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Guo M, Cao X, Ji D, Xiong H, Zhang T, Wu Y, Suo L, Pan M, Brugger D, Chen Y, Zhang K, Ma B. Gut Microbiota and Acylcarnitine Metabolites Connect the Beneficial Association between Estrogen and Lipid Metabolism Disorders in Ovariectomized Mice. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0014923. [PMID: 37140372 PMCID: PMC10269676 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00149-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreased estrogen level is one of the main causes of lipid metabolism disorders and coronary heart disease in women after menopause. Exogenous estradiol benzoate is effective to some extent in alleviating lipid metabolism disorders caused by estrogen deficiency. However, the role of gut microbes in the regulation process is not yet appreciated. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of estradiol benzoate supplementation on lipid metabolism, gut microbiota, and metabolites in ovariectomized (OVX) mice and to reveal the importance of gut microbes and metabolites in the regulation of lipid metabolism disorders. This study found that high doses of estradiol benzoate supplementation effectively attenuated fat accumulation in OVX mice. There was a significant increase in the expression of genes enriched in hepatic cholesterol metabolism and a concomitant decrease in the expression of genes enriched in unsaturated fatty acid metabolism pathways. Further screening of the gut for characteristic metabolites associated with improved lipid metabolism revealed that estradiol benzoate supplementation influenced major subsets of acylcarnitine metabolites. Ovariectomy significantly increased the abundance of characteristic microbes that are significantly negatively associated with acylcarnitine synthesis, such as Lactobacillus and Eubacterium ruminantium group bacteria, while estradiol benzoate supplementation significantly increased the abundance of characteristic microbes that are significantly positively associated with acylcarnitine synthesis, such as Ileibacterium and Bifidobacterium spp. The use of pseudosterile mice with gut microbial deficiency greatly facilitated the synthesis of acylcarnitine due to estradiol benzoate supplementation and also alleviated lipid metabolism disorders to a greater extent in OVX mice. IMPORTANCE Our findings establish a role for gut microbes in the progression of estrogen deficiency-induced lipid metabolism disorders and reveal key target bacteria that may have the potential to regulate acylcarnitine synthesis. These findings suggest a possible route for the use of microbes or acylcarnitine to regulate disorders of lipid metabolism induced by estrogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - De Ji
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Hui Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yujiang Wu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Langda Suo
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Menghao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Daniel Brugger
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yulin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Baohua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Lee SR, Cho MK, Cho YJ, Chun S, Hong SH, Hwang KR, Jeon GH, Joo JK, Kim SK, Lee DO, Lee DY, Lee ES, Song JY, Yi KW, Yun BH, Shin JH, Chae HD, Kim T. The 2020 Menopausal Hormone Therapy Guidelines. J Menopausal Med 2020; 26:69-98. [PMID: 32893509 PMCID: PMC7475284 DOI: 10.6118/jmm.20000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sa Ra Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon Kyoung Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yeon Jean Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dong-A University Medical Center, Busan, Korea
| | - Sungwook Chun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Seung Hwa Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Kyu Ri Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyun Ho Jeon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Jong Kil Joo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Seul Ki Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dong Ock Lee
- Center for Gynecologic Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Dong Yun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Sil Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Yen Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyong Wook Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Hyon Yun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Ho Shin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Dong Chae
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Tak Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Deng Y, Xue W, Wang Y, Zhu S, Ma X, Sun A. Effects of different menopausal hormone replacement regimens on body composition in Chinese women. Climacteric 2018; 21:607-612. [PMID: 30380948 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2018.1523387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different menopausal hormone therapy regimens on body composition in healthy postmenopausal Chinese women. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and twenty-three healthy postmenopausal Chinese women were randomly assigned to either group A (0.625 mg conjugated equine estrogens [CEE] plus 100 mg micronized progesterone [MP]), group B (0.3 mg CEE plus 100 mg MP), or group C (0.625 mg CEE plus 10 mg dydrogesterone). Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS One hundred and two women completed the trial at 1 year. A small but significant gain in lean body mass (619 ± 1019 g, p = 0.002) and a decrease of fat mass in all separate regions was observed in group A. A significant shift from gynoid to android fat distribution was observed in group B and group C (android/gynoid fat percentage ratios increased by 0.06 ± 0.08, p = 0.000 and 0.03 ± 0.08, p = 0.018, respectively), whereas no significant change was observed in group A (0.02 ± 0.06, p = 0.103). CONCLUSIONS In healthy postmenopausal Chinese women, 0.625 mg of CEE combined with 100 mg of MP was associated with a more favorable fat distribution compared with 0.3 mg CEE plus 100 mg MP or 0.625 mg CEE plus 10 mg dydrogesterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Deng
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - W Xue
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Y Wang
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - S Zhu
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - X Ma
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - A Sun
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
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Marchand GB, Carreau AM, Weisnagel SJ, Bergeron J, Labrie F, Lemieux S, Tchernof A. Increased body fat mass explains the positive association between circulating estradiol and insulin resistance in postmenopausal women. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 314:E448-E456. [PMID: 29208612 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00293.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between circulating estrogen levels and cardiometabolic risk factors such as insulin resistance is unclear in postmenopausal women. High estradiol (E2) levels have been reported to predict increased risk of type 2 diabetes in this population. We aimed to examine associations among estrogen levels, adiposity measurements, and cardiometabolic risk variables including insulin resistance in postmenopausal women. One hundred-one healthy participants (mean ± SD: age 57 ± 4 yr, BMI 27.9 ± 4.8 kg/m2) were included in the analysis. Fifteen plasma steroids or metabolites were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Insulin sensitivity was assessed with a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Body composition and fat distribution were determined with hydrostatic weighing and computed tomography, respectively. Blood lipids and circulating cytokines were also measured. Circulating E2 was positively correlated with all adiposity indexes ( r = 0.62 to 0.42, P < 0.0001) except waist-to-hip ratio. E2 was positively correlated with VLDL-cholesterol, plasma-, VLDL-, and HDL-triglyceride levels ( r = 0.31 to 0.24, P < 0.02) as well as with hs-CRP and IL-6 ( r = 0.52 and 0.29, P < 0.005) and negatively with HDL-cholesterol, adiponectin, and insulin sensitivity ( r = -0.36 to -0.20, P < 0.02). With adjustments for percent body fat, correlations between E2 and metabolic risk variables were no longer significant. Similar results were observed for circulating estrone (E1) and estrone-sulfate (E1-S) levels. In conclusion, circulating estrogen concentrations are proportional to adipose mass in postmenopausal women, although they remain in the low range. Insulin resistance as well as altered blood lipids and cytokines are observed when circulating estrogen levels are high within that range, but these differences are explained by concomitant variation in total adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève B Marchand
- School of Nutrition, Laval University , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Carreau
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke , Canada
| | - S John Weisnagel
- CHU de Quebec-Université Laval Research Center , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada
| | - Jean Bergeron
- CHU de Quebec-Université Laval Research Center , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada
| | | | - Simone Lemieux
- School of Nutrition, Laval University , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada
| | - André Tchernof
- School of Nutrition, Laval University , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada
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de Souza Santos R, Feijó da Silva Santos A, Clegg DJ, Iannetta O, Marchini JS, Marques Miguel Suen V. Overweight postmenopausal women with different plasma estradiol concentrations present with a similar pattern of energy expenditure and substrate oxidation rate before and after a fatty meal challenge. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2017; 15:21-27. [PMID: 28531779 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Menopause-related withdrawal of ovarian estrogens is associated with reduced energy metabolism and overall impairment of substrate oxidation. Estradiol's withdrawal after menopause is associated with a reduction in energy metabolism and impaired substrate oxidation, which contributes to weight gain and visceral fat accumulation. Here we aimed to investigate the association between plasma estradiol concentrations and energy expenditure (EE)/substrate oxidation in a group of overweight postmenopausal women before and after a fatty meal challenge. Women were divided into three groups according to their plasma estradiol concentrations (E2): group 1 - E2 ≤ 39, group 2 - 40 ≤ E2 ≤ 59, and group 3 - E2 ≥ 60 pg/mL. VO2 and VCO2 volumes were collected following indirect calorimetry 5 h following a single lipid overload meal (1100 kcal, 72% of fat). For comparisons between groups and within the same group, a linear regression model with mixed effects was applied (P < 0.05). Forty-four women aged 55 ± 0.7 years-old, 8 ± 1.1 years following menopause, with a BMI of 30.5 ± 0.5 kg/m2, and 41.9 ± 0.7% of body fat were enrolled the study. Plasma E2 concentrations were: group 1 - 30.4 ± 1.9, group 2 - 46.9 ± 1.5, and group 3 - 91.3 ± 12.0 pg/mL (P < 0.0001). EE at baseline and in the resting state was 1320 ± 24.3 kcal/d, and increased to 1440 ± 27.0 kcal/d 30 min following ingestion of the fatty meal (P < 0.0001), and rose again to an average of 1475 ± 30.3 kcal/d at the completion of experiment (P < 0.0001). Carbohydrate oxidation (Chox) was 0.155 ± 0.01 g/min at resting, maintained as 0.133 ± 0.00 g/min 30 min after ingestion of the fatty meal, and was 0.123 ± 0.01 g/min at the end of the testing period. Lipid oxidation (Lipox) was 0.041 ± 0.003 g/min at resting, increasing to 0.054 ± 0.003 g/min at 30 min (P = 0.01), and reaching 0.063 ± 0.003 g/min at the end of the experiment (P < 0.0001). There was no difference between groups for EE, Chox or Lipox. Our data suggest that EE and substrate oxidation were modulated following a lipid-meal challenge equally in all groups and this did not differ with plasma E2 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta de Souza Santos
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP/USP), Brazil
| | | | - Deborah J Clegg
- Biomedical Research Department, Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Beverly Hills, CA, USA
| | - Odilon Iannetta
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP/USP), Brazil
| | - Julio Sérgio Marchini
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP/USP), Brazil
| | - Vivian Marques Miguel Suen
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP/USP), Brazil
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Han NR, Park CL, Kim NR, Kim HY, Yoou MS, Nam SY, Moon PD, Jeong HJ, Kim HM. Protective effect of porcine placenta in a menopausal ovariectomized mouse. Reproduction 2015; 150:173-81. [PMID: 26047835 DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Menopause is a significant physiological phase that occurs as women's ovaries stop producing ovum and the production of estrogen declines. Human placenta and some amino acids are known to improve menopausal symptoms. In this study, we investigated that porcine placenta extract (PPE) and arginine (Arg), a main amino acid of PPE, would have estrogenic activities in ovariectomized (OVX) mice as a menopause mouse model, human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) cells, and human osteoblast cell line (MG-63) cells. PPE or Arg significantly inhibited the body weight and increased the vagina weight compared to the OVX mice. PPE or Arg ameliorated the vaginal atrophy in the OVX mice. The levels of 17β-estradiol and the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly increased by PPE or Arg in the serum of OVX mice. Trabecular bone parameters such as bone mineral density and porosity were also improved by PPE or Arg in the OVX mice. In the MCF-7 and MG-63 cells, PPE or Arg significantly increased the cell proliferation, estrogen receptor β mRNA expression, and estrogen-response elements luciferase activity. Finally, PPE or Arg increased the activations of ALP and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in the MG-63 cells. These results indicate that PPE or Arg would have estrogenic and osteoblastic activity. Therefore, PPE or Arg may be useful as new pharmacological tools for treating menopausal symptoms including osteoporosis. Free Korean abstract: A Korean translation of this abstract is freely available at http://www.reproduction-online.org/content/150/3/173/suppl/DC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Ra Han
- Department of PharmacologyCollege of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food TechnologyInflammatory Disease Research Center, Hoseo University, 20, Hoseo-ro 79beon-gil, Baebang-eup, Asan, Chungcheongnam-do 336-795, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Lee Park
- Department of PharmacologyCollege of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food TechnologyInflammatory Disease Research Center, Hoseo University, 20, Hoseo-ro 79beon-gil, Baebang-eup, Asan, Chungcheongnam-do 336-795, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Rae Kim
- Department of PharmacologyCollege of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food TechnologyInflammatory Disease Research Center, Hoseo University, 20, Hoseo-ro 79beon-gil, Baebang-eup, Asan, Chungcheongnam-do 336-795, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Yun Kim
- Department of PharmacologyCollege of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food TechnologyInflammatory Disease Research Center, Hoseo University, 20, Hoseo-ro 79beon-gil, Baebang-eup, Asan, Chungcheongnam-do 336-795, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Schook Yoou
- Department of PharmacologyCollege of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food TechnologyInflammatory Disease Research Center, Hoseo University, 20, Hoseo-ro 79beon-gil, Baebang-eup, Asan, Chungcheongnam-do 336-795, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Nam
- Department of PharmacologyCollege of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food TechnologyInflammatory Disease Research Center, Hoseo University, 20, Hoseo-ro 79beon-gil, Baebang-eup, Asan, Chungcheongnam-do 336-795, Republic of Korea
| | - Phil-Dong Moon
- Department of PharmacologyCollege of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food TechnologyInflammatory Disease Research Center, Hoseo University, 20, Hoseo-ro 79beon-gil, Baebang-eup, Asan, Chungcheongnam-do 336-795, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ja Jeong
- Department of PharmacologyCollege of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food TechnologyInflammatory Disease Research Center, Hoseo University, 20, Hoseo-ro 79beon-gil, Baebang-eup, Asan, Chungcheongnam-do 336-795, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Kim
- Department of PharmacologyCollege of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food TechnologyInflammatory Disease Research Center, Hoseo University, 20, Hoseo-ro 79beon-gil, Baebang-eup, Asan, Chungcheongnam-do 336-795, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leptin, a hormone secreted by adipocytes, plays a crucial role in regulating energy balance. Estrogen, like leptin, reduces food intake and adiposity while increasing energy expenditure in animals and humans of both sexes through its actions on the central nervous system. We reviewed the literature for studies of the effects of exogenously administered estrogen on serum leptin concentrations and adiposity in women. METHODS Using PubMed/Medline, we searched for studies of hormone therapy that enrolled healthy postmenopausal women. Studies were further evaluated to determine if leptin and adiposity were monitored both at baseline and throughout a treatment period of at least 2 months. RESULTS Twenty articles met inclusion criteria. We found no consistent effects of exogenous estrogen on serum leptin concentrations, adiposity, or weight gain. CONCLUSIONS Despite suggestive data from animal studies, the current literature does not provide compelling evidence that estrogen therapy attenuates weight gain, alters circulating leptin levels, or improves leptin action in postmenopausal women.
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Jarrete AP, Novais IP, Nunes HA, Puga GM, Delbin MA, Zanesco A. Influence of aerobic exercise training on cardiovascular and endocrine-inflammatory biomarkers in hypertensive postmenopausal women. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL ENDOCRINOLOGY 2014; 1:108-114. [PMID: 29159091 PMCID: PMC5685011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Given that few studies have examined the interaction between endocrine-inflammatory mediators and aerobic exercise training in hypertensive postmenopausal women, the aim of this study was to investigate whether aerobic exercise training (AET) for twenty-four sessions would alter cortisol, leptin and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels. To further analyze endothelium function in response to AET, we also examined redox state as well as NO/cGMP pathway in this population. Eighteen hypertensive postmenopausal women finished this study. AET program consisted of 24 sessions in treadmill, 3 times per week, duration of 30 up to 40 min for each session, for 8 weeks at intensity of 100% of the MLSS according to previous incremental test. Heart rate was monitored in all studied time (resting and during exercise sessions). After 48 h of the last exercise session, blood samples were collected for biochemical analyses (levels of cortisol, leptin, IL-1β, nitrite/nitrate (NOx−), cGMP, malondialdehyde (MDA) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA); superoxide and catalase activity). We also measured systolic and diastolic blood pressure. A significant reduction in body mass was observed. As expected, systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were significantly reduced after AET in hypertensive women. We also found a marked increase in NOx− levels as well as cGMP concentration in trained women, approximately 37.7 and 30.8%, respectively. No changes in cortisol, leptin, ADMA and IL-1β levels were observed after AET. Similarly, MDA levels and catalase activity were not affected by AET. In contrast, a marked increase in SOD activity was found (86.6%). In conclusion, our findings show that aerobic exercise training for twenty-four sessions promoted a significant reduction in blood pressure by activating NO/cGMP pathway as well as by promoting an up-regulation of SOD activity without changing in cortisol/leptin levels in postmenopausal hypertensive women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline P Jarrete
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Exercise Science, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Av, 24 A, 1515, Rio Claro, SP CEP: 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Iane P Novais
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Exercise Science, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Av, 24 A, 1515, Rio Claro, SP CEP: 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Hygor A Nunes
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Exercise Science, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Av, 24 A, 1515, Rio Claro, SP CEP: 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M Puga
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Exercise Science, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Av, 24 A, 1515, Rio Claro, SP CEP: 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Maria A Delbin
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Angelina Zanesco
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Exercise Science, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Av, 24 A, 1515, Rio Claro, SP CEP: 13506-900, Brazil
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9
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Rettberg JR, Yao J, Brinton RD. Estrogen: a master regulator of bioenergetic systems in the brain and body. Front Neuroendocrinol 2014; 35:8-30. [PMID: 23994581 PMCID: PMC4024050 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen is a fundamental regulator of the metabolic system of the female brain and body. Within the brain, estrogen regulates glucose transport, aerobic glycolysis, and mitochondrial function to generate ATP. In the body, estrogen protects against adiposity, insulin resistance, and type II diabetes, and regulates energy intake and expenditure. During menopause, decline in circulating estrogen is coincident with decline in brain bioenergetics and shift towards a metabolically compromised phenotype. Compensatory bioenergetic adaptations, or lack thereof, to estrogen loss could determine risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Estrogen coordinates brain and body metabolism, such that peripheral metabolic state can indicate bioenergetic status of the brain. By generating biomarker profiles that encompass peripheral metabolic changes occurring with menopause, individual risk profiles for decreased brain bioenergetics and cognitive decline can be created. Biomarker profiles could identify women at risk while also serving as indicators of efficacy of hormone therapy or other preventative interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamaica R Rettberg
- Neuroscience Department, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Jia Yao
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Roberta Diaz Brinton
- Neuroscience Department, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States; Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States.
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Gilglioni EH, Campos LB, Oliveira MC, Garcia RF, Ambiel CR, Buzzo AJDR, Ishii-Iwamoto EL, Salgueiro-Pagadigorria CL. Beneficial Effects of Tibolone on Blood Pressure and Liver Redox Status in Ovariectomized Rats With Renovascular Hypertension. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2012; 68:510-20. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gls210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Kraemer RR, Francois M, Castracane VD. Estrogen mediation of hormone responses to exercise. Metabolism 2012; 61:1337-46. [PMID: 22512823 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The roles of estrogens extend from the regulation of reproduction to other functions involved in control of metabolism, fluid balance, as well as gastrointestinal, lung, and brain function, with a strong effect on other hormones that subsequently alter the physiology of multiple tissues. As such, alteration of endogenous estrogens across the menstrual cycle, or from oral contraception and estrogen replacement therapy, can affect these tissues. Due to the important effects that estrogens have on different tissues, there are many investigations concerning the effects of a human estrogenic environment on endocrine responses to exercise. The following review will describe the consequences of varying estrogen levels on pituitary, adrenal, gonadal, and endocrine function, followed by discussion of the outcomes of different estrogen levels on endocrine tissues in response to exercise, problems encountered for interpretation of findings, and recommended direction for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert R Kraemer
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA 70402, USA.
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Karakus M, Gelisgen R, Topcuoglu A, Guralp O, Topcuoglu D, Simsek G, Uludag S, Uzun H. The effects of 17β-estradiol plus drospirenone on anthropometric and biochemical measures of adiposity in menopausal women. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2012; 286:1233-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-012-2437-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Sherk VD, Malone SP, Bemben MG, Knehans AW, Palmer IJ, Bemben DA. Leptin, fat mass, and bone mineral density in healthy pre- and postmenopausal women. J Clin Densitom 2011; 14:321-5. [PMID: 21600824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2011.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The purpose was to examine relationships between age, fat mass, and bone mineral density (BMD) with resting leptin levels in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Young (aged 18-30 yr, n=30) and estrogen-deficient postmenopausal (aged 55-75 yr, n=43) women were recruited. Total body and segmental fat mass and bone-free lean body mass (BFLBM) and total body, lumbar spine, and proximal femur BMD were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum-resting, fasted leptin levels were measured by Immunoradiometric Assay (IRMA), and leptin-to-fat mass ratios were calculated. Young and older women had similar amounts of BFLBM, but older women had greater (p<0.05) amounts of fat mass and 35% higher leptin levels. Age differences in leptin concentrations were no longer significant after controlling for fat mass. Older women had significantly (p<0.05) lower hip BMD values. Age was negatively related (r=-0.29, p<0.05) to leptin:trunk fat ratio. Increases in fat mass, not menopause per se, contributes to higher leptin levels in older women. Relationships between leptin and BMD may be age dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa D Sherk
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of whole-body vibration on fat, bone, leptin and muscle mass. METHODS/DESIGN Thirty 7-month-old female 344 Fischer rats were randomized by weight into three groups (baseline, vibration or control; n=8-10 per group). Rats in the vibration group were placed inside individual compartments attached to a Pneu-Vibe vibration platform (Pneumex, Sandpoint, ID, USA) and vibrated at 30-50 Hz (6 mm peak to peak) for 30 min per day, 5 days per week, for 12 weeks. The vibration intervention consisted of six 5-min cycles with a 1-min break between cycles. RESULTS There were significant body composition differences between the whole-body vibration and the control group. The whole-body vibration group weighed approximately 10% less (mean+/-s.d.; 207+/-10 vs 222+/-15 g, P<0.03) and had less body fat (20.8+/-3.8 vs 26.8+/-5.9 g, P<0.05), a lower percentage of body fat (10.2+/-1.7 vs 12+/-2.0%, P<0.05), and lower serum leptin levels (1.06+/-0.45 vs 2.27+/-0.57 ng ml(-1), P<0.01) than the age-matched controls. No differences were observed for total lean mass, bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) or soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) mass or function. Regional high-resolution dual-energy X-ray absoptiometry scans of the lumbar spine (L1-4) revealed that the whole-body vibration group had significantly greater BMC (0.33+/-0.05 vs 0.26+/-0.03 g, P<0.01) and BMD (0.21+/-0.01 vs 0.19+/-0.01 g cm(-2), P<0.01) than the control group. No differences between the groups were observed in the amount of food consumed. CONCLUSION These findings show that whole-body vibration reduced body fat accumulation and serum leptin without affecting whole body BMC, BMD or lean mass. However, the increase in vertebral BMC and BMD suggests that vibration may have resulted in local increases in bone mass and density. Also, whole-body vibration did not affect muscle function or food consumption.
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