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The Inhibition of Autophagy and Pyroptosis by an Ethanol Extract of Nelumbo nucifera Leaf Contributes to the Amelioration of Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040804. [PMID: 36839161 PMCID: PMC9965294 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy is characterized by a decline in muscle mass and function. Excessive glucocorticoids in the body due to aging or drug treatment can promote muscle wasting. In this study, we investigated the preventive effect of Nelumbo nucifera leaf (NNL) ethanolic extract on muscle atrophy induced by dexamethasone (DEX), a synthetic glucocorticoid, in mice and its underlying mechanisms. The administration of NNL extract increased weight, cross-sectional area, and grip strength of quadriceps (QD) and gastrocnemius (GA) muscles in DEX-induced muscle atrophy in mice. The NNL extract administration decreased the expression of muscle atrophic factors, such as muscle RING-finger protein-1 and atrogin-1, and autophagy factors, such as Beclin-1, microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3-I/II), and sequestosome 1 (p62/SQSTM1) in DEX-injected mice. DEX injection increased the protein expression levels of NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), cleaved-caspase-1, interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), and cleaved-gasdermin D (GSDMD), which were significantly reduced by NNL extract administration (500 mg/kg/day). In vitro studies using C2C12 myotubes also revealed that NNL extract treatment inhibited the DEX-induced increase in autophagy factors, pyroptosis-related factors, and NF-κB. Overall, the NNL extract prevented DEX-induced muscle atrophy by downregulating the ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy pathway, and GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis pathway, which are involved in muscle degradation.
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Zhao Y, Li JY, Jiang Q, Zhou XQ, Feng L, Liu Y, Jiang WD, Wu P, Zhou J, Zhao J, Jiang J. Leucine Improved Growth Performance, Muscle Growth, and Muscle Protein Deposition Through AKT/TOR and AKT/FOXO3a Signaling Pathways in Hybrid Catfish Pelteobagrus v achelli × Leiocassis longirostris. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020327. [PMID: 32019276 PMCID: PMC7072317 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: l-leucine (Leu) plays a positive role in regulating protein turnover in skeletal muscle in mammal. However, the molecular mechanism for the effects of Leu on muscle growth and protein deposition is not clearly demonstrated in fish. This study investigated the effects of dietary Leu on growth performance and muscle growth, protein synthesis, and degradation-related signaling pathways of hybrid catfish (Pelteobagrus vachelli♀ × Leiocassis longirostris♂). (2) Methods: A total of 630 hybrid catfish (23.19 ± 0.20 g) were fed 6 different experimental diets containing graded levels of Leu at 10.0 (control), 15.0, 20.0, 25.0, 30.0, 35.0, and 40.0 g Leu kg-1 for 8 weeks. (3) Results: Results showed that dietary Leu increased percent weight gain (PWG), specific growth rate (SGR), FI (feed intake), feed efficiency (FE), protein efficiency ratio (PER), muscle fibers diameter, and muscle fibers density; up-regulated insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), myogenic regulation factors (MyoD, Myf5, MyoG, and Mrf4), and MyHC mRNA levels; increased muscle protein synthesis via regulating the AKT/TOR signaling pathway; and attenuated protein degradation via regulating the AKT/FOXO3a signaling pathway. (4) Conclusions: These results suggest that Leu has potential role to improve muscle growth and protein deposition in fish, which might be due to the regulation of IGF mRNA expression, muscle growth related gene, and protein synthesis and degradation-related signaling pathways. Based on the broken-line model, the Leu requirement of hybrid catfish (23.19-54.55 g) for PWG was estimated to be 28.10 g kg-1 of the diet (73.04 g kg-1 of dietary protein). These results will improve our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for muscle growth and protein deposition effects of Leu in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jin-Yang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Fisheries Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-28-8629-1133
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Fappi A, Neves JDC, Kawasaki KA, Bacelar L, Sanches LN, P. da Silva F, Larina‐Neto R, Chadi G, Zanoteli E. Omega-3 multiple effects increasing glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy: autophagic, AMPK and UPS mechanisms. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e13966. [PMID: 30648357 PMCID: PMC6333722 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy occurs in many conditions, including use of glucocorticoids. N-3 (omega-3) is widely consumed due its healthy properties; however, concomitant use with glucocorticoids can increase its side effects. We evaluated the influences of N-3 on glucocorticoid atrophy considering IGF-1, Myostatin, MEK/ERK, AMPK pathways besides the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagic/lysosomal systems. Sixty animals constituted six groups: CT, N-3 (EPA 100 mg/kg/day for 40 days), DEXA 1.25 (DEXA 1.25 mg/kg/day for 10 days), DEXA 1.25 + N3 (EPA for 40 days + DEXA 1.25 mg/kg/day for the last 10 days), DEXA 2.5 (DEXA 2.5 mg/kg/day for 10 days), and DEXA 2.5 + N3 (EPA for 40 days + DEXA 2.5 mg/kg/day for 10 days). Results: N-3 associated with DEXA increases atrophy (fibers 1 and 2A), FOXO3a, P-SMAD2/3, Atrogin-1/MAFbx (mRNA) expression, and autophagic protein markers (LC3II, LC3II/LC3I, LAMP-1 and acid phosphatase). Additionally, N-3 supplementation alone decreased P-FOXO3a, PGC1-alpha, and type 1 muscle fiber area. Conclusion: N-3 supplementation increases muscle atrophy caused by DEXA in an autophagic, AMPK and UPS process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Fappi
- Department of NeurologyFaculdade de Medicina FMUSPUniversidade de Sao PauloSP, Brazil
| | - Juliana de C. Neves
- Department of NeurologyFaculdade de Medicina FMUSPUniversidade de Sao PauloSP, Brazil
| | - Karine A. Kawasaki
- Department of NeurologyFaculdade de Medicina FMUSPUniversidade de Sao PauloSP, Brazil
| | - Luana Bacelar
- Department of NeurologyFaculdade de Medicina FMUSPUniversidade de Sao PauloSP, Brazil
| | - Leandro N. Sanches
- Department of NeurologyFaculdade de Medicina FMUSPUniversidade de Sao PauloSP, Brazil
| | - Felipe P. da Silva
- Department of NeurologyFaculdade de Medicina FMUSPUniversidade de Sao PauloSP, Brazil
| | - Rubens Larina‐Neto
- Department of NeurologyFaculdade de Medicina FMUSPUniversidade de Sao PauloSP, Brazil
| | - Gerson Chadi
- Department of NeurologyFaculdade de Medicina FMUSPUniversidade de Sao PauloSP, Brazil
| | - Edmar Zanoteli
- Department of NeurologyFaculdade de Medicina FMUSPUniversidade de Sao PauloSP, Brazil
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Bertinat R, Westermeier F, Gatica R, Nualart F. Sodium tungstate: Is it a safe option for a chronic disease setting, such as diabetes? J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:51-60. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romina Bertinat
- Centro de Microscopía Avanzada, CMA Bio‐Bio Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
| | - Francisco Westermeier
- Department of Health Studies Institute of Biomedical Science, FH JOANNEUM Gesellschaft mbH University of Applied Sciences Graz Austria
- Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián Santiago Chile
| | - Rodrigo Gatica
- Laboratorio de Patología Veterinaria Escuela de Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor Santiago Chile
| | - Francisco Nualart
- Centro de Microscopía Avanzada, CMA Bio‐Bio Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Tungsten is an emerging environmental toxicant, yet our understanding of the potential risks of exposure on human health is still limited. RECENT FINDINGS In this review, we will discuss populations most at risk of exposure to high concentrations of tungsten. In addition, we will highlight what is known about the toxicity profile of tungsten compounds, based on epidemiological, in vitro, and in vivo studies, focusing on bone, immune, pulmonary, and cancer outcomes. Of note, emerging evidence indicates that tungsten can augment the effects of other stimulants, stressors, and toxicants. Of particular importance may be tungsten-cobalt mixtures that seem to be more toxic than either metal alone. This is important because it means that we cannot just evaluate the toxicity of tungsten in isolation. Finally, we still have limited information of how many of the in vitro and in vivo findings translate to human populations, so it will be important to conduct epidemiology studies in highly exposed populations to adequately address the potential risks of tungsten exposure on human health. Together, we discuss recent findings that support further investigation into the toxicities of tungsten alone and in combination with other metals.
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Pal R, Bondar VV, Adamski CJ, Rodney GG, Sardiello M. Inhibition of ERK1/2 Restores GSK3β Activity and Protein Synthesis Levels in a Model of Tuberous Sclerosis. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28646232 PMCID: PMC5482840 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04528-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis (TS) is a multi-organ autosomal dominant disorder that is best characterized by neurodevelopmental deficits and the presence of benign tumors. TS pathology is caused by mutations in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) genes and is associated with insulin resistance, decreased glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) activity, activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), and subsequent increase in protein synthesis. Here, we show that extracellular signal–regulated kinases (ERK1/2) respond to insulin stimulation and integrate insulin signaling to phosphorylate and thus inactivate GSK3β, resulting in increased protein synthesis that is independent of Akt/mTORC1 activity. Inhibition of ERK1/2 in Tsc2−/− cells—a model of TS—rescues GSK3β activity and protein synthesis levels, thus highlighting ERK1/2 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituraj Pal
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Vitaliy V Bondar
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Carolyn J Adamski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - George G Rodney
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine Bioscience Research Collaborative, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Marco Sardiello
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Nissinen TA, Degerman J, Räsänen M, Poikonen AR, Koskinen S, Mervaala E, Pasternack A, Ritvos O, Kivelä R, Hulmi JJ. Systemic blockade of ACVR2B ligands prevents chemotherapy-induced muscle wasting by restoring muscle protein synthesis without affecting oxidative capacity or atrogenes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32695. [PMID: 27666826 PMCID: PMC5036092 DOI: 10.1038/srep32695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin is a widely used and effective chemotherapy drug. However, cardiac and skeletal muscle toxicity of doxorubicin limits its use. Inhibiting myostatin/activin signalling can prevent muscle atrophy, but its effects in chemotherapy-induced muscle wasting are unknown. In the present study we investigated the effects of doxorubicin administration alone or combined with activin receptor ligand pathway blockade by soluble activin receptor IIB (sACVR2B-Fc). Doxorubicin administration decreased body mass, muscle size and bone mineral density/content in mice. However, these effects were prevented by sACVR2B-Fc administration. Unlike in many other wasting situations, doxorubicin induced muscle atrophy without markedly increasing typical atrogenes or protein degradation pathways. Instead, doxorubicin decreased muscle protein synthesis which was completely restored by sACVR2B-Fc. Doxorubicin administration also resulted in impaired running performance without effects on skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity/function or capillary density. Running performance and mitochondrial function were unaltered by sACVR2B-Fc administration. Tumour experiment using Lewis lung carcinoma cells demonstrated that sACVR2B-Fc decreased the cachectic effects of chemotherapy without affecting tumour growth. These results demonstrate that blocking ACVR2B signalling may be a promising strategy to counteract chemotherapy-induced muscle wasting without damage to skeletal muscle oxidative capacity or cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Nissinen
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - J Degerman
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Räsänen
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A R Poikonen
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - S Koskinen
- LIKES Research Center for Sport and Health Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - E Mervaala
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Pasternack
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - O Ritvos
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - R Kivelä
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J J Hulmi
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Quan-Jun Y, Yan H, Yong-Long H, Li-Li W, Jie L, Jin-Lu H, Jin L, Peng-Guo C, Run G, Cheng G. Selumetinib Attenuates Skeletal Muscle Wasting in Murine Cachexia Model through ERK Inhibition and AKT Activation. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 16:334-343. [PMID: 27599525 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome affecting the skeletal muscle. Previous clinical trials showed that treatment with MEK inhibitor selumetinib resulted in skeletal muscle anabolism. However, it is conflicting that MAPK/ERK pathway controls the mass of the skeletal muscle. The current study investigated the therapeutic effect and mechanisms of selumetinib in amelioration of cancer cachexia. The classical cancer cachexia model was established via transplantation of CT26 colon adenocarcinoma cells into BALB/c mice. The effect of selumetinib on body weight, tumor growth, skeletal muscle, food intake, serum proinflammatory cytokines, E3 ligases, and MEK/ERK-related pathways was analyzed. Two independent experiments showed that 30 mg/kg/d selumetinib prevented the loss of body weight in murine cachexia mice. Muscle wasting was attenuated and the expression of E3 ligases, MuRF1 and Fbx32, was inhibited following selumetinib treatment of the gastrocnemius muscle. Furthermore, selumetinib efficiently reduced tumor burden without influencing the cancer cell proliferation, cumulative food intake, and serum cytokines. These results indicated that the role of selumetinib in attenuating muscle wasting was independent of cancer burden. Detailed analysis of the mechanism revealed AKT and mTOR were activated, while ERK, FoxO3a, and GSK3β were inhibited in the selumetinib -treated cachexia group. These indicated that selumetinib effectively prevented skeletal muscle wasting in cancer cachexia model through ERK inhibition and AKT activation in gastrocnemius muscle via cross-inhibition. The study not only elucidated the mechanism of MEK/ERK inhibition in skeletal muscle anabolism, but also validated selumetinib therapy as an effective intervention against cancer cachexia. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(2); 334-43. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Quan-Jun
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Huo Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Han Yong-Long
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wan Li-Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Li Jie
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Huang Jin-Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Lu Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Chen Peng-Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Gan Run
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Guo Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China.
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Ham DJ, Caldow MK, Chhen V, Chee A, Wang X, Proud CG, Lynch GS, Koopman R. Glycine restores the anabolic response to leucine in a mouse model of acute inflammation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 310:E970-81. [PMID: 27094036 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00468.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids, especially leucine, potently stimulate protein synthesis and reduce protein breakdown in healthy skeletal muscle and as a result have received considerable attention as potential treatments for muscle wasting. However, the normal anabolic response to amino acids is impaired during muscle-wasting conditions. Although the exact mechanisms of this anabolic resistance are unclear, inflammation and ROS are believed to play a central role. The nonessential amino acid glycine has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and preserves muscle mass in calorie-restricted and tumor-bearing mice. We hypothesized that glycine would restore the normal muscle anabolic response to amino acids under inflammatory conditions. Relative rates of basal and leucine-stimulated protein synthesis were measured using SUnSET methodology 4 h after an injection of 1 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Whereas leucine failed to stimulate muscle protein synthesis in LPS-treated mice pretreated with l-alanine (isonitrogenous control), leucine robustly stimulated protein synthesis (+51%) in mice pretreated with 1 g/kg glycine. The improvement in leucine-stimulated protein synthesis was accompanied by a higher phosphorylation status of mTOR, S6, and 4E-BP1 compared with l-alanine-treated controls. Despite its known anti-inflammatory action in inflammatory cells, glycine did not alter the skeletal muscle inflammatory response to LPS in vivo or in vitro but markedly reduced DHE staining intensity, a marker of oxidative stress, in muscle cross-sections and attenuated LPS-induced wasting in C2C12 myotubes. Our observations in male C57BL/6 mice suggest that glycine may represent a promising nutritional intervention for the attenuation of skeletal muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Ham
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marissa K Caldow
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victoria Chhen
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Annabel Chee
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Nutrition and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Austrailia, Australia; and School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher G Proud
- Nutrition and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Austrailia, Australia; and School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gordon S Lynch
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - René Koopman
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;
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Goodman CA, Hornberger TA, Robling AG. Bone and skeletal muscle: Key players in mechanotransduction and potential overlapping mechanisms. Bone 2015; 80:24-36. [PMID: 26453495 PMCID: PMC4600534 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The development and maintenance of skeletal muscle and bone mass is critical for movement, health and issues associated with the quality of life. Skeletal muscle and bone mass are regulated by a variety of factors that include changes in mechanical loading. Moreover, bone mass is, in large part, regulated by muscle-derived mechanical forces and thus by changes in muscle mass/strength. A thorough understanding of the cellular mechanism(s) responsible for mechanotransduction in bone and skeletal muscle is essential for the development of effective exercise and pharmaceutical strategies aimed at increasing, and/or preventing the loss of, mass in these tissues. Thus, in this review we will attempt to summarize the current evidence for the major molecular mechanisms involved in mechanotransduction in skeletal muscle and bone. By examining the differences and similarities in mechanotransduction between these two tissues, it is hoped that this review will stimulate new insights and ideas for future research and promote collaboration between bone and muscle biologists.(1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Goodman
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Troy A Hornberger
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Alexander G Robling
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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11
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Bertinat R, Nualart F, Li X, Yáñez AJ, Gomis R. Preclinical and Clinical Studies for Sodium Tungstate: Application in Humans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 6. [PMID: 25995968 PMCID: PMC4435618 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9899.1000285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder triggered by the deficient secretion of insulin by the pancreatic β-cell or the resistance of peripheral tissues to the action of the hormone. Chronic hyperglycemia is the major consequence of this failure, and also the main cause of diabetic problems. Indeed, several clinical trials have agreed in that tight glycemic control is the best way to stop progression of the disease. Many anti-diabetic drugs for treatment of type 2 diabetes are commercially available, but no ideal normoglycemic agent has been developed yet. Moreover, weight gain is the most common side effect of many oral anti-diabetic agents and insulin, and increased weight has been shown to worsen glycemic control and increase the risk of diabetes progression. In this sense, the inorganic salt sodium tungstate (NaW) has been studied in different animal models of metabolic syndrome and diabetes, proving to have a potent effect on normalizing blood glucose levels and reducing body weight, without any hypoglycemic action. Although the liver has been studied as the main site of NaW action, positive effects have been also addressed in muscle, pancreas, brain, adipose tissue and intestine, explaining the effective anti-diabetic action of this salt. Here, we review NaW research to date in these different target organs. We believe that NaW deserves more attention, since all available anti-diabetic treatments remain suboptimal and new therapeutics are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Bertinat
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile ; Centro de Microscopía Avanzada, CMA-Bío Bío, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Francisco Nualart
- Centro de Microscopía Avanzada, CMA-Bío Bío, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Xuhang Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Alejandro J Yáñez
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile ; Centro de Microscopía Avanzada, CMA-Bío Bío, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ramón Gomis
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain ; Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain ; Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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