual Information network analysis forms a useful instrument in the corroboration of predicted SDPs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12859-018-2404-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Facundo Orts
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas (IIB-CONICET-UNMdP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CC 1245, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Arjen Ten Have
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas (IIB-CONICET-UNMdP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CC 1245, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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Mahmood F, Fu S, Cooke J, Wilson SW, Cooper JD, Russell C. A zebrafish model of CLN2 disease is deficient in tripeptidyl peptidase 1 and displays progressive neurodegeneration accompanied by a reduction in proliferation. Brain 2013; 136:1488-507. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awt043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kohan R, Noelia Carabelos M, Xin W, Sims K, Guelbert N, Adriana Cismondi I, Pons P, Alonso GI, Troncoso M, Witting S, Pearce DA, de Kremer RD, Oller-Ramírez AM, de Halac IN. Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type CLN2: a new rationale for the construction of phenotypic subgroups based on a survey of 25 cases in South America. Gene 2013; 516:114-21. [PMID: 23266810 PMCID: PMC3855401 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tripeptidyl-peptidase 1 (TPP1) null or residual activity occurs in neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) with underlying TPP1/CLN2 mutations. A survey of 25 South American CLN2 affected individuals enabled the differentiation of two phenotypes: classical late-infantile and variant juvenile, each in approximately 50% of patients, with residual TPP1 activity occurring in approximately 32%. Each individual was assigned to one of three subgroups: (I) n=11, null TPP1 activity in leukocytes; (II) n=8, residual TPP1 activity of 0.60-15.85 nmol/h/mg (nr 110-476); (III) n=6, activity not measured in leukocytes. Curvilinear bodies (CB) appeared in almost all studied CLN2 subjects; the only exceptions occurred in cases of subgroup II: two individuals had combined CBs/fingerprints (FPs), and one case had pure FPs. There were 15 mutations (4 first published in this paper, 3 previously observed in South America by our group, and 8 previously observed by others). In subgroup I, mutations were either missense or nonsense; in subgroups II and III, mutations prevailed at the non-conserved intronic site, c.887-10A>G (intron 7), and to a lesser extent at c.89+5G>C (intron 2), in heterozygous combinations. Grouping phenotypically and genetically known individuals on the basis of TPP1 activity supported the concept that residual enzyme activity underlies a protracted disease course. The prevalence of intronic mutations at non-conserved sites in subgroup II individuals indicates that some alternative splicing might allow some residual TPP1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Kohan
- Centro de Estudio de las Metabolopatías Congénitas (CEMECO), Cátedra de Clínica Pediátrica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Ferroviarios 1250, (5014) Córdoba, Argentina
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Haya de la Torre s/n, (5000) Córdoba, Argentina
- Secretaría de Ciencia y Tecnología (SECyT), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Juan Filloy s/n, (5000) Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Noelia Carabelos
- Centro de Estudio de las Metabolopatías Congénitas (CEMECO), Cátedra de Clínica Pediátrica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Ferroviarios 1250, (5014) Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Winnie Xin
- Massachussets General Hospital, Neurogenetics DNA Diagnostic Laboratory, Simches Research Building, 5 300, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, Massachussets 02114, USA
| | - Katherine Sims
- Massachussets General Hospital, Neurogenetics DNA Diagnostic Laboratory, Simches Research Building, 5 300, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, Massachussets 02114, USA
| | - Norberto Guelbert
- Centro de Estudio de las Metabolopatías Congénitas (CEMECO), Cátedra de Clínica Pediátrica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Ferroviarios 1250, (5014) Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Inés Adriana Cismondi
- Centro de Estudio de las Metabolopatías Congénitas (CEMECO), Cátedra de Clínica Pediátrica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Ferroviarios 1250, (5014) Córdoba, Argentina
- Massachussets General Hospital, Neurogenetics DNA Diagnostic Laboratory, Simches Research Building, 5 300, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, Massachussets 02114, USA
| | - Patricia Pons
- Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre esq. Enrique Barros, 1° piso, (5000) Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Graciela Irene Alonso
- Centro de Estudio de las Metabolopatías Congénitas (CEMECO), Cátedra de Clínica Pediátrica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Ferroviarios 1250, (5014) Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mónica Troncoso
- Servicio de Neuropsiquiatría Infantil. Hospital Clínico San Borja Arriarán, Avenida Santa Rosa 1234, Santiago, Chile
| | - Scarlet Witting
- Servicio de Neuropsiquiatría Infantil. Hospital Clínico San Borja Arriarán, Avenida Santa Rosa 1234, Santiago, Chile
| | - David A. Pearce
- Sanford Childrens Health Research Center, Sanford Research/USD, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Raquel Dodelson de Kremer
- Centro de Estudio de las Metabolopatías Congénitas (CEMECO), Cátedra de Clínica Pediátrica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Ferroviarios 1250, (5014) Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana María Oller-Ramírez
- Centro de Estudio de las Metabolopatías Congénitas (CEMECO), Cátedra de Clínica Pediátrica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Ferroviarios 1250, (5014) Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Inés Noher de Halac
- Centro de Estudio de las Metabolopatías Congénitas (CEMECO), Cátedra de Clínica Pediátrica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Ferroviarios 1250, (5014) Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ CABA, Argentina
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Kollmann K, Uusi-Rauva K, Scifo E, Tyynelä J, Jalanko A, Braulke T. Cell biology and function of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis-related proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:1866-81. [PMID: 23402926 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) comprise a group of inherited lysosomal disorders with variable age of onset, characterized by lysosomal accumulation of autofluorescent ceroid lipopigments, neuroinflammation, photoreceptor- and neurodegeneration. Most of the NCL-related genes encode soluble and transmembrane proteins which localize to the endoplasmic reticulum or to the endosomal/lysosomal compartment and directly or indirectly regulate lysosomal function. Recently, exome sequencing led to the identification of four novel gene defects in NCL patients and a new NCL nomenclature currently comprising CLN1 through CLN14. Although the precise function of most of the NCL proteins remains elusive, comprehensive analyses of model organisms, particularly mouse models, provided new insight into pathogenic mechanisms of NCL diseases and roles of mutant NCL proteins in cellular/subcellular protein and lipid homeostasis, as well as their adaptive/compensatorial regulation at the transcriptional level. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the expression, function and regulation of NCL proteins and their impact on lysosomal integrity. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: The Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses or Batten Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Kollmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Kuizon S, DiMaiuta K, Walus M, Jenkins EC, Kuizon M, Kida E, Golabek AA, Espinoza DO, Pullarkat RK, Junaid MA. A critical tryptophan and Ca2+ in activation and catalysis of TPPI, the enzyme deficient in classic late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11929. [PMID: 20689811 PMCID: PMC2914745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tripeptidyl aminopeptidase I (TPPI) is a crucial lysosomal enzyme that is deficient in the fatal neurodegenerative disorder called classic late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (LINCL). It is involved in the catabolism of proteins in the lysosomes. Recent X-ray crystallographic studies have provided insights into the structural/functional aspects of TPPI catalysis, and indicated presence of an octahedrally coordinated Ca2+. Methodology Purified precursor and mature TPPI were used to study inhibition by NBS and EDTA using biochemical and immunological approaches. Site-directed mutagenesis with confocal imaging technique identified a critical W residue in TPPI activity, and the processing of precursor into mature enzyme. Principal Findings NBS is a potent inhibitor of the purified TPPI. In mammalian TPPI, W542 is critical for tripeptidyl peptidase activity as well as autocatalysis. Transfection studies have indicated that mutants of the TPPI that harbor residues other than W at position 542 have delayed processing, and are retained in the ER rather than transported to lysosomes. EDTA inhibits the autocatalytic processing of the precursor TPPI. Conclusions/Significance We propose that W542 and Ca2+ are critical for maintaining the proper tertiary structure of the precursor proprotein as well as the mature TPPI. Additionally, Ca2+ is necessary for the autocatalytic processing of the precursor protein into the mature TPPI. We have identified NBS as a potent TPPI inhibitor, which led in delineating a critical role for W542 residue. Studies with such compounds will prove valuable in identifying the critical residues in the TPPI catalysis and its structure-function analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomon Kuizon
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, United States of America
| | - Kathleen DiMaiuta
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, United States of America
| | - Marius Walus
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, United States of America
| | - Edmund C. Jenkins
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, United States of America
| | - Marisol Kuizon
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Kida
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, United States of America
| | - Adam A. Golabek
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, United States of America
| | - Daniel O. Espinoza
- Department of Molecular Biology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, United States of America
| | - Raju K. Pullarkat
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, United States of America
| | - Mohammed A. Junaid
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Walus M, Kida E, Golabek AA. Functional consequences and rescue potential of pathogenic missense mutations in tripeptidyl peptidase I. Hum Mutat 2010; 31:710-21. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.21251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Kohan R, Cismondi IA, Dodelson Kremer R, Muller VJ, Guelbert N, Tapia Anzolini V, Fietz MJ, Oller Ramírez AM, Noher Halac I. An integrated strategy for the diagnosis of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis types 1 (CLN1) and 2 (CLN2) in eleven Latin American patients. Clin Genet 2009; 76:372-82. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2009.01214.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Simonati A, Cannelli N, Pezzini F, Aiello C, Bianchi M, Tessa A, Santorelli FM. Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses: many players, and more to come. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl.09.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) are the most common group of progressive neurodegenerative diseases of childhood. The overall clinical features are highly similar regardless of the age at disease manifestation, the extent and shape of abnormally stored cytosomes and the severity of clinical course, and are generally characterized by failure and regression of psychomotor development, impaired vision, seizures and fatal outcome. The expanding array of genetic etiologies and disease-associated mutations in NCL provide the basis for the heterogeneity of these clinical conditions and are the focus of this review. Less understood are the pathogenic mechanisms, but common themes and molecular pathways are now emerging and new players are expected to come into the scene of NCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Simonati
- Department of Neurological & Visual Sciences, Section of Neurology – Child Neurology & Psychiatry Unit, Policlinico GB Rossi, Piazzale LA Scuro 1, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Natalia Cannelli
- Medical Genetic, Catholic University of Rome, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy and Molecular Medicine & Neurosciences, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Pezzini
- Department of Neurological & Visual Sciences, Section of Neurology – Child Neurology & Psychiatry Unit, Policlinico GB Rossi, Piazzale LA Scuro 1, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Aiello
- Molecular Medicine & Neurosciences, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Hospital, Piazza S. Onofrio 4-00165 Rome, Italy and Department of Biology, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Bianchi
- Molecular Medicine & Neurosciences, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Hospital, Piazza S. Onofrio 4-00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Tessa
- Molecular Medicine & Neurosciences, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Hospital, Piazza S. Onofrio 4-00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo M Santorelli
- Molecular Medicine & Neurosciences, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Hospital, Piazza S. Onofrio 4-00165 Rome, Italy
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Jalanko A, Braulke T. Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2009; 1793:697-709. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2008.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2008] [Revised: 11/06/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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12
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Autefage H, Albinet V, Garcia V, Berges H, Nicolau ML, Therville N, Altié MF, Caillaud C, Levade T, Andrieu-Abadie N. Lysosomal serine protease CLN2 regulates tumor necrosis factor-alpha-mediated apoptosis in a Bid-dependent manner. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:11507-16. [PMID: 19246452 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m807151200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a highly organized, energy-dependent program by which multicellular organisms eliminate damaged, superfluous, and potentially harmful cells. Although caspases are the most prominent group of proteases involved in the apoptotic process, the role of lysosomes has only recently been unmasked. This study investigated the role of the lysosomal serine protease CLN2 in apoptosis. We report that cells isolated from patients affected with late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (LINCL) having a deficient activity of CLN2 are resistant to the toxic effect of death ligands such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), CD95 ligand, or tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) but not to receptor-independent stress agents. CLN2-deficient cells exhibited a defect in TNF-induced Bid cleavage, release of cytochrome c, and caspase-9 and -3 activation. Moreover, extracts from CLN2-overexpressing cells or a CLN2 recombinant protein were able to catalyze the in vitro cleavage of Bid. Noteworthy, correction of the lysosomal enzyme defect of LINCL fibroblasts using a medium enriched in CLN2 protein enabled restoration of TNF-induced Bid and caspase-3 processing and toxicity. Conversely, transfection of CLN2-corrected cells with small interfering RNA targeting Bid abrogated TNF-induced cell death. Altogether, our study demonstrates that genetic deletion of the lysosomal serine protease CLN2 and the subsequent loss of its catalytic function confer resistance to TNF in non-neuronal somatic cells, indicating that CLN2 plays a yet unsuspected role in TNF-induced cell death.
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Guhaniyogi J, Sohar I, Das K, Stock AM, Lobel P. Crystal structure and autoactivation pathway of the precursor form of human tripeptidyl-peptidase 1, the enzyme deficient in late infantile ceroid lipofuscinosis. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:3985-97. [PMID: 19038967 PMCID: PMC2635056 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m806943200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Revised: 11/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis is a fatal childhood neurological disorder caused by a deficiency in the lysosomal protease tripeptidyl-peptidase 1 (TPP1). TPP1 represents the only known mammalian member of the S53 family of serine proteases, a group characterized by a subtilisin-like fold, a Ser-Glu-Asp catalytic triad, and an acidic pH optimum. TPP1 is synthesized as an inactive proenzyme (pro-TPP1) that is proteolytically processed into the active enzyme after exposure to low pH in vitro or targeting to the lysosome in vivo. In this study, we describe an endoglycosidase H-deglycosylated form of TPP1 containing four Asn-linked N-acetylglucosamines that is indistinguishable from fully glycosylated TPP1 in terms of autocatalytic processing of the proform and enzymatic properties of the mature protease. The crystal structure of deglycosylated pro-TPP1 was determined at 1.85 angstroms resolution. A large 151-residue C-shaped prodomain makes extensive contacts as it wraps around the surface of the catalytic domain with the two domains connected by a 24-residue flexible linker that passes through the substrate-binding groove. The proenzyme structure reveals suboptimal catalytic triad geometry with its propiece linker partially blocking the substrate-binding site, which together serve to prevent premature activation of the protease. Finally, we have identified numerous processing intermediates and propose a structural model that explains the pathway for TPP1 activation in vitro. These data provide new insights into TPP1 function and represent a valuable resource for constructing improved TPP1 variants for treatment of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayita Guhaniyogi
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Jersey, USA
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14
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Golabek AA, Dolzhanskaya N, Walus M, Wisniewski KE, Kida E. Prosegment of tripeptidyl peptidase I is a potent, slow-binding inhibitor of its cognate enzyme. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:16497-504. [PMID: 18411270 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m800458200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripeptidyl peptidase I (TPP I) is the first mammalian representative of a family of pepstatin-insensitive serine-carboxyl proteases, or sedolisins. The enzyme acts in lysosomes, where it sequentially removes tripeptides from the unmodified N terminus of small, unstructured polypeptides. Naturally occurring mutations in TPP I underlie a neurodegenerative disorder of childhood, classic late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (CLN2). Generation of mature TPP I is associated with removal of a long prosegment of 176 amino acid residues from the zymogen. Here we investigated the inhibitory properties of TPP I prosegment expressed and isolated from Escherichia coli toward its cognate protease. We show that the TPP I prosegment is a potent, slow-binding inhibitor of its parent enzyme, with an overall inhibition constant in the low nanomolar range. We also demonstrate the protective effect of the prosegment on alkaline pH-induced inactivation of the enzyme. Interestingly, the inhibitory properties of TPP I prosegment with the introduced classic late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis disease-associated mutation, G77R, significantly differed from those revealed by wild-type prosegment in both the mechanism of interaction and the inhibitory rate. This is the first characterization of the inhibitory action of the sedolisin prosegment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam A Golabek
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314, USA.
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15
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Xu Q, Guo HB, Wlodawer A, Nakayama T, Guo H. The QM/MM molecular dynamics and free energy simulations of the acylation reaction catalyzed by the serine-carboxyl peptidase kumamolisin-As. Biochemistry 2007; 46:3784-92. [PMID: 17326662 PMCID: PMC2533263 DOI: 10.1021/bi061737p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical molecular dynamics and free energy simulations are performed to study the acylation reaction catalyzed by kumamolisin-As, a serine-carboxyl peptidase, and to elucidate the catalytic mechanism and the origin of substrate specificity. It is demonstrated that the nucleophilic attack by the serine residue on the substrate may not be the rate-limiting step for the acylation of the GPH*FF substrate. The present study also confirms the earlier suggestions that Asp164 acts as a general acid during the catalysis and that the electrostatic oxyanion hole interactions may not be sufficient to lead a stable tetrahedral intermediate along the reaction pathway. Moreover, Asp164 is found to act as a general base during the formation of the acyl-enzyme from the tetrahedral intermediate. The role of dynamic substrate assisted catalysis (DSAC) involving His at the P1 site of the substrate is examined for the acylation reaction. It is demonstrated that the bond-breaking and -making events at each stage of the reaction trigger a change of the position for the His side chain and lead to the formation of the alternative hydrogen bonds. The back and forth movements of the His side chain between the C=O group of Pro at P2 and Odelta2 of Asp164 in a ping-pong-like mechanism and the formation of the alternative hydrogen bonds effectively lower the free energy barriers for both the nucleophilic attack and the acyl-enzyme formation and may therefore contribute to the relatively high activity of kumamolisin-As toward the substrates with His at the P1 site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Hao-Bo Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Alexander Wlodawer
- Protein Structure Section, Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Toru Nakayama
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11, Aoba-yama, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: . Telephone: (865)974-3610. Fax: (865)974-6306
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16
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Kyttälä A, Lahtinen U, Braulke T, Hofmann SL. Functional biology of the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2006; 1762:920-33. [PMID: 16839750 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2006.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2006] [Revised: 05/19/2006] [Accepted: 05/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofucinoses (NCLs) are a group of severe neurodegenerative disorders characterized by accumulation of autofluorescent ceroid lipopigment in patients' cells. The different forms of NCL share many similar pathological features but result from mutations in different genes. The genes affected in NCLs encode both soluble and transmembrane proteins and are localized to ER or to the endosomes/lysosomes. Due to selective vulnerability of the central nervous system in the NCL disorders, the corresponding proteins are proposed to have important, tissue specific roles in the brain. The pathological similarities of the different NCLs have led not only to the grouping of these disorders but also to suggestion that the NCL proteins function in the same biological pathway. Despite extensive research, including the development of several model organisms for NCLs and establishment of high-throughput techniques, the precise biological function of many of the NCL proteins has remained elusive. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of the functions, or proposed functions, of the different NCL proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aija Kyttälä
- National Public Health Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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17
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Abstract
AbstractThe lysosomal lumen contains numerous acidic hydrolases involved in the degradation of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, which are basic cell components that turn over continuously within the cell and/or are ingested from outside of the cell. Deficiency in almost any of these hydrolases causes accumulation of the undigested material in secondary lysosomes, which manifests itself as a form of lysosomal storage disorder (LSD). Mutations in tripeptidyl-peptidase I (TPP I) underlie the classic late-infantile form of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (CLN2), the most common neurodegenerative disorders of childhood. TPP I is an aminopeptidase with minor endopeptidase activity and Ser475 serving as an active-site nucleophile. The enzyme is synthesized as a highly glycosylated precursor transported by mannose-6-phosphate receptors to lysosomes, where it undergoes proteolytic maturation. This review summarizes recent progress in understanding of TPP I biology and molecular pathology of the CLN2 disease process, including distribution of the enzyme, its biosynthesis, glycosylation, transport and activation, as well as catalytic mechanisms and their potential implications for pathogenesis and treatment of the underlying disease. Promising data from gene and stem cell therapy in laboratory animals raise hope that CLN2 will be the first neurodegenerative LSD for which causative treatment will become available for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam A Golabek
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA.
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18
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Bravaya K, Bochenkova A, Grigorenko B, Topol I, Burt S, Nemukhin A. Molecular Modeling the Reaction Mechanism of Serine-Carboxyl Peptidases. J Chem Theory Comput 2006; 2:1168-75. [DOI: 10.1021/ct6000686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Bravaya
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russian Federation, Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, and Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119997, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia Bochenkova
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russian Federation, Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, and Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119997, Russian Federation
| | - Bella Grigorenko
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russian Federation, Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, and Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119997, Russian Federation
| | - Igor Topol
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russian Federation, Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, and Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119997, Russian Federation
| | - Stanley Burt
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russian Federation, Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, and Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119997, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Nemukhin
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russian Federation, Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, and Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119997, Russian Federation
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19
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Guo H, Wlodawer A, Guo H. A General Acid−Base Mechanism for the Stabilization of a Tetrahedral Adduct in a Serine−Carboxyl Peptidase: A Computational Study. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:15662-3. [PMID: 16277482 DOI: 10.1021/ja0520565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The QM/MM MD and free energy simulations show that serine-carboxyl peptidases (sedolisins) may stabilize the tetrahedral intermediates and tetrahedral adducts primarily through a general acid-base mechanism involving Asp (Asp164 for kumamolisin-As) rather than the oxyanion-hole interactions as in the cases of serine proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobo Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology and Center of Excellence for Structural Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
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