1
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Carroll J, Watt IN, Wright CJ, Ding S, Fearnley IM, Walker JE. The inhibitor protein IF 1 from mammalian mitochondria inhibits ATP hydrolysis but not ATP synthesis by the ATP synthase complex. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105690. [PMID: 38280428 PMCID: PMC10906535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The hydrolytic activity of the ATP synthase in bovine mitochondria is inhibited by a protein called IF1, but bovine IF1 has no effect on the synthetic activity of the bovine enzyme in mitochondrial vesicles in the presence of a proton motive force. In contrast, it has been suggested based on indirect observations that human IFI inhibits both the hydrolytic and synthetic activities of the human ATP synthase and that the activity of human IF1 is regulated by the phosphorylation of Ser-14 of mature IF1. Here, we have made both human and bovine IF1 which are 81 and 84 amino acids long, respectively, and identical in 71.4% of their amino acids and have investigated their inhibitory effects on the hydrolytic and synthetic activities of ATP synthase in bovine submitochondrial particles. Over a wide range of conditions, including physiological conditions, both human and bovine IF1 are potent inhibitors of ATP hydrolysis, with no effect on ATP synthesis. Also, substitution of Ser-14 with phosphomimetic aspartic and glutamic acids had no effect on inhibitory properties, and Ser-14 is not conserved throughout mammals. Therefore, it is unlikely that the inhibitory activity of mammalian IF1 is regulated by phosphorylation of this residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Carroll
- The Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ian N Watt
- The Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte J Wright
- The Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Shujing Ding
- The Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Fearnley
- The Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John E Walker
- The Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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2
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Ukolova IV, Borovskii GB. OXPHOS Organization and Activity in Mitochondria of Plants with Different Life Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15229. [PMID: 37894910 PMCID: PMC10607765 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of the supramolecular organization of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) in various eukaryotes has led to the accumulation of a considerable amount of data on the composition, stoichiometry, and architecture of its constituent superstructures. However, the link between the features of system arrangement and the biological characteristics of the studied organisms has been poorly explored. Here, we report a comparative investigation into supramolecular and functional OXPHOS organization in the mitochondria of etiolated shoots of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), maize (Zea mays L.), and pea (Pisum sativum L.). Investigations based on BN-PAGE, in-gel activity assays, and densitometric analysis revealed both similarities and specific OXPHOS features apparently related to the life strategies of each species. Frost-resistant winter wheat was distinguished by highly stable basic I1III2IVa/b respirasomes and V2 dimers, highly active complex I, and labile complex IV, which were probably essential for effective OXPHOS adaptation during hypothermia. Maize, a C4 plant, had the highly stable dimers IV2 and V2, less active complex I, and active alternative NAD(P)H dehydrogenases. The latter fact could contribute to successful chloroplast-mitochondrial cooperation, which is essential for highly efficient photosynthesis in this species. The pea OXPHOS contained detergent-resistant high-molecular respirasomes I1-2III2IVn, highly active complexes IV and V, and stable succinate dehydrogenase, suggesting an active energy metabolism in organelles of this plant. The results and conclusions are in good agreement with the literature data on the respiratory activity of mitochondria from these species and are summarized in a proposed scheme of organization of OXPHOS fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Ukolova
- Laboratory of Physiological Genetics, Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia;
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3
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Harford AR, Devaux JBL, Hickey AJR. Dynamic defence? Intertidal triplefin species show better maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential than subtidal species at low oxygen pressures. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb245926. [PMID: 37498237 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen is essential for most eukaryotic lifeforms, as it supports mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to supply ∼90% of cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Fluctuations in O2 present a major stressor, with hypoxia leading to a cascade of detrimental physiological changes that alter cell operations and ultimately induce death. Nonetheless, some species episodically tolerate near-anoxic environments, and have evolved mechanisms to sustain function even during extended hypoxic periods. While mitochondria are pivotal in central metabolism, their role in hypoxia tolerance remains ill defined. Given the vulnerability of the brain to hypoxia, mitochondrial function was tested in brain homogenates of three closely related triplefin species with varying degrees of hypoxia tolerance (Bellapiscis medius, Forsterygion lapillum and Forsterygion varium). High-resolution respirometry coupled with fluorometric measurements of mitochondrial membrane potential (mtMP) permitted assessment of differences in mitochondrial function and integrity in response to intermittent hypoxia and anoxia. Traditional steady-state measures of respiratory flux and mtMP showed no differences among species. However, in the transition into anoxia, the tolerant species B. medius and F. lapillum maintained mtMP at O2 pressures 7- and 4.4-fold lower, respectively, than that of the hypoxia-sensitive F. varium and exhibited slower rates of membrane depolarisation. The results indicate that dynamic oxic-hypoxic mitochondria transitions underlie hypoxia tolerance in these intertidal fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice R Harford
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Jules B L Devaux
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Anthony J R Hickey
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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4
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Esparza-Perusquía M, Langner T, García-Cruz G, Feldbrügge M, Zavala G, Pardo JP, Martínez F, Flores-Herrera O. Deletion of the ATP20 gene in Ustilago maydis produces an unstable dimer of F 1F O-ATP synthase associated with a decrease in mitochondrial ATP synthesis and a high H 2O 2 production. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2023; 1864:148950. [PMID: 36509127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2022.148950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The F1FO-ATP synthase uses the energy stored in the electrochemical proton gradient to synthesize ATP. This complex is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane as a monomer and dimer. The dimer shows higher ATPase activity than the monomer and is essential for cristae folding. The monomer-monomer interface is constituted by subunits a, i/j, e, g, and k. The role of the subunit g in a strict respiratory organism is unknown. A gene knockout was generated in Ustilago maydis to study the role of subunit g on mitochondrial metabolism and cristae architecture. Deletion of the ATP20 gene, encoding the g subunit, did not affect cell growth or glucose consumption, but biomass production was lower in the mutant strain (gΔ strain). Ultrastructure observations showed that mitochondrial size and cristae shape were similar in wild-type and gΔ strains. The mitochondrial membrane potential in both strains had a similar magnitude, but oxygen consumption was higher in the WT strain. ATP synthesis was 20 % lower in the gΔ strain. Additionally, the mutant strain expressed the alternative oxidase in the early stages of growth (exponential phase), probably as a response to ROS stress. Dimer from mutant strain was unstable to digitonin solubilization, avoiding its isolation and kinetic characterization. The isolated monomeric state activated by n-dodecyl-β-D-maltopyranoside showed similar kinetic constants to the monomer from the WT strain. A decrease in mitochondrial ATP synthesis and the presence of the AOX during the exponential growth phase suggests that deletion of the g gene induces ROS stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Esparza-Perusquía
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-159, Coyoacán, 04510 México, D. F., Mexico
| | - Thorsten Langner
- Institute for Microbiology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Department of Biology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni García-Cruz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-159, Coyoacán, 04510 México, D. F., Mexico
| | - Michael Feldbrügge
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Guadalupe Zavala
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001 Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Juan Pablo Pardo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-159, Coyoacán, 04510 México, D. F., Mexico
| | - Federico Martínez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-159, Coyoacán, 04510 México, D. F., Mexico
| | - Oscar Flores-Herrera
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-159, Coyoacán, 04510 México, D. F., Mexico.
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5
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Heine KB, Parry HA, Hood WR. How does density of the inner mitochondrial membrane influence mitochondrial performance? Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 324:R242-R248. [PMID: 36572555 PMCID: PMC9902215 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00254.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Our current understanding of variation in mitochondrial performance is incomplete. The production of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation is dependent, in part, on the structure of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Morphology of the inner membrane is crucial for the formation of the proton gradient across the inner membrane and, therefore, ATP synthesis. The inner mitochondrial membrane is dynamic, changing shape and surface area. These changes alter density (amount per volume) of the inner mitochondrial membrane within the confined space of the mitochondrion. Because the number of electron transport system proteins within the inner mitochondrial membrane changes with inner mitochondrial membrane area, a change in the amount of inner membrane alters the capacity for ATP production within the organelle. This review outlines the evidence that the association between ATP synthases, inner mitochondrial membrane density, and mitochondrial density (number of mitochondria per cell) impacts ATP production by mitochondria. Furthermore, we consider possible constraints on the capacity of mitochondria to produce ATP by increasing inner mitochondrial membrane density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle B Heine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Hailey A Parry
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wendy R Hood
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
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6
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Bernardi P, Carraro M, Lippe G. The mitochondrial permeability transition: Recent progress and open questions. FEBS J 2022; 289:7051-7074. [PMID: 34710270 PMCID: PMC9787756 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Major progress has been made in defining the basis of the mitochondrial permeability transition, a Ca2+ -dependent permeability increase of the inner membrane that has puzzled mitochondrial research for almost 70 years. Initially considered an artefact of limited biological interest by most, over the years the permeability transition has raised to the status of regulator of mitochondrial ion homeostasis and of druggable effector mechanism of cell death. The permeability transition is mediated by opening of channel(s) modulated by matrix cyclophilin D, the permeability transition pore(s) (PTP). The field has received new impulse (a) from the hypothesis that the PTP may originate from a Ca2+ -dependent conformational change of F-ATP synthase and (b) from the reevaluation of the long-standing hypothesis that it originates from the adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT). Here, we provide a synthetic account of the structure of ANT and F-ATP synthase to discuss potential and controversial mechanisms through which they may form high-conductance channels; and review some intriguing findings from the wealth of early studies of PTP modulation that still await an explanation. We hope that this review will stimulate new experiments addressing the many outstanding problems, and thus contribute to the eventual solution of the puzzle of the permeability transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of PadovaItaly
| | - Michela Carraro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of PadovaItaly
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7
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Miranda-Astudillo H, Ostolga-Chavarría M, Cardol P, González-Halphen D. Beyond being an energy supplier, ATP synthase is a sculptor of mitochondrial cristae. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2022; 1863:148569. [PMID: 35577152 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2022.148569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial F1FO-ATP synthase plays a key role in cellular bioenergetics; this enzyme is present in all eukaryotic linages except in amitochondriate organisms. Despite its ancestral origin, traceable to the alpha proteobacterial endosymbiotic event, the actual structural diversity of these complexes, due to large differences in their polypeptide composition, reflects an important evolutionary divergence between eukaryotic lineages. We discuss the effect of these structural differences on the oligomerization of the complex and the shape of mitochondrial cristae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Miranda-Astudillo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcos Ostolga-Chavarría
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pierre Cardol
- InBios/Phytosystems, Institut de Botanique, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Diego González-Halphen
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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8
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Mendoza-Hoffmann F, Zarco-Zavala M, Ortega R, Celis-Sandoval H, Torres-Larios A, García-Trejo JJ. Evolution of the Inhibitory and Non-Inhibitory ε, ζ, and IF 1 Subunits of the F 1F O-ATPase as Related to the Endosymbiotic Origin of Mitochondria. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071372. [PMID: 35889091 PMCID: PMC9317440 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The F1FO-ATP synthase nanomotor synthesizes >90% of the cellular ATP of almost all living beings by rotating in the “forward” direction, but it can also consume the same ATP pools by rotating in “reverse.” To prevent futile F1FO-ATPase activity, several different inhibitory proteins or domains in bacteria (ε and ζ subunits), mitochondria (IF1), and chloroplasts (ε and γ disulfide) emerged to block the F1FO-ATPase activity selectively. In this study, we analyze how these F1FO-ATPase inhibitory proteins have evolved. The phylogeny of the α-proteobacterial ε showed that it diverged in its C-terminal side, thus losing both the inhibitory function and the ATP-binding/sensor motif that controls this inhibition. The losses of inhibitory function and the ATP-binding site correlate with an evolutionary divergence of non-inhibitory α-proteobacterial ε and mitochondrial δ subunits from inhibitory bacterial and chloroplastidic ε subunits. Here, we confirm the lack of inhibitory function of wild-type and C-terminal truncated ε subunits of P. denitrificans. Taken together, the data show that ζ evolved to replace ε as the primary inhibitor of the F1FO-ATPase of free-living α-proteobacteria. However, the ζ inhibitory function was also partially lost in some symbiotic α-proteobacteria and totally lost in some strictly parasitic α-proteobacteria such as the Rickettsiales order. Finally, we found that ζ and IF1 likely evolved independently via convergent evolution before and after the endosymbiotic origin mitochondria, respectively. This led us to propose the ε and ζ subunits as tracer genes of the pre-endosymbiont that evolved into the actual mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Mendoza-Hoffmann
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC)—Campus Tijuana, Tijuana C.P. 22390, Baja California, Mexico
- Correspondence: (F.M.-H.); (J.J.G.-T.)
| | - Mariel Zarco-Zavala
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (U.N.A.M.), Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico
| | - Raquel Ortega
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (U.N.A.M.), Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico
| | - Heliodoro Celis-Sandoval
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular (IFC), Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (U.N.A.M.), Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Torres-Larios
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular (IFC), Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (U.N.A.M.), Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico
| | - José J. García-Trejo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (U.N.A.M.), Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico
- Correspondence: (F.M.-H.); (J.J.G.-T.)
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9
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Wang H, Dou Q, Jeong KJ, Choi J, Gladyshev VN, Chung JJ. Redox regulation by TXNRD3 during epididymal maturation underlies capacitation-associated mitochondrial activity and sperm motility in mice. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102077. [PMID: 35643315 PMCID: PMC9218152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During epididymal transit, redox remodeling protects mammalian spermatozoa, preparing them for survival in the subsequent journey to fertilization. However, molecular mechanisms of redox regulation in sperm development and maturation remain largely elusive. In this study, we report that thioredoxin-glutathione reductase (TXNRD3), a thioredoxin reductase family member particularly abundant in elongating spermatids at the site of mitochondrial sheath formation, regulates redox homeostasis to support male fertility. Using Txnrd3-/- mice, our biochemical, ultrastructural, and live cell imaging analyses revealed impairments in sperm morphology and motility under conditions of TXNRD3 deficiency. We find that mitochondria develop more defined cristae during capacitation in wildtype sperm. Furthermore, we show that absence of TXNRD3 alters thiol redox status in both the head and tail during sperm maturation and capacitation, resulting in defective mitochondrial ultrastructure and activity under capacitating conditions. These findings provide insights into molecular mechanisms of redox homeostasis and bioenergetics during sperm maturation, capacitation, and fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafeng Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Qianhui Dou
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kyung Jo Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jungmin Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jean-Ju Chung
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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10
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Kühlbrandt W. Forty years in cryoEM of membrane proteins. Microscopy (Oxf) 2022; 71:i30-i50. [PMID: 35275191 PMCID: PMC8855526 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In a surprisingly short time, electron cryo-microscopy (cryoEM) has developed from a niche technique in structural biology to a mainstream method practiced in a rapidly growing number of laboratories around the world. From its beginnings about 40 years ago, cryoEM has had a major impact on the study of membrane proteins, in particular the energy-converting systems from bacterial, mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes. Early work on two-dimensional crystals attained resolutions ∼3.5 Å, but at present, single-particle cryoEM delivers much more detailed structures without crystals. Electron cryo-tomography of membranes and membrane-associated proteins adds valuable context, usually at lower resolution. The review ends with a brief outlook on future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Kühlbrandt
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue Str. 3, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
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11
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Abstract
Mitochondria are complex organelles with two membranes. Their architecture is determined by characteristic folds of the inner membrane, termed cristae. Recent studies in yeast and other organisms led to the identification of four major pathways that cooperate to shape cristae membranes. These include dimer formation of the mitochondrial ATP synthase, assembly of the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS), inner membrane remodelling by a dynamin-related GTPase (Mgm1/OPA1), and modulation of the mitochondrial lipid composition. In this review, we describe the function of the evolutionarily conserved machineries involved in mitochondrial cristae biogenesis with a focus on yeast and present current models to explain how their coordinated activities establish mitochondrial membrane architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Klecker
- Institut für Zellbiologie, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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12
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Iovine JC, Claypool SM, Alder NN. Mitochondrial compartmentalization: emerging themes in structure and function. Trends Biochem Sci 2021; 46:902-917. [PMID: 34244035 PMCID: PMC11008732 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Within cellular structures, compartmentalization is the concept of spatial segregation of macromolecules, metabolites, and biochemical pathways. Therefore, this concept bridges organellar structure and function. Mitochondria are morphologically complex, partitioned into several subcompartments by a topologically elaborate two-membrane system. They are also dynamically polymorphic, undergoing morphogenesis events with an extent and frequency that is only now being appreciated. Thus, mitochondrial compartmentalization is something that must be considered both spatially and temporally. Here, we review new developments in how mitochondrial structure is established and regulated, the factors that underpin the distribution of lipids and proteins, and how they spatially demarcate locations of myriad mitochondrial processes. Consistent with its pre-eminence, disturbed mitochondrial compartmentalization contributes to the dysfunction associated with heritable and aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Iovine
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Steven M Claypool
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nathan N Alder
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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13
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Nirody JA, Budin I, Rangamani P. ATP synthase: Evolution, energetics, and membrane interactions. J Gen Physiol 2021; 152:152111. [PMID: 32966553 PMCID: PMC7594442 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201912475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of ATP, life’s “universal energy currency,” is the most prevalent chemical reaction in biological systems and is responsible for fueling nearly all cellular processes, from nerve impulse propagation to DNA synthesis. ATP synthases, the family of enzymes that carry out this endless task, are nearly as ubiquitous as the energy-laden molecule they are responsible for making. The F-type ATP synthase (F-ATPase) is found in every domain of life and has facilitated the survival of organisms in a wide range of habitats, ranging from the deep-sea thermal vents to the human intestine. Accordingly, there has been a large amount of work dedicated toward understanding the structural and functional details of ATP synthases in a wide range of species. Less attention, however, has been paid toward integrating these advances in ATP synthase molecular biology within the context of its evolutionary history. In this review, we present an overview of several structural and functional features of the F-type ATPases that vary across taxa and are purported to be adaptive or otherwise evolutionarily significant: ion channel selectivity, rotor ring size and stoichiometry, ATPase dimeric structure and localization in the mitochondrial inner membrane, and interactions with membrane lipids. We emphasize the importance of studying these features within the context of the enzyme’s particular lipid environment. Just as the interactions between an organism and its physical environment shape its evolutionary trajectory, ATPases are impacted by the membranes within which they reside. We argue that a comprehensive understanding of the structure, function, and evolution of membrane proteins—including ATP synthase—requires such an integrative approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine A Nirody
- Center for Studies in Physics and Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,All Souls College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Itay Budin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Padmini Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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14
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Gahura O, Hierro-Yap C, Zíková A. Redesigned and reversed: architectural and functional oddities of the trypanosomal ATP synthase. Parasitology 2021; 148:1151-1160. [PMID: 33551002 PMCID: PMC8311965 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021000202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial F-type adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthases are commonly introduced as highly conserved membrane-embedded rotary machines generating the majority of cellular ATP. This simplified view neglects recently revealed striking compositional diversity of the enzyme and the fact that in specific life stages of some parasites, the physiological role of the enzyme is to maintain the mitochondrial membrane potential at the expense of ATP rather than to produce ATP. In addition, mitochondrial ATP synthases contribute indirectly to the organelle's other functions because they belong to major determinants of submitochondrial morphology. Here, we review current knowledge about the trypanosomal ATP synthase composition and architecture in the context of recent advances in the structural characterization of counterpart enzymes from several eukaryotic supergroups. We also discuss the physiological function of mitochondrial ATP synthases in three trypanosomatid parasites, Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania, with a focus on their disease-causing life cycle stages. We highlight the reversed proton-pumping role of the ATP synthase in the T. brucei bloodstream form, the enzyme's potential link to the regulation of parasite's glycolysis and its role in generating mitochondrial membrane potential in the absence of mitochondrial DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Gahura
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Carolina Hierro-Yap
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Zíková
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic
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15
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Liu YT, Huang X, Nguyen D, Shammas MK, Wu BP, Dombi E, Springer DA, Poulton J, Sekine S, Narendra DP. Loss of CHCHD2 and CHCHD10 activates OMA1 peptidase to disrupt mitochondrial cristae phenocopying patient mutations. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:1547-1567. [PMID: 32338760 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dominant mutations in the mitochondrial paralogs coiled-helix-coiled-helix (CHCHD) domain 2 (C2) and CHCHD10 (C10) were recently identified as causing Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia/myopathy, respectively. The mechanism by which they disrupt mitochondrial cristae, however, has been uncertain. Using the first C2/C10 double knockout (DKO) mice, we report that C10 pathogenesis and the normal function of C2/C10 are intimately linked. Similar to patients with C10 mutations, we found that C2/C10 DKO mice have disrupted mitochondrial cristae, because of cleavage of the mitochondrial-shaping protein long form of OPA1 (L-OPA1) by the stress-induced peptidase OMA1. OMA1 was found to be activated similarly in affected tissues of mutant C10 knock-in (KI) mice, demonstrating that L-OPA1 cleavage is a novel mechanism for cristae abnormalities because of both C10 mutation and C2/C10 loss. Using OMA1 activation as a functional assay, we found that C2 and C10 are partially functionally redundant, and some but not all disease-causing mutations have retained activity. Finally, C2/C10 DKO mice partially phenocopied mutant C10 KI mice with the development of cardiomyopathy and activation of the integrated mitochondrial integrated stress response in affected tissues, tying mutant C10 pathogenesis to C2/C10 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Liu
- Inherited Movement Disorders Unit, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- Inherited Movement Disorders Unit, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Diana Nguyen
- Inherited Movement Disorders Unit, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mario K Shammas
- Inherited Movement Disorders Unit, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Beverly P Wu
- Inherited Movement Disorders Unit, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eszter Dombi
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Danielle A Springer
- Murine Phenotyping Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joanna Poulton
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Shiori Sekine
- Aging Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Derek P Narendra
- Inherited Movement Disorders Unit, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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16
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Protein interaction patterns in Arabidopsis thaliana leaf mitochondria change in dependence to light. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2021; 1862:148443. [PMID: 33965424 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2021.148443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial biology is underpinned by the presence and activity of large protein assemblies participating in the organelle-located steps of respiration, TCA-cycle, glycine oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation. While the enzymatic roles of these complexes are undisputed, little is known about the interactions of the subunits beyond their presence in these protein complexes and their functions in regulating mitochondrial metabolism. By applying one of the most important regulatory cues for plant metabolism, the presence or absence of light, we here assess changes in the composition and molecular mass of protein assemblies involved in NADH-production in the mitochondrial matrix and in oxidative phosphorylation by employing a differential complexome profiling strategy. Covering a mass up to 25 MDa, we demonstrate dynamic associations of matrix enzymes and of components involved in oxidative phosphorylation. The data presented here form the basis for future studies aiming to advance our understanding of the role of protein:protein interactions in regulating plant mitochondrial functions.
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17
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Galber C, Minervini G, Cannino G, Boldrin F, Petronilli V, Tosatto S, Lippe G, Giorgio V. The f subunit of human ATP synthase is essential for normal mitochondrial morphology and permeability transition. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109111. [PMID: 33979610 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The f subunit is localized at the base of the ATP synthase peripheral stalk. Its function in the human enzyme is poorly characterized. Because full disruption of its ATP5J2 gene with the CRISPR-Cas9 strategy in the HAP1 human model has been shown to cause alterations in the amounts of other ATP synthase subunits, here we investigated the role of the f subunit in HeLa cells by regulating its levels through RNA interference. We confirm the role of the f subunit in ATP synthase dimer stability and observe that its downregulation per se does not alter the amounts of the other enzyme subunits or ATP synthase synthetic/hydrolytic activity. We show that downregulation of the f subunit causes abnormal crista organization and decreases permeability transition pore (PTP) size, whereas its re-expression in f subunit knockdown cells rescues mitochondrial morphology and PTP-dependent swelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Galber
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience, Padova 35121, Italy
| | - Giovanni Minervini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cannino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Petronilli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience, Padova 35121, Italy
| | - Silvio Tosatto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lippe
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Valentina Giorgio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience, Padova 35121, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy.
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18
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Bernardi P. Looking Back to the Future of Mitochondrial Research. Front Physiol 2021; 12:682467. [PMID: 33995132 PMCID: PMC8119648 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.682467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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19
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TMEM70 and TMEM242 help to assemble the rotor ring of human ATP synthase and interact with assembly factors for complex I. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2100558118. [PMID: 33753518 PMCID: PMC8020751 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100558118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mitochondrial ATP synthase is a molecular machine with a rotary action bound in the inner organellar membranes. Turning of the rotor, driven by a proton motive force, provides energy to make ATP from ADP and phosphate. Among the 29 component proteins of 18 kinds, ATP6 and ATP8 are mitochondrial gene products, and the rest are nuclear gene products that are imported into the organelle. The ATP synthase is assembled from them via intermediate modules representing the main structural elements of the enzyme. One such module is the c8-ring, which provides the membrane sector of the enzyme's rotor, and its assembly is influenced by another transmembrane (TMEM) protein, TMEM70. We have shown that subunit c interacts with TMEM70 and another hitherto unidentified mitochondrial transmembrane protein, TMEM242. Deletion of TMEM242, similar to deletion of TMEM70, affects but does not completely eliminate the assembly of ATP synthase, and to a lesser degree the assembly of respiratory enzyme complexes I, III, and IV. Deletion of TMEM70 and TMEM242 together prevents assembly of ATP synthase and the impact on complex I is enhanced. Removal of TMEM242, but not of TMEM70, also affects the introduction of subunits ATP6, ATP8, j, and k into the enzyme. TMEM70 and TMEM242 interact with the mitochondrial complex I assembly (the MCIA) complex that supports assembly of the membrane arm of complex I. The interactions of TMEM70 and TMEM242 with MCIA could be part of either the assembly of ATP synthase and complex I or the regulation of their levels.
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20
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Interface mobility between monomers in dimeric bovine ATP synthase participates in the ultrastructure of inner mitochondrial membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2021012118. [PMID: 33542155 PMCID: PMC7923604 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021012118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The ATP synthase complexes in mitochondria make the ATP required to sustain life by a rotary mechanism. Their membrane domains are embedded in the inner membranes of the organelle, and they dimerize via interactions between their membrane domains. The dimers form extensive chains along the tips of the cristae with the two rows of monomeric catalytic domains extending into the mitochondrial matrix at an angle to each other. Disruption of the interface between dimers by mutation affects the morphology of the cristae severely. By analysis of particles of purified dimeric bovine ATP synthase by cryo-electron microscopy, we have shown that the angle between the central rotatory axes of the monomeric complexes varies between ca. 76 and 95°. These particles represent active dimeric ATP synthase. Some angular variations arise directly from the catalytic mechanism of the enzyme, and others are independent of catalysis. The monomer-monomer interaction is mediated mainly by j subunits attached to the surface of wedge-shaped protein-lipid structures in the membrane domain of the complex, and the angular variation arises from rotational and translational changes in this interaction, and combinations of both. The structures also suggest how the dimeric ATP synthases might be interacting with each other to form the characteristic rows along the tips of the cristae via other interwedge contacts, molding themselves to the range of oligomeric arrangements observed by tomography of mitochondrial membranes, and at the same time allowing the ATP synthase to operate under the range of physiological conditions that influence the structure of the cristae.
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21
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Weissert V, Rieger B, Morris S, Arroum T, Psathaki OE, Zobel T, Perkins G, Busch KB. Inhibition of the mitochondrial ATPase function by IF1 changes the spatiotemporal organization of ATP synthase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2021; 1862:148322. [PMID: 33065099 PMCID: PMC7718977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
• Mitochondrial F1FO ATP synthase is the key enzyme for mitochondrial bioenergetics. Dimeric F1FO-ATP synthase, is preferentially located at the edges of the cristae and its oligomerization state determines mitochondrial ultrastructure. The ATP synthase inhibitor protein IF1 modulates not only ATP synthase activity but also regulates both the structure and function of mitochondria. In order to understand this in more detail, we have investigated the effect of IF1 on the spatiotemporal organization of the ATP synthase. Stable cell lines were generated that overexpressed IF1 and constitutively active IF1-H49K. The expression of IF1-H49K induced a change in the localization and mobility of the ATP synthase as analyzed by single molecule tracking and localization microscopy (TALM). In addition, the ultrastructure and function of mitochondria in cells with higher levels of active IF1 displayed a gradual alteration. In state III, cristae structures were significantly altered. The inhibition of the hydrolase activity of the F1FO-ATP synthase by IF1 together with altered inner mitochondrial membrane caused re-localization and altered mobility of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Weissert
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, Integrated Bioimaging Facility, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Bettina Rieger
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Silke Morris
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Tasnim Arroum
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Olympia Ekaterini Psathaki
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, Integrated Bioimaging Facility, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Thomas Zobel
- Imaging Network, Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Guy Perkins
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Karin B Busch
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
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22
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Abstract
The production of ATP in mitochondria requires the oxidation of energy rich compounds to generate a proton motive force (pmf), a chemical potential difference for protons across the inner membrane. This pmf powers the ATP synthase, a molecular machine with a rotary action, to synthesize ATP. The assembly of human ATP synthase from 27 nuclear encoded proteins and two mitochondrially encoded subunits in the inner organellar membrane involves the formation of intermediate modules representing the F1-catalytic domain, the peripheral stalk, associated membrane subunits, and the c8 ring in the membrane part of the rotor. Here, we describe how components of the peripheral stalk and three associated membrane subunits are assembled and introduced into the enzyme complex. The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase in human mitochondria is a membrane bound assembly of 29 proteins of 18 kinds organized into F1-catalytic, peripheral stalk (PS), and c8-rotor ring modules. All but two membrane components are encoded in nuclear genes, synthesized on cytoplasmic ribosomes, imported into the mitochondrial matrix, and assembled into the complex with the mitochondrial gene products ATP6 and ATP8. Intermediate vestigial ATPase complexes formed by disruption of nuclear genes for individual subunits provide a description of how the various domains are introduced into the enzyme. From this approach, it is evident that three alternative pathways operate to introduce the PS module (including associated membrane subunits e, f, and g). In one pathway, the PS is built up by addition to the core subunit b of membrane subunits e and g together, followed by membrane subunit f. Then this b-e-g-f complex is bound to the preformed F1-c8 module by subunits OSCP and F6. The final component of the PS, subunit d, is added subsequently to form a key intermediate that accepts the two mitochondrially encoded subunits. In another route to this key intermediate, first e and g together and then f are added to a preformed F1-c8-OSCP-F6-b-d complex. A third route involves the addition of the c8-ring module to the complete F1-PS complex. The key intermediate then accepts the two mitochondrially encoded subunits, stabilized by the addition of subunit j, leading to an ATP synthase complex that is coupled to the proton motive force and capable of making ATP.
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23
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Ukolova IV, Kondakova MA, Kondratov IG, Sidorov AV, Borovskii GB, Voinikov VK. New insights into the organisation of the oxidative phosphorylation system in the example of pea shoot mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148264. [PMID: 32663476 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The physical and functional organisation of the OXPHOS system in mitochondria in vivo remains elusive. At present, different models of OXPHOS arrangement, representing either highly ordered respiratory strings or, vice versa, a set of randomly dispersed supercomplexes and respiratory complexes, have been suggested. In the present study, we examined a supramolecular arrangement of the OXPHOS system in pea shoot mitochondria using digitonin solubilisation of its constituents, which were further analysed by classical BN-related techniques and a multidimensional gel electrophoresis system when required. As a result, in addition to supercomplexes I1III2, I1III2IVn and III2IV1-2, dimer V2, and individual complexes I-V previously detected in plant mitochondria, new OXPHOS structures were also revealed. Of them, (1) a megacomplex (IIxIIIyIVz)n including complex II, (2) respirasomes I2III4IVn with two copies of complex I and dimeric complex III2, (3) a minor new supercomplex IV1Va2 comigrating with I1III2, and (4) a second minor form of ATP synthase, Va, were found. The activity of singular complexes I, IV, and V was higher than the activity of the associated forms. The detection of new supercomplex IV1Va2, along with assemblies I1III2 and I1-2III2-4IVn, prompted us to suggest the occurrence of in vivo oxphosomes comprising complexes I, III2, IV, and V. The putative oxphosome's stoichiometry, historical background, assumed functional significance, and subcompartmental location are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Ukolova
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry SB RAS, 132, Lermontov St., Irkutsk 664033, Russia.
| | - Marina A Kondakova
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry SB RAS, 132, Lermontov St., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Ilya G Kondratov
- Limnological Institute SB RAS, 3, Ulan-Batorskaya St., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Alexander V Sidorov
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry SB RAS, 132, Lermontov St., Irkutsk 664033, Russia; Irkutsk State Medical University, 1, Krasnogo Vosstaniya St., Irkutsk 664003, Russia
| | - Gennadii B Borovskii
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry SB RAS, 132, Lermontov St., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Victor K Voinikov
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry SB RAS, 132, Lermontov St., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
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24
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Abstract
The structure of the dimeric ATP synthase from bovine mitochondria determined in three rotational states by electron cryo-microscopy provides evidence that the proton uptake from the mitochondrial matrix via the proton inlet half channel proceeds via a Grotthus mechanism, and a similar mechanism may operate in the exit half channel. The structure has given information about the architecture and mechanical constitution and properties of the peripheral stalk, part of the membrane extrinsic region of the stator, and how the action of the peripheral stalk damps the side-to-side rocking motions that occur in the enzyme complex during the catalytic cycle. It also describes wedge structures in the membrane domains of each monomer, where the skeleton of each wedge is provided by three α-helices in the membrane domains of the b-subunit to which the supernumerary subunits e, f, and g and the membrane domain of subunit A6L are bound. Protein voids in the wedge are filled by three specifically bound cardiolipin molecules and two other phospholipids. The external surfaces of the wedges link the monomeric complexes together into the dimeric structures and provide a pivot to allow the monomer-monomer interfaces to change during catalysis and to accommodate other changes not related directly to catalysis in the monomer-monomer interface that occur in mitochondrial cristae. The structure of the bovine dimer also demonstrates that the structures of dimeric ATP synthases in a tetrameric porcine enzyme have been seriously misinterpreted in the membrane domains.
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25
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Carraro M, Carrer A, Urbani A, Bernardi P. Molecular nature and regulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore(s), drug target(s) in cardioprotection. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 144:76-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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26
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Stephan T, Brüser C, Deckers M, Steyer AM, Balzarotti F, Barbot M, Behr TS, Heim G, Hübner W, Ilgen P, Lange F, Pacheu-Grau D, Pape JK, Stoldt S, Huser T, Hell SW, Möbius W, Rehling P, Riedel D, Jakobs S. MICOS assembly controls mitochondrial inner membrane remodeling and crista junction redistribution to mediate cristae formation. EMBO J 2020; 39:e104105. [PMID: 32567732 PMCID: PMC7361284 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019104105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial function is critically dependent on the folding of the mitochondrial inner membrane into cristae; indeed, numerous human diseases are associated with aberrant crista morphologies. With the MICOS complex, OPA1 and the F1 Fo -ATP synthase, key players of cristae biogenesis have been identified, yet their interplay is poorly understood. Harnessing super-resolution light and 3D electron microscopy, we dissect the roles of these proteins in the formation of cristae in human mitochondria. We individually disrupted the genes of all seven MICOS subunits in human cells and re-expressed Mic10 or Mic60 in the respective knockout cell line. We demonstrate that assembly of the MICOS complex triggers remodeling of pre-existing unstructured cristae and de novo formation of crista junctions (CJs) on existing cristae. We show that the Mic60-subcomplex is sufficient for CJ formation, whereas the Mic10-subcomplex controls lamellar cristae biogenesis. OPA1 stabilizes tubular CJs and, along with the F1 Fo -ATP synthase, fine-tunes the positioning of the MICOS complex and CJs. We propose a new model of cristae formation, involving the coordinated remodeling of an unstructured crista precursor into multiple lamellar cristae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Stephan
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Brüser
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Deckers
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna M Steyer
- Department of Neurogenetics, Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Francisco Balzarotti
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mariam Barbot
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tiana S Behr
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gudrun Heim
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hübner
- Department of Physics, University Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Peter Ilgen
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Felix Lange
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - David Pacheu-Grau
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jasmin K Pape
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Stoldt
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Huser
- Department of Physics, University Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Stefan W Hell
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Rehling
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Riedel
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Jakobs
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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27
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Salewskij K, Rieger B, Hager F, Arroum T, Duwe P, Villalta J, Colgiati S, Richter CP, Psathaki OE, Enriquez JA, Dellmann T, Busch KB. The spatio-temporal organization of mitochondrial F 1F O ATP synthase in cristae depends on its activity mode. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1861:148091. [PMID: 31669489 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.148091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
F1FO ATP synthase, also known as complex V, is a key enzyme of mitochondrial energy metabolism that can synthesize and hydrolyze ATP. It is not known whether the ATP synthase and ATPase function are correlated with a different spatio-temporal organisation of the enzyme. In order to analyze this, we tracked and localized single ATP synthase molecules in situ using live cell microscopy. Under normal conditions, complex V was mainly restricted to cristae indicated by orthogonal trajectories along the cristae membranes. In addition confined trajectories that are quasi immobile exist. By inhibiting glycolysis with 2-DG, the activity and mobility of complex V was altered. The distinct cristae-related orthogonal trajectories of complex V were obliterated. Moreover, a mobile subpopulation of complex V was found in the inner boundary membrane. The observed changes in the ratio of dimeric/monomeric complex V, respectively less mobile/more mobile complex V and its activity changes were reversible. In IF1-KO cells, in which ATP hydrolysis is not inhibited by IF1, complex V was more mobile, while inhibition of ATP hydrolysis by BMS-199264 reduced the mobility of complex V. Taken together, these data support the existence of different subpopulations of complex V, ATP synthase and ATP hydrolase, the latter with higher mobility and probably not prevailing at the cristae edges. Obviously, complex V reacts quickly and reversibly to metabolic conditions, not only by functional, but also by spatial and structural reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Salewskij
- University Münster, Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, 48149 Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Bettina Rieger
- University Münster, Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, 48149 Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Frances Hager
- University Münster, Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, 48149 Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Tasnim Arroum
- University Münster, Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, 48149 Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Patrick Duwe
- University Münster, Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, 48149 Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Jimmy Villalta
- University Münster, Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, 48149 Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Sara Colgiati
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Catania, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Andalusia, Spain
| | - Christian P Richter
- University of Osnabrück, School of Biology, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Lower Saxony, Germany; Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, Integrated Bioimaging Facility, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Olympia E Psathaki
- University of Osnabrück, School of Biology, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Lower Saxony, Germany; Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, Integrated Bioimaging Facility, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - José A Enriquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Catania, Spain
| | - Timo Dellmann
- University Münster, Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, 48149 Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Karin B Busch
- University Münster, Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, 48149 Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
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28
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Persistence of the permeability transition pore in human mitochondria devoid of an assembled ATP synthase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:12816-12821. [PMID: 31213546 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1904005116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The opening of the permeability transition pore, a nonspecific channel in inner mitochondrial membranes, is triggered by an elevated total concentration of calcium ions in the mitochondrial matrix, leading to disruption of the inner membrane and necrotic cell death. Cyclosporin A inhibits pore opening by binding to cyclophilin D, which interacts with the pore. It has been proposed that the pore is associated with the ATP synthase complex. Previously, we confirmed an earlier observation that the pore survives in cells lacking membrane subunits ATP6 and ATP8 of ATP synthase, and in other cells lacking the enzyme's c8 rotor ring or, separately, its peripheral stalk subunits b and oligomycin sensitive conferral protein. Here, we investigated whether the pore is associated with the remaining membrane subunits of the enzyme. Individual deletion of subunits e, f, g, and 6.8-kDa proteolipid disrupts dimerization of the complex, and deletion of DAPIT (diabetes-associated protein in insulin sensitive tissue) possibly influences oligomerization of dimers, but removal of each subunit had no effect on the pore. Also, we removed together the enzyme's membrane bound c8 ring and the δ-subunit from the catalytic domain. The resulting cells assemble only a subcomplex derived from the peripheral stalk and membrane-associated proteins. Despite diminished levels of respiratory complexes, these cells generate a membrane potential to support uptake of calcium into the mitochondria, leading to pore opening, and retention of its characteristic properties. It is most unlikely that the ATP synthase, dimer or monomer, or any component, provides the permeability transition pore.
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29
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Guo L, Carraro M, Carrer A, Minervini G, Urbani A, Masgras I, Tosatto SCE, Szabò I, Bernardi P, Lippe G. Arg-8 of yeast subunit e contributes to the stability of F-ATP synthase dimers and to the generation of the full-conductance mitochondrial megachannel. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:10987-10997. [PMID: 31160339 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial F-ATP synthase is a complex molecular motor arranged in V-shaped dimers that is responsible for most cellular ATP synthesis in aerobic conditions. In the yeast F-ATP synthase, subunits e and g of the FO sector constitute a lateral domain, which is required for dimer stability and cristae formation. Here, by using site-directed mutagenesis, we identified Arg-8 of subunit e as a critical residue in mediating interactions between subunits e and g, most likely through an interaction with Glu-83 of subunit g. Consistent with this hypothesis, (i) the substitution of Arg-8 in subunit e (eArg-8) with Ala or Glu or of Glu-83 in subunit g (gGlu-83) with Ala or Lys destabilized the digitonin-extracted F-ATP synthase, resulting in decreased dimer formation as revealed by blue-native electrophoresis; and (ii) simultaneous substitution of eArg-8 with Glu and of gGlu-83 with Lys rescued digitonin-stable F-ATP synthase dimers. When tested in lipid bilayers for generation of Ca2+-dependent channels, WT dimers displayed the high-conductance channel activity expected for the mitochondrial megachannel/permeability transition pore, whereas dimers obtained at low digitonin concentrations from the Arg-8 variants displayed currents of strikingly small conductance. Remarkably, double replacement of eArg-8 with Glu and of gGlu-83 with Lys restored high-conductance channels indistinguishable from those seen in WT enzymes. These findings suggest that the interaction of subunit e with subunit g is important for generation of the full-conductance megachannel from F-ATP synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishu Guo
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Silvio C E Tosatto
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience, 35131 Padova, Italy, and
| | - Ildikò Szabò
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience, 35131 Padova, Italy, and; Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience, 35131 Padova, Italy, and.
| | - Giovanna Lippe
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy.
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30
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Abstract
F1Fo ATP synthases produce most of the ATP in the cell. F-type ATP synthases have been investigated for more than 50 years, but a full understanding of their molecular mechanisms has become possible only with the recent structures of complete, functionally competent complexes determined by electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM). High-resolution cryo-EM structures offer a wealth of unexpected new insights. The catalytic F1 head rotates with the central γ-subunit for the first part of each ATP-generating power stroke. Joint rotation is enabled by subunit δ/OSCP acting as a flexible hinge between F1 and the peripheral stalk. Subunit a conducts protons to and from the c-ring rotor through two conserved aqueous channels. The channels are separated by ∼6 Å in the hydrophobic core of Fo, resulting in a strong local field that generates torque to drive rotary catalysis in F1. The structure of the chloroplast F1Fo complex explains how ATPase activity is turned off at night by a redox switch. Structures of mitochondrial ATP synthase dimers indicate how they shape the inner membrane cristae. The new cryo-EM structures complete our picture of the ATP synthases and reveal the unique mechanism by which they transform an electrochemical membrane potential into biologically useful chemical energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Kühlbrandt
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany;
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31
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Dimers of mitochondrial ATP synthase induce membrane curvature and self-assemble into rows. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:4250-4255. [PMID: 30760595 PMCID: PMC6410833 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1816556116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP synthase in the inner membrane of mitochondria generates most of the ATP that enables higher organisms to live. The inner membrane forms deep invaginations called cristae. Mitochondrial ATP synthases are dimeric complexes of two identical monomers. It is known that the ATP synthase dimers form rows along the tightly curved cristae ridges. Computer simulations suggest that the dimer rows bend the membrane locally, but this has not been shown experimentally. In this study, we use electron cryotomography to provide experimental proof that ATP synthase dimers assemble spontaneously into rows upon membrane reconstitution, and that these rows bend the membrane. The assembly of ATP synthase dimers into rows is most likely the first step in the formation of mitochondrial cristae. Mitochondrial ATP synthases form dimers, which assemble into long ribbons at the rims of the inner membrane cristae. We reconstituted detergent-purified mitochondrial ATP synthase dimers from the green algae Polytomella sp. and the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica into liposomes and examined them by electron cryotomography. Tomographic volumes revealed that ATP synthase dimers from both species self-assemble into rows and bend the lipid bilayer locally. The dimer rows and the induced degree of membrane curvature closely resemble those in the inner membrane cristae. Monomers of mitochondrial ATP synthase reconstituted into liposomes do not bend membrane visibly and do not form rows. No specific lipids or proteins other than ATP synthase dimers are required for row formation and membrane remodelling. Long rows of ATP synthase dimers are a conserved feature of mitochondrial inner membranes. They are required for cristae formation and a main factor in mitochondrial morphogenesis.
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32
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Colina-Tenorio L, Dautant A, Miranda-Astudillo H, Giraud MF, González-Halphen D. The Peripheral Stalk of Rotary ATPases. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1243. [PMID: 30233414 PMCID: PMC6131620 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotary ATPases are a family of enzymes that are thought of as molecular nanomotors and are classified in three types: F, A, and V-type ATPases. Two members (F and A-type) can synthesize and hydrolyze ATP, depending on the energetic needs of the cell, while the V-type enzyme exhibits only a hydrolytic activity. The overall architecture of all these enzymes is conserved and three main sectors are distinguished: a catalytic core, a rotor and a stator or peripheral stalk. The peripheral stalks of the A and V-types are highly conserved in both structure and function, however, the F-type peripheral stalks have divergent structures. Furthermore, the peripheral stalk has other roles beyond its stator function, as evidenced by several biochemical and recent structural studies. This review describes the information regarding the organization of the peripheral stalk components of F, A, and V-ATPases, highlighting the key differences between the studied enzymes, as well as the different processes in which the structure is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Colina-Tenorio
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alain Dautant
- CNRS, UMR5095, IBGC, Bordeaux, France.,Energy Transducing Systems and Mitochondrial Morphology, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Héctor Miranda-Astudillo
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, InBios, PhytoSYSTEMS, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie-France Giraud
- CNRS, UMR5095, IBGC, Bordeaux, France.,Energy Transducing Systems and Mitochondrial Morphology, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Diego González-Halphen
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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33
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Quintana-Cabrera R, Quirin C, Glytsou C, Corrado M, Urbani A, Pellattiero A, Calvo E, Vázquez J, Enríquez JA, Gerle C, Soriano ME, Bernardi P, Scorrano L. The cristae modulator Optic atrophy 1 requires mitochondrial ATP synthase oligomers to safeguard mitochondrial function. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3399. [PMID: 30143614 PMCID: PMC6109181 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05655-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unclear how the mitochondrial fusion protein Optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), which inhibits cristae remodeling, protects from mitochondrial dysfunction. Here we identify the mitochondrial F1Fo-ATP synthase as the effector of OPA1 in mitochondrial protection. In OPA1 overexpressing cells, the loss of proton electrochemical gradient caused by respiratory chain complex III inhibition is blunted and this protection is abolished by the ATP synthase inhibitor oligomycin. Mechanistically, OPA1 and ATP synthase can interact, but recombinant OPA1 fails to promote oligomerization of purified ATP synthase reconstituted in liposomes, suggesting that OPA1 favors ATP synthase oligomerization and reversal activity by modulating cristae shape. When ATP synthase oligomers are genetically destabilized by silencing the key dimerization subunit e, OPA1 is no longer able to preserve mitochondrial function and cell viability upon complex III inhibition. Thus, OPA1 protects mitochondria from respiratory chain inhibition by stabilizing cristae shape and favoring ATP synthase oligomerization. Mitochondrial cristae shape influences apoptosis and respiration. Here the authors show that the mitochondrial fusion protein OPA1 protects mitochondria from dysfunction by promoting ATP synthase oligomerization and reversal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Quintana-Cabrera
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129, Padua, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121, Padua, Italy.,University of Salamanca, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas CSIC, Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, Salamanca, 37007, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,CIBERFES, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Charlotte Quirin
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129, Padua, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Christina Glytsou
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129, Padua, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121, Padua, Italy.,Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, 10016, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mauro Corrado
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129, Padua, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121, Padua, Italy.,Max Planck Institute of Immunology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, 35121, Italy
| | - Anna Pellattiero
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129, Padua, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Enrique Calvo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Enríquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERFES, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christoph Gerle
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | | | - Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, 35121, Italy.,Institute of Neuroscience, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129, Padua, Italy. .,Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121, Padua, Italy.
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34
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Guo L, Carraro M, Sartori G, Minervini G, Eriksson O, Petronilli V, Bernardi P. Arginine 107 of yeast ATP synthase subunit g mediates sensitivity of the mitochondrial permeability transition to phenylglyoxal. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:14632-14645. [PMID: 30093404 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Modification with arginine-specific glyoxals modulates the permeability transition (PT) of rat liver mitochondria, with inhibitory or inducing effects that depend on the net charge of the adduct(s). Here, we show that phenylglyoxal (PGO) affects the PT in a species-specific manner (inhibition in mouse and yeast, induction in human and Drosophila mitochondria). Following the hypotheses (i) that the effects are mediated by conserved arginine(s) and (ii) that the PT is mediated by the F-ATP synthase, we have narrowed the search to 60 arginines. Most of these residues are located in subunits α, β, γ, ϵ, a, and c and were excluded because PGO modification did not significantly affect enzyme catalysis. On the other hand, yeast mitochondria lacking subunit g or bearing a subunit g R107A mutation were totally resistant to PT inhibition by PGO. Thus, the effect of PGO on the PT is specifically mediated by Arg-107, the only subunit g arginine that has been conserved across species. These findings are evidence that the PT is mediated by F-ATP synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishu Guo
- From the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy and
| | - Michela Carraro
- From the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy and
| | - Geppo Sartori
- From the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy and
| | - Giovanni Minervini
- From the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy and
| | - Ove Eriksson
- the Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Valeria Petronilli
- From the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy and
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- From the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy and
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35
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Salunke R, Mourier T, Banerjee M, Pain A, Shanmugam D. Highly diverged novel subunit composition of apicomplexan F-type ATP synthase identified from Toxoplasma gondii. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2006128. [PMID: 30005062 PMCID: PMC6059495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2006128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial F-type ATP synthase, a multisubunit nanomotor, is critical for maintaining cellular ATP levels. In T. gondii and other apicomplexan parasites, many subunit components necessary for proper assembly and functioning of this enzyme appear to be missing. Here, we report the identification of 20 novel subunits of T. gondii F-type ATP synthase from mass spectrometry analysis of partially purified monomeric (approximately 600 kDa) and dimeric (>1 MDa) forms of the enzyme. Despite extreme sequence diversification, key FO subunits a, b, and d can be identified from conserved structural features. Orthologs for these proteins are restricted to apicomplexan, chromerid, and dinoflagellate species. Interestingly, their absence in ciliates indicates a major diversion, with respect to subunit composition of this enzyme, within the alveolate clade. Discovery of these highly diversified novel components of the apicomplexan F-type ATP synthase complex could facilitate the development of novel antiparasitic agents. Structural and functional characterization of this unusual enzyme complex will advance our fundamental understanding of energy metabolism in apicomplexan species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Salunke
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tobias Mourier
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, BESE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manidipa Banerjee
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Arnab Pain
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, BESE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dhanasekaran Shanmugam
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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36
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Anselmi C, Davies KM, Faraldo-Gómez JD. Mitochondrial ATP synthase dimers spontaneously associate due to a long-range membrane-induced force. J Gen Physiol 2018; 150:763-770. [PMID: 29643173 PMCID: PMC5940253 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201812033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthases populate the inner membranes of mitochondria, where they produce the majority of the ATP required by the cell. From yeast to vertebrates, cryoelectron tomograms of these membranes have consistently revealed a very precise organization of these enzymes. Rather than being scattered throughout the membrane, the ATP synthases form dimers, and these dimers are organized into rows that extend for hundreds of nanometers. The rows are only observed in the membrane invaginations known as cristae, specifically along their sharply curved edges. Although the presence of these macromolecular structures has been irrefutably linked to the proper development of cristae morphology, it has been unclear what drives the formation of the rows and why they are specifically localized in the cristae. In this study, we present a quantitative molecular-simulation analysis that strongly suggests that the dimers of ATP synthases organize into rows spontaneously, driven by a long-range attractive force that arises from the relief of the overall elastic strain of the membrane. The strain is caused by the V-like shape of the dimers, unique among membrane protein complexes, which induces a strong deformation in the surrounding membrane. The process of row formation is therefore not a result of direct protein-protein interactions or a specific lipid composition of the membrane. We further hypothesize that, once assembled, the ATP synthase dimer rows prime the inner mitochondrial membrane to develop folds and invaginations by causing macroscopic membrane ridges that ultimately become the edges of cristae. In this way, mitochondrial ATP synthases would contribute to the generation of a morphology that maximizes the surface area of the inner membrane, and thus ATP production. Finally, we outline key experiments that would be required to verify or refute this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Anselmi
- Theoretical Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Karen M Davies
- Lawrence Berkeley National Labs, Berkeley, CA .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - José D Faraldo-Gómez
- Theoretical Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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37
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Miranda-Astudillo H, Colina-Tenorio L, Jiménez-Suárez A, Vázquez-Acevedo M, Salin B, Giraud MF, Remacle C, Cardol P, González-Halphen D. Oxidative phosphorylation supercomplexes and respirasome reconstitution of the colorless alga Polytomella sp. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018. [PMID: 29540299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The proposal that the respiratory complexes can associate with each other in larger structures named supercomplexes (SC) is generally accepted. In the last decades most of the data about this association came from studies in yeasts, mammals and plants, and information is scarce in other lineages. Here we studied the supramolecular association of the F1FO-ATP synthase (complex V) and the respiratory complexes I, III and IV of the colorless alga Polytomella sp. with an approach that involves solubilization using mild detergents, n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside (DDM) or digitonin, followed by separation of native protein complexes by electrophoresis (BN-PAGE), after which we identified oligomeric forms of complex V (mainly V2 and V4) and different respiratory supercomplexes (I/IV6, I/III4, I/IV). In addition, purification/reconstitution of the supercomplexes by anion exchange chromatography was also performed. The data show that these complexes have the ability to strongly associate with each other and form DDM-stable macromolecular structures. The stable V4 ATPase oligomer was observed by electron-microscopy and the association of the respiratory complexes in the so-called "respirasome" was able to perform in-vitro oxygen consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Miranda-Astudillo
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico; Genetics and Physiology of microalgae, InBioS/Phytosystems, University of Liège, Belgium.
| | - Lilia Colina-Tenorio
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Jiménez-Suárez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Miriam Vázquez-Acevedo
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Bénédicte Salin
- CNRS, UMR5095, IBGC, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Campus Carreire, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-France Giraud
- CNRS, UMR5095, IBGC, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Campus Carreire, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Claire Remacle
- Genetics and Physiology of microalgae, InBioS/Phytosystems, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Cardol
- Genetics and Physiology of microalgae, InBioS/Phytosystems, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Diego González-Halphen
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
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38
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Vrbacký M, Kovalčíková J, Chawengsaksophak K, Beck IM, Mráček T, Nůsková H, Sedmera D, Papoušek F, Kolář F, Sobol M, Hozák P, Sedlacek R, Houštěk J. Knockout of Tmem70 alters biogenesis of ATP synthase and leads to embryonal lethality in mice. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 25:4674-4685. [PMID: 28173120 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
TMEM70, a 21-kDa protein localized in the inner mitochondrial membrane, has been shown to facilitate the biogenesis of mammalian F1Fo ATP synthase. Mutations of the TMEM70 gene represent the most frequent cause of isolated ATP synthase deficiency resulting in a severe mitochondrial disease presenting as neonatal encephalo-cardiomyopathy (OMIM 604273). To better understand the biological role of this factor, we generated Tmem70-deficient mice and found that the homozygous Tmem70-/- knockouts exhibited profound growth retardation and embryonic lethality at ∼9.5 days post coitum. Blue-Native electrophoresis demonstrated an isolated deficiency in fully assembled ATP synthase in the Tmem70-/- embryos (80% decrease) and a marked accumulation of F1 complexes indicative of impairment in ATP synthase biogenesis that was stalled at the early stage, following the formation of F1 oligomer. Consequently, a decrease in ADP-stimulated State 3 respiration, respiratory control ratio and ATP/ADP ratios, indicated compromised mitochondrial ATP production. Tmem70-/- embryos exhibited delayed development of the cardiovascular system and a disturbed heart mitochondrial ultrastructure, with concentric or irregular cristae structures. Tmem70+/- heterozygous mice were fully viable and displayed normal postnatal growth and development of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system. Nevertheless, they presented with mild deterioration of heart function. Our results demonstrated that Tmem70 knockout in the mouse results in embryonic lethality due to the lack of ATP synthase and impairment of mitochondrial energy provision. This is analogous to TMEM70 dysfunction in humans and verifies the crucial role of this factor in the biosynthesis and assembly of mammalian ATP synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Vrbacký
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kovalčíková
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kallayanee Chawengsaksophak
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Inken M Beck
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Mráček
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Nůsková
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Sedmera
- Department of Cardiovascular Morphogenesis, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic,Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Papoušek
- Department of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Kolář
- Department of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Margarita Sobol
- Laboratory of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hozák
- Laboratory of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Houštěk
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Abstract
Mitochondria are the power stations of the eukaryotic cell, using the energy released by the oxidation of glucose and other sugars to produce ATP. Electrons are transferred from NADH, produced in the citric acid cycle in the mitochondrial matrix, to oxygen by a series of large protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which create a transmembrane electrochemical gradient by pumping protons across the membrane. The flow of protons back into the matrix via a proton channel in the ATP synthase leads to conformational changes in the nucleotide binding pockets and the formation of ATP. The three proton pumping complexes of the electron transfer chain are NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase or complex I, ubiquinone-cytochrome c oxidoreductase or complex III, and cytochrome c oxidase or complex IV. Succinate dehydrogenase or complex II does not pump protons, but contributes reduced ubiquinone. The structures of complex II, III and IV were determined by x-ray crystallography several decades ago, but complex I and ATP synthase have only recently started to reveal their secrets by advances in x-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy. The complexes I, III and IV occur to a certain extent as supercomplexes in the membrane, the so-called respirasomes. Several hypotheses exist about their function. Recent cryo-electron microscopy structures show the architecture of the respirasome with near-atomic detail. ATP synthase occurs as dimers in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which by their curvature are responsible for the folding of the membrane into cristae and thus for the huge increase in available surface that makes mitochondria the efficient energy plants of the eukaryotic cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana S Sousa
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Edoardo D'Imprima
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Janet Vonck
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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40
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Esparza-Perusquía M, Olvera-Sánchez S, Pardo JP, Mendoza-Hernández G, Martínez F, Flores-Herrera O. Structural and kinetics characterization of the F 1F 0-ATP synthase dimer. New repercussion of monomer-monomer contact. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:975-981. [PMID: 28919501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ustilago maydis is an aerobic basidiomycete that fully depends on oxidative phosphorylation for its supply of ATP, pointing to mitochondria as a key player in the energy metabolism of this organism. Mitochondrial F1F0-ATP synthase occurs in supramolecular structures. In this work, we isolated the monomer (640kDa) and the dimer (1280kDa) and characterized their subunit composition and kinetics of ATP hydrolysis. Mass spectrometry revealed that dimerizing subunits e and g were present in the dimer but not in the monomer. Analysis of the ATPase activity showed that both oligomers had Michaelis-Menten kinetics, but the dimer was 7 times more active than the monomer, while affinities were similar. The dimer was more sensitive to oligomycin inhibition, with a Ki of 24nM, while the monomer had a Ki of 169nM. The results suggest that the interphase between the monomers in the dimer state affects the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme and its sensitivity to inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Esparza-Perusquía
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 México City, México
| | - Sofía Olvera-Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 México City, México
| | - Juan Pablo Pardo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 México City, México
| | - Guillermo Mendoza-Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 México City, México
| | - Federico Martínez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 México City, México
| | - Oscar Flores-Herrera
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 México City, México.
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41
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Baev AY, Elustondo PA, Negoda A, Pavlov EV. Osmotic regulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore investigated by light scattering, fluorescence and electron microscopy techniques. Anal Biochem 2017; 552:38-44. [PMID: 28693989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial permeability transition (PT) is a phenomenon of an increase of the inner membrane permeability in response to an excessive matrix calcium accumulation. PTP is caused by the opening of the large weakly selective channel. Molecular composition and regulation of permeability transition pore (PTP) are not well understood. Here we used isolated mitochondria to investigate dependence of PTP activation on the osmotic pressure. We found that in low osmotic strength solution calcium-induced PTP is significantly inhibited. We propose that this effect is linked to the changes in the curvature of the mitochondrial inner membrane. This interpretation is consistent with the idea about the importance of ATP synthase dimerization in modulation of the PTP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artyom Y Baev
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; Educational-Experimental Centre of High Technologies, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
| | - Pia A Elustondo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Alexander Negoda
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Evgeny V Pavlov
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Basic Sciences, New York University, College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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42
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Sánchez-Vásquez L, Vázquez-Acevedo M, de la Mora J, Vega-deLuna F, Cardol P, Remacle C, Dreyfus G, González-Halphen D. Near-neighbor interactions of the membrane-embedded subunits of the mitochondrial ATP synthase of a chlorophycean alga. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:497-509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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43
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Sánchez-Vásquez L, González-Halphen D. TOPOLOGÍA Y FUNCIÓN DE LAS SUBUNIDADES INTRÍNSECAS DE LA MEMBRANA DE LAS F 1 F O -ATP SINTASA MITOCONDRIALES. TIP REVISTA ESPECIALIZADA EN CIENCIAS QUÍMICO-BIOLÓGICAS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recqb.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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44
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Giorgio V, Guo L, Bassot C, Petronilli V, Bernardi P. Calcium and regulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition. Cell Calcium 2017; 70:56-63. [PMID: 28522037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have seen renewed interest in the permeability transition pore, a high conductance channel responsible for permeabilization of the inner mitochondrial membrane, a process that leads to depolarization and Ca2+ release. Transient openings may be involved in physiological Ca2+ homeostasis while long-lasting openings may trigger and/or execute cell death. In this review we specifically focus (i) on the hypothesis that the PTP forms from the F-ATP synthase and (ii) on the mechanisms through which Ca2+ can reversibly switch this energy-conserving nanomachine into an energy-dissipating device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Giorgio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Lishu Guo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Bassot
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Valeria Petronilli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Italy.
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45
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Yadav KS, Miranda-Astudillo HV, Colina-Tenorio L, Bouillenne F, Degand H, Morsomme P, González-Halphen D, Boekema EJ, Cardol P. Atypical composition and structure of the mitochondrial dimeric ATP synthase from Euglena gracilis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:267-275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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46
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In situ structure of trypanosomal ATP synthase dimer reveals a unique arrangement of catalytic subunits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:992-997. [PMID: 28096380 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1612386114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We used electron cryotomography and subtomogram averaging to determine the in situ structures of mitochondrial ATP synthase dimers from two organisms belonging to the phylum euglenozoa: Trypanosoma brucei, a lethal human parasite, and Euglena gracilis, a photosynthetic protist. At a resolution of 32.5 Å and 27.5 Å, respectively, the two structures clearly exhibit a noncanonical F1 head, in which the catalytic (αβ)3 assembly forms a triangular pyramid rather than the pseudo-sixfold ring arrangement typical of all other ATP synthases investigated so far. Fitting of known X-ray structures reveals that this unusual geometry results from a phylum-specific cleavage of the α subunit, in which the C-terminal αC fragments are displaced by ∼20 Å and rotated by ∼30° from their expected positions. In this location, the αC fragment is unable to form the conserved catalytic interface that was thought to be essential for ATP synthesis, and cannot convert γ-subunit rotation into the conformational changes implicit in rotary catalysis. The new arrangement of catalytic subunits suggests that the mechanism of ATP generation by rotary ATPases is less strictly conserved than has been generally assumed. The ATP synthases of these organisms present a unique model system for discerning the individual contributions of the α and β subunits to the fundamental process of ATP synthesis.
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47
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Zulian A, Schiavone M, Giorgio V, Bernardi P. Forty years later: Mitochondria as therapeutic targets in muscle diseases. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113:563-573. [PMID: 27697642 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis that mitochondrial dysfunction can be a general mechanism for cell death in muscle diseases is 40 years old. The key elements of the proposed pathogenetic sequence (cytosolic Ca2+ overload followed by excess mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, functional and then structural damage of mitochondria, energy shortage, worsened elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ levels, hypercontracture of muscle fibers, cell necrosis) have been confirmed in amazing detail by subsequent work in a variety of models. The explicit implication of the hypothesis was that it "may provide the basis for a more rational treatment for some conditions even before their primary causes are known" (Wrogemann and Pena, 1976, Lancet, 1, 672-674). This prediction is being fulfilled, and the potential of mitochondria as pharmacological targets in muscle diseases may soon become a reality, particularly through inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and its regulator cyclophilin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Zulian
- CNR Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Schiavone
- CNR Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Giorgio
- CNR Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- CNR Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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48
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Barbot M, Meinecke M. Reconstitutions of mitochondrial inner membrane remodeling. J Struct Biol 2016; 196:20-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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49
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Diokmetzidou A, Soumaka E, Kloukina I, Tsikitis M, Makridakis M, Varela A, Davos CH, Georgopoulos S, Anesti V, Vlahou A, Capetanaki Y. Desmin and αB-crystallin interplay in the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis and cardiomyocyte survival. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:3705-3720. [PMID: 27566162 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.192203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of desmin with the α-crystallin Β-chain (αΒ-crystallin; encoded by CRYAB), and the fact that mutations in either one of them leads to heart failure in humans and mice, suggests a potential compensatory interplay between the two in cardioprotection. To address this hypothesis, we investigated the consequences of αΒ-crystallin overexpression in the desmin-deficient (Des-/-) mouse model, which possesses a combination of the pathologies found in most cardiomyopathies, with mitochondrial defects as a hallmark. We demonstrated that cardiac-specific αΒ-crystallin overexpression ameliorates all these defects and improves cardiac function to almost wild-type levels. Protection by αΒ-crystallin overexpression is linked to maintenance of proper mitochondrial protein levels, inhibition of abnormal mitochondrial permeability transition pore activation and maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm). Furthermore, we found that both desmin and αΒ-crystallin are localized at sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)-mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs), where they interact with VDAC, Mic60 - the core component of mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) complex - and ATP synthase, suggesting that these associations could be crucial in mitoprotection at different levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antigoni Diokmetzidou
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Elisavet Soumaka
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Ismini Kloukina
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Mary Tsikitis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Manousos Makridakis
- Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Aimilia Varela
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Constantinos H Davos
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Spiros Georgopoulos
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Anesti
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Yassemi Capetanaki
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
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50
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van der Laan M, Horvath SE, Pfanner N. Mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2016; 41:33-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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