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Loaeza-Reyes KJ, Zenteno E, Ramírez-Hernández E, Salinas-Marin R, Moreno-Rodríguez A, Torres-Rosas R, Argueta-Figueroa L, Fernández-Rojas B, Pina-Canseco S, Acevedo-Mascarúa AE, Hernández-Antonio A, Pérez-Cervera Y. The modulation of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway impacts the localization of CD36 in macrophages. Acta Biochim Pol 2024; 71:13004. [PMID: 39041003 PMCID: PMC11261345 DOI: 10.3389/abp.2024.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
CD36 is a type 2 cell surface scavenger receptor expressed in various tissues. In macrophages, CD36 recognizes oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), which promotes the formation of foam cells, the first step toward an atherosclerotic arterial lesion. CD36 possesses a variety of posttranslational modifications, among them N-glycosylation and O-GlcNAc modification. Some of the roles of these modifications on CD36 are known, such as N-linked glycosylation, which provides proper folding and trafficking to the plasma membrane in the human embryonic kidney. This study aimed to determine whether variations in the availability of UDP-GlcNAc could impact Rab-5-mediated endocytic trafficking and, therefore, the cellular localization of CD36. These preliminary results suggest that the availability of the substrate UDP-GlcNAc, modulated in response to treatment with Thiamet G (TMG), OSMI-1 (O-GlcNAcylation enzymes modulators) or Azaserine (HBP modulator), influences the localization of CD36 in J774 macrophages, and the endocytic trafficking as evidenced by the regulatory protein Rab-5, between the plasma membrane and the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Julissa Loaeza-Reyes
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Facultad de Medicina-UNAM-UABJO, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Edgar Zenteno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eleazar Ramírez-Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roberta Salinas-Marin
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología Humana y Diagnóstico Molecular, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Rafael Torres-Rosas
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Liliana Argueta-Figueroa
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
- CONAHCYT – Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Berenice Fernández-Rojas
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Socorro Pina-Canseco
- Centro de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Facultad de Medicina-UNAM-UABJO, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Alfonso E. Acevedo-Mascarúa
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Alicia Hernández-Antonio
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Yobana Pérez-Cervera
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Facultad de Medicina-UNAM-UABJO, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
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Meng Y, Lyu CC, He YT, Che HY, Jiang H, Zhang JB, Tang HY, Yuan B. ALG5 Regulates STF-62247-Induced Milk Fat Synthesis via the mTOR Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:14620-14629. [PMID: 38885170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Milk fat content is a critical indicator of milk quality. Exploring the key regulatory genes involved in milk fat synthesis is essential for enhancing milk fat content. STF-62247 (STF), a thiazolamide compound, has the potential to bind with ALG5 and upregulate lipid droplets in fat synthesis. However, the effect of STF on the process of milk fat synthesis and whether it acts through ALG5 remains unknown. In this study, the impact of ALG5 on milk fat synthesis and its underlying mechanism were investigated using bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) and mouse models through real-time PCR, western blotting, Oil Red O staining, and triglyceride analysis. Experimental findings revealed a positive correlation between STF and ALG5 with the ability to synthesize milk fat. Silencing ALG5 led to decreased expression of FASN, SREBP1, and PPARγ in BMECs, as well as reduced phosphorylation levels in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Moreover, the phosphorylation levels of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway were restored when ALG5 silencing was followed by the addition of STF. These results suggest that STF regulates fatty acid synthesis in BMECs by affecting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway through ALG5. ALG5 is possibly a new factor in milk fat synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Meng
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062 Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Chen Lyu
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062 Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Tong He
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062 Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yu Che
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062 Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062 Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Bao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062 Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Yu Tang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Bao Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062 Jilin, P. R. China
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3
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Cao Y, Hu B, Fan Y, Wang W, Chi M, Nasser MI, Ma K, Liu C. The effects of apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage in kidney diseases. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:21. [PMID: 38178221 PMCID: PMC10765713 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01597-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease is a progressive and irreversible condition in which immunity is a contributing factor that endangers human health. It is widely acknowledged that macrophages play a significant role in developing and causing numerous kidney diseases. The increasing focus on the mechanism by which macrophages express apoptosis inhibitor of macrophages (AIM) in renal diseases has been observed. AIM is an apoptosis inhibitor that stops different things that cause apoptosis from working. This keeps AIM-bound cell types alive. Notably, the maintenance of immune cell viability regulates immunity. As our investigation progressed, we concluded that AIM has two sides when it comes to renal diseases. AIM can modulate renal phagocytosis, expedite the elimination of renal tubular cell fragments, and mitigate tissue injury. AIM can additionally exacerbate the development of renal fibrosis and kidney disease by prolonging inflammation. IgA nephropathy (IgAN) may also worsen faster if more protein is in the urine. This is because IgA and immunoglobulin M are found together and expressed. In the review, we provide a comprehensive overview of prior research and concentrate on the impacts of AIM on diverse subcategories of nephropathies. We discovered that AIM is closely associated with renal diseases by playing a positive or negative role in the onset, progression, or cure of kidney disease. AIM is thus a potentially effective therapeutic target for kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixia Cao
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Renal Disease Clinical Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Boyan Hu
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Renal Disease Clinical Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunhe Fan
- Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Renal Disease Clinical Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingxuan Chi
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Renal Disease Clinical Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Moussa Ide Nasser
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510100, Guangdong, China.
| | - Kuai Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Renal Disease Clinical Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China.
- Renal Department and Nephrology Institute, School of Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chengdu, China.
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Yang H, Luo Y, Lai X. The comprehensive role of apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) in pathological conditions. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 212:184-198. [PMID: 36427004 PMCID: PMC10243866 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
CD5L/AIM (apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage), as an important component in maintaining tissue homeostasis and inflammation, is mainly produced and secreted by macrophages but partially dissociated and released from blood AIM-IgM. AIM plays a regulatory role in intracellular physiological mechanisms, including lipid metabolism and apoptosis. AIM not only increases in autoimmune diseases, directly targets liver cells in liver cancer and promotes cell clearance in acute kidney injury, but also causes arteriosclerosis and cardiovascular events, and aggravates inflammatory reactions in lung diseases and sepsis. Obviously, AIM plays a pleiotropic role in the body. However, to date, studies have failed to decipher the mechanisms behind its different roles (beneficial or harmful) in inflammatory regulation. The inflammatory response is a "double-edged sword," and maintaining balance is critical for effective host defense while minimizing the adverse side effects of acute inflammation. Enhancing the understanding of AIM function could provide the theoretical basis for new therapies in these pathological settings. In this review, we discuss recent studies on the roles of AIM in lipid metabolism, autoimmune diseases and organic tissues, such as liver cancer, myocardial infarction, and kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaofei Lai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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3D Structures of IgA, IgM, and Components. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312776. [PMID: 34884580 PMCID: PMC8657937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is currently the most studied immunoglobin class and is frequently used in antibody therapeutics in which its beneficial effector functions are exploited. IgG is composed of two heavy chains and two light chains, forming the basic antibody monomeric unit. In contrast, immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) are usually assembled into dimers or pentamers with the contribution of joining (J)-chains, which bind to the secretory component (SC) of the polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR) and are transported to the mucosal surface. IgA and IgM play a pivotal role in various immune responses, especially in mucosal immunity. Due to their structural complexity, 3D structural study of these molecules at atomic scale has been slow. With the emergence of cryo-EM and X-ray crystallographic techniques and the growing interest in the structure-function relationships of IgA and IgM, atomic-scale structural information on IgA-Fc and IgM-Fc has been accumulating. Here, we examine the 3D structures of IgA and IgM, including the J-chain and SC. Disulfide bridging and N-glycosylation on these molecules are also summarized. With the increasing information of structure–function relationships, IgA- and IgM-based monoclonal antibodies will be an effective option in the therapeutic field.
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Multifaceted Roles of CD5L in Infectious and Sterile Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084076. [PMID: 33920819 PMCID: PMC8071174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CD5L, a protein expressed and secreted mainly by macrophages, is emerging as a critical immune effector. In addition to its well-defined function as an anti-apoptotic protein, research over the last decade has uncovered additional roles that range from pattern recognition to autophagy, cell polarization, and the regulation of lipid metabolism. By modulating all these processes, CD5L plays a key role in highly prevalent diseases that develop by either acute or chronic inflammation, including several infectious, metabolic, and autoimmune conditions. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of CD5L and focus on the relevance of this protein during infection- and sterile-driven inflammatory pathogenesis, highlighting its divergent roles in the modulation of inflammation.
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7
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Koyama N, Yamazaki T, Kanetsuki Y, Hirota J, Asai T, Mitsumoto Y, Mizuno M, Shima T, Kanbara Y, Arai S, Miyazaki T, Okanoue T. Activation of apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage is a sensitive diagnostic marker for NASH-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol 2018; 53:770-779. [PMID: 29086016 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-017-1398-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A diagnostic marker is needed enabling early and specific diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Our recent findings have indicated that circulating apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM), which usually associates with IgM pentamer in the blood, is activated by its dissociation from IgM. We investigated the serum levels of IgM-free AIM for AIM activation and its possible relationship with development of HCC in NASH. METHODS Serum levels of IgM-associated and IgM-free AIM were evaluated in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver, NASH, and NASH-HCC using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and immunoblots. Liver biopsy specimens were graded and staged using Brunt's classification. RESULTS Forty-two patients with fatty liver, 141 with NASH, and 26 with NASH-HCC were evaluated. Patients with stage 4 or grade 3 NASH (with or without HCC) exhibited significantly higher levels of both IgM-free and total AIM than those with fatty liver, whereas the ratio of IgM-free-to-total AIM was equivalent in these groups. Among patients with the same fibrosis stage of NASH, those with HCC had significantly higher IgM-free but not total AIM levels, resulting in a proportional increase in the IgM-free/total AIM ratio. Analysis of the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves indicated the high sensitivity of the IgM-free AIM for NASH-HCC. CONCLUSIONS Our observations suggest the activation of AIM in blood in the presence of NASH-HCC, with a significant increase in IgM-free AIM levels. IgM-free AIM serum levels appear to be a sensitive diagnostic marker for NASH-HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Koyama
- Research and Development Division, Eidia Co Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
- Eisai Co Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Kanetsuki
- Research and Development Division, Sekisui Medical Co Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiro Hirota
- Research and Development Division, Sekisui Medical Co Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohide Asai
- Research and Development Division, Sekisui Medical Co Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Mitsumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Mizuno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihide Shima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kanbara
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoko Arai
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Miyazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Max Planck-The University of Tokyo Center for Integrative Inflammology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Okanoue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Suita City, Osaka, Japan.
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Jiang K, Li W, Zhang Q, Yan G, Guo K, Zhang S, Liu Y. GP73 N-glycosylation at Asn144 reduces hepatocellular carcinoma cell motility and invasiveness. Oncotarget 2018; 7:23530-41. [PMID: 26993603 PMCID: PMC5029645 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Golgi Protein 73 (GP73) is a potential liver disease glycobiomarker warranting comprehensive analyses of its glycan structure and glycosylation function. In this study, we used mass spectrometry to identify glycosylation sites and the glycan structure, high-throughput lectin microarray to provide rapid and sensitive profiling of glycoconjugates, and site-directed mutagenesis to clarify the impact of glycans on target glycoproteins in vivo. We identified three GP73 N-glycosylation sites: Asn109, Asn144 and Asn398. We found five glycoforms on Asn144, including biantennary, triantennary and fucosylated glycans. Removal of N-glycans at Asn144 enhanced the motility and invasiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma cells, possibly due to inhibition of cell adhesion related to the changes of cell membrane glycosylation. This study increases our understanding of the functional relevance of GP73 glycosylation and suggests that Asn144-deleted GP73 can influence the progression and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jiang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Research Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinle Zhang
- Cancer Research Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoquan Yan
- Cancer Research Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Guo
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinkun Liu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Research Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Miyazaki T, Yamazaki T, Sugisawa R, Gershwin ME, Arai S. AIM associated with the IgM pentamer: attackers on stand-by at aircraft carrier. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 15:563-574. [PMID: 29375122 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating immunoglobulin M (IgM) exists in a pentameric form, possessing a polyreactive nature that responds not only to foreign antigens but also to autoantigens; thus, it is involved in both beneficial and detrimental immune responses, including protection from infection and the progression of autoimmunity. On the other hand, IgM also behaves as a carrier of the apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) protein, storing a large amount of the inactivated form of AIM in the blood through this association. Under different disease conditions, AIM can dissociate from IgM locally or systemically to exert its function, inducing the removal of various biological debris such as excess fat, bacteria, cancer cells or dead cell debris. Most typically, upon induction of acute kidney injury (AKI), IgM-free AIM is filtered by the glomerulus in the kidney, which stimulates the clearance of intraluminal dead cells debris at the obstructed proximal tubules, thereby facilitating the repair of kidney injury. Interestingly, cats exhibit a deficiency in AIM release from IgM, which may increase their susceptibility to renal failure. Conversely, association with AIM inhibits IgM binding to the Fcα/μ receptor on follicular dendritic cells at the splenic germinal center, thereby protecting the IgM immune complex from Fcα/μ receptor-mediated internalization, which supports IgM-dependent antigen presentation to B cells and stimulates high-affinity IgG antibody production. The regulation of AIM-IgM binding, resulting from the discovery of reciprocal actions between AIM and IgM, could lead to the development of novel therapies against different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Miyazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. .,CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. .,Max Planck-The University of Tokyo Center for Integrative Inflammology, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Sugisawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The University of California School of Medicine, Davis, 95616, USA, CA
| | - Satoko Arai
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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10
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Yamazaki T, Sugisawa R, Hiramoto E, Takai R, Matsumoto A, Senda Y, Nakashima K, Nelson PS, Lucas JM, Morgan A, Li Z, Yamamura KI, Arai S, Miyazaki T. A proteolytic modification of AIM promotes its renal excretion. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38762. [PMID: 27929116 PMCID: PMC5144010 DOI: 10.1038/srep38762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM, encoded by cd5l) is a multi-functional circulating protein that has a beneficial role in the regulation of a broad range of diseases, some of which are ameliorated by AIM administration in mice. In blood, AIM is stabilized by association with IgM pentamers and maintains its high circulating levels. The mechanism regulating the excessive accumulation of blood AIM remains unknown, although it is important, since a constitutive increase in AIM levels promotes chronic inflammation. Here we found a physiological AIM-cleavage process that induces destabilization of AIM and its excretion in urine. In blood, IgM-free AIM appeared to be cleaved and reduced in size approximately 10 kDa. Cleaved AIM was unable to bind to IgM and was selectively filtered by the glomerulus, thereby excreted in urine. Amino acid substitution at the cleavage site resulted in no renal excretion of AIM. Interestingly, cleaved AIM retained a comparable potency with full-length AIM in facilitating the clearance of dead cell debris in injured kidney, which is a key response in the recovery of acute kidney injury. Identification of AIM-cleavage and resulting functional modification could be the basis for designing safe and efficient AIM therapy for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Sugisawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Emiri Hiramoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takai
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ayaka Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshie Senda
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Nakashima
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Division of Human Biology and Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109-1024, USA
| | - Jared M Lucas
- Division of Human Biology and Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109-1024, USA
| | - Andrew Morgan
- Division of Human Biology and Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109-1024, USA
| | - Zhenghua Li
- Center for Animal Resources and Development, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yamamura
- Center for Animal Resources and Development, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Satoko Arai
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toru Miyazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Max Planck-The University of Tokyo Center for Integrative Inflammology, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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11
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Sanjurjo L, Aran G, Roher N, Valledor AF, Sarrias MR. AIM/CD5L: a key protein in the control of immune homeostasis and inflammatory disease. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 98:173-84. [PMID: 26048980 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3ru0215-074r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
CD5L, a soluble protein belonging to the SRCR superfamily, is expressed mostly by macrophages in lymphoid and inflamed tissues. The expression of this protein is transcriptionally controlled by LXRs, members of the nuclear receptor family that play major roles in lipid homeostasis. Research undertaken over the last decade has uncovered critical roles of CD5L as a PRR of bacterial and fungal components and in the control of key mechanisms in inflammatory responses, with involvement in processes, such as infection, atherosclerosis, and cancer. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of CD5L, its roles at the intersection between lipid homeostasis and immune response, and its potential use as a diagnostic biomarker in a variety of diseases, such as TB and liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Sanjurjo
- *Innate Immunity Group, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Evolutive Immunology Group, Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Nuclear Receptor Group, Department of Physiology and Immunology, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Aran
- *Innate Immunity Group, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Evolutive Immunology Group, Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Nuclear Receptor Group, Department of Physiology and Immunology, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nerea Roher
- *Innate Immunity Group, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Evolutive Immunology Group, Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Nuclear Receptor Group, Department of Physiology and Immunology, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Annabel F Valledor
- *Innate Immunity Group, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Evolutive Immunology Group, Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Nuclear Receptor Group, Department of Physiology and Immunology, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Rosa Sarrias
- *Innate Immunity Group, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Evolutive Immunology Group, Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Nuclear Receptor Group, Department of Physiology and Immunology, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Miyazaki T, Arai S. A defense system against multiple diseases via biological garbage clearance mediated by soluble scavenger proteins. Inflamm Regen 2015. [DOI: 10.2492/inflammregen.35.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Miyazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, and CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Arai
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, and CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Stabilization and augmentation of circulating AIM in mice by synthesized IgM-Fc. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97037. [PMID: 24804991 PMCID: PMC4013091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to rapid and drastic changes in lifestyle and eating habits in modern society, obesity and obesity-associated diseases are among the most important public health problems. Hence, the development of therapeutic approaches to regulate obesity is strongly desired. In view of previous work showing that apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) blocks lipid storage in adipocytes, thereby preventing obesity caused by a high-fat diet, we here explored a strategy to augment circulating AIM levels. We synthesized the Fc portion of the soluble human immunoglobulin (Ig)M heavy chain and found that it formed a pentamer containing IgJ as natural IgM does, and effectively associated with AIM in vitro. When we injected the synthesized Fc intravenously into mice lacking circulating IgM, it associated with endogenous mouse AIM, protecting AIM from renal excretion and preserving the circulating AIM levels. As the synthesized Fc lacked the antigen-recognizing variable region, it provoked no undesired immune response. In addition, a challenge with the Fc-human AIM complex in wild-type mice, which exhibited normal levels of circulating IgM and AIM, successfully maintained the levels of the human AIM in mouse blood. We also observed that the human AIM was effectively incorporated into adipocytes in visceral fat tissue, suggesting its functionality against obesity. Thus, our findings reveal potent strategies to safely increase AIM levels, which could form the basis for developing novel therapies for obesity.
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14
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Amézaga N, Sanjurjo L, Julve J, Aran G, Pérez-Cabezas B, Bastos-Amador P, Armengol C, Vilella R, Escolà-Gil JC, Blanco-Vaca F, Borràs FE, Valledor AF, Sarrias MR. Human scavenger protein AIM increases foam cell formation and CD36-mediated oxLDL uptake. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 95:509-20. [PMID: 24295828 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1212660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM is expressed by macrophages in response to agonists of the nuclear receptors LXR/RXR. In mice, it acts as an atherogenic factor by protecting macrophages from the apoptotic effects of oxidized lipids. In humans, it is detected in atherosclerotic lesions, but no role related to atherosclerosis has been reported. This study aimed to investigate whether the role of hAIM extends beyond inhibiting oxidized lipid-induced apoptosis. To accomplish this goal, functional analysis with human monocytic THP1 cells and macrophages differentiated from peripheral blood monocytes were performed. It was found that hAIM reduced oxLDL-induced macrophage apoptosis and increased macrophage adhesion to endothelial ICAM-1 by enhancing LFA-1 expression. Furthermore, hAIM increased foam cell formation, as shown by Oil Red O and Nile Red staining, as well as quantification of cholesterol content. This was not a result of decreased reverse cholesterol transport, as hAIM did not affect the efflux significantly from [(3)H] Cholesterol-laden macrophages driven by plasma, apoA-I, or HDL2 acceptors. Rather, flow cytometry studies indicated that hAIM increased macrophage endocytosis of fluorescent oxLDL, which correlated with an increase in the expression of the oxLDLR CD36. Moreover, hAIM bound to oxLDL in ELISA and enhanced the capacity of HEK-293 cells expressing CD36 to endocytose oxLDL, as studied using immunofluorescence microscopy, suggesting that hAIM serves to facilitate CD36-mediated uptake of oxLDL. Our data represent the first evidence that hAIM is involved in macrophage survival, adhesion, and foam cell formation and suggest a significant contribution to atherosclerosis-related mechanisms in the macrophage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Amézaga
- 1.Ctra Can Ruti, camí de les escoles s/n, Edifici de Recerca, Planta 1, 08916 Badalona, Spain. ; Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/mrsarrias
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15
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Impacts of the apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) on obesity-associated inflammatory diseases. Semin Immunopathol 2013; 36:3-12. [PMID: 24281248 PMCID: PMC3912372 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-013-0405-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with various metabolic and cardiovascular diseases caused by chronic, low-grade inflammation that is initially observed in obese adipose tissue. In addition, many etiological studies in humans have shown a strong correlation between obesity and inflammatory autoimmune diseases. In this review, we focus on the involvement of apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM), a macrophage-derived blood protein, in both types of immune response. Through differential mechanisms, AIM thereby plays key roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, metabolic diseases, and obesity-associated autoimmune diseases. Thus, the regulation of blood AIM levels or AIM function has the potential to serve as a next-generation therapy against these inflammatory diseases brought about by modern lifestyle.
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Arai S, Maehara N, Iwamura Y, Honda SI, Nakashima K, Kai T, Ogishi M, Morita K, Kurokawa J, Mori M, Motoi Y, Miyake K, Matsuhashi N, Yamamura KI, Ohara O, Shibuya A, Wakeland E, Li QZ, Miyazaki T. Obesity-Associated Autoantibody Production Requires AIM to Retain the Immunoglobulin M Immune Complex on Follicular Dendritic Cells. Cell Rep 2013; 3:1187-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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