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Tillis SB, Ossiboff RJ, Wellehan JFX. Serpentoviruses Exhibit Diverse Organization and ORF Composition with Evidence of Recombination. Viruses 2024; 16:310. [PMID: 38400085 PMCID: PMC10892116 DOI: 10.3390/v16020310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Serpentoviruses are a subfamily of positive sense RNA viruses in the order Nidovirales, family Tobaniviridae, associated with respiratory disease in multiple clades of reptiles. While the broadest viral diversity is reported from captive pythons, other reptiles, including colubrid snakes, turtles, and lizards of captive and free-ranging origin are also known hosts. To better define serpentoviral diversity, eleven novel serpentovirus genomes were sequenced with an Illumina MiSeq and, when necessary, completed with other Sanger sequencing methods. The novel serpentoviral genomes, along with 57 other previously published serpentovirus genomes, were analyzed alongside four outgroup genomes. Genomic analyses included identifying unique genome templates for each serpentovirus clade, as well as analysis of coded protein composition, potential protein function, protein glycosylation sites, differences in phylogenetic history between open-reading frames, and recombination. Serpentoviral genomes contained diverse protein compositions. In addition to the fundamental structural spike, matrix, and nucleoprotein proteins required for virion formation, serpentovirus genomes also included 20 previously uncharacterized proteins. The uncharacterized proteins were homologous to a number of previously characterized proteins, including enzymes, transcription factors, scaffolding, viral resistance, and apoptosis-related proteins. Evidence for recombination was detected in multiple instances in genomes from both captive and free-ranging snakes. These results show serpentovirus as a diverse clade of viruses with genomes that code for a wide diversity of proteins potentially enhanced by recombination events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven B. Tillis
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (R.J.O.); (J.F.X.W.J.)
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Sheng X, Cristea IM. The antiviral sirtuin 3 bridges protein acetylation to mitochondrial integrity and metabolism during human cytomegalovirus infection. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009506. [PMID: 33857259 PMCID: PMC8078788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of mitochondrial structure and function is a central component of infection with viruses, including human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), as a virus means to modulate cellular metabolism and immune responses. Here, we link the activity of the mitochondrial deacetylase SIRT3 and global mitochondrial acetylation status to host antiviral responses via regulation of both mitochondrial structural integrity and metabolism during HCMV infection. We establish that SIRT3 deacetylase activity is necessary for suppressing virus production, and that SIRT3 maintains mitochondrial pH and membrane potential during infection. By defining the temporal dynamics of SIRT3-substrate interactions during infection, and overlaying acetylome and proteome information, we find altered SIRT3 associations with the mitochondrial fusion factor OPA1 and acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 2 (ACAA2), concomitant with changes in their acetylation levels. Using mutagenesis, microscopy, and virology assays, we determine OPA1 regulates mitochondrial morphology of infected cells and inhibits HCMV production. OPA1 acetylation status modulates these functions, and we establish K834 as a site regulated by SIRT3. Control of SIRT3 protein levels or enzymatic activity is sufficient for regulating mitochondrial filamentous structure. Lastly, we establish a virus restriction function for ACAA2, an enzyme involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation. Altogether, we highlight SIRT3 activity as a regulatory hub for mitochondrial acetylation and morphology during HCMV infection and point to global acetylation as a reflection of mitochondrial health. Given their functions in cellular metabolism and immune responses, mitochondria are targeted and disrupted by numerous prevalent viral pathogens, including human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). To characterize mechanisms underlying mitochondrial regulation during HCMV infection in human fibroblasts, this study integrates enzyme-substrate interaction studies, mass spectrometry quantification of protein abundance and acetylation, mutagenesis, microscopy, and virology assays. These analyses establish a link between the mitochondrial acetylation status and mitochondrial structure and metabolism during HCMV infection. We demonstrate that the mitochondrial deacetylase SIRT3 acts in host defense by modulating proteins that regulate mitochondrial structure and fatty acid oxidation. SIRT3 helps to maintain mitochondrial integrity through several mechanisms, including regulation of mitochondrial pH, membrane potential, and the balance between mitochondrial fission and fusion. As excess mitochondrial acetylation is detrimental to mitochondrial metabolism, the virus-induced alterations in SIRT3 functions and mitochondrial acetylation may be linked to known HCMV pathologies, such as the metabolic syndrome and cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Sheng
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, United States of America
| | - Ileana M. Cristea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Porcine deltacoronavirus activates the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway to promote its replication. Virus Res 2020; 283:197961. [PMID: 32283129 PMCID: PMC7194644 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.197961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PDCoV activated the ERK signaling pathway irrespective of viral replication. Chemical inhibition and ERK1/2 knockdown markedly impaired PDCoV biosynthesis. Cellular and viral cholesterols were involved to PDCoV-induced ERK activation. There was no crosstalk between ERK and apoptotic pathways during PDCoV infection. PDCoV exploits the ERK cascade to complete successful viral infection.
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a newly emerged swine coronavirus that causes acute enteritis in neonatal piglets. To date, little is known about the host factors or cellular signaling mechanisms associated with PDCoV replication. Since the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway is involved in modulation of various important cellular functions, numerous DNA and RNA viruses coopt this pathway for efficient propagation. In the present study, we found that PDCoV induces the activation of ERK1/2 and its downstream substrate Elk-1 early in infection irrespective of viral biosynthesis. Chemical inhibition or knockdown of ERK1/2 significantly suppressed viral replication, whereas treatment with an ERK activator increased viral yields. Direct pharmacological inhibition of ERK activation had no effect on the viral entry process but sequentially affected the post-entry steps of the virus life cycle. In addition, pharmacological sequestration of cellular or viral cholesterol downregulated PDCoV-induced ERK signaling, highlighting the significance of the cholesterol contents in ERK activation. However, ERK inhibition had no effect on PDCoV-triggered apoptosis through activation of the cytochrome c-mediated intrinsic mitochondrial pathway, suggesting the irrelevance of ERK activation to the apoptosis pathway during PDCoV infection. Altogether, our findings indicate that the ERK signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in viral biosynthesis to facilitate the optimal replication of PDCoV.
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Shen W, Ma S, Chen W, Qi R. Rosa rugosa flavonoids alleviate myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in mice by suppressing JNK and p38 MAPK. Microcirculation 2018; 24. [PMID: 28597598 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although Rosa rugosa has been applied for preventing coronary artery disease, the pharmacological mechanism is little explored. In this study, the effects and mechanisms of Rosa rugosa flavonoids (RRF) on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI) were investigated. METHODS Mice were pretreated by intragastric administration of 600 mg/kg RRF for 7 days. Then MIRI was induced by 45 minutes coronary artery ligation and 3 hours reperfusion. Myocardial infarct size (MIS) and histopathology, activities of myocardial enzymes, and effects of RRF on inflammation and apoptosis were evaluated. RESULTS Pretreating the mice with RRF significantly reduced MIS and inhibited activity of plasma myocardial enzymes. Activity of the enzymes associated with anti-oxidation, SOD, and TEAC, and mRNA expression of NOX2 were significantly elevated. RRF pretreatment significantly decreased the translocation of p65 from the cytoplasm into the nucleus and reduced the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IL-1β. RRF pretreatment also significantly prevented the expression of caspase-3 and Bax, and increased the expression of Bcl-2. And RRF inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK. CONCLUSIONS RRF significantly inhibited MIRI through anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptosis effects, and mechanisms were associated with its inhibition on phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Zhang
- Shihezi University College of Pharmacy/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources Ministry of Education, Xinjiang, China.,Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Wanli Shen
- Shihezi University College of Pharmacy/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources Ministry of Education, Xinjiang, China.,Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Shangzhi Ma
- Shihezi University College of Pharmacy/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources Ministry of Education, Xinjiang, China.,Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Shihezi University College of Pharmacy/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources Ministry of Education, Xinjiang, China
| | - Rong Qi
- Shihezi University College of Pharmacy/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources Ministry of Education, Xinjiang, China.,Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Xu B, Xu H, Cao H, Liu X, Qin C, Zhao Y, Han X, Li H. Intermedin improves cardiac function and sympathetic neural remodeling in a rat model of post myocardial infarction heart failure. Mol Med Rep 2017. [PMID: 28627670 PMCID: PMC5562092 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has suggested that intermedin (IMD), a novel member of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) family, has a wide range of cardioprotective effects. The present study investigated the effects of long-term administration of IMD on cardiac function and sympathetic neural remodeling in heart failure (HF) rats, and studied potential underlying mechanism. HF was induced in rats by myocardial infarction (MI). Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to either saline or IMD (0.6 µg/kg/h) treatment groups for 4 weeks post-MI. Another group of sham-operated rats served as controls. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography, cardiac catheterization and plasma level of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP). Cardiac sympathetic neural remodeling was assessed by immunohistochemistical study of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and growth associated protein 43 (GAP43) immunoreactive nerve fibers. The protein expression levels of nerve growth factor (NGF), TH and GAP43 in the ventricular myocardium were studied by western blotting. Ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) was determined to evaluate the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia. Oxidative stress was assessed by detecting the activity of superoxide dismutase and the level of malondialdehyde. Compared with rats administrated with saline, IMD significantly improved cardiac function, decreased the plasma BNP level, attenuated sympathetic neural remodeling, increased VFT and suppressed oxidative stress. In conclusion, these results indicated that IMD prevents ventricle remodeling and improves the performance of a failing heart. In addition, IMD attenuated sympathetic neural remodeling and reduced the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia, which may contribute to its anti-oxidative property. These results implicate IMD as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Heng Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Chunhuan Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Yanzhou Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Han
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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Chang WH, Yan JJ, Li X, Guo HY, Liu Y. Original article. Effects of telmisartan on angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and p-ERK 1/2 phosphorylation in rat cultured cardiomyocytes. ASIAN BIOMED 2017. [DOI: 10.5372/1905-7415.0504.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy is a common complication of hypertension, and is recognized as an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Up to now, no study has been made on the effects of telmisartan on Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
Objective: Investigate the effects of telmisartan on angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK1/2) in rat-cultured cardiomyocytes.
Methods: Rat myocardial cells were cultured. Beating rates of the cardiomyocytes, cell volumes, total protein contents, protein synthesis rates, and ERK activity were measured. The phosphorylation of p-ERK1/2 was analyzed by Western blot.
Results: Treatment of cultured cardiomyocytes with telmisartan inhibited angiotensin II-induced increases in cell volume, beating rate, total protein content and protein synthesis rate. Telmisartan markedly inhibited p-ERK1/2 phosphorylation in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
Conclusion: Telmisartan could suppress cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by angiotensin II. The mechanism might be related to the inhibition of p-ERK1/2 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Han Chang
- College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071; China
| | - Jing-Jing Yan
- Nankai Hospital, Affiliation of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300100; China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Immunology and Infection Diseases, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Hai-Yan Guo
- College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071; China
| | - Yu Liu
- Nankai Hospital, Affiliation of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300100; China
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Lee C, Kim Y, Jeon JH. JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways contribute to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection. Virus Res 2016; 222:1-12. [PMID: 27215486 PMCID: PMC7114560 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PEDV infection activated p38 MAPK and JNK1/2 in vitro. UV-inactivated virus failed to induce p38 MAPK and JNK1/2 activation. Pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK or JNK activation impaired PEDV replication. SAPK cascades do not affect the apoptosis pathway during PEDV infection. PEDV exploits the p38 MAPK and JNK signaling pathways for optimal replication.
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, which are central building blocks in the intracellular signaling network, are often manipulated by viruses of diverse families to favor their replication. Among the MAPK family, the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway is known to be modulated during the infection with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV); however, involvement of stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs) comprising p38 MAPK and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) remains to be determined. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated whether activation of p38 MAPK and JNK cascades is required for PEDV replication. Our results showed that PEDV activates p38 MAPK and JNK1/2 up to 24 h post-infection, whereas, thereafter their phosphorylation levels recede to baseline levels or even fall below them. Notably, UV-irradiated inactivated PEDV, which can enter cells but cannot replicate inside them, failed to induce phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK1/2 suggesting that viral biosynthesis is essential for activation of these kinases. Treatment of cells with selective p38 or JNK inhibitors markedly impaired PEDV replication in a dose-dependent manner and these antiviral effects were found to be maximal during the early times of the infection. Furthermore, direct pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK or JNK1/2 activation resulted in a significant reduction of viral RNA synthesis, viral protein expression, and progeny release. However, independent treatments with either SAPK inhibitor did not inhibit PEDV-induced apoptotic cell death mediated by activation of mitochondrial apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) suggesting that SAPKs are irrelevant to the apoptosis pathway during PEDV infection. In summary, our data demonstrated critical roles of the p38 and JNK1/2 signaling pathways in facilitating successful viral infection during the post-entry steps of the PEDV life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhee Lee
- Animal Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youngnam Kim
- Animal Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Jeon
- Animal Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
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Liu Z, Chen JM, Huang H, Kuznicki M, Zheng S, Sun W, Quan N, Wang L, Yang H, Guo HM, Li J, Zhuang J, Zhu P. The protective effect of trimetazidine on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury through activating AMPK and ERK signaling pathway. Metabolism 2016; 65:122-30. [PMID: 26892523 PMCID: PMC4967934 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trimetazidine (TMZ) is an anti-anginal drug that has been widely used in Europe and Asia. The TMZ can optimize energy metabolism via inhibition of long-chain 3-ketoacyl CoA thiolase (3-KAT) in the heart, with subsequent decrease in fatty acid oxidation and stimulation of glucose oxidation. However, the mechanism by which TMZ aids in cardioprotection against ischemic injury has not been characterized. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an energy sensor that controls ATP supply from substrate metabolism and protects heart from energy stress. TMZ changes the cardiac AMP/ATP ratio by modulating fatty acid oxidation, thereby triggering AMPK signaling cascade that contributes to the protection of the heart from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS The mouse model of in vivo regional ischemia and reperfusion by the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was used for determination of myocardial infarction. The infarct size was compared between C57BL/6J WT mice and AMPK kinase dead (KD) transgenic mice with or without TMZ treatment. The ex vivo working heart perfusion system was used to monitor the effect of TMZ on glucose oxidation and fatty acid oxidation in the heart. RESULTS TMZ treatment significantly stimulates cardiac AMPK and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways (p<0.05 vs. vehicle group). The administration of TMZ reduces myocardial infarction size in WT C57BL/6J hearts, the reduction of myocardial infarction size by TMZ in AMPK KD hearts was significantly impaired versus WT hearts (p<0.05). Intriguingly, the administration of ERK inhibitor, PD98059, to AMPK KD mice abolished the cardioprotection of TMZ against I/R injury. The ex vivo working heart perfusion data demonstrated that TMZ treatment significantly activates AMPK signaling and modulating the substrate metabolism by shifting fatty acid oxidation to glucose oxidation during reperfusion, leading to reduction of oxidative stress in the I/R hearts. Therefore, both AMPK and ERK signaling pathways mediate the cardioprotection of TMZ against ischemic injury. The metabolic benefits of TMZ for angina patients could be due to the activation of energy sensor AMPK in the heart by TMZ administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenling Liu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Ji-Mei Chen
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Huanlei Huang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | | | - Shaoyi Zheng
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Wanqing Sun
- State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Nanhu Quan
- State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Hui Yang
- State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Hui-Ming Guo
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Ji Li
- State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
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Choi EK, Yeo JS, Park CY, Na HI, Lim JA, Lee JE, Hong SW, Park SS, Lim DG, Kwak KH. Inhibition of reactive oxygen species downregulates the MAPK pathway in rat spinal cord after limb ischemia reperfusion injury. Int J Surg 2015; 22:74-8. [PMID: 26283297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We examined the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family members, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38, in rats pinal cord after hind limb ischemia reperfusion (IR) and analyzed the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as mediators of MAPK signaling under these conditions. METHODS In experiment 1, hind limb IR rats were treated intraperitoneally with one of following agents at 30 min before reperfusion: allopurinol (4, 40 mg/kg), superoxide dismutase (SOD, 4000 U/kg), N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME, 10 mg/kg), or SOD (4000 U/kg) + l-NAME (10 mg/kg). In experiment 2, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (N-methyl-4'-pyridyl) porphyrinato iron (III) (FeTMPyP) was administered intraperitoneally (1, 3, or 10 mg/kg) 30 min before reperfusion. After 3 d reperfusion period, the spinal cord (L4-6) was harvested to investigate MAPK signaling activity. RESULTS In experiment 1, p-ERK and p-JNK levels were significantly higher in the IR group than sham group. Administration of allopurinol, SOD, l-NAME, or SOD + l-NAME significantly reduced the IR-induced increase in p-ERK and p-JNK levels. There were no significant differences in p-p38 levels. In experiment 2, FeTMPyP significantly reduced the IR-induced increase in p-ERK and p-JNK levels in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Activation of ERK and JNK in the spinal cord was induced by hind limb IR and was not accompanied by p38 activation. IR-induced MAPK phosphorylation was reduced by inhibition of superoxide, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite, indicating that ROS produced by hind limb IR mediate the activation of these signaling pathways in the spinal cord, potentially affecting distant organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyung Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Yeo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chan Yoon Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ho in Na
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jung a Lim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seong Wook Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sung-Sik Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Dong Gun Lim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hwa Kwak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
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Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation is required for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication. Virology 2015; 484:181-193. [PMID: 26115165 PMCID: PMC7111633 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly enteropathogenic coronavirus of swine that causes acute enteritis with high mortality in nursery piglets. To date, the cellular factors involved in PEDV replication have not been well defined. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) that serves as a critical component of cellular signal transduction pathways to modulate a variety of cellular functions has been shown to regulate several viral infections. In the present study, we found that PEDV activates ERK1/2 early in infection independently of viral replication. The PEDV-induced ERK1/2 activation resulted in the phosphorylation of its downstream substrate Elk-1 in infected cells. Treatment with ERK inhibitors or ERK1/2 knockdown significantly suppressed viral progeny production. Inhibition of ERK activation also diminished viral protein expression and genomic and subgenomic RNA transcription. These findings indicate that the ERK signaling pathway plays an important role in the PEDV life cycle and beneficially contributes to viral infection. PEDV infection activates the ERK signaling pathway in vitro. PEDV phosphorylates the ERK downstream substrate Elk-1. Chemical inhibition and ERK1/2 knockdown impairs the replication of PEDV. ERK activation is not associated with PEDV-induced apoptotic cell death. The ERK signaling pathway plays a central role in PEDV replication.
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Xiao J, Deng J, Lv L, Kang Q, Ma P, Yan F, Song X, Gao B, Zhang Y, Xu J. Hydrogen Peroxide Induce Human Cytomegalovirus Replication through the Activation of p38-MAPK Signaling Pathway. Viruses 2015; 7:2816-33. [PMID: 26053925 PMCID: PMC4488715 DOI: 10.3390/v7062748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a major risk factor in transplantation and AIDS patients, which induces high morbidity and mortality. These patients infected with HCMV experience an imbalance of redox homeostasis that cause accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the cellular level. H2O2, the most common reactive oxygen species, is the main byproduct of oxidative metabolism. However, the function of H2O2 on HCMV infection is not yet fully understood and the effect and mechanism of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on H2O2-stimulated HCMV replication is unclear. We, therefore, examined the effect of NAC on H2O2-induced HCMV production in human foreskin fibroblast cells. In the present study, we found that H2O2 enhanced HCMV lytic replication through promoting major immediate early (MIE) promoter activity and immediate early (IE) gene transcription. Conversely, NAC inhibited H2O2-upregulated viral IE gene expression and viral replication. The suppressive effect of NAC on CMV in an acute CMV-infected mouse model also showed a relationship between antioxidants and viral lytic replication. Intriguingly, the enhancement of HCMV replication via supplementation with H2O2 was accompanied with the activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Similar to NAC, the p38 inhibitor SB203580 inhibited H2O2-induced p38 phosphorylation and HCMV upregulation, while upregulation of inducible ROS was unaffected. These results directly relate HCMV replication to H2O2, suggesting that treatment with antioxidants may be an attractive preventive and therapeutic strategy for HCMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing 100850, China.
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27 (9) Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Jiang Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing 100850, China.
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27 (9) Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Liping Lv
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing 100850, China.
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27 (9) Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Qiong Kang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing 100850, China.
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27 (9) Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Ping Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing 100850, China.
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27 (9) Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Fan Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing 100850, China.
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27 (9) Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Xin Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing 100850, China.
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27 (9) Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Bo Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing 100850, China.
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27 (9) Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Yanyu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing 100850, China.
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27 (9) Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Jinbo Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing 100850, China.
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27 (9) Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China.
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Dong LY, Li S, Zhen YL, Wang YN, Shao X, Luo ZG. Cardioprotection of vitexin on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat via regulating inflammatory cytokines and MAPK pathway. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2014; 41:1251-66. [PMID: 24228599 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x13500845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to demonstrate myocardial protective effects and possible underlying mechanisms of vitexin on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Occluding the anterior descending artery for 30 min and restoring blood perfusion for 60 min in rat established a model of myocardial I/R. The elevation of the ST segment of Electrocardiograph (ECG) was observed. The infarct size of the rat heart was assessed by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining (TTC). LDH, CK, SOD activities and MDA content were determined. An immunohistochemical analysis was applied to measure the expression of myocardial NF-κBp65 and TNF-α. ERK/phospho-ERKand c-Jun/phospho-c-Jun protein expression was examined via Western Blot. Vitexin significantly reduced the elevation of the ST segment of ECG and myocardial infarct size. LDH and CK activities and MDA content were attenuated in serum, while SOD activity was markedly enhanced. Vitexin significantly attenuated I/R-induced increases of myocardial NF-κB and TNF-α. Moreover, Western Blot analysis presented that vitexin markedly enhanced the expression of phospho-ERK and weakened the expression of phospho-c-Jun compared to I/R group. The significant protective effect against myocardial ischemical/reperfusion injury in rat, which is exhibited by vitexin, may be related to its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects by regulating inflammatory cytokines and the MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Yi Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research and Development of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
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13
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Li ZL, Hu J, Li YL, Xue F, Zhang L, Xie JQ, Liu ZH, Li H, Yi DH, Liu JC, Wang SW. The effect of hyperoside on the functional recovery of the ischemic/reperfused isolated rat heart: potential involvement of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 57:132-40. [PMID: 23291593 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
One of the leading causes of death in the world is ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-mediated acute myocardial infarction. There are a lot of Chinese traditional patent medicines, such as Xin'an capsules, Xin Xuening tablets, and so on, which have protective effects against myocardial I/R injury and have been routinely used in treating cardiac diseases for a long time in China. Hyperoside (Hyp) is the chief component of these medicines. This study investigated the action of Hyp in isolated myocardial I/R injury, as well as its possible mechanisms. Using the Langendorff model, isolated Sprague-Dawley rat hearts were subjected to 30 min of global ischemia and 50 min of reperfusion. Cardiac function was measured, and infarct size was evaluated by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining at the end of the reperfusion. Coronary effluent was analyzed for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK). Myocardium was also measured for total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) was analyzed by Western blotting. We report for the first time that administration of Hyp before/after I/R significantly improved heart contraction and limited the infarct size and CK and LDH leakage from the damaged myocardium after I/R. The activity of SOD and the MDA content remarkably changed in the presence of Hyp as well. Phosphorylation of ERK was significantly increased in Hyp-treated hearts compared to controls (p<0.01). Hyp-induced ERK phosphorylation was inhibited by PD98059. We therefore conclude that Hyp can protect cardiomyocytes from I/R-induced oxidative stress through the activation of ERK-dependent signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-lin Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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Shi H, Yan X, Xu X, Ruan L. Molecular cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding extracellular signal-regulated kinase from Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 33:813-820. [PMID: 22884486 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is a serine/threonine-specific kinase, which is activated by downstream signaling molecules of cellular activation, cytokine and chemokine stimulation and various other stimuli. Here we cloned an ERK gene from Litopenaeus vannamei and designated it as lverk. The lverk cDNA contained an open reading frame of 1098 bp encoding 365 amino acids. LVERK had a conserved TEY motif and serine/threonine protein kinase (S_TKc) domain, and close phylogenetic relationship to Penaeus monodon and Marsupenaeus japonicus ERK. Immunofluorescence staining analysis showed that following serum stimulation LVERK was located in cytoplasm and nucleus, but phospho-LVERK was prominently in nucleus, suggesting conserved ERK signaling module occurred in shrimp cells. Then during the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection, LVERK and phospho-LVERK increased at the early stage of infection. Once silencing of lverk in vivo, the replication of WSSV was obviously inhibited. Moreover, treatment of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor in vitro could result in reduction of WSSV proliferation and delay of viral early gene transcription. Our results indicated a role of LVERK involved in WSSV infection. Understanding how WSSV influences ERK signaling pathway to dismantle an effective immune response may lead to insight into pathogenic progression and possible disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, No. 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
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15
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Lee YJ, Lee C. Stress-activated protein kinases are involved in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection and modulate virus-induced cytokine production. Virology 2012; 427:80-9. [PMID: 22424736 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the role of the p38 MAPK and JNK pathways during PRRSV infection in immortalized porcine alveolar macrophage (PAM) cells. Infection with PRRSV was found to progressively activate p38 and JNK1/2 up to 36 h postinfection and then their phosphorylation levels dramatically decreased to baseline at 48 h postinfection. In contrast, UV-inactivated PRRSV failed to trigger phosphorylation of these SAPKs, indicating that the post-entry process is responsible for their activation. Independent treatment of cells with a selective p38 or JNK inhibitor markedly impaired PRRSV infection, resulting in significant reduction in synthesis of viral genomic and subgenomic RNAs, viral protein expression, and progeny virus production. Notably, cytokine production in PAM cells infected with PRRSV was shown to be altered by inhibiting these SAPKs. Altogether, our data suggest that the p38 and JNK signaling pathways play pivotal roles in PRRSV replication and may regulate immune responses during virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jin Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
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Zhao L, Peng DQ, Zhang J, Song JQ, Teng X, Yu YR, Tang CS, Qi YF. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation is involved in intermedin1-53 attenuating myocardial oxidative stress injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion. Peptides 2012; 33:329-35. [PMID: 22244813 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 12/31/2011] [Accepted: 12/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Intermedin (IMD)(1-53) is a novel member of the calcitonin gene-related peptide superfamily and has potent cardioprotective effects against myocardial injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). To explore the mechanism of the IMD(1-53) cardioprotective effect, we studied the anti-oxidant effects of IMD(1-53) on myocardial injury induced by I/R in vivo in rat and H(2)O(2) treatment in vitro in rat cardiomyocytes. Compared with sham treatment, I/R treatment induced severe lipid peroxidation injury in rat myocardium: plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) content and myocardial LDH activity was increased by 34% and 85% (all P<0.01); Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity was reduced 80% and 86% (all P<0.01), respectively, and the protein levels of the NADPH oxidase complex subunits gp91(phox) and p47(phox) were markedly increased, by 86% (P<0.05) and 95% (P<0.01), respectively; IMD(1-53) treatment ameliorated lipid peroxidation injury: plasma MDA content and myocardial LDH activity was decreased by 30% (P<0.05) and 36% (P<0.01); Mn-SOD and CAT activity was elevated 1.0- and 4.3-fold (all P<0.01), respectively; and the protein levels of gp91(phox) and p47(phox) were reduced, by 28% and 36% (both P<0.05), respectively. Concurrently, IMD(1-53) treatment markedly promoted cell viability and inhibited apoptosis in cardiomyocytes as compared with H(2)O(2) treatment alone. Furthermore, IMD(1-53) increased the ratio of p-ERK to ERK by 66% (P<0.05) as compared with I/R alone, and the protective effect of IMD(1-53) on H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis was abolished by preincubation with PD98059, a MEK inhibitor. IMD(1-53) may improve the oxidative stress injury induced by I/R via inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species and enhancing ERK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Chen T, Guo ZP, Jiao XY, Zhang YH, Li JY, Liu HJ. Protective effects of peoniflorin against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2011; 89:445-53. [PMID: 21777057 DOI: 10.1139/y11-034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Peoniflorin (PF), extracted from the root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall., has been reported to have anti-inflammation and antioxidant effects in several animal models. Herein, we investigated the protective effects of PF against hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced oxidative damage in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were treated by H(2)O(2) (240 µmol/L) with or without PF. PF significantly increased the percent cell viability of HUVECs injured by H(2)O(2) using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. By flow cytometric analysis, PF markedly attenuated H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species production. In addition, PF also displayed a dose-dependent reduction of lactate dehydrogenase leakage, malondialdehyde formation, and caspase-3 proteolytic activities in H(2)O(2)-treated cells, which was accompanied with a restoration of the activities of endogenous antioxidants, including total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Finally, Western blot data revealed that H(2)O(2) upregulated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in HUVECs, which was almost completely reversed by PF. Taken together, our data provide the first evidence that PF has a protective ability against oxidative damage in HUVECs. PF may be a candidate medicine for the treatment of vascular diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
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CCL5, CXCL16, and CX3CL1 are associated with Henoch-Schonlein purpura. Arch Dermatol Res 2011; 303:715-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-011-1150-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Chen T, Guo ZP, Jiao XY, Jia RZ, Zhang YH, Li JY, Huang XL, Liu HJ. Peoniflorin suppresses tumor necrosis factor-α induced chemokine production in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells by blocking nuclear factor-κB and ERK pathway. Arch Dermatol Res 2010; 303:351-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-010-1116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lee YJ, Lee C. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication is suppressed by inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. Virus Res 2010; 152:50-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Revised: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Qian J, Jiang F, Wang B, Yu Y, Zhang X, Yin Z, Liu C. Ophiopogonin D prevents H2O2-induced injury in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 128:438-445. [PMID: 20083185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Revised: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Vessel endothelium injury caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) including H(2)O(2) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders. Therefore, drug targeting ROS elimination has highly clinical values in cardiovascular therapy. The plant of Radix Ophiopogon japonicus is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that has been commonly used for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases for a long history. However, the effective component mediating its beneficial effects remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated the action of Ophiopogonin D (OP-D), one of the most bioactive components of Radix Ophiopogon japonicus, in an endothelial injury model induced by H(2)O(2). MATERIALS AND METHODS Primarily cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were pretreated with increased doses of OP-D overnight and then challenged with H(2)O(2). The protective effects of OP-D against H(2)O(2) were evaluated. RESULTS We found that OP-D inhibited mRNA levels of antioxidant, inflammatory and apoptotic genes in a dose-dependent manner in HUVECs. H(2)O(2)-induced lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation were reduced by OP-D pretreatment. Mitochondrial ROS generation and cell apoptosis were also attenuated in OP-D pretreated cells. In addition, OP-D restored cellular total antioxidative capacity and inhibited the release of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, OP-D suppressed the enzymatic activity of catalase, HO-1, and caspases. Finally, OP-D blocked activation of NF-kappaB and ERK signaling cascades. CONCLUSION Our findings provide the first evidence that OP-D plays a protective role as an effective antioxidant in H(2)O(2)-induced endothelial injury. Ophiopogonin D can be therefore developed as a novel drug for the therapy of cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchun Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, #1 Wenyuan Rd, Nanjing, China
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Strandin T, Hepojoki J, Wang H, Vaheri A, Lankinen H. Hantaviruses and TNF-alpha act synergistically to induce ERK1/2 inactivation in Vero E6 cells. Virol J 2008; 5:110. [PMID: 18822184 PMCID: PMC2569924 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-5-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously reported that the apathogenic Tula hantavirus induces apoptosis in Vero E6 epithelial cells. To assess the molecular mechanisms behind the induced apoptosis we studied the effects of hantavirus infection on cellular signaling pathways which promote cell survival. We previously also observed that the Tula virus-induced cell death process is augmented by external TNF-α. Since TNF-α is involved in the pathogenesis of hantavirus-caused hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) we investigated its effects on HFRS-causing hantavirus-infected cells. Results We studied both apathogenic (Tula and Topografov) and pathogenic (Puumala and Seoul) hantaviruses for their ability to regulate cellular signaling pathways and observed a direct virus-mediated down-regulation of external signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) survival pathway activity, which was dramatically enhanced by TNF-α. The fold of ERK1/2 inhibition correlated with viral replication efficiencies, which varied drastically between the hantaviruses studied. Conclusion We demonstrate that in the presence of a cytokine TNF-α, which is increased in HFRS patients, hantaviruses are capable of inactivating proteins that promote cell survival (ERK1/2). These results imply that hantavirus-infected epithelial cell barrier functions might be compromised in diseased individuals and could at least partially explain the mechanisms of renal dysfunction and the resulting proteinuria seen in HFRS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Strandin
- Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, P,O, Box 21, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Liu CL, Xie LX, Li M, Durairajan SSK, Goto S, Huang JD. Salvianolic acid B inhibits hydrogen peroxide-induced endothelial cell apoptosis through regulating PI3K/Akt signaling. PLoS One 2007; 2:e1321. [PMID: 18091994 PMCID: PMC2117346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) is one of the most bioactive components of Salvia miltiorrhiza, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that has been commonly used for prevention and treatment of cerebrovascular disorders. However, the mechanism responsible for such protective effects remains largely unknown. It has been considered that cerebral endothelium apoptosis caused by reactive oxygen species including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is implicated in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular disorders. Methodology and Principal Findings By examining the effect of Sal B on H2O2-induced apoptosis in rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (rCMECs), we found that Sal B pretreatment significantly attenuated H2O2-induced apoptosis in rCMECs. We next examined the signaling cascade(s) involved in Sal B-mediated anti-apoptotic effects. We showed that H2O2 induces rCMECs apoptosis mainly through the PI3K/ERK pathway, since a PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) blocked ERK activation caused by H2O2 and a specific inhibitor of MEK (U0126) protected cells from apoptosis. On the other hand, blockage of the PI3K/Akt pathway abrogated the protective effect conferred by Sal B and potentated H2O2-induced apoptosis, suggesting that Sal B prevents H2O2-induced apoptosis predominantly through the PI3K/Akt (upstream of ERK) pathway. Significance Our findings provide the first evidence that H2O2 induces rCMECs apoptosis via the PI3K/MEK/ERK pathway and that Sal B protects rCMECs against H2O2-induced apoptosis through the PI3K/Akt/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Li Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li-Xia Xie
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: (JH); (ML)
| | | | - Shinya Goto
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jian-Dong Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: (JH); (ML)
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