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Bao G, Wang K, Yang L, He J, He B, Xu X, Zheng Y. Feasibility evaluation of a Zn-Cu alloy for intrauterine devices: In vitro and in vivo studies. Acta Biomater 2022; 142:374-387. [PMID: 35108602 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The comprehensively adopted copper-containing intrauterine devices (Cu-IUDs) present typical adverse effects such as bleeding and pain at the initial stage of post-implantation. The replacement of Cu material is demanded. Zinc and its alloys, the emerging biodegradable materials, exhibited contraceptive effects since 1969. In this work, we evaluated the feasibility of bulk Zn alloys as IUD active material. Using pure Cu and pure Zn as control groups, we investigated the contraceptive performance of Zn-0.5Cu and Zn-1Cu alloys via in vitro and in vivo tests. The results showed that the main corrosion product of Zn-Cu alloys is ZnO from both in vitro and in vivo studies. CaZn2(PO4)2·2H2O is formed atop after long-term immersion in simulated uterine fluid, whereas CaCO3 is generally formed atop after implantation in the rat uterine environment. The cytocompatibility of the Zn-1Cu alloy was significantly higher than that of the pure Zn and pure Cu to the human endometrial epithelial cell lines. Furthermore, the in vivo results showed that the Zn-1Cu alloy presented much improved histocompatibility, least damage and the fastest recovery on endometrium structure in comparison to pure Zn, Zn-0.5Cu and pure Cu. The systematic and comparing studies suggest that Zn-1Cu alloy can be considered as a possible candidate for IUD with great biochemical and biocompatible properties as well as high contraceptive effectiveness. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The existing adverse effects with the intrinsic properties of copper materials for copper-containing intrauterine devices (Cu-IUD) are of concerns in their employment. Such as burst release of cupric ions (Cu2+) at the initial stage of the Cu-IUD. Zinc and its alloys which have been emerging as a potential biodegradable material exhibited contraceptive effects since 1969. In this study, Zn-1Cu alloys displayed significantly improved biocompatibility with human uterus cells and a decreased inflammatory response within the uterus. Therefore, high antifertility efficacy of the Zn-1Cu alloy was well maintained, while the adverse effects are significantly eased, suggesting that the Zn-1Cu alloy is promising for IUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Bao
- Department of Reproduction and Physiology, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Reproduction and Physiology, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Department of Reproduction and Physiology, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jialing He
- Department of Reproduction and Physiology, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bin He
- Department of Reproduction and Physiology, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiaoxue Xu
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, No.5 Yi-He-Yuan Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100871, China; International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.
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Wang K, Bao G, Fan Q, Zhu L, Yang L, Liu T, Zhang Z, Li G, Chen X, Xu X, Xu X, He B, Zheng Y. Feasibility evaluation of a Cu-38 Zn alloy for intrauterine devices: In vitro and in vivo studies. Acta Biomater 2022; 138:561-575. [PMID: 34774783 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The existing adverse effects of copper in copper-containing intrauterine devices (Cu-IUDs) have raised concerns regarding their use. These adverse effects include burst release of cupric ions (Cu2+) at the initial stage and an increasingly rough surface of the Cu-IUDs. In this study, we investigated the use of two copper alloys, Cu-38 Zn and H62 as the new upgrading or alternative material for IUDs. Their corrosive properties were studied in simulated uterine fluid (SUF) by using electrochemical methods, with pure Cu as a control. We studied the in vitro long-term corrosion behaviors in SUF, cytotoxicity to uterine cells (human endometrial epithelial cells and human endometrial stromal cells), in vivo biocompatibility and contraceptive efficacy of pure Cu, H62, and Cu-38 Zn. In the first month, the burst release rate of Cu2+ in the Cu-38 Zn group was significantly lower than those in the pure Cu and H62 groups. The in vitro cytocompatibility Cu-38 Zn was better than that of pure Cu and H62. Moreover, Cu-38 Zn showed improved tissue biocompatibility in vivo experiments. Therefore, the contraceptive efficacy of the Cu-38 Zn is still maintained as high as the pure Cu while the adverse effects are significantly eased, suggesting that Cu-38 Zn can be a suitable potential candidate material for IUDs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The existing adverse effects associated with the intrinsic properties of copper materials for copper-containing intrauterine devices (Cu-IUD) are of concern in their employment. Such as, burst release of cupric ions (Cu2+) at the initial stage and an increasingly rough surface of the Cu-IUD. In this work, Cu alloyed with a high amount of bioactive Zn was used for a Cu-IUD. The Cu-38 Zn alloy exhibited reduced burst release of Cu2+ within the first month compared with the pure Cu and H62. Furthermore, the Cu-38 Zn alloy displayed significantly improved biocompatibility and a much smoother surface. Therefore, high antifertility efficacy of the Cu-38 Zn alloy was well maintained, while the adverse effects are significantly eased, suggesting that the Cu-38 Zn alloy is promising for a Cu-IUD.
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Hu S, Yang J, Rao M, Wang Y, Zhou F, Cheng G, Xia W, Zhu C. Copper nanoparticle-induced uterine injury in female rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:252-261. [PMID: 30556269 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) have been used increasingly in various products and applications. Although recent studies have reported that exposure to Cu-NPs leads to organ accumulation and obvious toxicity, it remains unclear whether Cu-NPs can be translocated to and cause damage in the uterus. In this study, we investigated the potential for uterine injury and gene expression patterns in female rats exposed to 3.12, 6.25, or 12.5 mg/kg/d Cu-NPs via intraperitoneal injection for 14 consecutive days. The results indicated that exposure to Cu-NPs led to significant decreases in the relative uterine weight coefficients and increases in inflammatory cell infiltration, mitochondrial swelling and vacuolization, shortened and reduced endometrial epithelial cell microvilli, and apoptosis. Furthermore, exposure to Cu-NPs increased malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Signal transduction mechanism studies indicated that exposure to Cu-NPs activated caspases 3, 8, and 9 and BH3 interacting domain death agonist (tBid), reduced B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression, and increased the expression of apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1 (Apaf-1), BCL2-associated X, apoptosis regulator (Bax), and cytochrome c. A microarray analysis revealed significant alterations in the expression of 963 genes; of these, 622 were upregulated and 341 were downregulated. The results of further evaluations of some altered genes, including matrix metallopeptidase 12 (Mmp12), using quantitative RT-PCR agreed with the microarray findings. These results provide strong evidence that Cu-NPs can trigger both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways to mediate uterine injury, resulting in oxidative stress-related changes in gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifu Hu
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Meng Rao
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guiping Cheng
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Changhong Zhu
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Hu LX, Hu SF, Rao M, Yang J, Lei H, Duan Z, Xia W, Zhu C. Studies of acute and subchronic systemic toxicity associated with a copper/low-density polyethylene nanocomposite intrauterine device. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:4913-4926. [PMID: 30214197 PMCID: PMC6124463 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s169114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The physiologic safety of devices and materials intended for clinical implantation should be evaluated. This study, a logical extension of our previous work, aimed to investigate the safety of a novel contraceptive device, the copper/low-density polyethylene nanocomposite intrauterine device (nano-Cu/LDPE IUD), through studies of its potential toxicity after acute and subchronic administration in mice and rats. Methods For the acute toxicity study, single 50 mL/kg doses of nano-Cu/LDPE IUD extracts were administered to mice via intravenous or intraperitoneal injection. General behavioral adverse effects, mortality, and body weights were evaluated for up to 72 hours. In the 13-week subchronic toxicity study, the nano-Cu/LDPE composite with 10-fold higher than the standard clinical dose was implanted subcutaneously into the dorsal skin of Wistar rats. The control group underwent a sham procedure without material insertion. Results During all acute study observation times, the biologic reactions of the mice in the nano-Cu/LDPE group did not differ from those observed in the control group. The groups did not differ statistically in terms of body weight gain, and no macroscopic changes were observed in any organs. In the subchronic study, no clinical signs of toxicity or mortality were observed in either the nano-Cu/LDPE or control group during the 13-week period. The nano-Cu/LDPE composite did not cause any alterations in body weight, food consumption, hematologic and biochemical parameters, or organ weight relative to the control for any observed sample group. Histopathologic examinations of the organs revealed normal architecture, indicating that the inserted material did not cause morphologic disturbances in the rats. Conclusion Overall, the results indicate that the nano-Cu/LDPE IUD did not induce systemic toxicity under experimental conditions of the recommended standard practices, suggesting that the novel material IUD is safe and feasible for future contraceptive applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xia Hu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Preclinical Medicine College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Fu Hu
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Meng Rao
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China, ; .,Department of Reproduction and Genetics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China, ; .,Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Lei
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China, ; .,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Taikang Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Duan
- Dayu Medical Devices Co., Ltd., Jingzhou, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China, ; .,Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Changhong Zhu
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China, ; .,Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China, ;
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Hu S, Wang Y, Ke D, Zhou F, Cheng G, Liu H, Xia W, Zhu C. Effect of a novel copper-containing intrauterine device material on the endometrial environment in rabbits. Contraception 2018; 98:323-327. [PMID: 29935149 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S) This study aimed to determine whether intrauterine placement of a novel composite material [copper (Cu) microparticles, low-density polyethylene, and methyl vinyl silicone rubber (Cu/LDPE/MVQ)] could prevent pregnancy in rabbits, and to evaluate the effects of Cu/LDPE/MVQ on the endometrial environment. STUDY DESIGN Eighty sexually mature female rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (n=20 each group): control (sham-operated), LDPE/MVQ, Cu/LDPE/MVQ microcomposite, and bare Cu. Ten rabbits from each implant-bearing group were randomly selected for a mating experiment beginning 30 days after insertion. Pregnancy outcomes were observed 15 days after mating. Factors associated with endometrial bleeding and inflammation in the remaining rabbits in each group, and the surface conditions of the implants, were investigated 90 days post-insertion. RESULTS The Cu (0 embryo) and Cu/LDPE/MVQ (0 embryo) groups had significantly fewer embryos than the LDPE/MVQ (1.0±0.6 embryos, p<.05) and sham-operated groups (4.1±1.3 embryos, p<.05). Compared with bare Cu, the Cu/LDPE/MVQ composite material was associated with considerable reductions in injuries and factors associated with abnormal endometrial bleeding and inflammation, such as matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Additionally, the surface of implanted Cu/LDPE/MVQ remained much smoother than that of implanted bare Cu. CONCLUSION(S) This novel Cu-containing intrauterine device material exhibits a similar effect in prevention of pregnancy with bare copper, and lower levels of inflammatory markers. IMPLICATIONS This study demonstrates the potential of the novel Cu/LDPE/MVQ microcomposite material as a future substitute for conventional intrauterine device materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifu Hu
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Dandan Ke
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Guiping Cheng
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Heyu Liu
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Changhong Zhu
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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Yang J, Hu S, Rao M, Hu L, Lei H, Wu Y, Wang Y, Ke D, Xia W, Zhu CH. Copper nanoparticle-induced ovarian injury, follicular atresia, apoptosis, and gene expression alterations in female rats. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:5959-5971. [PMID: 28860760 PMCID: PMC5571856 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s139215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported the accumulation of copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) in organs and the corresponding damage, although whether Cu NPs can be translocated to the ovaries and their ovarian toxicity are still unknown. In this study, three groups of female rats were injected with 3.12, 6.25, or 12.5 mg/kg Cu NPs for 14 consecutive days. The pathological changes, hormone levels, apoptosis and apoptotic proteins, oxidative stress, and gene expression characteristics in the ovaries were then investigated. The results demonstrated that the Cu NPs exhibited obvious accumulation in the rat ovaries, leading to ovarian injury, an imbalance of sex hormones, and ovarian cell apoptosis. Cu NP exposure activated caspase 3, caspase 8, caspase 9, and tBid, decreased the protein levels of Bcl-2, increased the expression levels of the proteins Bax and cytochrome c, and promoted malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and superoxide dismutase (SOD) reduction. Furthermore, gene microarray analysis showed that Cu NPs (12.5 mg/kg/d) caused 321 differentially expressed genes. Of these, 180 and 141 genes were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. Hsd17b1, Hsd3b1, Hsd3b6, and Hsd3b were involved in steroid and hormone metabolism, whereas Mt3 and Cebpb were associated with apoptosis. Overall, these findings provide strong evidence that Cu NPs trigger both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways and regulate key ovarian genes in oxidative stress-mediated ovarian dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei
| | - Shifu Hu
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei
| | - Meng Rao
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei
| | - Lixia Hu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Preclinical Medicine College, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, Xinxiang
| | - Hui Lei
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei
| | - Yingying Wang
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei
| | - Dandan Ke
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei
| | - Wei Xia
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei.,Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Hong Zhu
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei.,Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Prabhawathi V, Thirunavukarasu K, Doble M. A study on the long term effect of biofilm produced by biosurfactant producing microbe on medical implant. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 40:212-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cao X, Zhang H, Chen M, Wang L. Preparation, characterization, and properties of modified barium sulfate nanoparticles/polyethylene nanocomposites as T-shaped copper intrauterine devices. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiang Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tianjin University of Technology; Tianjin 300384 China
| | - Han Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tianjin University of Technology; Tianjin 300384 China
| | - Minfang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tianjin University of Technology; Tianjin 300384 China
- Key Laboratory of Display Materials & Photoelectric Devices (Tianjin University of Technology); Ministry of Education; Tianjin 300384 China
| | - Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Display Materials & Photoelectric Devices (Tianjin University of Technology); Ministry of Education; Tianjin 300384 China
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Hu LX, Wang H, Rao M, Zhao XL, Yang J, Hu SF, He J, Xia W, Liu H, Zhen B, Di H, Xie C, Xia X, Zhu C. Alterations in the endometrium of rats, rabbits, and Macaca mulatta that received an implantation of copper/low-density polyethylene nanocomposite. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:1127-38. [PMID: 24596465 PMCID: PMC3940689 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s56756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A copper/low-density polyethylene nanocomposite (nano-Cu/LDPE), a potential intrauterine device component material, has been developed from our research. A logical extension of our previous work, this study was conducted to investigate the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), substance P (SP), and substance P receptor (SP-R) in the endometrium of Sprague Dawley rats, New Zealand White rabbits, and Macaca mulatta implanted with nano-Cu/LDPE composite. The influence of the nano-Cu/LDPE composite on the morphology of the endometrium was also investigated. Animals were randomly divided into five groups: the sham-operated control group (SO group), bulk copper group (Cu group), LDPE group, and nano-Cu/LDPE groups I and II. An expression of PAI-1, SP, and SP-R in the endometrial tissues was examined by immunohistochemistry at day 30, 60, 90, and 180 postimplantation. The significant difference for PAI-1, SP, and SP-R between the nano-Cu/LDPE groups and the SO group (P<0.05) was identified when the observation period was terminated, and the changes of nano-Cu/LDPE on these parameters were less remarkable than those of the Cu group (P<0.05). The damage to the endometrial morphology caused by the nano-Cu/LDPE composite was much less than that caused by bulk copper. The nano-Cu/LDPE composite might be a potential substitute for conventional materials for intrauterine devices in the future because of its decreased adverse effects on the endometrial microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xia Hu
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Rao
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zhao
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-Fu Hu
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing He
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hefang Liu
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhen
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haihong Di
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changsheng Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianping Xia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changhong Zhu
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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Hu LX, He J, Hou L, Wang H, Li J, Xie C, Duan Z, Sun LK, Wang X, Zhu C. Biological evaluation of the copper/low-density polyethylene nanocomposite intrauterine device. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74128. [PMID: 24058521 PMCID: PMC3776804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Devices and materials intended for clinical applications as medical and implant devices should be evaluated to determine their biocompatibility in physiological systems. This article presents results from cytotoxicity assay of L929 mouse fibroblasts culture, tests for skin irritation, intracutaneous reactivity and sensitization, and material implantation tests for the novel copper/low-density polyethylene nanocomposite intrauterine device (nano-Cu/LDPE IUD) with potential for future clinical utilization. Cytotoxicity test in vitro was conducted to evaluate the change in morphology, growth and proliferation of cultured L929 mouse fibroblasts, which in vivo examination for skin irritation (n = 6) and intracutaneous reactivity (n = 6) were carried out to explore the irritant behavior in New Zealand White rabbits. Skin sensitization was implemented to evaluate the potential skin sensitizing in Hartley guinea pigs (n = 35). The materials were implanted into the spinal muscle of rabbits (n = 9). The cytotoxicity grade of the nano-Cu/LDPE IUD was 0-1, suggested that the composite was nontoxic or mildly cytotoxic; no irritation reaction and skin sensitization were identified in any animals of specific extracts prepared from the material under test; similarly to the control sides, the inflammatory reaction was observed in the rabbits living tissue of the implanted material in intramuscular implantation assay. They indicated that the novel composite intrauterine device presented potential for this type of application because they meet the requirements of the standard practices recommended for evaluating the biological reactivity. The nano-Cu/LDPE IUD has good biocompatibility, which is biologically safe for the clinical research as a novel contraceptive device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xia Hu
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing He
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Li Hou
- Shandong Quality Inspection Center for Medical Devices; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Wuchang District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Changsheng Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Duan
- Dayu Medical Devices Co., Ltd., Jingzhou, P.R. China
| | - Li-Kui Sun
- Shandong Quality Inspection Center for Medical Devices; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Shandong Quality Inspection Center for Medical Devices; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Changhong Zhu
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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Chitosan/alginate multilayer film for controlled release of IDM on Cu/LDPE composite intrauterine devices. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 109:82-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Xiao L, Xia X, Xie C, Ge M, Xiao C, Cai S. Preparation and cupric ion release behavior of Cu/LDPE porous composites with tunable pore morphology for intrauterine devices. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:2800-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Zhang W, Xia X, Qi C, Xie C, Cai S. A porous Cu/LDPE composite for copper-containing intrauterine contraceptive devices. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:897-903. [PMID: 21982847 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 08/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
To improve the rates of both cupric ion release and the utilization of copper in non-porous copper/low-density polyethylene (Cu/LDPE) composite, a porous Cu/LDPE composite is proposed and developed in the present work. Here 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone was chosen as the porogen, ethyl acetate was chosen as the solvent for extraction, and the porous Cu/LDPE composite was obtained by using injection molding and the particulate leaching method. After any residual ethyl acetate remaining inside the porous Cu/LDPE composite had been removed by vacuum drying, the composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and absorption measurement. For comparison, a non-porous Cu/LDPE composite was also characterized in the same way. The results show that the porous structure was successfully introduced into the polymeric base of the non-porous Cu/LDPE composite, and the porous Cu/LDPE composite is a simple hybrid of copper particles and porous LDPE. The results also show that the introduction of a porous structure can improve the cupric ion release rate of the non-porous Cu/LDPE composite with a certain content of copper particles, indicating that the utilization rate of copper can be improved either the introduction of a porous structure, and that the porous Cu/LDPE composite is another promising material for copper-containing intrauterine devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
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14
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Xia X, Tang Y, Xie C, Wang Y, Cai S, Zhu C. An approach to give prospective life-span of the copper/low-density-polyethylene nanocomposite intrauterine device. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2011; 22:1773-1781. [PMID: 21604052 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-011-4347-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
As a novel copper-containing intrauterine device (IUD), the prospective life-span of the copper/low-density-polyethylene (Cu/LDPE) nanocomposite IUD is very important for the future clinical use and should be given in advance. Here a novel approach, cupric ions accelerated release in diluted nitric acid solution and cupric ions concentration release in various volume of simulated uterine solution (SUS), is reported to verify the type of cupric ions release model of the cylindrical matrix-type nanocomposite IUD, and to obtain the minimal cupric ions release rate that need to ensure contraceptive efficacy and the thickness of copper particles exhausted layer of the cylindrical matrix-type nanocomposite IUD within two difficult immersion durations in experimental volume of SUS, respectively. Using these results, the prospective life-span of the cylindrical matrix-type nanocomposite IUD can be obtained. For instance, the prospective life-span of the novel γ-shape nanocomposite IUD with 25 wt% of copper nanoparticles and 2 mm of diameter and a total weight of 285 mg can be given in advance and it is about 5 years in the future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Tang Y, Xia X, Wang Y, Xie C. Study on the mechanical properties of Cu/LDPE composite IUDs. Contraception 2010; 83:255-62. [PMID: 21310288 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2010.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2009] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The copper/low-density polyethylene composite (Cu/LDPE composite) intrauterine devices (IUDs), which can eliminate or lessen the side effects of existing IUDs, have been developed in our laboratory. As a novel type of copper-containing IUDs, it is not clear whether the mechanical properties of the Cu/LDPE composite IUDs can meet the need of clinical use or not. Therefore, the mechanical properties of the Cu/LDPE composite IUDs have been studied in the present article. STUDY DESIGN The influence of copper particle content and size on the mechanical properties of the Cu/LDPE composite IUDs was analyzed firstly to provide guidance for the material composition design of the Cu/LDPE composite IUDs, and then the BaSO(4)/LDPE composite, which has been applied as a framework of the existing copper-containing IUDs in clinical use for decades, has been used as reference to judge whether the mechanical properties of the Cu/LDPE composite IUDs can meet the need of clinical use or not. However, the mechanical properties of IUDs cannot be characterized directly. Therefore, the mechanical properties of both the Cu/LDPE composite IUDs and the framework of the existing copper-containing IUDs were investigated by means of tensile test using standard tensile samples, and the fracture surface morphology of the tensile samples was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS Both the elongation at break and the tensile strength decrease with increasing of copper particle content and increase with increasing of the copper particle size, while the elastic modulus shows an opposite tendency. The tensile strength and elastic modulus of both the Cu/LDPE microcomposite IUDs and the Cu/LDPE nanocomposite IUDs with 25 wt.% of copper particles are higher than those of existing copper-containing IUDs (TCu220C; its framework is made of the BaSO(4)/LDPE composite with 20 wt.% of BaSO(4)). CONCLUSIONS The content and size of the copper particles have significant effect on the mechanical properties of Cu/LDPE composite IUDs. The mechanical properties of both the Cu/LDPE microcomposite IUDs and the Cu/LDPE nanocomposite IUDs with 25 wt.% of copper particles were superior to that of existing copper-containing IUDs, indicating that the novel Cu/LDPE composite IUDs can satisfy the requirement of mechanical properties in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
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Yang Z, Xie C, Xiang H, Feng J, Xia X, Cai S. IDM release behavior and surface characteristics of the novel Cu/IDM/LDPE nanocomposite for intrauterine device. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2009; 69:276-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2008.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2008] [Revised: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Will ethylene oxide sterilization influence the application of novel Cu/LDPE nanocomposite intrauterine devices? Contraception 2009; 79:65-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2008.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Revised: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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