1
|
Ragab EM, Khamis AA, Gamal DME, Mohamed TM. Comprehensive overview of how to fade into succinate dehydrogenase dysregulation in cancer cells by naringenin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles. GENES & NUTRITION 2024; 19:10. [PMID: 38802732 PMCID: PMC11131324 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-024-00740-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiration complexes play a crucial function. As a result, dysfunction or change is intimately associated with many different diseases, among them cancer. The epigenetic, evolutionary, and metabolic effects of mitochondrial complex IΙ are the primary concerns of our review. Provides novel insight into the vital role of naringenin (NAR) as an intriguing flavonoid phytochemical in cancer treatment. NAR is a significant phytochemical that is a member of the flavanone group of polyphenols and is mostly present in citrus fruits, such as grapefruits, as well as other fruits and vegetables, like tomatoes and cherries, as well as foods produced from medicinal herbs. The evidence that is now available indicates that NAR, an herbal remedy, has significant pharmacological qualities and anti-cancer effects. Through a variety of mechanisms, including the induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, restriction of angiogenesis, and modulation of several signaling pathways, NAR prevents the growth of cancer. However, the hydrophobic and crystalline structure of NAR is primarily responsible for its instability, limited oral bioavailability, and water solubility. Furthermore, there is no targeting and a high rate of breakdown in an acidic environment. These shortcomings are barriers to its efficient medical application. Improvement targeting NAR to mitochondrial complex ΙΙ by loading it on chitosan nanoparticles is a promising strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Ragab
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Abeer A Khamis
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Doaa M El Gamal
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Romero-Zerbo SY, Valverde N, Claros S, Zamorano-Gonzalez P, Boraldi F, Lofaro FD, Lara E, Pavia J, Garcia-Fernandez M, Gago B, Martin-Montañez E. New molecular mechanisms to explain the neuroprotective effects of insulin-like growth factor II in a cellular model of Parkinson's disease. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00049-3. [PMID: 38341032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One of the hallmarks of Parkinsońs Disease (PD) is oxidative distress, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) has been proven to have antioxidant and neuroprotective effects in some neurodegenerative diseases, including PD. Consequently, there isgrowing interest in understanding the different mechanisms involved in the neuroprotective effect of this hormone. OBJECTIVES To clarify the mechanism of action of IGF-II involved in the protective effect of this hormone. METHODS The present study was carried out on a cellular model PD based on the incubation of dopaminergic cells (SN4741) in a culture with the toxic 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), in the presence of IGF-II. This model undertakes proteomic analyses in order to understand which molecular cell pathways might be involved in the neuroprotective effect of IGF-II. The most important proteins found in the proteomic study were tested by Western blot, colorimetric enzymatic activity assay and immunocytochemistry. Along with the proteomic study, mitochondrial morphology and function were also studied by transmission electron microscopy and oxygen consumption rate. The cell cycle was also analysed using 7AAd/BrdU staining, and flow cytometry. RESULTS The results obtained indicate that MPP+, MPP++IGF-II treatment and IGF-II, when compared to control, modified the expression of 197, 246 proteins and 207 respectively. Some of these proteins were found to be involved in mitochondrial structure and function, and cell cycle regulation. Including IGF-II in the incubation medium prevents the cell damage induced by MPP+, recovering mitochondrial function and cell cycle dysregulation, and thereby decreasing apoptosis. CONCLUSION IGF-II improves mitochondrial dynamics by promoting the association of Mitofilin with mitochondria, regaining function and redox homeostasis. It also rebalances the cell cycle, reducing the amount of apoptosis and cell death by the regulation of transcription factors, such as Checkpoint kinase 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvana-Yanina Romero-Zerbo
- Departamento de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Malaga 29010, Spain
| | - Nadia Valverde
- Departamento de Farmacología y Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Malaga 29010, Spain
| | - Silvia Claros
- Departamento de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Malaga 29010, Spain
| | - Pablo Zamorano-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Malaga 29010, Spain
| | - Federica Boraldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita. Patologia Generale, Universita di Modena e Reggio Emilia 4112, Italy
| | - Francesco-Demetrio Lofaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita. Patologia Generale, Universita di Modena e Reggio Emilia 4112, Italy
| | - Estrella Lara
- Departamento de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Malaga 29010, Spain
| | - Jose Pavia
- Departamento de Farmacología y Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Malaga 29010, Spain.
| | - Maria Garcia-Fernandez
- Departamento de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Malaga 29010, Spain.
| | - Belen Gago
- Departamento de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Malaga 29010, Spain
| | - Elisa Martin-Montañez
- Departamento de Farmacología y Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Malaga 29010, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cao K, Xu J, Cao W, Wang X, Lv W, Zeng M, Zou X, Liu J, Feng Z. Assembly of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase in human health and disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 207:247-259. [PMID: 37490987 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), also known as electron transport chain (ETC) Complex II, is the only enzyme complex engaged in both oxidative phosphorylation and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. SDH has received increasing attention due to its crucial role in regulating mitochondrial metabolism and human health. Despite having the fewest subunits among the four ETC complexes, functional SDH is formed via a sequential and well-coordinated assembly of subunits. Along with the discovery of subunit-specific assembly factors, the dynamic involvement of the SDH assembly process in a broad range of diseases has been revealed. Recently, we reported that perturbation of SDH assembly in different tissues leads to interesting and distinct pathophysiological changes in mice, indicating a need to understand the intricate SDH assembly process in human health and diseases. Thus, in this review, we summarize recent findings on SDH pathogenesis with respect to disease and a focus on SDH assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Cao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China; Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenli Cao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xueqiang Wang
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Weiqiang Lv
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengqi Zeng
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Xuan Zou
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China; School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China.
| | - Zhihui Feng
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khalilov RA, Dzhafarova AM, Abdullaev VR. Activity and Catalytic Characteristics of Rat Liver Mitochondrial Succinate Dehydrogenase under Moderate Hypothermia. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350922060094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
|
5
|
Bennett CF, Latorre-Muro P, Puigserver P. Mechanisms of mitochondrial respiratory adaptation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:817-835. [PMID: 35804199 PMCID: PMC9926497 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00506-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial energetic adaptations encompass a plethora of conserved processes that maintain cell and organismal fitness and survival in the changing environment by adjusting the respiratory capacity of mitochondria. These mitochondrial responses are governed by general principles of regulatory biology exemplified by changes in gene expression, protein translation, protein complex formation, transmembrane transport, enzymatic activities and metabolite levels. These changes can promote mitochondrial biogenesis and membrane dynamics that in turn support mitochondrial respiration. The main regulatory components of mitochondrial energetic adaptation include: the transcription coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) coactivator 1α (PGC1α) and associated transcription factors; mTOR and endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling; TOM70-dependent mitochondrial protein import; the cristae remodelling factors, including mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) and OPA1; lipid remodelling; and the assembly and metabolite-dependent regulation of respiratory complexes. These adaptive molecular and structural mechanisms increase respiration to maintain basic processes specific to cell types and tissues. Failure to execute these regulatory responses causes cell damage and inflammation or senescence, compromising cell survival and the ability to adapt to energetically demanding conditions. Thus, mitochondrial adaptive cellular processes are important for physiological responses, including to nutrient availability, temperature and physical activity, and their failure leads to diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction such as metabolic and age-associated diseases and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F Bennett
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pedro Latorre-Muro
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pere Puigserver
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Staples JF, Mathers KE, Duffy BM. Mitochondrial Metabolism in Hibernation: Regulation and Implications. Physiology (Bethesda) 2022; 37:0. [PMID: 35658625 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00006.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hibernators rapidly and reversibly suppress mitochondrial respiration and whole animal metabolism. Posttranslational modifications likely regulate these mitochondrial changes, which may help conserve energy in winter. These modifications are affected by reactive oxygen species (ROS), so suppressing mitochondrial ROS production may also be important for hibernators, just as it is important for surviving ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James F Staples
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine E Mathers
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brynne M Duffy
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kotrasová V, Keresztesová B, Ondrovičová G, Bauer JA, Havalová H, Pevala V, Kutejová E, Kunová N. Mitochondrial Kinases and the Role of Mitochondrial Protein Phosphorylation in Health and Disease. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020082. [PMID: 33498615 PMCID: PMC7912454 DOI: 10.3390/life11020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The major role of mitochondria is to provide cells with energy, but no less important are their roles in responding to various stress factors and the metabolic changes and pathological processes that might occur inside and outside the cells. The post-translational modification of proteins is a fast and efficient way for cells to adapt to ever changing conditions. Phosphorylation is a post-translational modification that signals these changes and propagates these signals throughout the whole cell, but it also changes the structure, function and interaction of individual proteins. In this review, we summarize the influence of kinases, the proteins responsible for phosphorylation, on mitochondrial biogenesis under various cellular conditions. We focus on their role in keeping mitochondria fully functional in healthy cells and also on the changes in mitochondrial structure and function that occur in pathological processes arising from the phosphorylation of mitochondrial proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kotrasová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
| | - Barbora Keresztesová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Ondrovičová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
| | - Jacob A. Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
| | - Henrieta Havalová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
| | - Vladimír Pevala
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
| | - Eva Kutejová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Nina Kunová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (N.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Role of tyrosine phosphorylation in modulating cancer cell metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188442. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
9
|
Hunter CA, Koc H, Koc EC. c-Src kinase impairs the expression of mitochondrial OXPHOS complexes in liver cancer. Cell Signal 2020; 72:109651. [PMID: 32335258 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Src family kinases (SFKs) play a crucial role in the regulation of multiple cellular pathways, including mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Aberrant activities of one of the most predominant SFKs, c-Src, was identified as a fundamental cause for dysfunctional cell signaling and implicated in cancer development and metastasis, especially in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recent work in our laboratory revealed that c-Src is implicated in the regulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism in cancer. In this study, we investigated the effect of c-Src expression on mitochondrial energy metabolism by examining changes in the expression and activities of OXPHOS complexes in liver cancer biopsies and cell lines. An increased expression of c-Src was correlated with an impaired expression of nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded subunits of OXPHOS complexes I and IV, respectively, in metastatic biopsies and cell lines. Additionally, we observed a similar association between high c-Src and reduced OXPHOS complex expression and activity in mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cell lines. Interestingly, the inhibition of c-Src kinase activity with the SFK inhibitor PP2 and c-Src siRNA stimulated the expression of complex I and IV subunits and increased their enzymatic activities in both cancer and normal cells. Evidence provided in this study reveals that c-Src impairs the expression and function of mitochondrial OXPHOS complexes, resulting in a significant defect in mitochondrial energy metabolism, which can be a contributing factor to the development and progression of liver cancer. Furthermore, our findings strongly suggest that SFK inhibitors should be used in the treatment of HCC and other cancers with aberrant c-Src kinase activity to improve mitochondrial energy metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Hunter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Hasan Koc
- Department of Pharmacological Science and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States.
| | - Emine C Koc
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Moosavi B, Zhu XL, Yang WC, Yang GF. Genetic, epigenetic and biochemical regulation of succinate dehydrogenase function. Biol Chem 2020; 401:319-330. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSuccinate dehydrogenase (SDH), complex II or succinate:quinone oxidoreductase (SQR) is a crucial enzyme involved in both the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), the two primary metabolic pathways for generating ATP. Impaired function of SDH results in deleterious disorders from cancer to neurodegeneration. SDH function is tailored to meet the energy demands in different cell types. Thus, understanding how SDH function is regulated and how it operates in distinct cell types can support the development of therapeutic approaches against the diseases. In this article we discuss the molecular pathways which regulate SDH function and describe extra roles played by SDH in specific cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Behrooz Moosavi
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-lei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dalla Pozza E, Dando I, Pacchiana R, Liboi E, Scupoli MT, Donadelli M, Palmieri M. Regulation of succinate dehydrogenase and role of succinate in cancer. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 98:4-14. [PMID: 31039394 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) has been classically considered a mitochondrial enzyme with the unique property to participate in both the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain. However, in recent years, several studies have highlighted the role of the SDH substrate, i.e. succinate, in biological processes other than metabolism, tumorigenesis being the most remarkable. For this reason, SDH has now been defined a tumor suppressor and succinate an oncometabolite. In this review, we discuss recent findings regarding alterations in SDH activity leading to succinate accumulation, which include SDH mutations, regulation of mRNA expression, post-translational modifications and endogenous SDH inhibitors. Further, we report an extensive examination of the role of succinate in cancer development through the induction of epigenetic and metabolic alterations and the effects on epithelial to mesenchymal transition, cell migration and invasion, and angiogenesis. Finally, we have focused on succinate and SDH as diagnostic markers for cancers having altered SDH expression/activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Dalla Pozza
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Dando
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Raffaella Pacchiana
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elio Liboi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Scupoli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Research Center LURM (Interdepartmental Laboratory of Medical Research), University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Marta Palmieri
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dando I, Pozza ED, Ambrosini G, Torrens-Mas M, Butera G, Mullappilly N, Pacchiana R, Palmieri M, Donadelli M. Oncometabolites in cancer aggressiveness and tumour repopulation. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1530-1546. [PMID: 30972955 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumour repopulation is recognized as a crucial event in tumour relapse where therapy-sensitive dying cancer cells influence the tumour microenvironment to sustain therapy-resistant cancer cell growth. Recent studies highlight the role of the oncometabolites succinate, fumarate, and 2-hydroxyglutarate in the aggressiveness of cancer cells and in the worsening of the patient's clinical outcome. These oncometabolites can be produced and secreted by cancer and/or surrounding cells, modifying the tumour microenvironment and sustaining an invasive neoplastic phenotype. In this review, we report recent findings concerning the role in cancer development of succinate, fumarate, and 2-hydroxyglutarate and the regulation of their related enzymes succinate dehydrogenase, fumarate hydratase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase. We propose that oncometabolites are crucially involved in tumour repopulation. The study of the mechanisms underlying the relationship between oncometabolites and tumour repopulation is fundamental for identifying efficient anti-cancer therapeutic strategies and novel serum biomarkers in order to overcome cancer relapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Dando
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Dalla Pozza
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Giulia Ambrosini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Margalida Torrens-Mas
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, E-07122, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, edificio S, Palma de Mallorca, E-07120, Spain
| | - Giovanna Butera
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Nidula Mullappilly
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Raffaella Pacchiana
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Marta Palmieri
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Complex II phosphorylation is triggered by unbalanced redox homeostasis in cells lacking complex III. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1859:182-190. [PMID: 29269267 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A marked stimulation of complex II enzymatic activity was detected in cybrids bearing a homoplasmic MTCYB microdeletion causing disruption of both the activity and the assembly of complex III, but not in cybrids harbouring another MTCYB mutation affecting only the complex III activity. Moreover, complex II stimulation was associated with SDHA subunit tyrosine phosphorylation. Despite the lack of detectable hydrogen peroxide production, up-regulation of the levels of mitochondrial antioxidant defenses revealed a significant redox unbalance. This effect was also supported by the finding that treatment with N-acetylcysteine dampened the complex II stimulation, SDHA subunit tyrosine phosphorylation, and levels of antioxidant enzymes. In the absence of complex III, the cellular amount of succinate, but not fumarate, was markedly increased, indicating that enhanced activity of complex II is hampered due to the blockage of respiratory electron flow. Thus, we propose that complex II phosphorylation and stimulation of its activity represent a molecular mechanism triggered by perturbation of mitochondrial redox homeostasis due to severe dysfunction of respiratory complexes. Depending on the site and nature of the damage, complex II stimulation can either bypass the energetic deficit as an efficient compensatory mechanism, or be ineffectual, leaving cells to rely on glycolysis for survival.
Collapse
|
14
|
Diet-resistant obesity is characterized by a distinct plasma proteomic signature and impaired muscle fiber metabolism. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 42:353-362. [PMID: 29151592 PMCID: PMC5880582 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Inter-individual variability in weight loss during obesity treatment is complex and poorly understood. Here we use whole body and tissue approaches to investigate fuel oxidation characteristics in skeletal muscle fibers, cells and distinct circulating protein biomarkers before and after a high fat meal (HFM) challenge in those who lost the most (obese diet-sensitive; ODS) vs the least (obese diet-resistant; ODR) amount of weight in a highly controlled weight management program. Subjects/Methods: In 20 weight stable-matched ODS and ODR women who previously completed a standardized clinical weight loss program, we analyzed whole-body energetics and metabolic parameters in vastus lateralis biopsies and plasma samples that were obtained in the fasting state and 6 h after a defined HFM, equivalent to 35% of total daily energy requirements. Results: At baseline (fasting) and post-HFM, muscle fatty acid oxidation and maximal oxidative phosphorylation were significantly greater in ODS vs ODR, as was reactive oxygen species emission. Plasma proteomics of 1130 proteins pre and 1, 2, 5 and 6 h after the HFM demonstrated distinct group and interaction differences. Group differences identified S-formyl glutathione hydratase, heat shock 70 kDA protein 1A/B (HSP72), and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5 (eIF5) to be higher in ODS vs ODR. Group-time differences included aryl hydrocarbon interacting protein (AIP), peptidylpropyl isomerase D (PPID) and tyrosine protein-kinase Fgr, which increased in ODR vs ODS over time. HSP72 levels correlated with muscle oxidation and citrate synthase activity. These proteins circulate in exosomes; exosomes isolated from ODS plasma increased resting, leak and maximal respiration rates in C2C12 myotubes by 58%, 21% and 51%, respectively, vs those isolated from ODR plasma. Conclusions: Findings demonstrate distinct muscle metabolism and plasma proteomics in fasting and post-HFM states corresponding in diet-sensitive vs diet-resistant obese women.
Collapse
|
15
|
Singh DK, Deshmukh RK, Narayanan PK, Shivaji S, Siva AB. SRC family kinases in hamster spermatozoa: evidence for the presence of LCK. Reproduction 2017; 153:655-669. [PMID: 28250239 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Sperm capacitation is a prerequisite for successful fertilization. Increase in tyrosine phosphorylation is considered the hallmark of capacitation and attempts to understand its regulation are ongoing. In this regard, we attempted to study the role of SRC family kinases (SFKs) in the hamster sperm functions. Interestingly, we found the presence of the lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase, LCK, in mammalian spermatozoa and further characterized it in terms of its localization and function. LCK was found in spermatozoa of several species, and its transcript was identified in the hamster testis. Autophosphorylation of LCK at the Y394 residue increased as capacitation progressed, indicating an upregulation of LCK activity during capacitation. Inhibition of LCK (and perhaps the other SFKs) with the use of a specific inhibitor showed a significant decrease in protein tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins, implying LCK/SFKs as key tyrosine kinase(s) regulating tyrosine phosphorylation during hamster sperm capacitation. Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase was identified as a substrate for LCK/SFK. LCK/SFKs inhibition significantly reduced the percentage fertilization (in vitro) but had no effect on sperm motility, hyperactivation and acrosome reaction. In summary, this is the first report on the presence of LCK, an SFK of hematopoietic lineage in spermatozoa besides being the first study on the role of SFKs in the spermatozoa of Syrian hamsters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sisinthy Shivaji
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular BiologyHyderabad 500007, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bezawork-Geleta A, Rohlena J, Dong L, Pacak K, Neuzil J. Mitochondrial Complex II: At the Crossroads. Trends Biochem Sci 2017; 42:312-325. [PMID: 28185716 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial complex II (CII), also called succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), is a central purveyor of the reprogramming of metabolic and respiratory adaptation in response to various intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli and abnormalities. In this review we discuss recent findings regarding SDH biogenesis, which requires four known assembly factors, and modulation of its enzymatic activity by acetylation, succinylation, phosphorylation, and proteolysis. We further focus on the emerging role of both genetic and epigenetic aberrations leading to SDH dysfunction associated with various clinical manifestations. This review also covers the recent discovery of the role of SDH in inflammation-linked pathologies. Conceivably, SDH is a potential target for several hard-to-treat conditions, including cancer, that remains to be fully exploited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jakub Rohlena
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lanfeng Dong
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Karel Pacak
- Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia; Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mechanistic Role of Kinases in the Regulation of Mitochondrial Fitness. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 982:521-528. [PMID: 28551804 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55330-6_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that mitochondria contain multiple phosphorylation substrates and that protein kinases translocate into mitochondria, suggesting that protein phosphorylation in this organelle could be fundamental for the regulation of its own function. Here we examine the mechanistic role of cellular kinases in the fine regulation of key mitochondrial activities, including mitochondrial quality control, fission/fusion processes, metabolism, and mitophagy.
Collapse
|
18
|
Grancara S, Zonta F, Ohkubo S, Brunati AM, Agostinelli E, Toninello A. Pathophysiological implications of mitochondrial oxidative stress mediated by mitochondriotropic agents and polyamines: the role of tyrosine phosphorylation. Amino Acids 2015; 47:869-83. [PMID: 25792113 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-1964-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria, once merely considered as the "powerhouse" of cells, as they generate more than 90 % of cellular ATP, are now known to play a central role in many metabolic processes, including oxidative stress and apoptosis. More than 40 known human diseases are the result of excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), bioenergetic collapse and dysregulated apoptosis. Mitochondria are the main source of ROS in cells, due to the activity of the respiratory chain. In normal physiological conditions, ROS generation is limited by the anti-oxidant enzymatic systems in mitochondria. However, disregulation of the activity of these enzymes or interaction of respiratory complexes with mitochondriotropic agents may lead to a rise in ROS concentrations, resulting in oxidative stress, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) induction and triggering of the apoptotic pathway. ROS concentration is also increased by the activity of amine oxidases located inside and outside mitochondria, with oxidation of biogenic amines and polyamines. However, it should also be recalled that, depending on its concentration, the polyamine spermine can also protect against stress caused by ROS scavenging. In higher organisms, cell signaling pathways are the main regulators in energy production, since they act at the level of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and participate in the induction of the MPT. Thus, respiratory complexes, ATP synthase and transition pore components are the targets of tyrosine kinases and phosphatases. Increased ROS may also regulate the tyrosine phosphorylation of target proteins by activating Src kinases or phosphatases, preventing or inducing a number of pathological states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Grancara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale U. Bassi 58B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nath AK, Ryu JH, Jin YN, Roberts LD, Dejam A, Gerszten RE, Peterson RT. PTPMT1 Inhibition Lowers Glucose through Succinate Dehydrogenase Phosphorylation. Cell Rep 2015; 10:694-701. [PMID: 25660020 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Virtually all organisms seek to maximize fitness by matching fuel availability with energy expenditure. In vertebrates, glucose homeostasis is central to this process, with glucose levels finely tuned to match changing energy requirements. To discover new pathways regulating glucose levels in vivo, we performed a large-scale chemical screen in live zebrafish and identified the small molecule alexidine as a potent glucose-lowering agent. We found that alexidine inhibits the PTEN-like mitochondrial phosphatase PTPMT1 and that other pharmacological and genetic means of inactivating PTPMT1 also decrease glucose levels in zebrafish. Mutation of ptpmt1 eliminates the effect of alexidine, further confirming it as the glucose-lowering target of alexidine. We then identified succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) as a substrate of PTPMT1. Inactivation of PTPMT1 causes hyperphosphorylation and activation of SDH, providing a possible mechanism by which PTPMT1 coordinates glucose homeostasis. Therefore, PTPMT1 appears to be an important regulator of SDH phosphorylation status and glucose concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali K Nath
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Justine H Ryu
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Youngnam N Jin
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Lee D Roberts
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Andre Dejam
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hofer A, Wenz T. Post-translational modification of mitochondria as a novel mode of regulation. Exp Gerontol 2014; 56:202-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
21
|
Acín-Pérez R, Carrascoso I, Baixauli F, Roche-Molina M, Latorre-Pellicer A, Fernández-Silva P, Mittelbrunn M, Sanchez-Madrid F, Pérez-Martos A, Lowell CA, Manfredi G, Enríquez JA. ROS-triggered phosphorylation of complex II by Fgr kinase regulates cellular adaptation to fuel use. Cell Metab 2014; 19:1020-33. [PMID: 24856931 PMCID: PMC4274740 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Electron flux in the mitochondrial electron transport chain is determined by the superassembly of mitochondrial respiratory complexes. Different superassemblies are dedicated to receive electrons derived from NADH or FADH2, allowing cells to adapt to the particular NADH/FADH2 ratio generated from available fuel sources. When several fuels are available, cells adapt to the fuel best suited to their type or functional status (e.g., quiescent versus proliferative). We show that an appropriate proportion of superassemblies can be achieved by increasing CII activity through phosphorylation of the complex II catalytic subunit FpSDH. This phosphorylation is mediated by the tyrosine-kinase Fgr, which is activated by hydrogen peroxide. Ablation of Fgr or mutation of the FpSDH target tyrosine abolishes the capacity of mitochondria to adjust metabolism upon nutrient restriction, hypoxia/reoxygenation, and T cell activation, demonstrating the physiological relevance of this adaptive response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Acín-Pérez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Carrascoso
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Baixauli
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Roche-Molina
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Latorre-Pellicer
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricio Fernández-Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Mittelbrunn
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sanchez-Madrid
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Acisclo Pérez-Martos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Clifford A Lowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Giovanni Manfredi
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - José Antonio Enríquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zang Q, Wolf SE, Minei JP. Sepsis-induced Cardiac Mitochondrial Damage and Potential Therapeutic Interventions in the Elderly. Aging Dis 2014; 5:137-49. [PMID: 24729939 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2014.0500137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of sepsis and its attendant mortality risk are significantly increased with aging. Thus, severe sepsis in the elderly is likely to become an emerging concern in critical care units. Cardiac dysfunction is an important component of multi-organ failure after sepsis. In our laboratory, utilizing a pneumonia-related sepsis animal model, our research has been focused on the mechanisms underlying sepsis-induced cardiac failure. In this review, based on findings from others and ours, we discussed age-dependent decay in mitochondria and the role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) in sepsis-induced cardiac inflammation and autophagy. Our recent discovery of a potential signal transduction pathway that triggers myocardial mitochondrial damage is also discussed. Because of the significance of mitochondria damage in the aging process and in sepsis pathogenesis, we hypothesize that specific enhancing mitochondrial antioxidant defense by mitochondria-targeted antioxidants (MTAs) may provide important therapeutic potential in treating elder sepsis patients. In this review, we summarized the categories of currently published MTA molecules and the results of preclinical evaluation of MTAs in sepsis and aging models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven E Wolf
- Departments of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Joseph P Minei
- Departments of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lushchak OV, Piroddi M, Galli F, Lushchak VI. Aconitase post-translational modification as a key in linkage between Krebs cycle, iron homeostasis, redox signaling, and metabolism of reactive oxygen species. Redox Rep 2013; 19:8-15. [PMID: 24266943 DOI: 10.1179/1351000213y.0000000073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aconitase, an enzyme possessing an iron-sulfur cluster that is sensitive to oxidation, is involved in the regulation of cellular metabolism. There are two isoenzymes of aconitase (Aco)--mitochondrial (mAco) and cytosolic (cAco) ones. The primary role of mAdco is believed to be to control cellular ATP production via regulation of intermediate flux in the Krebs cycle. The cytosolic Aco in its reduced form operates as an enzyme, whereas in the oxidized form it is involved in the control of iron homeostasis as iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a central role in regulation of Aco functions. Catalytic Aco activity is regulated by reversible oxidation of [4Fe-4S]²⁺ cluster and cysteine residues, so redox-dependent posttranslational modifications (PTMs) have gained increasing consideration as regards possible regulatory effects. These include modifications of cysteine residues by oxidation, nitrosylation and thiolation, as well as Tyr nitration and oxidation of Lys residues to carbonyls. Redox-independent PTMs such as phosphorylation and transamination also have been described. In the presence of a sustained ROS flux, redox-dependent PTMs may lead to enzyme damage and cell stress by impaired energy and iron metabolism. Aconitase has been identified as a protein that undergoes oxidative modification and inactivation in aging and certain oxidative stress-related disorders. Here we describe possible mechanisms of involvement of the two aconitase isoforms, cAco and mAco, in the control of cell metabolism and iron homeostasis, balancing the regulatory, and damaging effects of ROS.
Collapse
|
24
|
Padrão AI, Vitorino R, Duarte JA, Ferreira R, Amado F. Unraveling the phosphoproteome dynamics in mammal mitochondria from a network perspective. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:4257-67. [PMID: 23964737 DOI: 10.1021/pr4003917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
With mitochondrion garnering more attention for its inextricable involvement in pathophysiological conditions, it seems imperative to understand the means by which the molecular pathways harbored in this organelle are regulated. Protein phosphorylation has been considered a central event in cellular signaling and, more recently, in the modulation of mitochondrial activity. Efforts have been made to understand the molecular mechanisms by which protein phosphorylation regulates mitochondrial signaling. With the advances in mass-spectrometry-based proteomics, there is a substantial hope and expectation in the increased knowledge of protein phosphorylation profile and its mode of regulation. On the basis of phosphorylation profiles, attempts have been made to disclose the kinases involved and how they control the molecular processes in mitochondria and, consequently, the cellular outcomes. Still, few studies have focused on mitochondrial phosphoproteome profiling, particularly in diseases. The present study reviews current data on protein phosphorylation profiling in mitochondria, the potential kinases involved and how pathophysiological conditions modulate the mitochondrial phosphoproteome. To integrate data from distinct research papers, we performed network analysis, with bioinformatic tools like Cytoscape, String, and PANTHER taking into consideration variables such as tissue specificity, biological processes, molecular functions, and pathophysiological conditions. For instance, data retrieved from these analyses evidence some homology in the mitochondrial phosphoproteome among liver and heart, with proteins from transport and oxidative phosphorylation clusters particularly susceptible to phosphorylation. A distinct profile was noticed for adipocytes, with proteins form metabolic processes, namely, triglycerides metabolism, as the main targets of phosphorylation. Regarding disease conditions, more phosphorylated proteins were observed in diabetics with some distinct phosphoproteins identified in type 2 prediabetic states and early type 2 diabetes mellitus. Heart-failure-related phosphorylated proteins are in much lower amount and are mainly involved in transport and metabolism. Nevertheless, technical considerations related to mitochondria isolation and protein separation should be considered in data comparison among different proteomic studies. Data from the present review will certainly open new perspectives of protein phosphorylation in mitochondria and will help to envisage future studies targeting the underlying regulatory mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Padrão
- QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sakai C, Tomitsuka E, Miyagishi M, Harada S, Kita K. Type II Fp of human mitochondrial respiratory complex II and its role in adaptation to hypoxia and nutrition-deprived conditions. Mitochondrion 2013; 13:602-9. [PMID: 24008124 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The flavoprotein (Fp) subunit of human mitochondrial succinate-ubiquinone reductase (SQR, complex II) has isoforms (type I, type II). Type II Fp is predominantly expressed in some cancer and fetal tissues and those tissues are often exposed to ischemia. The present study shows that complex II with type II Fp has lower optimal pH than complex II with type I Fp, and type II Fp mRNA expression was induced by ischemia. The result suggests complex II with type II Fp may function in cells with low mitochondrial matrix pH caused by ischemia and its function is related to cellular adaptation to ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chika Sakai
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Baysal BE. Mitochondrial complex II and genomic imprinting in inheritance of paraganglioma tumors. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1827:573-7. [PMID: 23291190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Germ line heterozygous mutations in the structural subunit genes of mitochondrial complex II (succinate dehydrogenase; SDH) and the regulatory gene SDHAF2 predispose to paraganglioma tumors which show constitutive activation of hypoxia inducible pathways. Mutations in SDHD and SDHAF2 cause highly penetrant multifocal tumor development after a paternal transmission, whereas maternal transmission rarely, if ever, leads to tumor development. This transmission pattern is consistent with genomic imprinting. Recent molecular evidence supports a model for tissue-specific imprinted regulation of the SDHD gene by a long range epigenetic mechanism. In addition, there is evidence of SDHB mRNA editing in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and long-term balancing selection operating on the SDHA gene. Regulation of SDH subunit expression by diverse epigenetic mechanisms implicates a crucial dosage-dependent role for SDH in oxygen homeostasis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Respiratory complex II: Role in cellular physiology and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bora E Baysal
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kluckova K, Bezawork-Geleta A, Rohlena J, Dong L, Neuzil J. Mitochondrial complex II, a novel target for anti-cancer agents. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2012; 1827:552-64. [PMID: 23142170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 10/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
With the arrival of the third millennium, in spite of unprecedented progress in molecular medicine, cancer remains as untamed as ever. The complexity of tumours, dictating the potential response of cancer cells to anti-cancer agents, has been recently highlighted in a landmark paper by Weinberg and Hanahan on hallmarks of cancer [1]. Together with the recently published papers on the complexity of tumours in patients and even within the same tumour (see below), the cure for this pathology seems to be an elusive goal. Indisputably, the strategy ought to be changed, searching for targets that are generally invariant across the landscape of neoplastic diseases. One such target appears to be the mitochondrial complex II (CII) of the electron transfer chain, a recent focus of research. We document and highlight this particularly intriguing target in this review paper and give examples of drugs that use CII as their molecular target. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Respiratory complex II: Role in cellular physiology and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Kluckova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ogura M, Yamaki J, Homma M, Homma Y. Mitochondrial c-Src regulates cell survival through phosphorylation of respiratory chain components. Biochem J 2012; 447:281-9. [PMID: 22823520 PMCID: PMC3459221 DOI: 10.1042/bj20120509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial protein tyrosine phosphorylation is an important mechanism for the modulation of mitochondrial functions. In the present study, we have identified novel substrates of c-Src in mitochondria and investigated their function in the regulation of oxidative phosphorylation. The Src family kinase inhibitor PP2 {amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl) pyrazolo [3,4d] pyrimidine} exhibits significant reduction of respiration. Similar results were obtained from cells expressing kinase-dead c-Src, which harbours a mitochondrial-targeting sequence. Phosphorylation-site analysis selects c-Src targets, including NDUFV2 (NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2) at Tyr(193) of respiratory complex I and SDHA (succinate dehydrogenase A) at Tyr(215) of complex II. The phosphorylation of these sites by c-Src is supported by an in vivo assay using cells expressing their phosphorylation-defective mutants. Comparison of cells expressing wild-type proteins and their mutants reveals that NDUFV2 phosphorylation is required for NADH dehydrogenase activity, affecting respiration activity and cellular ATP content. SDHA phosphorylation shows no effect on enzyme activity, but perturbed electron transfer, which induces reactive oxygen species. Loss of viability is observed in T98G cells and the primary neurons expressing these mutants. These results suggest that mitochondrial c-Src regulates the oxidative phosphorylation system by phosphorylating respiratory components and that c-Src activity is essential for cell viability.
Collapse
Key Words
- cell death
- energy metabolism
- mitochondrion
- src
- tyrosine kinase
- reactive oxygen species (ros)
- ant, adenine nucleotide translocase
- bn, blue native
- ca, constitutive-active
- cox, cytochrome c oxidase
- csk, c-terminal src kinase
- ddm, n-dodecyl-β-d-maltoside
- 2-de, two-dimensional page
- he, hydroethidine
- hek, human embryonic kidney
- ipg, immobilized ph gradient
- kd, kinase-dead
- ldh, lactate dehydrogenase
- mab, monoclonal antibody
- map2, microtubule-associated protein 2
- mts, mitochondria-targeting sequence
- nbt, nitro blue tetrazolium
- ndufb10, nadh dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1β subcomplex subunit 10
- ndufv2, nadh dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2
- pi, propidium iodide
- pms, phenazine methosulfate
- pp2, amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl) pyrazolo [3,4d] pyrimidine
- ros, reactive oxygen species
- sdha, succinate dehydrogenase a
- sfk, src family kinase
- ucp, uncoupling protein
- vlcad, very long chain acyl-coa dehydrogenase
- wt, wild-type
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Ogura
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Junko Yamaki
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Miwako K. Homma
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Homma
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zang QS, Martinez B, Yao X, Maass DL, Ma L, Wolf SE, Minei JP. Sepsis-induced cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction involves altered mitochondrial-localization of tyrosine kinase Src and tyrosine phosphatase SHP2. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43424. [PMID: 22952679 PMCID: PMC3428365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous research demonstrated that sepsis produces mitochondrial dysfunction with increased mitochondrial oxidative stress in the heart. The present study investigated the role of mitochondria-localized signaling molecules, tyrosine kinase Src and tyrosine phosphatase SHP2, in sepsis-induced cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction using a rat pneumonia-related sepsis model. SD rats were given an intratracheal injection of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 4×10(6) CFU per rat, (or vehicle for shams); heart tissues were then harvested and subcellular fractions were prepared. By Western blot, we detected a gradual and significant decrease in Src and an increase in SHP2 in cardiac mitochondria within 24 hours post-inoculation. Furthermore, at 24 hours post-inoculation, sepsis caused a near 70% reduction in tyrosine phosphorylation of all cardiac mitochondrial proteins. Decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of certain mitochondrial structural proteins (porin, cyclophilin D and cytochrome C) and functional proteins (complex II subunit 30kD and complex I subunit NDUFB8) were evident in the hearts of septic rats. In vitro, pre-treatment of mitochondrial fractions with recombinant active Src kinase elevated OXPHOS complex I and II-III activity, whereas the effect of SHP2 phosphatase was opposite. Neither Src nor SHP2 affected complex IV and V activity under the same conditions. By immunoprecipitation, we showed that Src and SHP2 consistently interacted with complex I and III in the heart, suggesting that complex I and III contain putative substrates of Src and SHP2. In addition, in vitro treatment of mitochondrial fractions with active Src suppressed sepsis-associated mtROS production and protected aconitase activity, an indirect marker of mitochondrial oxidative stress. On the contrary, active SHP2 phosphatase overproduced mtROS and deactivated aconitase under the same in vitro conditions. In conclusion, our data suggest that changes in mitochondria-localized signaling molecules Src and SHP2 constitute a potential signaling pathway to affect mitochondrial dysfunction in the heart during sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qun S Zang
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hebert-Chatelain E. Src kinases are important regulators of mitochondrial functions. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 45:90-8. [PMID: 22951354 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria produce the most part of the energy used by the cells. This energetic production occurs through the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) process. Mitochondrial functions such as OXPHOS need to be tightly regulated to respect the needs of cells. Phosphorylation of mitochondrial proteins now appears as a major regulation pathway of mitochondrial functions. Several kinases and phosphatases are specifically targeted to mitochondria where they modulate mitochondrial functions. However, we still poorly understand the extent of tyrosine phosphorylation events on mitochondrial metabolism. Among the tyrosine-kinases observed in mitochondria, Src kinases emerge as key players. In the past years, several mitochondrial proteins were shown to be substrates of Src kinases. Notably, these kinases can impact greatly OXPHOS and apoptosis. Important regulators of Src kinases activity are also observed in mitochondria. The aim of this review is to summarize the recent findings on how overall mitochondrial tyrosine phosphorylation events and more specifically Src kinases can influence mitochondrial functions. The different mechanisms of Src kinases regulation and translocation into mitochondria will be also discussed. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: Bioenergetic dysfunction, adaptation and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Hebert-Chatelain
- INSERM-U688 Physiopathologie Mitochondriale, Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux 33076, France.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Covian R, Balaban RS. Cardiac mitochondrial matrix and respiratory complex protein phosphorylation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 303:H940-66. [PMID: 22886415 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00077.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It has become appreciated over the last several years that protein phosphorylation within the cardiac mitochondrial matrix and respiratory complexes is extensive. Given the importance of oxidative phosphorylation and the balance of energy metabolism in the heart, the potential regulatory effect of these classical signaling events on mitochondrial function is of interest. However, the functional impact of protein phosphorylation and the kinase/phosphatase system responsible for it are relatively unknown. Exceptions include the well-characterized pyruvate dehydrogenase and branched chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase regulatory system. The first task of this review is to update the current status of protein phosphorylation detection primarily in the matrix and evaluate evidence linking these events with enzymatic function or protein processing. To manage the scope of this effort, we have focused on the pathways involved in energy metabolism. The high sensitivity of modern methods of detecting protein phosphorylation and the low specificity of many kinases suggests that detection of protein phosphorylation sites without information on the mole fraction of phosphorylation is difficult to interpret, especially in metabolic enzymes, and is likely irrelevant to function. However, several systems including protein translocation, adenine nucleotide translocase, cytochrome c, and complex IV protein phosphorylation have been well correlated with enzymatic function along with the classical dehydrogenase systems. The second task is to review the current understanding of the kinase/phosphatase system within the matrix. Though it is clear that protein phosphorylation occurs within the matrix, based on (32)P incorporation and quantitative mass spectrometry measures, the kinase/phosphatase system responsible for this process is ill-defined. An argument is presented that remnants of the much more labile bacterial protein phosphoryl transfer system may be present in the matrix and that the evaluation of this possibility will require the application of approaches developed for bacterial cell signaling to the mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raul Covian
- Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Salvi M, Trashi E, Cozza G, Franchin C, Arrigoni G, Pinna LA. Investigation on PLK2 and PLK3 substrate recognition. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2012; 1824:1366-73. [PMID: 22828320 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Analyses of human phosphoproteome based on primary structure of the aminoacids surrounding the phosphor Ser/Thr suggest that a significant proportion of phosphosites is generated by a restricted number of acidophilic kinases, among which protein kinase CK2 plays a prominent role. Recently, new acidophilic kinases belonging to the Polo like kinase family have been characterized, with special reference to PLK1, PLK2, and PLK3 kinases. While some progress has been made in deciphering the PLK1-dependent phosphoproteome, very little is known about the targets of PLK2 and PLK3 kinases. In this report by using an in vitro approach, consisting of cell lysate phosphorylation, phosphoprotein separation by 2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, we describe the identification of new potential substrates of PLK2 and PLK3 kinases. We have identified and validated as in vitro PLK2 and PLK3 substrates HSP90, GRP-94, β-tubulin, calumenin, and 14-3-3 epsilon. The phosphosites generated by PLK3 in these proteins have been identified by mass spectrometry analysis to get new insights about PLKs specificity determinants. These latter have been further corroborated by an in silico analysis of the PLKs substrate binding region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Salvi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gaster M, Nehlin JO, Minet AD. Impaired TCA cycle flux in mitochondria in skeletal muscle from type 2 diabetic subjects: marker or maker of the diabetic phenotype? Arch Physiol Biochem 2012; 118:156-89. [PMID: 22385297 DOI: 10.3109/13813455.2012.656653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The diabetic phenotype is complex, requiring elucidation of key initiating defects. Recent research has shown that diabetic myotubes express a primary reduced tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle flux. A reduced TCA cycle flux has also been shown both in insulin resistant offspring of T2D patients and exercising T2D patients in vivo. This review will discuss the latest advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating the TCA cycle with focus on possible underlying mechanism which could explain the impaired TCA flux in insulin resistant human skeletal muscle in type 2 diabetes. A reduced TCA is both a marker and a maker of the diabetic phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gaster
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sakai C, Tomitsuka E, Esumi H, Harada S, Kita K. Mitochondrial fumarate reductase as a target of chemotherapy: From parasites to cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:643-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
35
|
Tomitsuka E, Kita K, Esumi H. An anticancer agent, pyrvinium pamoate inhibits the NADH-fumarate reductase system--a unique mitochondrial energy metabolism in tumour microenvironments. J Biochem 2012; 152:171-83. [PMID: 22528668 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvs041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased glycolysis is the principal explanation for how cancer cells generate energy in the absence of oxygen. However, in actual human tumour microenvironments, hypoxia is often associated with hypoglycemia because of the poor blood supply. Therefore, glycolysis cannot be the sole mechanism for the maintenance of the energy status in cancers. To understand energy metabolism in cancer cells under hypoxia-hypoglycemic conditions mimicking the tumour microenvironments, we examined the NADH-fumarate reductase (NADH-FR) system, which functions in parasites under hypoxic condition, as a candidate mechanism. In human cancer cells (DLD-1, Panc-1 and HepG2) cultured under hypoxic-hypoglycemic conditions, NADH-FR activity, which is composed of the activities of complex I (NADH-ubiquinone reductase) and the reverse reaction of complex II (quinol-FR), increased, whereas NADH-oxidase activity decreased. Pyrvinium pamoate (PP), which is an anthelmintic and has an anti-cancer effect within tumour-mimicking microenvironments, inhibited NADH-FR activities in both parasites and mammalian mitochondria. Moreover, PP increased the activity of complex II (succinate-ubiquinone reductase) in mitochondria from human cancer cells cultured under normoxia-normoglycemic conditions but not under hypoxia-hypoglycemic conditions. These results indicate that the NADH-FR system may be important for maintaining mitochondrial energy production in tumour microenvironments and suggest its potential use as a novel therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Tomitsuka
- Cancer Physiology Project, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Li L, Mühlfeld C, Niemann B, Pan R, Li R, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Chen Y, Rohrbach S. Mitochondrial biogenesis and PGC-1α deacetylation by chronic treadmill exercise: differential response in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Basic Res Cardiol 2011; 106:1221-34. [PMID: 21874557 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-011-0213-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications of the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α by the deacetylase SIRT1 and the kinase AMPK are involved in exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle. However, similar investigations have not been performed in the left ventricle (LV). Here, we tested whether treadmill training (12 weeks) modifies PGC-1α and mitochondrial biogenesis in gastrocnemius muscle and LV of C57BL/6 J wild-type mice and IL-6-deficient mice with a reported impairment in muscular AMPK activation similarly. Physical activity lowered the plasma insulin and glucose in both mouse strains, suggesting improved insulin sensitivity. The gastrocnemius muscle of IL-6-deficient mice showed reduced mitochondrial respiration and enzyme activity, which was partially normalized after training. Chronic exercise enhanced the mitochondrial biogenesis in gastrocnemius muscle as indicated by increased mRNA or protein expression of primary mitochondrial transcripts, higher mtDNA content and increased citrate synthase activity. Parallel to these changes, we observed AMPK activation, SIRT1 induction and PGC-1α deacetylation. Chronic treadmill training resulted in a mild cardiac hypertrophy in both mouse strains. However, none of these changes observed in skeletal muscle were detected in the LV (both mouse strains) with the exception of AMPK activation and a mildly increased succinate-dependent respiration. Thus, chronic endurance training induces a sustained mitochondrial biogenic response in mouse gastrocnemius muscle but not in the LV. Although AMPK activation occurs in both muscular organs, the absence of SIRT1-dependent PGC-1α deacetylation may be responsible for this significant difference. AMPK activation by IL-6 appears to be dispensable for the mitochondrial biogenic responses to chronic treadmill exercise.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Acetylation
- Animals
- Blood Glucose
- Blotting, Western
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Heart Ventricles/metabolism
- Heart Ventricles/ultrastructure
- Immunoprecipitation
- Insulin/blood
- Interleukin-6/deficiency
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Heart/ultrastructure
- Mitochondria, Muscle/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Muscle/ultrastructure
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/ultrastructure
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/ultrastructure
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha
- Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sirtuin 1
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Transcription Factors
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Aulweg 129, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hébert Chatelain E, Dupuy JW, Letellier T, Dachary-Prigent J. Functional impact of PTP1B-mediated Src regulation on oxidative phosphorylation in rat brain mitochondria. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:2603-13. [PMID: 21063895 PMCID: PMC11115002 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0573-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Given the presence of Src and PTP1B within rat brain mitochondria, we have investigated whether PTP1B regulates Src activity in mitochondria as in the cytosol. Results showed that Src was stimulated by in vitro addition of ATP to mitochondria, and this stimulation was reversed by a membrane-permeable allosteric inhibitor of PTP1B and by a potent selective Src inhibitor. They also indicated a direct action of PTP1B on phosphorylated tyrosine 527 residue of Src, thus implicating a role for PTP1B in the modulation of Src activity in mitochondria. Putative Src and PTP1B substrates were identified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and two-dimensional blue native/SDS-PAGE. Both inhibitors inhibited ADP-stimulated respirations concurrently with Src activation and complex IV activation by ATP, while having no effect or increasing the activity of the other complexes. Our analysis emphasizes the regulatory function of Src and its modulation by PTP1B on oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Hébert Chatelain
- Physiopathologie Mitochondriale, INSERM-U688, Université Victor Ségalen-Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux-Cedex, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Tyrosine phosphorylation is a newcomer in the mitochondrial signaling and is currently emerging as an important mechanism for regulating mitochondrial processes. But to what extent? By analyzing an updated draft of the mitochondrial tyrosine phosphoproteome, the following observations can be drawn: more than a hundred mitochondrial proteins undergo tyrosine phosphorylation, phosphotyrosine proteins are distributed in each of the submitochondrial compartments, and mitochondrial tyrosine phosphorylated proteins are involved in a variety of functions as metabolism (electron transport chain, Krebs cycle, fatty acid and amino acid metabolism), solute and protein transport, mitochondrial translation machinery, quality protein assessment, oxidative stress, apoptosis, fission, and other. This large and varied collection suggests that tyrosine phosphorylation could be a widespread mechanism in modulating mitochondrial functions. Moreover the in silico model is here used to explore potential effects of tyrosine phosphorylation on selected mitochondrial proteins pointing out some future perspectives in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cesaro
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, Padua, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Tomitsuka E, Kita K, Esumi H. The NADH-fumarate reductase system, a novel mitochondrial energy metabolism, is a new target for anticancer therapy in tumor microenvironments. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1201:44-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05620.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
40
|
Rutter J, Winge DR, Schiffman JD. Succinate dehydrogenase - Assembly, regulation and role in human disease. Mitochondrion 2010; 10:393-401. [PMID: 20226277 PMCID: PMC2874626 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase (or Electron Transport Chain Complex II) has been the subject of a focused but significant renaissance. This complex, which has been the least studied of the mitochondrial respiratory complexes has seen renewed interest due to the discovery of its role in human disease. Under this heightened scrutiny, the succinate dehydrogenase complex has proven to be a fascinating machine, whose regulation and assembly requires additional factors that are beginning to be discovered. Mutations in these factors and in the structural subunits of the complex itself cause a variety of human diseases. The mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of SDH mutations is beginning to be understood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jared Rutter
- Departments of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Cimen H, Han MJ, Yang Y, Tong Q, Koc H, Koc EC. Regulation of succinate dehydrogenase activity by SIRT3 in mammalian mitochondria. Biochemistry 2010; 49:304-11. [PMID: 20000467 DOI: 10.1021/bi901627u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A member of the sirtuin family of NAD(+)-dependent deacetylases, SIRT3, is identified as one of the major mitochondrial deacetylases located in mammalian mitochondria responsible for deacetylation of several metabolic enzymes and components of oxidative phosphorylation. Regulation of protein deacetylation by SIRT3 is important for mitochondrial metabolism, cell survival, and longevity. In this study, we identified one of the Complex II subunits, succinate dehydrogenase flavoprotein (SdhA) subunit, as a novel SIRT3 substrate in SIRT3 knockout mice. Several acetylated Lys residues were mapped by tandem mass spectrometry, and we determined the role of acetylation in Complex II activity in SIRT3 knockout mice. In agreement with SIRT3-dependent activation of Complex I, we observed that deacetylation of the SdhA subunit increased the Complex II activity in wild-type mice. In addition, we treated K562 cell lines with nicotinamide and kaempferol to inhibit deacetylase activity of SIRT3 and stimulate SIRT3 expression, respectively. Stimulation of SIRT3 expression decreased the level of acetylation of the SdhA subunit and increased Complex II activity in kaempherol-treated cells compared to control and nicotinamide-treated cells. Evaluation of acetylated residues in the SdhA crystal structure from porcine and chicken suggests that acetylation of the hydrophilic surface of SdhA may control the entry of the substrate into the active site of the protein and regulate the enzyme activity. Our findings constitute the first evidence of the regulation of Complex II activity by the reversible acetylation of the SdhA subunit as a novel substrate of the NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase, SIRT3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Cimen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kadenbach B, Ramzan R, Wen L, Vogt S. New extension of the Mitchell Theory for oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria of living organisms. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2009; 1800:205-12. [PMID: 19409964 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2009] [Revised: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 04/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The Mitchell Theory implies the proton motive force Deltap across the inner mitochondrial membrane as the energy-rich intermediate of oxidative phosphorylation. Deltap is composed mainly of an electrical (DeltaPsi(m)) and a chemical part (DeltapH) and generated by the respiratory chain complexes I, III and IV. It is consumed mostly by the ATP synthase (complex V) to produce ATP. The free energy of electron transport within the proton pumps is sufficient to generate Deltap of about 240 mV. The proton permeability of biological membranes, however, increases exponentially above 130 mV leading to a waste of energy at high values (DeltaPsi(m)>140 mV). In addition, at DeltaPsi(m)>140 mV, the production of the superoxide radical anion O(2)(-) at complexes I, II and III increases exponentially with increasing DeltaPsi(m). O(2)(-) and its neutral product H(2)O(2) (=ROS, reactive oxygen species) induce oxidative stress which participates in aging and in the generation of degenerative diseases. Here we describe a new mechanism which acts independently of the Mitchell Theory and keeps DeltaPsi(m) at low values through feedback inhibition of complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase) at high ATP/ADP ratios, thus preventing the formation of ROS and maintaining high efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Kadenbach
- Fachbereich Chemie, Cardiovascular Laboratory, Philipps-University, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
|
44
|
Tomitsuka E, Kita K, Esumi H. Regulation of succinate-ubiquinone reductase and fumarate reductase activities in human complex II by phosphorylation of its flavoprotein subunit. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2009; 85:258-265. [PMID: 19644226 PMCID: PMC3561849 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.85.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Complex II (succinate-ubiquinone reductase; SQR) is a mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme that is directly involved in the TCA cycle. Complex II exerts a reverse reaction, fumarate reductase (FRD) activity, in various species such as bacteria, parasitic helminths and shellfish, but the existence of FRD activity in humans has not been previously reported. Here, we describe the detection of FRD activity in human cancer cells. The activity level was low, but distinct, and it increased significantly when the cells were cultured under hypoxic and glucose-deprived conditions. Treatment with phosphatase caused the dephosphorylation of flavoprotein subunit (Fp) with a concomitant increase in SQR activity, whereas FRD activity decreased. On the other hand, treatment with protein kinase caused an increase in FRD activity and a decrease in SQR activity. These data suggest that modification of the Fp subunit regulates both the SQR and FRD activities of complex II and that the phosphorylation of Fp might be important for maintaining mitochondrial energy metabolism within the tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Tomitsuka
- Cancer Physiology Project, Investigative Treatment Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute East, Chiba, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Carroll AM, Porter RK, Morrice NA. Identification of serine phosphorylation in mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2008; 1777:1060-5. [PMID: 18486593 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2008] [Revised: 04/11/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Native uncoupling protein 1 was purified from rat brown adipose tissue of cold-acclimated rats and rats kept at room temperature, in the presence of phosphatase inhibitors. The purified protein from cold-acclimated animals was digested with trypsin and immobilized metal affinity chromatography was used to select for phosphopeptides. Tandem mass spectroscopic analysis of the peptides derived from uncoupling protein 1, suggests phosphorylation of serine 3 or 4 and identified phosphorylation of serine 51. Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate that antibodies to phosphoserine detect full-length UCP 1 and that the proportion of phosphoserine on UCP1, purified from cold-acclimated rats, was significantly greater than that on UCP 1 from rats kept at room temperature (90+/-4% compared to 62+/-8%, p=0.013), respectively). We conclude that uncoupling protein 1 is a phosphoprotein and that cold-acclimation increases the proportion of UCP1 that is serine phosphorylated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey M Carroll
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lewandrowski U, Sickmann A, Cesaro L, Brunati AM, Toninello A, Salvi M. Identification of new tyrosine phosphorylated proteins in rat brain mitochondria. FEBS Lett 2008; 582:1104-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.02.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2007] [Revised: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 02/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|