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Brill EN, Link NG, Jackson MR, Alvi AF, Moehlenkamp JN, Beard MB, Simons AR, Carson LC, Li R, Judd BT, Brasseale MN, Berkman EP, Park RK, Cordova-Hernandez S, Hoff RY, Yager CE, Modelski MC, Nenadovich M, Sisodia D, Reames CJ, Geranios AG, Berthrong ST, Wilson AM, Tietje AH, Stobart CC. Evaluation of the Therapeutic Potential of Traditionally-Used Natural Plant Extracts to Inhibit Proliferation of a HeLa Cell Cancer Line and Replication of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (hRSV). BIOLOGY 2024; 13:696. [PMID: 39336123 PMCID: PMC11429219 DOI: 10.3390/biology13090696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Traditional approaches employing natural plant products to treat a wide array of ailments have been documented and described for thousands of years. However, there remains limited scientific study of the therapeutic potential or effectiveness of ethnobotanical applications. Increases in the incidence of cancer and emerging infectious diseases demonstrate a growing need for advances in the development of therapeutic options. In this study, we evaluate the therapeutic potential of aqueous extracts prepared from four plants, purple aster (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.) Nemsom), common sage (Salvia lyrata (L.)), northern spicebush (Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume), and lamb's ear (Stachys byzantina (K.) Koch)) traditionally used in Native American medicine in Indiana, USA. Using a combination of cytotoxicity assays, immunofluorescence microscopy, and antiviral assays, we found that sage and spicebush extracts exhibit cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects on HeLa cell proliferation and that sage, spicebush, and aster extracts were capable of significantly inhibiting human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV), a major respiratory pathogen of infants and the elderly. Chemical analysis of the four extracts identified four major compounds which were subsequently evaluated to identify the responsible constituents in the extracts. While none of the identified compounds were shown to induce significant impacts on HeLa cell proliferation, two of the compounds, (1S)-(-)-Borneol and 5-(hydroxymethyl)-furfural, identified in sage and spicebush, respectively, were shown to have antiviral activities. Our data suggest that several of the extracts tested exhibited either anti-proliferative or antiviral activity supporting future further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie N. Brill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, 4600 Sunset Ave., Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA (S.T.B.); (A.H.T.)
| | - Natalie G. Link
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, 4600 Sunset Ave., Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA (S.T.B.); (A.H.T.)
| | - Morgan R. Jackson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, 4600 Sunset Ave., Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA (S.T.B.); (A.H.T.)
| | - Alea F. Alvi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, 4600 Sunset Ave., Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA (S.T.B.); (A.H.T.)
| | - Jacob N. Moehlenkamp
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, 4600 Sunset Ave., Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA (S.T.B.); (A.H.T.)
| | - Morgan B. Beard
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, 4600 Sunset Ave., Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA (S.T.B.); (A.H.T.)
| | - Adam R. Simons
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, 4600 Sunset Ave., Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA (S.T.B.); (A.H.T.)
| | - Linden C. Carson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, 4600 Sunset Ave., Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA (S.T.B.); (A.H.T.)
| | - Ray Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, 4600 Sunset Ave., Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA (S.T.B.); (A.H.T.)
| | - Breckin T. Judd
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, 4600 Sunset Ave., Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA (S.T.B.); (A.H.T.)
| | - Max N. Brasseale
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, 4600 Sunset Ave., Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA (S.T.B.); (A.H.T.)
| | - Emily P. Berkman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, 4600 Sunset Ave., Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA (S.T.B.); (A.H.T.)
| | - Riley K. Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, 4600 Sunset Ave., Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA (S.T.B.); (A.H.T.)
| | - Sedna Cordova-Hernandez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, 4600 Sunset Ave., Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA (S.T.B.); (A.H.T.)
| | - Rebecca Y. Hoff
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, 4600 Sunset Ave., Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA (S.T.B.); (A.H.T.)
| | - Caroline E. Yager
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, 4600 Sunset Ave., Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA (S.T.B.); (A.H.T.)
| | - Meredith C. Modelski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, 4600 Sunset Ave., Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA (S.T.B.); (A.H.T.)
| | - Milica Nenadovich
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, 4600 Sunset Ave., Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA (S.T.B.); (A.H.T.)
| | - Dhruvi Sisodia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, 4600 Sunset Ave., Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA (S.T.B.); (A.H.T.)
| | - Clayton J. Reames
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, 4600 Sunset Ave., Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA (S.T.B.); (A.H.T.)
| | - Andreas G. Geranios
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, 4600 Sunset Ave., Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA (S.T.B.); (A.H.T.)
| | - Sean T. Berthrong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, 4600 Sunset Ave., Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA (S.T.B.); (A.H.T.)
| | - Anne M. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Butler University, 4600 Sunset Ave., Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA;
| | - Ashlee H. Tietje
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, 4600 Sunset Ave., Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA (S.T.B.); (A.H.T.)
| | - Christopher C. Stobart
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, 4600 Sunset Ave., Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA (S.T.B.); (A.H.T.)
- Interdisciplinary Program in Public Health, Butler University, 4600 Sunset Ave., Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA
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Elias MG, Fatima S, Mann TJ, Karan S, Mikhael M, de Souza P, Gordon CP, Scott KF, Aldrich-Wright JR. Anticancer Effect of Pt IIPHEN SS, Pt II5ME SS, Pt II56ME SS and Their Platinum(IV)-Dihydroxy Derivatives against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Cisplatin-Resistant Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2544. [PMID: 39061185 PMCID: PMC11274883 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16142544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Development of resistance to cisplatin, oxaliplatin and carboplatin remains a challenge for their use as chemotherapies, particularly in breast and colorectal cancer. Here, we compare the anticancer effect of novel complexes [Pt(1,10-phenanthroline)(1S,2S-diaminocyclohexane)](NO3)2 (PtIIPHENSS), [Pt(5-methyl-1,10-phenanthroline)(1S,2S-diaminocyclohexane)](NO3)2 (PtII5MESS) and [Pt(5,6-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)(1S,2S-diaminocyclohexane)](NO3)2 (PtII56MESS) and their platinum(IV)-dihydroxy derivatives with cisplatin. Complexes are greater than 11-fold more potent than cisplatin in both 2D and 3D cell line cultures with increased selectivity for cancer cells over genetically stable cells. ICP-MS studies showed cellular uptake occurred through an active transport mechanism with considerably altered platinum concentrations found in the cytoskeleton across all complexes after 24 h. Significant reactive oxygen species generation was observed, with reduced mitochondrial membrane potential at 72 h of treatment. Late apoptosis/necrosis was shown by Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry assay, accompanied by increased sub-G0/G1 cells compared with untreated cells. An increase in S and G2+M cells was seen with all complexes. Treatment resulted in significant changes in actin and tubulin staining. Intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis markers, MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT activation markers, together with autophagy markers showed significant activation of these pathways by Western blot. The proteomic profile investigated post-72 h of treatment identified 1597 MDA-MB-231 and 1859 HT29 proteins quantified by mass spectroscopy, with several differentially expressed proteins relative to no treatment. GO enrichment analysis revealed a statistically significant enrichment of RNA/DNA-associated proteins in both the cell lines and specific additional processes for individual drugs. This study shows that these novel agents function as multi-mechanistic chemotherapeutics, offering promising anticancer potential, and thereby supporting further research into their application as cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria George Elias
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia; (M.G.E.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (C.P.G.)
- Medical Oncology, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (S.F.); (T.J.M.)
| | - Shadma Fatima
- Medical Oncology, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (S.F.); (T.J.M.)
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Timothy J. Mann
- Medical Oncology, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (S.F.); (T.J.M.)
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Shawan Karan
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia; (M.G.E.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (C.P.G.)
| | - Meena Mikhael
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia; (M.G.E.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (C.P.G.)
| | - Paul de Souza
- Nepean Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Kingswood, NSW 2747, Australia;
| | - Christopher P. Gordon
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia; (M.G.E.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (C.P.G.)
| | - Kieran F. Scott
- Medical Oncology, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (S.F.); (T.J.M.)
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Janice R. Aldrich-Wright
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia; (M.G.E.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (C.P.G.)
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
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Ahmed SM, Elkhenany HA, Ahmed TA, Ghoneim NI, Elkodous MA, Mohamed RH, Magdeldin S, Osama A, Anwar AM, Gabr MM, El-Badri N. Diabetic microenvironment deteriorates the regenerative capacities of adipose mesenchymal stromal cells. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:131. [PMID: 38880916 PMCID: PMC11181634 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is an endocrine disorder characterized by compromised insulin sensitivity that eventually leads to overt disease. Adipose stem cells (ASCs) showed promising potency in improving type 2 diabetes and its complications through their immunomodulatory and differentiation capabilities. However, the hyperglycaemia of the diabetic microenvironment may exert a detrimental effect on the functionality of ASCs. Herein, we investigate ASC homeostasis and regenerative potential in the diabetic milieu. METHODS We conducted data collection and functional enrichment analysis to investigate the differential gene expression profile of MSCs in the diabetic microenvironment. Next, ASCs were cultured in a medium containing diabetic serum (DS) or normal non-diabetic serum (NS) for six days and one-month periods. Proteomic analysis was carried out, and ASCs were then evaluated for apoptosis, changes in the expression of surface markers and DNA repair genes, intracellular oxidative stress, and differentiation capacity. The crosstalk between the ASCs and the diabetic microenvironment was determined by the expression of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines and cytokine receptors. RESULTS The enrichment of MSCs differentially expressed genes in diabetes points to an alteration in oxidative stress regulating pathways in MSCs. Next, proteomic analysis of ASCs in DS revealed differentially expressed proteins that are related to enhanced cellular apoptosis, DNA damage and oxidative stress, altered immunomodulatory and differentiation potential. Our experiments confirmed these data and showed that ASCs cultured in DS suffered apoptosis, intracellular oxidative stress, and defective DNA repair. Under diabetic conditions, ASCs also showed compromised osteogenic, adipogenic, and angiogenic differentiation capacities. Both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression were significantly altered by culture of ASCs in DS denoting defective immunomodulatory potential. Interestingly, ASCs showed induction of antioxidative stress genes and proteins such as SIRT1, TERF1, Clusterin and PKM2. CONCLUSION We propose that this deterioration in the regenerative function of ASCs is partially mediated by the induced oxidative stress and the diabetic inflammatory milieu. The induction of antioxidative stress factors in ASCs may indicate an adaptation mechanism to the increased oxidative stress in the diabetic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Ahmed
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Sheikh Zayed District, 6th of October City , 12582, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hoda A Elkhenany
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Sheikh Zayed District, 6th of October City , 12582, Giza, Egypt
- Department of surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Toka A Ahmed
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Sheikh Zayed District, 6th of October City , 12582, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nehal I Ghoneim
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Sheikh Zayed District, 6th of October City , 12582, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abd Elkodous
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Sheikh Zayed District, 6th of October City , 12582, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rania Hassan Mohamed
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Sheikh Zayed District, 6th of October City , 12582, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sameh Magdeldin
- Proteomic and Metabolomics Research Program, Basic Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Aya Osama
- Proteomic and Metabolomics Research Program, Basic Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ali Mostafa Anwar
- Proteomic and Metabolomics Research Program, Basic Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Gabr
- Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nagwa El-Badri
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Sheikh Zayed District, 6th of October City , 12582, Giza, Egypt.
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Sheikh Zayed District, Giza 12588, 6th of October City, Egypt.
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4
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Liu J, Si Z, Liu J, Zhang X, Xie C, Zhao W, Wang A, Xia Z. Machine learning identifies novel coagulation genes as diagnostic and immunological biomarkers in ischemic stroke. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:6314-6333. [PMID: 38575196 PMCID: PMC11042924 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coagulation system is currently known associated with the development of ischemic stroke (IS). Thus, the current study is designed to identify diagnostic value of coagulation genes (CGs) in IS and to explore their role in the immune microenvironment of IS. METHODS Aberrant expressed CGs in IS were input into unsupervised consensus clustering to classify IS subtypes. Meanwhile, key CGs involved in IS were further selected by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and machine learning methods, including random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), generalized linear model (GLM) and extreme-gradient boosting (XGB). The diagnostic performance of key CGs were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. At last, quantitative PCR (qPCR) was performed to validate the expressions of key CGs in IS. RESULTS IS patients were classified into two subtypes with different immune microenvironments by aberrant expressed CGs. Further WGCNA, machine learning methods and ROC curves identified ACTN1, F5, TLN1, JMJD1C and WAS as potential diagnostic biomarkers of IS. In addition, their expressions were significantly correlated with macrophages, neutrophils and/or T cells. GSEA also revealed that those biomarkers may regulate IS via immune and inflammation. Moreover, qPCR verified the expressions of ACTN1, F5 and JMJD1C in IS. CONCLUSIONS The current study identified ACTN1, F5 and JMJD1C as novel coagulation-related biomarkers associated with IS immune microenvironment, which enriches our knowledge of coagulation-mediated pathogenesis of IS and sheds light on next-step in vivo and in vitro experiments to elucidate the relevant molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhi Liu
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital and Liaocheng Clinical School of Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Gerontology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhihua Si
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ju Liu
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cong Xie
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhangyong Xia
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital and Liaocheng Clinical School of Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, China
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Guven C, Taskin E, Aydın Ö, Kaya ST, Sevgiler Y. Diazoxide attenuates DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in cultured rat myocytes. Biotech Histochem 2024; 99:113-124. [PMID: 38439686 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2024.2324368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity is a well known clinical problem, and many investigations have been made of its possible amelioration. We have investigated whether diazoxide (DIA), an agonist at mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels (mitoKATP), could reverse DOX-induced apoptotic myocardial cell loss, in cultured rat cardiomyocytes. The role of certain proteins in this pathway was also studied. The rat cardiomyocyte cell line (H9c2) was treated with DOX, and also co-treated with DOX and DIA, for 24 h. Distribution of actin filaments, mitochondrial membrane potential, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, total oxidant and antioxidant status (TOS and TAS, respectively), and some protein expressions, were assessed. DOX significantly decreased SOD activity, increased ERK1/2 protein levels, and depolarised the mitochondrial membrane, while DIA co-treatment inhibited such changes. DIA co-treatment ameliorated DOX-induced cytoskeletal changes via F-actin distribution and mitoKATP structure. Co-treatment also decreased ERK1/2 and cytochrome c protein levels. Cardiomyocyte loss due to oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis is a key event in DOX-induced cytotoxicity. DIA had protective effects on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, via mitoKATP integrity, especially with elevated SUR2A levels; but also by a cascade including SOD/AMPK/ERK1/2. Therefore, DIA may be considered a candidate agent for protecting cardiomyocytes against DOX chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celal Guven
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Eylem Taskin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Özgül Aydın
- Department of Biology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Salih Tunç Kaya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Sevgiler
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
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Li L, Shi J, Liu W, Luo Y, Gao S, Liu JX. Copper overload induces apoptosis and impaired proliferation of T cell in zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 267:106808. [PMID: 38159456 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Copper is an essential biometal for cell development and function, however, unbalanced copper homeostasis in T cell development and the underlying mechanisms are largely unexplored. Here, we use a zebrafish model to investigate the effect of copper overload in T cell development. We show that copper stressed zebrafish larvae exhibit a significant reduction in T cells with increased cell apoptosis and impaired cell proliferation. T cell progenitors, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, also exhibit increased cell apoptosis. Copper overload induces production of ROS and the down-regulations of its resistance genes foxos, and ectopic expression of foxo3a, ROS scavenger GSH, could both effectively rescue the reduction of T cells in copper overload larvae. Moreover, foxm1-cytoskeleton axis, parallel to ROS-foxo axis, also mediates the copper overload induced T cell developmental defects. Meanwhile, ROS destroys expression of cytoskeleton rather than of foxm1 in the cells to induce cell apoptosis and the impaired proliferation. The functional integrity of copper transporters cox17 and atp7b are required for copper stress in inducing T cell apoptosis and proliferation impairment. Our findings demonstrate that the down-stream ROS-foxo/cytoskeleton and foxm1-cytoskeleton signaling pathways contribute jointly to copper overload induced T cell apoptosis and proliferation defects, which are depend on the integral function of Cox17 and Atp7b, and provide new insight into the copper homeostasis in T lymphocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- LingYa Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, College of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - JiaHao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, College of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - WenYe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, College of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, College of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Sheng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, College of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Jing-Xia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, College of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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7
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Zhao ZC, Jiang MY, Huang JH, Lin C, Guo WL, Zhong ZH, Huang QQ, Liu SL, Deng HW, Zhou YC. Honokiol induces apoptosis-like death in Cryptocaryon irritans Tomont. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:287. [PMID: 37587480 PMCID: PMC10428556 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05910-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryptocaryon irritans, a common parasite in tropical and subtropical marine teleost fish, has caused serious harm to the marine aquaculture industry. Honokiol was proven to induce C. irritans tomont cytoplasm shrinkage and death in our previous study, but the mechanism by which it works remains unknown. METHODS In this study, the changes of apoptotic morphology and apoptotic ratio were detected by microscopic observation and AnnexinV-FITC/PI staining. The effects of honokiol on intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) concentration, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), reactive oxygen species (ROS), quantity of DNA fragmentations (QDF) and caspase activities were detected by Fluo-3 staining, JC-1 staining, DCFH-DA staining, Tunel method and caspase activity assay kit. The effects of honokiol on mRNA expression levels of 61 apoptosis-related genes in tomonts of C. irritans were detected by real-time PCR. RESULTS The results of the study on the effects of honokiol concentration on C. irritans tomont apoptosis-like death showed that the highest levels of prophase apoptosis-like death rate (PADR), [Ca2+]i concentration, ROS, the activities of caspase-3/9 and the lowest necrosis ratio (NER) were obtained at a concentration of 1 μg/ml, which was considered the most suitable for inducing C. irritans tomont apoptosis-like death. When C. irritans tomonts were treated with 1 μg/ml honokiol, the [Ca2+]i concentration began to increase significantly at 1 h. Following this, the ROS, QDF and activities of caspase-3/9 began to increase significantly, and the ΔΨm began to decrease significantly at 2 h; the highest PADR was obtained at 4 h. The mRNA expression of 14 genes was significantly upregulated during honokiol treatment. Of these genes, itpr2, capn1, mc, actg1, actb, parp2, traf2 and fos were enriched in the pathway related to apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. CONCLUSIONS This article shows that honokiol can induce C. irritans tomont apoptosis-like death. These results suggest that honokiol may disrupt [Ca2+]i homeostasis in ER and then induce C. irritans tomont apoptosis-like death by caspase cascade or mitochondrial pathway, which might represent a novel therapeutic intervention for C. irritans infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Chen Zhao
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Man-Yi Jiang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Hui Huang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China
- Technology Center of Haikou Customs District, Haikou, 570105, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Lin
- Aquaculture Department, Hainan Agriculture School, Haikou, 571101, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Liang Guo
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi-Hong Zhong
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Qin Huang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Long Liu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng-Wei Deng
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Can Zhou
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Pan L, E T, Xu C, Fan X, Xia J, Liu Y, Liu J, Zhao J, Bao N, Zhao Y, Sun H, Qin G, Farouk MH. The apoptotic effects of soybean agglutinin were induced through three different signal pathways by down-regulating cytoskeleton proteins in IPEC-J2 cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5753. [PMID: 37031286 PMCID: PMC10082828 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32951-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean agglutinin (SBA) is a main anti-nutritional factor in soybean. SBA exhibits its anti-nutritional functions by binding to intestinal epithelial cells. Keratin8 (KRT8), Keratin18 (KRT18) and Actin (ACTA) are the representative SBA-specific binding proteins. Such cytoskeletal proteins act a crucial role in different cell activities. However, limited reports reveal what the signal transduction pathway of apoptosis caused by SBA when binding to KRT8, KRT18 and ACTA. We aimed to evaluate the effects of SBA on cell apoptosis and the expression of the cytoskeletal protein (KRT8, KRT18 and ACTA), reveal the roles of these cytoskeletal proteins or their combinations on SBA-induced cell apoptosis in IPEC-J2 cell line, evaluate the influences of SBA on the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum stress and death receptor-mediated apoptosis signal pathway and to show the roles of KRT8, KRT18 and ACTA in different apoptosis signal pathways induced by SBA. The results showed that SBA induced the IPEC-J2 cell apoptosis and decreased the mRNA expression of KRT8, KRT18 and ACTA (p < 0.05). The degree of effect of three cytoskeleton proteins on cell apoptosis was ACTA > KRT8 > KRT18. The roles of these three cytoskeletal proteins on IPEC-J2 apoptotic rates had a certain accumulation effect. SBA up-regulated mitochondrial fission variant protein (FIS1) and fusion protein (Mfn2) promoted CytC and AIF in mitochondria to enter the cytoplasm, activated caspase-9 and caspase-3, damaged or declined mitochondrial function and reduced ATP synthesis (p < 0.05). Also, SBA up-regulated the expression of GRP78, XBP-1, eIF2α, p-eIF2α and CHOP (p < 0.05), down-regulated the expression level of ASK1 protein (p < 0.05). SBA led to the recruitment of FADD to the cytoplasmic membrane and increased the expression of FasL, resulting in caspase-8 processing. SBA up-regulated the expression level of Bax protein and decreased cytosolic Bcl-2 and Bid (p < 0.05). In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between the gene expression of cytoskeleton proteins and apoptosis, as well as the expression of key proteins of apoptosis-related signal transduction pathways. In conclusion, SBA induced the activation of the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum stress and the death receptor-mediated apoptosis signal pathway and the crosstalk between them. The effect of SBA on these three pathways was mainly exhibited via down-regulation of the mRNA expression of the three cytoskeletal expressions. This study elucidates the molecular mechanism and signaling pathway of SBA that lead to apoptosis from the perspective of cell biology and molecular biology and provides a new perspective on the toxicity mechanism of other food-derived anti-nutrients, medical gastrointestinal health and related cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianjiao E
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiapu Fan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinpeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Bao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Guixin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mohammed Hamdy Farouk
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11884, Cairo, Egypt.
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9
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De Silva E, Paul M, Kim H. Apoptosis in platelets is independent of the actin cytoskeleton. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276584. [PMID: 36378629 PMCID: PMC9665360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis between platelet production and clearance is essential for human health. A critical facet of the balance that facilitates platelet clearance from the circulation is apoptosis (programmed cell death). The precise cellular mechanisms that underpin platelet apoptosis are not defined. In nucleated cells, reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton is known to regulate platelet apoptosis. However, the role of the actin cytoskeleton in regulating apoptosis in platelets has not been extensively studied as they are anucleate and exhibit a distinctive physiology. Here, apoptosis was induced in washed human platelets using ABT-737, a BH3-mimetic drug. Mitochondrial depolarization was measured using the ratiometric dye JC-1; surface phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure was measured by annexin V binding; caspase-3 activation was measured by Western blotting. All three apoptotic markers were unaffected by the presence of either the actin depolymerizing drug cytochalasin D or the actin polymerizing drug jasplakinolide. Moreover, platelets were isolated from wild-type (WT) mice and mice deficient in gelsolin (Gsn), an actin-binding protein that is essential for normal cytoskeletal remodeling. In response to ABT-737, gelsolin-null (Gsn-/-) platelets initially showed accelerated PS exposure relative to WT platelets, however, both WT and Gsn-/- platelets exhibited similar levels of mitochondrial depolarization and caspase-3 activation in response to ABT-737. We conclude that ABT-737 induces established markers of platelet apoptosis in an actin-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoli De Silva
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Manoj Paul
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hugh Kim
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
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10
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Metzner K, Darawsha O, Wang M, Gaur N, Cheng Y, Rödiger A, Frahm C, Witte OW, Perocchi F, Axer H, Grosskreutz J, Brill MS. Age-dependent increase of cytoskeletal components in sensory axons in human skin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:965382. [PMID: 36393849 PMCID: PMC9664158 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.965382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex process characterized by several molecular and cellular imbalances. The composition and stability of the neuronal cytoskeleton is essential for the maintenance of homeostasis, especially in long neurites. Using human skin biopsies containing sensory axons from a cohort of healthy individuals, we investigate alterations in cytoskeletal content and sensory axon caliber during aging via quantitative immunostainings. Cytoskeletal components show an increase with aging in both sexes, while elevation in axon diameter is only evident in males. Transcriptomic data from aging males illustrate various patterns in gene expression during aging. Together, the data suggest gender-specific changes during aging in peripheral sensory axons, possibly influencing cytoskeletal functionality and axonal caliber. These changes may cumulatively increase susceptibility of aged individuals to neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Metzner
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany,Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Omar Darawsha
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mengzhe Wang
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nayana Gaur
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany,Laboratory Animal Centre, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yiming Cheng
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Christiane Frahm
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Otto W. Witte
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Fabiana Perocchi
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany,Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Munich, Germany,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Hubertus Axer
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Julian Grosskreutz
- Precision Neurology of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany,PMI Cluster, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Monika S. Brill
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany,*Correspondence: Monika S. Brill,
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11
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Fingerhut L, Yücel L, Strutzberg-Minder K, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, Ohnesorge B, de Buhr N. Ex Vivo and In Vitro Analysis Identify a Detrimental Impact of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps on Eye Structures in Equine Recurrent Uveitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:830871. [PMID: 35251020 PMCID: PMC8896353 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.830871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is a common ocular disease of horses and described as a model for human autoimmune uveitis. This immune-mediated, inflammatory condition progressively destroys the eye, ultimately leading to blindness. Genetic and autoimmune factors, next to infections with Leptospira, are discussed as key factors in the pathogenesis. Furthermore, a release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) by activated neutrophils is involved. NETs are composed of decondensed chromatin and proteins that can immobilize invading pathogens. However, if NETs accumulate, they can contribute to detrimental autoimmune processes. Thus, we aimed to investigate the impact of NETs in ERU patients. Therefore, we quantified several NET-markers (cell-free DNA, nucleosomes, citrullinated histone H3, histone-myeloperoxidase complexes, interleukin-17, equine cathelicidin 1 and DNase I activity) and NET-autoantibodies in sera and vitreous body fluids (VBF) of ERU-diseased horses and correlated the data with the disease status (signalment, ERU scores and Leptospira infection status). NET markers were detected to varying degrees in VBF of diseased horses, and partially correlated to disease severity and the presence of Leptospira spp. Cell-free DNA and nucleosomes as NET markers correlate with ERU severity in total and VBF scores, despite the presence of active DNases. Additionally, a significant correlation between fundus affection in the eye and NET autoantibodies was detectable. Therefore, we further investigated the influence of VBF samples from equine patients and isolated NETs on the blood-retina barrier in a cell culture model. VBF of diseased horses significantly induced cytotoxicity in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Moreover, partially digested NETs also resulted in cytotoxic effects. In the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the main component of the leptospiral surface, both undigested and completely digested NETs were cytotoxic. Correlations between the ERU-scores and Leptospira were also calculated. Detection of leptospiral DNA, and antibody titers of the serovar Grippotyphosa correlated with disease severity. In addition, a correlation between Leptospira and several NET markers was observed in VBF. Altogether, our findings suggest a positive correlation between NET markers with disease severity and involvement of Leptospira in the VBF of ERU-diseased horses, as well as a cytotoxic effect of NETs in eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Fingerhut
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Leyla Yücel
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernhard Ohnesorge
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicole de Buhr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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12
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Levi H, Bar E, Cohen-Adiv S, Sweitat S, Kanner S, Galron R, Mitiagin Y, Barzilai A. Dysfunction of cerebellar microglia in Ataxia-telangiectasia. Glia 2021; 70:536-557. [PMID: 34854502 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a multisystem autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the ATM gene and characterized by cerebellar atrophy, progressive ataxia, immunodeficiency, male and female sterility, radiosensitivity, cancer predisposition, growth retardation, insulin-resistant diabetes, and premature aging. ATM phosphorylates more than 1500 target proteins, which are involved in cell cycle control, DNA repair, apoptosis, modulation of chromatin structure, and other cytoplasmic as well as mitochondrial processes. In our quest to better understand the mechanisms by which ATM deficiency causes cerebellar degeneration, we hypothesized that specific vulnerabilities of cerebellar microglia underlie the etiology of A-T. Our hypothesis is based on the recent finding that dysfunction of glial cells affect a variety of process leading to impaired neuronal functionality (Song et al., 2019). Whereas astrocytes and neurons descend from the neural tube, microglia originate from the hematopoietic system, invade the brain at early embryonic stage, and become the innate immune cells of the central nervous system and important participants in development of synaptic plasticity. Here we demonstrate that microglia derived from Atm-/- mouse cerebellum display accelerated cell migration and are severely impaired in phagocytosis, secretion of neurotrophic factors, and mitochondrial activity, suggestive of apoptotic processes. Interestingly, no microglial impairment was detected in Atm-deficient cerebral cortex, and Atm deficiency had less impact on astroglia than microglia. Collectively, our findings validate the roles of glial cells in cerebellar attrition in A-T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadar Levi
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ela Bar
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Stav Cohen-Adiv
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Suzan Sweitat
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sivan Kanner
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronit Galron
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yulia Mitiagin
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ari Barzilai
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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13
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Kim HU, Bharda AV, Moon JC, Jeoung D, Chung JM, Jung HS. Microscopic studies on severing properties of actin-binding protein: its potential use in therapeutic treatment of actin-rich inclusions. J Anal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-021-00305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractActin is an important unit of the cytoskeletal system, involved in many cellular processes including cell motility, signaling, and intracellular trafficking. Various studies have been undertaken to understand the regulatory mechanisms pertaining actin functions, especially the ones controlled by actin-binding proteins. However, not much has been explored about the molecular aspects of these proteins implicated in various diseases. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the molecular properties of gelsolin, an actin-severing protein on the disassembly of the aggregation of actin-rich intracellular inclusions, Hirano body. We observed a decreasing tendency of actin aggregation by co-sedimentation assay and transmission electron microscopy in the presence of gelsolin. Therefore, we provide suggestive evidence for the use of actin-severing protein in novel therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative conditions.
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14
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Snoch W, Wnuk D, Witko T, Staroń J, Bojarski AJ, Jarek E, Plou FJ, Guzik M. In Search of Effective Anticancer Agents-Novel Sugar Esters Based on Polyhydroxyalkanoate Monomers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7238. [PMID: 34281292 PMCID: PMC8268987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the deadliest illness globally. Searching for new solutions in cancer treatments is essential because commonly used mixed, targeted and personalized therapies are sometimes not sufficient or are too expensive for common patients. Sugar fatty acid esters (SFAEs) are already well-known as promising candidates for an alternative medical tool. The manuscript brings the reader closer to methods of obtaining various SFAEs using combined biological, chemical and enzymatic methods. It presents how modification of SFAE's hydrophobic chains can influence their cytotoxicity against human skin melanoma and prostate cancer cell lines. The compound's cytotoxicity was determined by an MTT assay, which followed an assessment of SFAEs' potential metastatic properties in concentrations below IC50 values. Despite relatively high IC50 values (63.3-1737.6 μM) of the newly synthesized SFAE, they can compete with other sugar esters already described in the literature. The chosen bioactives caused low polymerization of microtubules and the depolymerization of actin filaments in nontoxic levels, which suggest an apoptotic rather than metastatic process. Altogether, cancer cells showed no propensity for metastasis after treating them with SFAE. They confirmed that lactose-based compounds seem the most promising surfactants among tested sugar esters. This manuscript creates a benchmark for creation of novel anticancer agents based on 3-hydroxylated fatty acids of bacterial origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Snoch
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (W.S.); (T.W.); (E.J.)
| | - Dawid Wnuk
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Witko
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (W.S.); (T.W.); (E.J.)
| | - Jakub Staroń
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (J.S.); (A.J.B.)
| | - Andrzej J. Bojarski
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (J.S.); (A.J.B.)
| | - Ewelina Jarek
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (W.S.); (T.W.); (E.J.)
| | - Francisco J. Plou
- Instituto de Catalisis y Petroleoquimica, CSIC (Spanish National Research Council), Calle de Marie Curie, 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Maciej Guzik
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (W.S.); (T.W.); (E.J.)
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15
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Thioridazine requires calcium influx to induce MLL-AF6-rearranged AML cell death. Blood Adv 2021; 4:4417-4429. [PMID: 32931582 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML), intensive chemotherapy and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are the cornerstones of treatment in high-risk cases, with severe late effects and a still high risk of disease recurrence as the main drawbacks. The identification of targeted, more effective, safer drugs is thus desirable. We performed a high-throughput drug-screening assay of 1280 compounds and identified thioridazine (TDZ), a drug that was highly selective for the t(6;11)(q27;q23) MLL-AF6 (6;11)AML rearrangement, which mediates a dramatically poor (below 20%) survival rate. TDZ induced cell death and irreversible progress toward the loss of leukemia cell clonogenic capacity in vitro. Thus, we explored its mechanism of action and found a profound cytoskeletal remodeling of blast cells that led to Ca2+ influx, triggering apoptosis through mitochondrial depolarization, confirming that this latter phenomenon occurs selectively in t(6;11)AML, for which AF6 does not work as a cytoskeletal regulator, because it is sequestered into the nucleus by the fusion gene. We confirmed TDZ-mediated t(6;11)AML toxicity in vivo and enhanced the drug's safety by developing novel TDZ analogues that exerted the same effect on leukemia reduction, but with lowered neuroleptic effects in vivo. Overall, these results refine the MLL-AF6 AML leukemogenic mechanism and suggest that the benefits of targeting it be corroborated in further clinical trials.
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16
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Legon L, Rallis C. Genome-wide screens in yeast models towards understanding chronological lifespan regulation. Brief Funct Genomics 2021; 21:4-12. [PMID: 33728458 PMCID: PMC8834652 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular models such as yeasts are a driving force in biogerontology studies. Their simpler genome, short lifespans and vast genetic and genomics resources make them ideal to characterise pro-ageing and anti-ageing genes and signalling pathways. Over the last three decades, yeasts have contributed to the understanding of fundamental aspects of lifespan regulation including the roles of nutrient response, global protein translation rates and quality, DNA damage, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function and dysfunction as well as autophagy. In this short review, we focus on approaches used for competitive and non-competitive cell-based screens using the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, for deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying chronological ageing. Automation accompanied with appropriate computational tools allowed manipulation of hundreds of thousands of colonies, generation, processing and analysis of genome-wide lifespan data. Together with barcoding and modern mutagenesis technologies, these approaches have allowed to take decisive steps towards a global, comprehensive view of cellular ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Legon
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Charalampos Rallis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
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17
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Pathak S, Parkar H, Tripathi S, Kale A. Ofloxacin as a Disruptor of Actin Aggresome "Hirano Bodies": A Potential Repurposed Drug for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:591579. [PMID: 33132905 PMCID: PMC7573105 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.591579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing number of aging populations that are more prone to the prevalence of neuropathological disorders. Two major diseases that show a late onset of the symptoms include Alzheimer’s disorder (AD) and Parkinson’s disorder (PD), which are causing an unexpected social and economic impact on the families. A large number of researches in the last decade have focused upon the role of amyloid precursor protein, Aβ-plaque, and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles (tau-proteins). However, there is very few understanding of actin-associated paracrystalline structures formed in the hippocampus region of the brain and are called Hirano bodies. These actin-rich inclusion bodies are known to modulate the synaptic plasticity and employ conspicuous effects on long-term potentiation and paired-pulse paradigms. Since the currently known drugs have very little effect in controlling the progression of these diseases, there is a need to develop therapeutic agents, which can have improved efficacy and bioavailability, and can transport across the blood–brain barrier. Moreover, finding novel targets involving compound screening is both laborious and is an expensive process in itself followed by equally tedious Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval exercise. Finding alternative functions to the already existing FDA-approved molecules for reversing the progression of age-related proteinopathies is of utmost importance. In the current study, we decipher the role of a broad-spectrum general antibiotic (Ofloxacin) on actin polymerization dynamics using various biophysical techniques like right-angle light scattering, dynamic light scattering, circular dichroism spectrometry, isothermal titration calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, etc. We have also performed in silico docking studies to deduce a plausible mechanism of the drug binding to the actin. We report that actin gets disrupted upon binding to Ofloxacin in a concentration-dependent manner. We have inferred that Ofloxacin, when attached to a drug delivery system, can act as a good candidate for the treatment of neuropathological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samridhi Pathak
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Mumbai - Department of Atomic Energy Center for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari Campus, Mumbai, India
| | - Haifa Parkar
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Mumbai - Department of Atomic Energy Center for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari Campus, Mumbai, India
| | - Sarita Tripathi
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Mumbai - Department of Atomic Energy Center for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari Campus, Mumbai, India
| | - Avinash Kale
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Mumbai - Department of Atomic Energy Center for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari Campus, Mumbai, India
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Patil AS, Mahajan UB, Agrawal YO, Patil KR, Patil CR, Ojha S, Sharma C, Goyal SN. Plant-derived natural therapeutics targeting cannabinoid receptors in metabolic syndrome and its complications: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110889. [PMID: 33113429 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is natural physiological system in the humans. The presence of the ECS system involves different roles in body. The endocannabinoid system involves regulation of most of the centers, which regulates the hunger and leads to changes in the weight. In the present article, we reviewed the role of natural cannabinoid compounds in metabolic disorders and related complications. We studied variety of a plant-derived cannabinoids in treating the metabolic syndrome including stoutness, fatty acid liver diseases, insulin obstruction, dementia, hypertension, lipid abnormalities, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, endothelial damage, and polycystic ovarian syndrome and so on. The activation of cannabinoid receptors demonstrates a significant number of beneficial approaches concerning metabolic syndrome and reduces the pro-inflammatory cytokines on account of aggravation, decreased oxidative stress and uneasiness, diminishes liver fibrosis, with reduces adiponectin. Pre-clinical investigations of plant-derived cannabinoids resulted in promising outcomes. The different distinctive plant-derived cannabinoids were discovered like cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), cannabichromene (CBC), and cannabidiol (CBG). It has been observed that endogenous cannabinoids and plant-derived cannabinoids have an advantageous impact on limiting the metabolic disorder arising due to lifestyle changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani S Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, 425405, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Umesh B Mahajan
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, 425405, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Yogeeta O Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dhule, Maharashtra, 425405, India
| | - Kalpesh R Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, 425405, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chandragouda R Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, 425405, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sameer N Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, 425405, Dhule, Maharashtra, India; SVKM's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, Maharashtra, 424 001, India.
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Gattás-Asfura KM, Abuid NJ, Labrada I, Stabler CL. Promoting Dendrimer Self-Assembly Enhances Covalent Layer-by-Layer Encapsulation of Pancreatic Islets. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:2641-2651. [PMID: 32587885 PMCID: PMC7316358 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
For type 1 diabetics, islet transplantation can induce beneficial outcomes, including insulin independence and improved glycemic control. The long-term function of the grafted tissue, however, is challenged by host inflammatory and immune responses. Cell encapsulation can decrease detrimental host responses to the foreign implant, but standard microencapsulation imparts large transplant volumes and impaired metabolite and nutrient diffusion. To mitigate these effects, we developed an efficient covalent Layer-by-Layer (cLbL) approach for live-cell nanoencapsulation, based on oppositely charged hyperbranched polymers functionalized with complementary Staudinger ligation groups. Reliance on cationic polymers for cLbL, however, is problematic due to their poor biocompatibility. Herein, we incorporated the additional feature of supramolecular self-assembly of the dendritic polymers to enhance layer uniformity and decrease net polymer charge. Functionalization of poly (amino amide) (PAMAM) with triethoxysilane decreased polymer charge without compromising the uniformity and stability of resulting nanoscale islet coatings. Encapsulated pancreatic rat islets were viable and functional. The implantation of cLbL islets into diabetic mice resulted in stable normoglycemia, at equivalent dosage and efficiency as uncoated islets, with no observable alterations in cellular engraftment or foreign body responses. By balancing multi-functionality and self-assembly, nano-scale and stable covalent layer-by-layer polymeric coatings could be efficiently generated onto cellular organoids, presenting a highly adaptable platform for broad use in cellular transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- KM Gattás-Asfura
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - NJ Abuid
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - I Labrada
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - CL Stabler
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Rudzińska M, Parodi A, Balakireva AV, Chepikova OE, Venanzi FM, Zamyatnin AA. Cellular Aging Characteristics and Their Association with Age-Related Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020094. [PMID: 31979201 PMCID: PMC7071036 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Different molecular signaling pathways, biological processes, and intercellular communication mechanisms control longevity and are affected during cellular senescence. Recent data have suggested that organelle communication, as well as genomic and metabolic dysfunctions, contribute to this phenomenon. Oxidative stress plays a critical role by inducing structural modifications to biological molecules while affecting their function and catabolism and eventually contributing to the onset of age-related dysfunctions. In this scenario, proteins are not adequately degraded and accumulate in the cell cytoplasm as toxic aggregates, increasing cell senescence progression. In particular, carbonylation, defined as a chemical reaction that covalently and irreversibly modifies proteins with carbonyl groups, is considered to be a significant indicator of protein oxidative stress and aging. Here, we emphasize the role and dysregulation of the molecular pathways controlling cell metabolism and proteostasis, the complexity of the mechanisms that occur during aging, and their association with various age-related disorders. The last segment of the review details current knowledge on protein carbonylation as a biomarker of cellular senescence in the development of diagnostics and therapeutics for age-related dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rudzińska
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.R.); (A.P.); (A.V.B.); (O.E.C.); (F.M.V.)
| | - Alessandro Parodi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.R.); (A.P.); (A.V.B.); (O.E.C.); (F.M.V.)
| | - Anastasia V. Balakireva
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.R.); (A.P.); (A.V.B.); (O.E.C.); (F.M.V.)
| | - Olga E. Chepikova
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.R.); (A.P.); (A.V.B.); (O.E.C.); (F.M.V.)
| | - Franco M. Venanzi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.R.); (A.P.); (A.V.B.); (O.E.C.); (F.M.V.)
| | - Andrey A. Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.R.); (A.P.); (A.V.B.); (O.E.C.); (F.M.V.)
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +74956229843
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Pathak S, Tripathi S, Deori N, Ahmad B, Verma H, Lokhande R, Nagotu S, Kale A. Effect of tetracycline family of antibiotics on actin aggregation, resulting in the formation of Hirano bodies responsible for neuropathological disorders. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:236-253. [PMID: 31948361 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1717629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Actin, an ATPase superfamily protein, regulates some vital biological functions like cell locomotion, cytokinesis, synaptic plasticity and cell signaling in higher eukaryotes, and is dependent on the dynamics of actin polymerization process. Impaired regulation of actin polymerization has been implicated in the formation and deposition of rod-like paracrystalline structures called as Hirano bodies in neuronal cells of patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease, Pick's disease, Guam amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia complex. Aggregation of actin forming amorphous deposition in the brain cells is also associated with chronic alcoholism and aging of the neurons. In the current article, we propose the breaking of the highly amorphous and dysregulated actin aggregates using generic compounds like tetracycline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline and minocycline which are used as antibiotics against tuberculosis and infection caused due to various Gram-negative bacteria. We have investigated the effect and affinity of binding of these four compounds to that of actin aggregates using 90° light scattering, size exclusion chromatography, dynamic light scattering, circular dichroism, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy imaging and kinetic analysis. The isothermal calorimetric measurements showed that the binding constant for the cycline family molecules used in this study range from 9.8 E4 M-1 to 1.3 E4 M-1. To understand the in vivo effect, we also studied the effect of these drugs on Saccharomyces cerevisiae Δend3 mutant cells. Our data suggest that these generic compounds can plausibly be used for the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases occurring due to Hirano body formation in brain cells.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samridhi Pathak
- School of Chemical Sciences, UM-DAE Center for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sarita Tripathi
- School of Chemical Sciences, UM-DAE Center for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nayan Deori
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Basir Ahmad
- School of Chemical Sciences, UM-DAE Center for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Protein Assembly Laboratory, JH-Institute of Molecular Medicine, New Delhi, India
| | - Hriday Verma
- School of Life Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rama Lokhande
- School of Life Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shirisha Nagotu
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Avinash Kale
- School of Chemical Sciences, UM-DAE Center for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Nanomechanical insights: Amyloid beta oligomer-induced senescent brain endothelial cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:183061. [PMID: 31513781 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Senescent cells accumulate in various peripheral tissues during aging and have been shown to exacerbate age-related inflammatory responses. We recently showed that exposure to neurotoxic amyloid β (Aβ1-42) oligomers can readily induce a senescence phenotype in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs). In the present work, we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to further characterize the morphological properties such as cell membrane roughness and cell height and nanomechanical properties such as Young's modulus of the membrane (membrane stiffness) and adhesion resulting from the interaction between AFM tip and cell membrane in Aβ1-42 oligomer-induced senescent human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Morphological imaging studies showed a flatter and spread-out nucleus in the senescent HBMECs, both characteristic features of a senescent phenotype. Furthermore, the mean cell body roughness and mean cell height were lower in senescent HBMECs compared to untreated normal HBMECs. We also observed increased stiffness and alterations in the adhesion properties in Aβ1-42 oligomer-induced senescent endothelial cells compared to the untreated normal HBMECs suggesting dynamic reorganization of cell membrane. We then show that vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR-1) knockdown or overexpression of Rho GTPase Rac 1 in the endothelial cells inhibited senescence and reversed these nanomechanical alterations, confirming a direct role of these pathways in the senescent brain endothelial cells. These results illustrate that nanoindentation and topographic analysis of live senescent brain endothelial cells can provide insights into cerebrovascular dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Liu C, Yang S, Wang K, Bao X, Liu Y, Zhou S, Liu H, Qiu Y, Wang T, Yu H. Alkaloids from Traditional Chinese Medicine against hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109543. [PMID: 31655311 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become one of the major diseases that are threatening human health in the 21st century. Currently there are many approaches to treat liver cancer, but each has its own advantages and disadvantages. Among various methods of treating liver cancer, natural medicine treatment has achieved promising results because of their superiorities of high efficiency and availability, as well as low side effects. Alkaloids, as a class of natural ingredients derived from traditional Chinese medicines, have previously been shown to exert prominent anti-hepatocarcinogenic effects, through various mechanisms including inhibition of proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis, changing cell morphology, promoting apoptosis and autophagy, triggering cell cycle arrest, regulating various cancer-related genes as well as pathways and so on. As a consequence, alkaloids suppress the development and progression of liver cancer. In this study, the mechanisms of representative alkaloids against hepatocarcinoma in each class are described systematically according to the structure classification, which mainly divides alkaloids into piperidine alkaloids, isoquinoline alkaloids, indole alkaloids, terpenoids alkaloids, steroidal alkaloids and other alkaloids. Besides using them alone, synergistic effects created together with other chemotherapy drugs and some special preparation methods also have been demonstrated. In this review, we have summarized the potential roles of several common alkaloids in the prevention and treatment of HCC, by revising the preclinical studies, highlighting the potential applications of alkaloids when they function as a therapeutic choice for HCC treatment, and integrating them into clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyan Liu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Shenshen Yang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Kailong Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Xiaomei Bao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yiman Liu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Shiyue Zhou
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yuling Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
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Hamdi H, Abid-Essefi S, Eyer J. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of epoxiconazole on F98 glioma cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 229:314-323. [PMID: 31078888 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Epoxiconazole (EPX) is a very effective fungicide of the triazole family. Given its wide spectrum of use, the increased application of this pesticide may represent a serious risk on human health. Previous studies have found that EPX is cytotoxic to cells, although the exact mechanism remains elusive. In particular, the effect on the nervous system is poorly elucidated. Here we evaluated the implication of oxidative stress in the neurotoxicity and studied its apoptotic mechanism of action. We demonstrated that the treatment by EPX reduces the viability of cells in a dose dependent manner with an IC50 of 50 μM. It also provokes the reduction of cell proliferation. EPX could trigger arrest in G1/S phase of cell cycle with low doses, however with IC50, it induced an accumulation of F98 cells in G2/M phase. Moreover, EPX induced cytoskeleton disruption as evidenced by immunocytochemical analysis. It provoked also DNA fragmentation in a concentration dependent manner. The EPX induced apoptosis, which was observed by morphological changes and by positive Annexin V FITC-PI staining concurrent with a depolarization of mitochondria. Furthermore, the cell mortality provoked by EPX was significantly reduced by pretreatment with Z-VAD-FMK, a caspase inhibitor. Moreover, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) strongly restores cell viability that has been inhibited by EPX. The results of these findings highlight the implication of ROS generation in the neurotoxicity induced by EPX, indicating that the production of ROS is the main cause of the induction of apoptosis probably via the mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Hamdi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, Monastir, 5019, Tunisia; Higher Institute of Biotechnology, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Salwa Abid-Essefi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, Monastir, 5019, Tunisia
| | - Joel Eyer
- Laboratoire Micro et Nanomédecines Translationnelles (MINT), Inserm 1066, CNRS 6021, Institut de Biologie de la Santé, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, 49033, France.
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Paul B, Gaonkar RH, Mukhopadhyay R, Ganguly S, Debnath MC, Mukherjee B. Garcinol-loaded novel cationic nanoliposomes: in vitro and in vivo study against B16F10 melanoma tumor model. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:2045-2065. [PMID: 31368402 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Garcinol (GAR)-loaded cationic nanoliposomes were developed to achieve potential antitumor efficacy on B16F10 melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Materials & methods: Two different phospholipids namely, distearoyl phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) and dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) were used in formulation to elucidate the difference in cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, in vivo tumor uptake (by scintigraphic imaging after technetium-99m radiolabeling) and therapeutic efficacy. Results: Different in vitro protocols, for example, MTT assay, apoptosis study, gene expression analysis, chromatin condensation and cytoskeleton breakdown analysis in B16F10 cell lines as well as scintigraphic analysis and tumor inhibition studies (B16F10 tumor xenograft model) revealed superiority of GAR-DPPC than GAR-DSPC and free GAR in melanoma prevention. Conclusion: Cationic nanoliposomal formulations could be a future medication for skin cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahamacharry Paul
- Infectious Diseases & Immunology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Raghuvir H Gaonkar
- Infectious Diseases & Immunology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Ria Mukhopadhyay
- Infectious Diseases & Immunology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Shantanu Ganguly
- Regional Radiation Medicine Center, Thakurpukur Cancer Center & Welfare Home Campus, Kolkata 700063, India
| | - Mita Chatterjee Debnath
- Infectious Diseases & Immunology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Biswajit Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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Povea-Cabello S, Oropesa-Ávila M, de la Cruz-Ojeda P, Villanueva-Paz M, de la Mata M, Suárez-Rivero JM, Álvarez-Córdoba M, Villalón-García I, Cotán D, Ybot-González P, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. Dynamic Reorganization of the Cytoskeleton during Apoptosis: The Two Coffins Hypothesis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112393. [PMID: 29137119 PMCID: PMC5713361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During apoptosis, cells undergo characteristic morphological changes in which the cytoskeleton plays an active role. The cytoskeleton rearrangements have been mainly attributed to actinomyosin ring contraction, while microtubule and intermediate filaments are depolymerized at early stages of apoptosis. However, recent results have shown that microtubules are reorganized during the execution phase of apoptosis forming an apoptotic microtubule network (AMN). Evidence suggests that AMN is required to maintain plasma membrane integrity and cell morphology during the execution phase of apoptosis. The new “two coffins” hypothesis proposes that both AMN and apoptotic cells can adopt two morphological patterns, round or irregular, which result from different cytoskeleton kinetic reorganization during the execution phase of apoptosis induced by genotoxic agents. In addition, round and irregular-shaped apoptosis showed different biological properties with respect to AMN maintenance, plasma membrane integrity and phagocyte responses. These findings suggest that knowing the type of apoptosis may be important to predict how fast apoptotic cells undergo secondary necrosis and the subsequent immune response. From a pathological point of view, round-shaped apoptosis can be seen as a physiological and controlled type of apoptosis, while irregular-shaped apoptosis can be considered as a pathological type of cell death closer to necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleva Povea-Cabello
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Manuel Oropesa-Ávila
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Patricia de la Cruz-Ojeda
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Marina Villanueva-Paz
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Mario de la Mata
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Juan Miguel Suárez-Rivero
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Mónica Álvarez-Córdoba
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Irene Villalón-García
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - David Cotán
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Patricia Ybot-González
- Grupo de Neurodesarrollo, Unidad de Gestión de Pediatría, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - José A Sánchez-Alcázar
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
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Patel R, Sriramoji S, Marucci M, Aziz I, Shah S, Sesti F. Cytoskeletal remodeling via Rho GTPases during oxidative and thermal stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 492:338-342. [PMID: 28859988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biological systems are highly sensitive to changes in their environment. Indeed, the molecular basis of the environmental stress response suggests that the specialized stress responses share more commonalities than previously believed. Here, we used the nematode C. elegans to gain insight into the role of Rho signaling during two common environmental challenges, oxidative and thermal stress. In response to heat shock (HS), wild type (N2) worms demonstrated reduced viability which was rescued by genetic suppression of CDC42 and RHO-1. Visualization of F-actin by phalloidin-rhodamine underscored a strict correlation between the levels of F-actin following GTPase suppression and survival. Additionally, genetic ablation of OSG-1, a Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor (GEF) previously implicated in oxidative stress, was associated with constitutively lower levels of F-actin and increased mortality. However, upon an oxidative insult F-actin stability decreased in N2 worms, a rescue of this affect was observed in OSG-1 null worms, consistent with the resistance exhibited by these worms to oxidative stress (OS). Together these data suggest that during conditions of thermal or oxidative stress Rho signaling promotes vulnerability by altering actin dynamics. Thus, the stability of the actin cytoskeleton, in part through a conserved mechanism mediated by Rho signaling, is a crucial factor for the cell's survival to environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Patel
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Sindhu Sriramoji
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Marena Marucci
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ibrahim Aziz
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Sejal Shah
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Federico Sesti
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Hill SM, Hanzén S, Nyström T. Restricted access: spatial sequestration of damaged proteins during stress and aging. EMBO Rep 2017; 18:377-391. [PMID: 28193623 PMCID: PMC5331209 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201643458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of damaged and aggregated proteins is a hallmark of aging and increased proteotoxic stress. To limit the toxicity of damaged and aggregated proteins and to ensure that the damage is not inherited by succeeding cell generations, a system of spatial quality control operates to sequester damaged/aggregated proteins into inclusions at specific protective sites. Such spatial sequestration and asymmetric segregation of damaged proteins have emerged as key processes required for cellular rejuvenation. In this review, we summarize findings on the nature of the different quality control sites identified in yeast, on genetic determinants required for spatial quality control, and on how aggregates are recognized depending on the stress generating them. We also briefly compare the yeast system to spatial quality control in other organisms. The data accumulated demonstrate that spatial quality control involves factors beyond the canonical quality control factors, such as chaperones and proteases, and opens up new venues in approaching how proteotoxicity might be mitigated, or delayed, upon aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Malmgren Hill
- Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Sarah Hanzén
- Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Nyström
- Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
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Acrolein-Induced Oxidative Stress and Cell Death Exhibiting Features of Apoptosis in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Deficient in SOD1. Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 71:1525-36. [PMID: 25395196 PMCID: PMC4449388 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a useful eukaryotic model to study the toxicity of acrolein, an important environmental toxin and endogenous product of lipid peroxidation. The study was aimed at elucidation of the cytotoxic effect of acrolein on the yeast deficient in SOD1, Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase which is hypersensitive to aldehydes. Acrolein generated within the cell from its precursor allyl alcohol caused growth arrest and cell death of the yeast cells. The growth inhibition involved an increase in production of reactive oxygen species and high level of protein carbonylation. DNA condensation and fragmentation, exposition of phosphatidylserine at the cell surface as well as decreased dynamic of actin microfilaments and mitochondria disintegration point to the induction of apoptotic-type cell death besides necrotic cell death.
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Comparison of Integrated Responses to Nonlethal and Lethal Hypothermal Stress in Milkfish (Chanos chanos): A Proteomics Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163538. [PMID: 27657931 PMCID: PMC5033585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Milkfish is an important aquaculture species in Taiwan, and its high mortality during cold snaps in winter usually causes huge economic losses. To understand the effect of hypothermal stress and the corresponding compensatory stress response in milkfish, this study aimed to compare liver and gill protein levels between milkfish exposed to nonlethal (18°C), lethal (16°C), and control (28°C) temperatures. Using a proteomics approach based on two-dimensional electrophoresis and nano-LC-MS/MS analysis, this study identified thirty unique protein spots from milkfish livers and gills for which protein abundance was significantly different between nonlethal, lethal, and control temperature groups. Proteins identified in the liver were classified into three different categories according to their cellular function: (1) anti-oxidative stress, (2) apoptotic pathway, and (3) cytoskeleton. Similarly, proteins identified in the gill were sorted in five different functional categories: (1) cytoskeleton, (2) immune response, (3) protein quality control, (4) energy production, and (5) intracellular homeostasis. Based on functional information derived from the identified proteins, we assumed that different levels of hypothermal stress had a different effect and induced a different cellular response. Upon nonlethal hypothermal stress, the identified proteins were involved in anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammation pathways, suggesting that milkfish had high levels of oxidative stress in the liver and exhibited inflammation response in the gill. Upon lethal hypothermal stress, however, identified proteins were associated with apoptosis in the liver and regulation of intracellular homeostasis in the gill. The present study provided evidence to illustrate different multi-physiological responses to nonlethal and lethal hypothermal stress in milkfish livers and gills.
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Fang Z, Jiang C, Feng Y, Chen R, Lin X, Zhang Z, Han L, Chen X, Li H, Guo Y, Jiang W. Effects of G6PD activity inhibition on the viability, ROS generation and mechanical properties of cervical cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:2245-54. [PMID: 27217331 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency has been revealed to be involved in the efficacy to anti-cancer therapy but the mechanism remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the anti-cancer mechanism of G6PD deficiency. In our study, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and shRNA technology were used for inhibiting the activity of G6PD of cervical cancer cells. Peak Force QNM Atomic Force Microscopy was used to assess the changes of topography and biomechanical properties of cells and detect the effects on living cells in a natural aqueous environment. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe cell morphology. Moreover, a laser scanning confocal microscope was used to observe the alterations in cytoskeleton to explore the involved mechanism. When G6PD was inhibited by DHEA or RNA interference, the abnormal Young's modulus and increased roughness of cell membrane were observed in HeLa cells, as well as the idioblasts. Simultaneously, G6PD deficiency resulted in decreased HeLa cells migration and proliferation ability but increased ROS generation inducing apoptosis. What's more, the inhibition of G6PD activity caused the disorganization of microfilaments and microtubules of cytoskeletons and cell shrinkage. Our results indicated the anti-cervix cancer mechanism of G6PD deficiency may be involved with the decreased cancer cells migration and proliferation ability as a result of abnormal reorganization of cell cytoskeleton and abnormal biomechanical properties caused by the increased ROS. Suppression of G6PD may be a promising strategy in developing novel therapeutic methods for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishui Fang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, University and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chengrui Jiang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, University and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, University and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Rixin Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, University and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiaoying Lin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, University and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, University and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Luhao Han
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, University and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiaodan Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, University and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hongyi Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, University and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yibin Guo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, University and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Weiying Jiang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, University and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Shamitko-Klingensmith N, W. Boyd J, Legleiter J. Microtubule modification influences cellular response to amyloid-β exposure. AIMS BIOPHYSICS 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/biophy.2016.2.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Su N, Choi HP, Wang F, Su H, Fei Z, Yang JH, Azadzoi KM. Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Differentially Expressed Proteins and Downstream Signaling Pathways in Chronic Bladder Ischemia. J Urol 2015; 195:515-23. [PMID: 26417643 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Growing evidence suggests that ischemia may contribute to aging associated bladder dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms. Our goal was to determine the effects of chronic ischemia on bladder proteomic profiles and characterize downstream signaling pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bilateral iliac artery atherosclerosis and chronic bladder ischemia were created in male Sprague Dawley® rats. At 8 weeks cystometrograms were obtained. Ischemic and control bladder tissues were then processed for label-free quantitative proteomic analysis. GO (Gene Ontology) and IPA (Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis) software were used to classify altered proteins in bladder ischemia. Western blot was done to confirm differentially expressed proteins. Tissue structure was examined by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Chronic ischemia resulted in detrusor instability and noncompliance. Proteomic analysis revealed a total of 4,277 proteins in ischemic and 4,602 in control bladder tissues. In ischemic bladders 359 and 66 proteins were differentially expressed with a greater than twofold and fivefold change, respectively. On GO analysis differentially expressed proteins were associated with molecular signaling mechanisms underlying proteolysis and degenerative processes. Pathway and network analysis of ischemic tissues suggested that altered proteins are involved in ubiquitination, Nrf2 mediated oxidative stress response, cell death, glucose metabolism and cytoskeleton remodeling. Western blot verified changes in 4 representative proteins, including Nedd4l, Mpo, Ca3 and Fkbp5. Altered proteomic profile of the bladder was associated with widespread ultrastructural damage. CONCLUSIONS Alterations of bladder proteomic profiles in ischemia may provide new insight into molecular pathways underlying bladder dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms in pelvic atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Su
- Departments of Urology, Surgery, Pathology and Proteomics Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Pil Choi
- Departments of Urology, Surgery, Pathology and Proteomics Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fengqin Wang
- Cancer Research Center, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haichuan Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xi'an Tangdu Hospital, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing-Hua Yang
- Departments of Urology, Surgery, Pathology and Proteomics Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Kazem M Azadzoi
- Departments of Urology, Surgery, Pathology and Proteomics Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Huang X, Chen L, Liu W, Qiao Q, Wu K, Wen J, Huang C, Tang R, Zhang X. Involvement of oxidative stress and cytoskeletal disruption in microcystin-induced apoptosis in CIK cells. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 165:41-50. [PMID: 26022555 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of cyanobacterial blooms induces the production and release of microcystins (MCs) into water, representing a health hazard to aquatic organisms and even humans. Some recent studies have suggested that kidney is another important target organ of MCs except liver, however, the potential toxicity mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we first investigated the collaborative effect of oxidative stress and cytoskeletal disruption in microcystin-induced apoptosis in CIK (Ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney) cells in vitro. CIK cells were treated with 0, 1, 10, and 100μg/L microcystin-LR (MC-LR) for 24 and 48h. Cell viability was increased by MC-LR in 1μg/L group, while decreased in 100μg/L group at 48h. Cell cycle assay showed that 1 and 10μg/L MC-LR induced cell cycle through G1 into S and G2/M phases, while 100μg/L MC-LR reduced G2/M phase population. MC-LR markedly induced apoptosis in 10 and 100μg/L groups. Elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, increased malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, decreased glutathione (GSH) levels, and modulated antioxidant enzymes including catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were observed in CIK cells exposed to MC-LR. These alterations were more pronounced at higher doses (10 and 100μg/L), indicating that oxidative stress was induced by MC-LR. Laser scanning confocal microscope observation showed aggregation and collapse of microfilaments (MFs) and microtubules (MTs) in CIK cells, and even loss of some cytoskeleton structure. Moreover, transcriptional changes of cytoskeletal genes (β-actin, lc3a, and keratin) were also determined, which have a high probability with cytoskeleton structure damage. Our data suggest that oxidative stress and cytoskeletal disruption may interact with each other and jointly lead to apoptosis and renal toxicity induced by MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wanjing Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qin Qiao
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kang Wu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Wen
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Cuihong Huang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rong Tang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xuezhen Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Dimitrakopoulou K, Vrahatis AG, Bezerianos A. Integromics network meta-analysis on cardiac aging offers robust multi-layer modular signatures and reveals micronome synergism. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:147. [PMID: 25887273 PMCID: PMC4367845 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1256-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The avalanche of integromics and panomics approaches shifted the deciphering of aging mechanisms from single molecular entities to communities of them. In this orientation, we explore the cardiac aging mechanisms – risk factor for multiple cardiovascular diseases - by capturing the micronome synergism and detecting longevity signatures in the form of communities (modules). For this, we developed a meta-analysis scheme that integrates transcriptome expression data from multiple cardiac-specific independent studies in mouse and human along with proteome and micronome interaction data in the form of multiple independent weighted networks. Modularization of each weighted network produced modules, which in turn were further analyzed so as to define consensus modules across datasets that change substantially during lifespan. Also, we established a metric that determines - from the modular perspective - the synergism of microRNA-microRNA interactions as defined by significantly functionally associated targets. Results The meta-analysis provided 40 consensus integromics modules across mouse datasets and revealed microRNA relations with substantial collective action during aging. Three modules were reproducible, based on homology, when mapped against human-derived modules. The respective homologs mainly represent NADH dehydrogenases, ATP synthases, cytochrome oxidases, Ras GTPases and ribosomal proteins. Among various observations, we corroborate to the involvement of miR-34a (included in consensus modules) as proposed recently; yet we report that has no synergistic effect. Moving forward, we determined its age-related neighborhood in which HCN3, a known heart pacemaker channel, was included. Also, miR-125a-5p/-351, miR-200c/-429, miR-106b/-17, miR-363/-92b, miR-181b/-181d, miR-19a/-19b, let-7d/-7f, miR-18a/-18b, miR-128/-27b and miR-106a/-291a-3p pairs exhibited significant synergy and their association to aging and/or cardiovascular diseases is supported in many cases by a disease database and previous studies. On the contrary, we suggest that miR-22 has not substantial impact on heart longevity as proposed recently. Conclusions We revised several proteins and microRNAs recently implicated in cardiac aging and proposed for the first time modules as signatures. The integromics meta-analysis approach can serve as an efficient subvening signature tool for more-oriented better-designed experiments. It can also promote the combinational multi-target microRNA therapy of age-related cardiovascular diseases along the continuum from prevention to detection, diagnosis, treatment and outcome. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1256-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aristidis G Vrahatis
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, 26500, Greece. .,Department of Computer Engineering and Informatics, University of Patras, Patras, 26500, Greece.
| | - Anastasios Bezerianos
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, 26500, Greece. .,Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), Center of Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
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Guanine nucleotide exchange factor OSG-1 confers functional aging via dysregulated Rho signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans neurons. Genetics 2014; 199:487-96. [PMID: 25527286 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.114.173500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho signaling regulates a variety of biological processes, but whether it is implicated in aging remains an open question. Here we show that a guanine nucleotide exchange factor of the Dbl family, OSG-1, confers functional aging by dysregulating Rho GTPases activities in C. elegans. Thus, gene reporter analysis revealed widespread OSG-1 expression in muscle and neurons. Loss of OSG-1 gene function was not associated with developmental defects. In contrast, suppression of OSG-1 lessened loss of function (chemotaxis) in ASE sensory neurons subjected to conditions of oxidative stress generated during natural aging, by oxidative challenges, or by genetic mutations. RNAi analysis showed that OSG-1 was specific toward activation of RHO-1 GTPase signaling. RNAi further implicated actin-binding proteins ARX-3 and ARX-5, thus the actin cytoskeleton, as one of the targets of OSG-1/RHO-1 signaling. Taken together these data suggest that OSG-1 is recruited under conditions of oxidative stress, a hallmark of aging, and contributes to promote loss of neuronal function by affecting the actin cytoskeleton via altered RHO-1 activity.
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Bernardini G, Laschi M, Serchi T, Spreafico A, Botta M, Schenone S, Arena S, Geminiani M, Scaloni A, Collodel G, Orlandini M, Niccolai N, Santucci A. Proteomics and phosphoproteomics provide insights into the mechanism of action of a novel pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine Src inhibitor in human osteosarcoma. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 10:1305-12. [PMID: 24615350 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70328b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a highly malignant bone tumour, affecting mainly children and young adults between 10 and 20 years of age. It represents the most frequent primitive malignant tumour of the skeletal system and is characterized by an extremely aggressive clinical course, with rapid development of lung metastases. In the last few years, targeting Src in the treatment of OS has become one of the major challenges in the development of new drugs, since an elevated Src kinase activity has been associated with the development and the maintenance of the OS malignant phenotype. Recently, SI-83, a novel pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivate Src inhibitor, was selected as a promising OS therapeutic drug because of its elevated anti-tumour effects toward human OS. In the present study, gel-based proteomics and phosphoproteomics revealed significant changes in proteins involved in many cancer related processes. We got insight into SI-83 proapoptotic and antiproliferative properties (overrepresentation of GRIA1, GRP78, and CALR and underrepresentation of NPM1, RCN, and P4HB). Nevertheless, the most significant findings of our work are the SI-83 induced dephosphorylation of ARPC5L, a subunit of the actin related Arp2/3 complex, and the decrease of other cytoskeleton proteins. These data, together with a dramatic impairment of SaOS-2 cell migration and adhesion, suggest that SI-83 may have antimetastatic features that enhance its use as a potent OS chemotherapeutic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bernardini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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Yucel EB, Eraslan S, Ulgen KO. The impact of medium acidity on the chronological life span ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae - lipids, signaling cascades, mitochondrial and vacuolar functions. FEBS J 2014; 281:1281-303. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esra B. Yucel
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Boğaziçi University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Serpil Eraslan
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Boğaziçi University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Kutlu O. Ulgen
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Boğaziçi University; Istanbul Turkey
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Maslinic acid, a triterpenic anti-tumoural agent, interferes with cytoskeleton protein expression in HT29 human colon-cancer cells. J Proteomics 2013; 83:15-25. [PMID: 23499989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Maslinic acid (MA) is an anti-tumoural agent which shows potent anti-proliferative properties against the HT29 colon-cancer cells. To shed light upon the active mechanism of MA we have investigated its effects upon the cytoskeleton. We used a proteomics procedure based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, mass analysis and peptide mass fingerprinting. The incubation of HT29 cells with MA led to G1 cell-cycle arrest. After 24hours' exposure to 3.7μM (IC50/8) and 30μM (IC50) MA fourteen differentially expressed cytoskeletal proteins could be discerned. One group of these proteins, made up of keratin 2, keratin 8, keratin type II cytoskeletal 8, keratin type I cytoskeletal 9, keratin type I cytoskeletal 18, cytokeratins 18 and 19, and β-actin, exert a structural function, whilst another group, made up of lamin B1, gelsolin 1, septin 2, villin 1, actin-related protein 2 and moesin, is related to the nucleation of actin and cytoskeleton formation. Changes in the expression of moesin, villin 1 and β-actin identified by the proteomics techniques were corroborated by Western blotting. This is the first evidence obtained of the regulatory effects of MA on the cytoskeleton, which may prove to be one of the bases of its anti-proliferative effect against colon-cancer cells. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this paper we describe the changes in the expression of different cytoskeleton proteins identified by the proteomics techniques and corroborated by Western blotting. This is the first evidence obtained of the regulatory effects of MA on the cytoskeleton, which may prove to be one of the bases of its anti-proliferative effect against colon-cancer cells.
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Chen L, Zhang X, Zhou W, Qiao Q, Liang H, Li G, Wang J, Cai F. The interactive effects of cytoskeleton disruption and mitochondria dysfunction lead to reproductive toxicity induced by microcystin-LR. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53949. [PMID: 23342045 PMCID: PMC3547071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms evokes profound concerns. The presence of microcystins (MCs) in waters and aquatic food increases the risk to human health. Some recent studies have suggested that the gonad is the second most important target organ of MCs, however, the potential toxicity mechanisms are still unclear. For a better understanding of reproductive toxicity of MCs on animals, we conducted the present experimental investigation. Male rats were intraperitoneally injected with MC-LR for 50 d with the doses of 1 and 10 µg/kg body weight per day. After prolonged exposure to MC-LR, the testes index significantly decreased in 10 µg/kg group. Light microscope observation indicated that the space between the seminiferous tubules was increased. Ultrastructural observation showed some histopathological characteristics, including cytoplasmic shrinkage, cell membrane blebbing, swollen mitochondria and deformed nucleus. Using Q-PCR methods, the transcriptional levels of some cytoskeletal and mitochondrial genes were determined. MC-LR exposure affected the homeostasis of the expression of cytoskeletal genes, causing possible dysfunction of cytoskeleton assembly. In MC-LR treatments, all the 8 mitochondrial genes related with oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) significantly increased. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) level significantly increased in 10 µg/kg group. The mitochondria swelling and DNA damage were also determined in 10 µg/kg group. Hormone levels of testis significantly changed. The present study verified that both cytoskeleton disruption possibly due to cytoskeletal reorganization or depolymerization and mitochondria dysfunction interact with each other through inducing of reactive oxygen species and oxidative phosphorylation, and jointly result in testis impairment after exposure to MC-LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Fisheries College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuezhen Zhang
- Fisheries College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenshan Zhou
- Fisheries College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Qiao
- Fisheries College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Hualei Liang
- Fisheries College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- Fisheries College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianghua Wang
- Fisheries College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Cai
- Department of pharmacology, Medical College, Xianning University, Xianning, China
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The Fading Electricity Theory of Ageing: the missing biophysical principle? Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:58-66. [PMID: 22940501 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Since a few years convincing data are accumulating showing that some of the premises of the master integrative theory of ageing, namely Harman's Reactive Oxygen Species or free radical theory, are less well founded than originally assumed. In addition, none of the about another dozen documented ageing mechanisms seems to hold the final answer as to the ultimate cause and evolutionary significance of ageing. This review raises the question whether, perhaps, something important has been overlooked, namely a biophysical principle, electrical in nature. The first cell on earth started to be alive when its system for generating its own electricity, carried by inorganic ions, became operational. Any cell dies at the very moment that this system irreversibly collapses. In between birth and death, the system is subject to wear and tear because any cell's overall repair system is not 100 percent waterproof; otherwise adaptation would not be an option. The Fading Electricity Theory of Ageing has all necessary properties for acting as a universal major integrative concept. The advent of novel methods will facilitate the study of bioelectrical phenomena with molecular biological methods in combination with optogenetics, thereby offering challenging possibilities for innovative research in evo-gero.
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Vannini C, Marsoni M, Cantara C, De Pinto MC, Locato V, De Gara L, Bracale M. The soluble proteome of tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cells undergoing H₂O₂-induced programmed cell death. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:3137-55. [PMID: 22355080 PMCID: PMC3350924 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant programmed cell death (PCD) is a genetically controlled process that plays an important role in development and stress responses. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key inducers of PCD. The addition of 50 mM H₂O₂ to tobacco Bright Yellow-2 (TBY-2) cell cultures induces PCD. A comparative proteomic analysis of TBY-2 cells treated with 50 mM H₂O₂ for 30 min and 3 h was performed. The results showed early down-regulation of several elements in the cellular redox hub and inhibition of the protein repair-degradation system. The expression patterns of proteins involved in the homeostatic response, in particular those associated with metabolism, were consistently altered. The changes in abundance of several cytoskeleton proteins confirmed the active role of the cytoskeleton in PCD signalling. Cells undergoing H₂O₂-induced PCD fail to cope with oxidative stress. The antioxidant defence system and the anti-PCD signalling cascades are inhibited. This promotes a genetically programmed cell suicide pathway. Fifteen differentially expressed proteins showed an expression pattern similar to that previously observed in TBY-2 cells undergoing heat shock-induced PCD. The possibility that these proteins are part of a core complex required for PCD induction is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candida Vannini
- Dipartimento Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Milena Marsoni
- Dipartimento Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Carlo Cantara
- Dipartimento Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | | | - Vittoria Locato
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via A. del Portillo 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Laura De Gara
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via A. del Portillo 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Marcella Bracale
- Dipartimento Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
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Chan HT, Lee TR, Huang SH, Lee HY, Sang TK, Chan HL, Lyu PC. Proteomic analysis of a drosophila IBMPFD model reveals potential pathogenic mechanisms. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2012; 8:1730-41. [PMID: 22481368 DOI: 10.1039/c2mb25037c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
IBMPFD, Inclusion body myopathy associated with Paget's disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia, is a hereditary degenerative disorder due to single missense mutations in VCP (Valosin-Containing Protein). The mechanisms of how mutations of VCP lead to IBMPFD remain mysterious. Here we utilize two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) combined with mass spectrometry to study the IBMPFD disorder at the protein level. With this set-up, we are able to employ comparative proteomics to analyze IBMPFD disease using Drosophila melanogaster as our disease model organism. Head proteome of transgenic D. melanogaster expressing wild type VCP is compared, respectively, with the head proteome of transgenic mutant type VCPs that correspond to human IBMPFD disease alleles (TER94(A229E), TER94(R188Q), and TER94(R152H)). Of all the proteins identified, a significant fraction of proteins altered in TER94(A229E) and TER94(R188Q) mutants belong to the same functional categories, i.e. apoptosis and metabolism. Among these, Drosophila transferrin is observed to be significantly up-regulated in mutant flies expressing TER94(A229E). A knock-down experiment suggests that fly transferrin might be a potential modifier in IBMPFD disease. The molecular analysis of IBMPFD disease may benefit from the proteomics approach which combines the advantages of high throughput analysis and the focus on protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Tzu Chan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Borklu Yucel E, Ulgen KO. A network-based approach on elucidating the multi-faceted nature of chronological aging in S. cerevisiae. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29284. [PMID: 22216232 PMCID: PMC3244448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular mechanisms leading to aging and therefore increasing susceptibility to age-related diseases are a central topic of research since aging is the ultimate, yet not understood mechanism of the fate of a cell. Studies with model organisms have been conducted to ellucidate these mechanisms, and chronological aging of yeast has been extensively used as a model for oxidative stress and aging of postmitotic tissues in higher eukaryotes. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The chronological aging network of yeast was reconstructed by integrating protein-protein interaction data with gene ontology terms. The reconstructed network was then statistically "tuned" based on the betweenness centrality values of the nodes to compensate for the computer automated method. Both the originally reconstructed and tuned networks were subjected to topological and modular analyses. Finally, an ultimate "heart" network was obtained via pooling the step specific key proteins, which resulted from the decomposition of the linear paths depicting several signaling routes in the tuned network. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The reconstructed networks are of scale-free and hierarchical nature, following a power law model with γ = 1.49. The results of modular and topological analyses verified that the tuning method was successful. The significantly enriched gene ontology terms of the modular analysis confirmed also that the multifactorial nature of chronological aging was captured by the tuned network. The interplay between various signaling pathways such as TOR, Akt/PKB and cAMP/Protein kinase A was summarized in the "heart" network originated from linear path analysis. The deletion of four genes, TCB3, SNA3, PST2 and YGR130C, was found to increase the chronological life span of yeast. The reconstructed networks can also give insight about the effect of other cellular machineries on chronological aging by targeting different signaling pathways in the linear path analysis, along with unraveling of novel proteins playing part in these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Borklu Yucel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Popow-Woźniak A, Woźniakowska A, Kaczmarek L, Malicka-Błaszkiewicz M, Nowak D. Apoptotic effect of imatinib on human colon adenocarcinoma cells: influence on actin cytoskeleton organization and cell migration. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 667:66-73. [PMID: 21658383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Imatinib mesylate (STI571) is the first member of a new class of agents that act by inhibiting specific tyrosine kinases, rather than killing all rapidly dividing cells. This drug is usually used in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. It was recognized to inhibit activity of kinases such as Bcr/Abl, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and c-kit. These proteins play important roles in cell growth, motility, and survival. Therefore, studies on the biological effects of imatinib on different cellular models are very important. Human colon adenocarcinoma LS180 cell line was used in the studies presented. Cells were exposed to 0.1-100 μM imatinib for 24 and 48 h. Dose-dependent decreases in cell viability and morphological changes were observed. Moreover, the apoptotic effect of imatinib (10 μM, 50 μM) after 24 h of exposure was demonstrated as evaluated by translocation of phosphatidylserine to external membrane leaflet and by increased activity of caspase-3. Special attention was focused on imatinib influence on actin cytoskeleton organization and migration ability of LS180 cells. Distinct alterations in actin cytoskeleton architecture occurred in response to drug treatment, accompanied by appearance of filamentous actin aggregates and decrease in actin polymerization state. These changes were correlated with remarkable decrease in cell migration capacity. In summary, our data clearly demonstrate that imatinib induces apoptosis and inhibits human colon adenocarcinoma cell migration. Therefore, this drug may have potential in colon cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Popow-Woźniak
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland.
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Lee ST, Wong PF, Cheah SC, Mustafa MR. Alpha-tomatine induces apoptosis and inhibits nuclear factor-kappa B activation on human prostatic adenocarcinoma PC-3 cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18915. [PMID: 21541327 PMCID: PMC3082542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alpha-tomatine (α-tomatine) is the major saponin in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). This study investigates the chemopreventive potential of α-tomatine on androgen-independent human prostatic adenocarcinoma PC-3 cells. Methodology/Principal Findings Treatment of highly aggressive human prostate cancer PC-3 cells with α-tomatine resulted in a concentration-dependent inhibition of cell growth with a half-maximal efficient concentration (EC50) value of 1.67±0.3 µM. It is also less cytotoxic to normal human liver WRL-68 cells and normal human prostate RWPE-1 cells. Assessment of real-time growth kinetics by cell impedance-based Real-Time Cell Analyzer (RTCA) showed that α-tomatine exhibited its cytotoxic effects against PC-3 cells as early as an hour after treatment. The inhibitory effect of α-tomatine on PC-3 cancer cell growth was mainly due to induction of apoptosis as evidenced by positive Annexin V staining and decreased in mitochondrial membrane potential but increased in nuclear condensation, polarization of F-actin, cell membrane permeability and cytochrome c expressions. Results also showed that α-tomatine induced activation of caspase-3, -8 and -9, suggesting that both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways are involved. Furthermore, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) nuclear translocation was inhibited, which in turn resulted in significant decreased in NF-κB/p50 and NF-κB/p65 in the nuclear fraction of the treated cells compared to the control untreated cells. These results provide further insights into the molecular mechanism of the anti-proliferative actions of α-tomatine. Conclusion/Significance α-tomatine induces apoptosis and inhibits NF-κB activation on prostate cancer cells. These results suggest that α-tomatine may be beneficial for protection against prostate cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui-Ting Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pooi-Fong Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shiau-Chuen Cheah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rais Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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Noh JY, Oh SH, Lee JH, Kwon YS, Ryu DJ, Lee KH. Can blood components with age-related changes influence the ageing of endothelial cells? Exp Dermatol 2010; 19:339-46. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.01010.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Malerba M, Crosti P, Cerana R. Effect of heat stress on actin cytoskeleton and endoplasmic reticulum of tobacco BY-2 cultured cells and its inhibition by Co2+. PROTOPLASMA 2010; 239:23-30. [PMID: 19876713 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-009-0078-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Temperature stress such as heat, cold, or freezing is a principal cause for yield reduction in crops. In particular, heat stress is very common and dangerous for plants since this stress can impact several plant and cellular functions. In spite of their role in sensing local stress and in controlling fundamental processes including PCD, the responses of cellular structures and organelles to heat stress are poorly investigated. In this work, we investigated the possible changes induced by mild heat stress, medium heat stress, and heat shock (HS; 5 min at 35 degrees C, 45 degrees C, or 50 degrees C, respectively) on actin cytoskeleton and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of tobacco BY-2 cultured cells. While mild and medium heat stresses are ineffective, HS induces depolymerization of actin microfilaments and changes in ER morphology accompanied by accumulation of the HSP70 binding protein (BiP). These effects of HS are prevented by the inhibitor of ethylene production Co(2+). While the analyzed cell structures do not seem to be involved in the establishment of mild and medium heat stresses at least in this experimental system, the strong modifications induced by the treatment at 50 degrees C suggest that actin cytoskeleton and ER may be involved in the responses to HS. Besides, the inhibiting effect of Co(2+) suggests a role for ethylene as a regulative molecule in the responses to HS here observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Malerba
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
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Malatesta M, Biggiogera M, Cisterna B, Balietti M, Bertoni-Freddari C, Fattoretti P. Perichromatin fibrils accumulation in hepatocyte nuclei reveals alterations of pre-mRNA processing during aging. DNA Cell Biol 2010; 29:49-57. [PMID: 20025533 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2009.0880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously described an unusual accumulation of perichromatin fibrils (PF)-the in situ form of pre-mRNA transcription and early splicing-in hepatocyte nuclei of old rats. Here we have investigated, by immunoelectron microscopy, the nature of such PF, analyzing the presence of transcription, splicing and cleavage factors, polyadenylated RNA, and the incorporation of bromouridine in adult and old rats. Our observations revealed alterations in amount and/or distribution of pre-mRNA transcription, splicing and cleavage factors, as well as of polyadenylated RNA, together with lower bromouridine incorporation in newly transcribed RNA in the hepatocyte nucleoplasm of old rats. Therefore, our data indicate both a decrease in pre-mRNA transcription and a slow down of PF processing and transport during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Malatesta
- 1 Department of Morphological and Biomedical Sciences, Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Zhang X, Monroe ME, Chen B, Chin MH, Heibeck TH, Schepmoes AA, Yang F, Petritis BO, Camp DG, Pounds JG, Jacobs JM, Smith DJ, Bigelow DJ, Smith RD, Qian WJ. Endogenous 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and dopaquinone modifications on protein tyrosine: links to mitochondrially derived oxidative stress via hydroxyl radical. Mol Cell Proteomics 2010; 9:1199-208. [PMID: 20124354 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m900321-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative modifications of protein tyrosines have been implicated in multiple human diseases. Among these modifications, elevations in levels of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), a major product of hydroxyl radical addition to tyrosine, has been observed in a number of pathologies. Here we report the first proteome survey of endogenous site-specific modifications, i.e. DOPA and its further oxidation product dopaquinone in mouse brain and heart tissues. Results from LC-MS/MS analyses included 50 and 14 DOPA-modified tyrosine sites identified from brain and heart, respectively, whereas only a few nitrotyrosine-containing peptides, a more commonly studied marker of oxidative stress, were detectable, suggesting the much higher abundance for DOPA modification as compared with tyrosine nitration. Moreover, 20 and 12 dopaquinone-modified peptides were observed from brain and heart, respectively; nearly one-fourth of these peptides were also observed with DOPA modification on the same sites. For both tissues, these modifications are preferentially found in mitochondrial proteins with metal binding properties, consistent with metal-catalyzed hydroxyl radical formation from mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. These modifications also link to a number of mitochondrially associated and other signaling pathways. Furthermore, many of the modification sites were common sites of previously reported tyrosine phosphorylation, suggesting potential disruption of signaling pathways. Collectively, the results suggest that these modifications are linked with mitochondrially derived oxidative stress and may serve as sensitive markers for disease pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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