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Rosa-E-Silva ACJDS, Mamillapalli R, Rosa-E-Silva JC, Ucar A, Schwartz J, Taylor HS. Uterine administration of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 increases the pregnancy rates in mice with induced endometriosis. F&S SCIENCE 2023; 4:65-73. [PMID: 36252793 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of intrauterine injection of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), also known as a stem cell chemoattractant (stromal cell-derived factor 1), on fertility and endometrial receptivity in mice with endometriosis. DESIGN Laboratory study. SETTING Academic Medical Center. ANIMAL(S) Fifty-six mice underwent chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation. Thirty-six of these mice underwent either surgery to induce endometriosis (n = 20) or sham surgery (n = 16). INTERVENTION(S) Injection of CXCL12 as a potential therapeutic agent to improve fertility in endometriosis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Pregnancy rate, bone marrow-derived cell (BMDC) recruitment and endometrial receptivity markers. RESULT(S) The mice with or without endometriosis received a single uterine injection of either CXCL12 or placebo. Uterine injection of CXCL12 increased the pregnancy rates in a mouse model of endometriosis. Mice were euthanized after delivery, and implantation markers homeobox A11, alpha-v beta-3 integrin, and progesterone receptor were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, whereas green fluorescent protein positive BMDC recruitment was quantified by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. The sham surgery groups without endometriosis had the highest cumulative pregnancy rate (100%) regardless of CXCL12 treatment. The endometriosis group treated with placebo had the lowest pregnancy rate. An increased pregnancy rate was noted in the endometriosis group after treatment with CXCL12. There was also an increase in BMDC recruitment and endometrial expression of progesterone receptor and alpha-v beta-3 integrin in the endometriosis group that received CXCL12 compared with that in the endometriosis group that received placebo. CONCLUSION(S) Uterine injection of CXCL12 increased the pregnancy rates in a mouse model of endometriosis. These results suggest that CXCL12 has a potential role as a therapeutic agent in women with infertility related to endometriosis and potentially other endometrial receptivity defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Japur de Sá Rosa-E-Silva
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics-Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brasil
| | - Ramanaiah Mamillapalli
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
| | - Julio Cesar Rosa-E-Silva
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics-Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brasil
| | - Abdullah Ucar
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Joshua Schwartz
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hugh S Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Fang YY, Lyu F, Abuwala N, Tal A, Chen AY, Taylor HS, Tal R. Chemokine C-X-C receptor 4 mediates recruitment of bone marrow-derived nonhematopoietic and immune cells to the pregnant uterus†. Biol Reprod 2022; 106:1083-1097. [PMID: 35134114 PMCID: PMC9198949 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived progenitor cells (BMDPCs) are mobilized to the circulation in pregnancy and get recruited to the pregnant decidua where they contribute functionally to decidualization and successful implantation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying BMDPCs recruitment to the decidua are unknown. CXCL12 ligand and its CXCR4 receptor play crucial roles in the mobilization and homing of stem/progenitor cells to various tissues. To investigate the role of CXCL12-CXCR4 axis in BMDPCs recruitment to decidua, we created transgenic GFP mice harboring CXCR4 gene susceptible to tamoxifen-inducible Cre-mediated ablation. These mice served as BM donors into wild-type C57BL/6 J female recipients using a 5-fluorouracil-based nongonadotoxic submyeloablation to achieve BM-specific CXCR4 knockout (CXCR4KO). Successful CXCR4 ablation was confirmed by RT-PCR and in vitro cell migration assays. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry showed a significant increase in GFP+ BM-derived cells (BMDCs) in the implantation site as compared to the nonpregnant uterus of control (2.7-fold) and CXCR4KO (1.8-fold) mice. This increase was uterus-specific and was not observed in other organs. This pregnancy-induced increase occurred in both hematopoietic (CD45+) and nonhematopoietic (CD45-) uterine BMDCs in control mice. In contrast, in CXCR4KO mice there was no increase in nonhematopoietic BMDCs in the pregnant uterus. Moreover, decidual recruitment of myeloid cells but not NK cells was diminished by BM CXCR4 deletion. Immunofluorescence showed the presence of nonhematopoietic GFP+ cells that were negative for CD45 (panleukocyte) and DBA (NK) markers in control but not CXCR4KO decidua. In conclusion, we report that CXCR4 expression in nonhematopoietic BMDPCs is essential for their recruitment to the pregnant decidua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Fang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Fang Lyu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nafeesa Abuwala
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Aya Tal
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alice Y Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hugh S Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Reshef Tal
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Lee I, Ahn SH, Kim HI, Baek HW, Park YJ, Kim H, Aljassim AI, Shin W, Ryu C, Yoon J, Lee JH, Yun BH, Seo SK, Park JH, Choi YS, Cho S, Lee BS. Cytokines in culture media of preimplantation embryos during in vitro fertilization: Impact on embryo quality. Cytokine 2021; 148:155714. [PMID: 34600304 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cytokine support of embryonic development includes promotion of implantation and protection of blastomeres from cell stress and apoptosis. Correlations between embryo quality and concentrations of specific cytokines in culture media of human embryos have been investigated for many years. The aim of this study was to assess the concentrations of cytokines in preimplantation embryo culture media and to investigate their relationships with embryo quality and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes. Seventy-two samples were obtained from 39 infertile couples undergoing IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment between October 2018 and May 2019. Each embryo was cultured separately, and the embryo culture medium was collected 72 h after fertilization. Before embryo transfer on day 3, a morphological evaluation of each embryo was performed. Cytokine concentrations of each culture medium were analyzed for 23 selected cytokines using the Multiplex Cytokine/Chemokine Panel II Assay (Merck Millipore®). The results were categorized into two groups (top-quality and non-top-quality embryos). The median age of the 39 patients was 34 years. Nine of 23 cytokines were quantified and compared between the top-quality embryo group and non-top-quality embryo group. Among the nine cytokines, CCL15, CCL27, and CXCL-12 were significantly elevated in the top-quality embryo group. These results suggested that specific cytokines measured in human embryo culture media can be used to predict embryo quality and IVF outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inha Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - So Hyun Ahn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Hye In Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Hye Won Baek
- Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06273, South Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Park
- Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06273, South Korea
| | - Heeyon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Aminah Ibrahim Aljassim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal General Hospital, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Whan Shin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dankook University Hospital, Dankook University, 201 Manghyang-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chung Nam 31116, South Korea
| | - Chungsoon Ryu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Jeongmi Yoon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Lee
- Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06273, South Korea
| | - Bo Hyon Yun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Seok Kyo Seo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Park
- Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 363 Dongbaekjukjeon-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 16995, South Korea
| | - Young Sik Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
| | - SiHyun Cho
- Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06273, South Korea
| | - Byung Seok Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
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Kusama K, Fukushima Y, Yoshida K, Sakakibara H, Tsubata N, Yoshie M, Kojima J, Nishi H, Tamura K. Endometrial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by menstruation-related inflammatory factors during hypoxia. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 27:6275231. [PMID: 33983443 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is characterised by inflammation and fibrotic changes. Our previous study using a mouse model showed that proinflammatory factors present in peritoneal haemorrhage exacerbated inflammation in endometriosis-like grafts, at least in part through the activation of prostaglandin (PG) E2 receptor and protease-activated receptor (PAR). In addition, hypoxia is a well-known inducer of fibrosis that may be associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the complex molecular interactions between hypoxia and proinflammatory menstruation-related factors, PGE2 and thrombin, a PAR1 agonist, on EMT in endometriosis have not been fully characterised. To explore the effects of hypoxia and proinflammatory factors on EMT-like changes in endometrial cells, we determined the effects of PGE2 and thrombin (P/T) on EMT marker expression and cell migration in three dimensional cultured human endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) and endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). Treatment of EECs with P/T under hypoxia stimulated cell migration, increased the expression of mesenchymal N-cadherin, vimentin and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), and reduced the expression of epithelial E-cadherin. Furthermore, treatment with C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), a ligand for CXCR4, increased EMT marker expression and cell migration. In ESCs, P/T or oestrogen treatment under hypoxic conditions increased the expression and secretion of CXCL12. Taken together, our data show that hypoxic and proinflammatory stimuli induce EMT, cell migration and inflammation in EECs, which was increased by CXCL12 derived from ESCs. These data imply that inflammatory mediators in retrograde menstrual fluid contribute to ectopic endometrial EMT and migration in the presence of peritoneal hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kusama
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Y Fukushima
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - K Yoshida
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - H Sakakibara
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - N Tsubata
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - M Yoshie
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - J Kojima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - H Nishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - K Tamura
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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Loss of Cxcr4 in Endometriosis Reduces Proliferation and Lesion Number while Increasing Intraepithelial Lymphocyte Infiltration. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:1292-1302. [PMID: 33964217 PMCID: PMC8261475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Hyperactivation of the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis occurs in endometriosis; the therapeutic potential of treatments aimed at global inhibition of the axis was recently reported. Because CXCR4 is predominantly expressed on epithelial cells in the uterus, this study explored the effects of targeted disruption of CXCR4 in endometriosis lesions. Uteri derived from adult female mice homozygous for a floxed allele of CXCR4 and co-expressing Cre recombinase under control of progesterone receptor promoter were sutured onto the peritoneum of cycling host mice expressing the green fluorescent protein. Four weeks after endometriosis induction, significantly lower number of lesions developed in Cxcr4-conditional knockout lesions relative to those in controls (37.5% vs. 68.8%, respectively). In lesions that developed in Cxcr4-knockout, reduced epithelial proliferation was associated with a lower ratio of epithelial to total lesion area compared with controls. Furthermore, while CD3+ lymphocytes were largely excluded from the epithelial compartment in control lesions, in Cxcr4-knockout lesions, CD3+ lymphocytes infiltrated the Cxcr4-deficient epithelium in the diestrus and proestrus stages. Current data demonstrate that local CXCR4 expression is necessary for proliferation of the epithelial compartment of endometriosis lesions, that its downregulation compromises lesion numbers, and suggest a role for epithelial CXCR4 in lesion immune evasion.
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Zhao R, Feng D, Zhuang G, Liu Y, Chi S, Zhang J, Zhou X, Zhang W, Wang H. Protein kinase CK2 participates in estrogen-mediated endothelial progenitor cell homing to endometriotic lesions through stromal cells in a stromal cell-derived factor-1- CXCR4-dependent manner. Fertil Steril 2021; 113:1067-1079.e5. [PMID: 32386617 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the possible mechanism of protein kinase CK2, which participates in estrogen recruitment of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and its role in the angiogenesis of endometriosis lesions. DESIGN Laboratory study. SETTING University. ANIMAL(S) BALB/c mice. INTERVENTION(S) Exposure of human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) to estrogen and CK2 inhibitor CX-4945 and endometrial stromal cells transfected with the protein kinase CK2 vector (HESC-CK2). Endometriosis models were induced by allogeneic mice transplantation of the endometrium into dorsal skinfold chambers. The mice received an IP injection of 50 mg/kg emodin per day or were treated with 100 μg/kg estrogen by SC injection once a week. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The concentration of cytokines in cells was measured with ELISA. The migration of EPCs was examined using the scratch assay method and Transwell, a capillary tube-formation assay to determine EPC tube-forming capacity, and protein and mRNA expression with Western blot and polymerase chain reaction analyses, respectively. RESULT(S) Protein kinase CK2 participates in estrogen-mediated EPC homing to endometriotic lesions through stromal cells in a stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)-CXCR4-dependent manner. Conditioned medium from endometrial stromal cells that were stably transfected with the protein kinase CK2 vector (HESC-CK2) or pretreated with estrogen significantly enhanced the migration and recruitment of EPCs. In contrast, conditioned medium from HESCs that were treated with CX-4945, a selective inhibitor of CK2, inhibited the mobility and viability of EPCs. Furthermore, CK2 overexpression significantly upregulated SDF-1 expression and secretion in endometrial stromal cells by activating the AKT/mTOR pathway. Moreover, treatment with the SDF-1 receptor CXCR4-specific inhibitor AMD3100 completely reversed the CK2-enhanced migration of EPCs. CONCLUSION(S) This study demonstrates that CK2 participates in estrogen-mediated EPC homing to endometriotic lesions through stromal cells in an SDF-1-CXCR4-dependent manner and may be a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huang Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dilu Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huang Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guobin Zhuang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huang Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huang Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqi Chi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huang Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huang Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huang Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huang Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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Kida N, Nishigaki A, Kakita‐Kobayashi M, Tsubokura H, Hashimoto Y, Yoshida A, Hisamatsu Y, Tsuzuki‐Nakao T, Murata H, Okada H. Exposure to cigarette smoke affects endometrial maturation including angiogenesis and decidualization. Reprod Med Biol 2021; 20:108-118. [PMID: 33488290 PMCID: PMC7812488 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To elucidate the effects of cigarette smoking on human endometrial maturation for reproductive function, the authors examined the in vitro effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on angiogenesis and decidualization in primary human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). METHODS Endometrial stromal cells were cultured with CSE and/or estradiol-17β (E2) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). The mRNA, protein levels, and protein secretion of the angiogenic factors and decidual specific factors were assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Decidualization was also monitored by the changes in cellular morphology. RESULTS Endometrial stromal cell proliferation substantially decreased after dose-dependent treatments with CSE at concentrations above 1%, whereas cell death was induced at treatment concentrations above 1% CSE. Treatments above 0.025% CSE led to increased vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA through hypoxia-inducible factor-1α accumulation. CSE concentrations at 0.01% and 0.025% increased the prolactin expression levels after treatment with E2 and MPA, whereas 0.1% and 0.25% CSE concentrations suppressed prolactin. Similar tendencies were observed in cellular morphology and other decidual specific factors. CONCLUSION These results suggest that exposure to cigarette smoke affects endometrial appropriate maturation including the processes of angiogenesis and decidualization in the reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Kida
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKansai Medical UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Akemi Nishigaki
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKansai Medical UniversityOsakaJapan
| | | | - Hiroaki Tsubokura
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKansai Medical UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Yoshiko Hashimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKansai Medical UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Aya Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKansai Medical UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Yoji Hisamatsu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKansai Medical UniversityOsakaJapan
| | | | - Hiromi Murata
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKansai Medical UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Hidetaka Okada
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKansai Medical UniversityOsakaJapan
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Wu J, Tao X, Zhang H, Yi XH, Yu YH. Estrogen-Induced Stromal FGF18 Promotes Proliferation and Invasion of Endometrial Carcinoma Cells Through ERK and Akt Signaling. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:6767-6777. [PMID: 32801905 PMCID: PMC7414926 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s254242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate whether estrogen promoted the proliferation and invasion of endometrial carcinoma (EC) cells through paracrine FGFs in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). Patients and Methods We screened gene alterations in a primary ESC culture after 10 nM estrogen treatment using an Agilent mRNA microarray. We knocked down stromal FGF18 expression in a co-culture system and aimed to explore the contribution of E2-induced stromal FGF18 to the proliferation and invasion of EC cells. To determine the effective receptors and detailed downstream signaling of FGF18, we co-cultured estrogen-treated hESCs with FGFR1-, FGFR2-, FGFR3- or FGFR4-knockdown Ishikawa cells. Finally, we detected FGF18 expression in clinical samples, including several primary cultures of different ESCs and a series of tissue microarrays (TMAs) of 90 patients with EC. Results A few genes altered significantly in estrogen-treated primary ESCs, but only FGF18 was noticeably enhanced among the FGF family genes. Knockdown of FGF18 expression in hESCs inhibited the promoting effect of FGF18 on the proliferation and invasion of EC cells. FGF18 bound FGFR2 and FGFR3 in Ishikawa cells to activate downstream ERK and Akt pathways and to promote the viability of EC cells. The FGF18-FGFR2 and FGF18-FGFR3 pathways had close correlations with Survivin and CD44V6 expression but not with P53. Primary ESCs of endometrioid EC (EEC, type I EC) had higher FGF18 expression than ESCs of normal endometrium (NE), endometrial atypical hyperplasia (EAH) and type II EC. Conclusion Estrogen induced FGF18 in ESCs to promote the proliferation and invasion of EC cells, and FGFR inhibitors should be considered as promising candidate targets for EC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Tao
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Hua Yi
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-Hua Yu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
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9
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Ao D, Li DJ, Li MQ. CXCL12 in normal and pathological pregnancies: A review. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 84:e13280. [PMID: 32485053 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival of allogeneic fetuses during pregnancy is a rather paradoxical phenomenon with a complex mechanism. Chemokine ligand12 (CXCL12) and its receptors CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR)4 and 7 are extensively found in placenta tissues and cells, including trophoblast cells, vascular endothelial cells, and decidual stromal and decidual immune cells (eg, NK cells and regulatory T cells). Evidence has illustrated that the CXClL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis could enhance the cross talk at the maternal-fetal interface through multiple processes, such as invasion and placental angiogenesis, which appears to be critical signaling components in placentation and fetal outcome. In addition, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that the CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis also stands out for its pleiotropic roles in several pregnancy-associated diseases (eg, recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), pre-eclampsia (PE), and preterm labor). In the present review, the different biological properties and signaling in physiological and pathological pregnancy conditions of CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis were discussed, with the aim of obtaining a further understanding of the regulatory mechanisms and highlighting their potential as a target for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Ao
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Da-Jin Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Gastiazoro MP, Durando M, Milesi MM, Lorenz V, Vollmer G, Varayoud J, Zierau O. Glyphosate induces epithelial mesenchymal transition-related changes in human endometrial Ishikawa cells via estrogen receptor pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 510:110841. [PMID: 32360565 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate based herbicides are the most commonly used herbicide in the world. We aimed to determine whether glyphosate (Gly) induces epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) - related changes in a human endometrial carcinoma cell line (Ishikawa cells), and whether the estrogen receptor (ER) pathway is involved in these changes. Ishikawa cells were exposed to Gly (0.2 μM and 2 μM) or 17β-estradiol (E2: 10-9 M). We detected that Gly increased cell migration and invasion ability compared to vehicle, as did E2. Moreover, a down regulation of E-cadherin mRNA expression was determined in response to Gly, similar to E2-effects. These results show that Gly promotes EMT-related changes in Ishikawa cells. When an ER antagonist (Fulvestrant: 10-7 M) was co-administrated with Gly, all changes were reversed, suggesting that Gly might promote EMT-related changes via ER-dependent pathway. Our results are interesting evidences of Gly effects on endometrial cancer progression via the ER-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Gastiazoro
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina; Institute for Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - M Durando
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M M Milesi
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - V Lorenz
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - G Vollmer
- Institute for Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - J Varayoud
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - O Zierau
- Institute for Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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11
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Pluchino N, Mamillapalli R, Shaikh S, Habata S, Tal A, Gaye M, Taylor HS. CXCR4 or CXCR7 antagonists treat endometriosis by reducing bone marrow cell trafficking. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:2464-2474. [PMID: 31904910 PMCID: PMC7028867 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells have a major role in endometrial physiology, including remodelling and repair. However, they also have a critical role in the development and progression of endometriosis. Bone marrow-derived stem cells engraft eutopic endometrium and endometriotic lesions, differentiating to both stromal and epithelial cell fates. Using a mouse bone marrow transplantation model, we show that bone marrow-derived cells engrafting endometriosis express CXCR4 and CXCR7. Targeting either receptor by the administration of small molecule receptor antagonists AMD3100 or CCX771, respectively, reduced BM-derived stem cell recruitment into endometriosis implants. Endometriosis lesion size was decreased compared to vehicle controls after treatment with each antagonist in both an early growth and established lesion treatment model. Endometriosis lesion size was not effected when the local effects of CXCL12 were abrogated using uterine-specific CXCL12 null mice, suggesting an effect primarily on bone marrow cell migration rather than a direct endometrial effect. Antagonist treatment also decreased hallmarks of endometriosis physiopathology such as pro-inflammatory cytokine production and vascularization. CXCR4 and CXCR7 antagonists are potential novel, non-hormonal therapies for endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Pluchino
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ramanaiah Mamillapalli
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shafiq Shaikh
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shutaro Habata
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Aya Tal
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marie Gaye
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hugh S Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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12
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Chemokines as the modulators of endometrial epithelial cells remodelling. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12968. [PMID: 31506569 PMCID: PMC6736846 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49502-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies highlighted chemokines as potential factors regulating changes in the endometrium during early pregnancy. The current study aimed to screen the effects of a broad range of chemokines and indicate those that are involved in porcine luminal epithelial (LE) cell remodelling. Messenger RNA expression of chemokines (CCL2, CCL4, CCL5, CCL8, CXCL2, CXCL8, CXCL10 and CXCL12) and both the mRNA and protein expression of their receptors (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR5, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR4) were detected in LE cells. Exogenous CCL8 enhanced the proliferative and migration potential of LE cells and their motility in the environment with its stable concentration. The adhesive properties of LE cells were negatively affected by CCL8. However, CXCL12 positively affected the proliferation, motility and adhesion of LE cells as well as caused a decrease in MUC1 mRNA expression. To conclude, our studies determined that exogenous chemokines affected critical endometrial epithelial cell functions in the context of embryo implantation. We suggest that of all the examined factors, chemokine CCL8 participates in the establishment of a proper environment for embryo implantation, whereas CXCL12, apart from participation in endometrial receptivity, promotes embryo attachment.
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13
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Ruiz A, Ruiz L, Colón-Caraballo M, Torres-Collazo BJ, Monteiro JB, Bayona M, Fazleabas AT, Flores I. Pharmacological blockage of the CXCR4-CXCL12 axis in endometriosis leads to contrasting effects in proliferation, migration, and invasion. Biol Reprod 2019; 98:4-14. [PMID: 29161347 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of inflammatory factors including chemokines have been reported in peritoneal fluid and blood of women with endometriosis. CXCL12 mediates its action by interaction with its specific receptor, CXCR4, reported to be elevated in human endometriosis lesions and in the rat model of endometriosis. Activation of the CXCR4-CXCL12 axis increases cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of cancer cells. To obtain insights into the CXCR4 expression profile in lesions and endometrium, as well as functionality of the CXCR4-CXCL12 axis in endometriosis, we analyzed the expression of CXCR4 in tissues on a human tissue array and studied CXCL12-mediated activation of proliferation, invasion, and migration in vitro. We observed differences in levels of nuclear CXCR4 expression among lesion types, being higher in ovarian lesions. Endometriotic cell lines (12Z) showed higher levels of CXCR4, proliferative and migratory potential, and AKT phosphorylation/kinase activity compared to untreated control cells (endometrial epithelial cells). CXCL12 and endometriotic stromal cell-enriched media increased proliferation of non-endometriotic epithelial cells. CXCL12 caused a significant increase in 12Z cell invasion but had no effect on migration; AMD3100, a CXCR4-specific inhibitor, significantly increased invasion of 12Z cells but decreased their migration. However, treatment with CXCL12 plus AMD3100 significantly decreased invasion and migration of 12Z cells. In conclusion, the CXCR4-CXCL12 axis is functional in endometriosis cells, but the expression of CXCR4 varies among lesions. CXCL12 promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion of endometriotic cells, while inducing AKT phosphorylation and activity, but pharmacologically blocking this axis in the absence of the ligand induced their invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Ruiz
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Ponce, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Lynnette Ruiz
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Mariano Colón-Caraballo
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico, USA
| | | | - Janice B Monteiro
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Manuel Bayona
- Public Health Program, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University Ponce, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Asgerally T Fazleabas
- Department of Ob-Gyn & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Idhaliz Flores
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico, USA.,Department of Ob-Gyn, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico, USA
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14
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Chao HH, Li L, Gao X, Wang C, Yue W. CXCL12 expression in aborted mouse uteri induced by IFN-γ: Potential anti-inflammatory effect involves in endometrial restoration after abortion in mice. Gene 2019; 700:38-46. [PMID: 30898705 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.02.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Anti-inflammation is a key process to restore tissue integrity and function. CXCL12 is a homeostasis chemokine, which plays a coordinating role in organogenesis, tumorigenesis and regeneration. In the present study we found that the uterus of abortion mice showed different histo-morphological changes with the development of abortion. The expression of chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 in abortion uterus showed a time-dependent pattern. Compared with normal pregnancy, the expression of CXCL12 and CXCR4 did not change in the uterus of GD7 abortion mice, but increased significantly in the uterus of GD8 and GD10 abortion mice. However, the expression of IFN-γ increased significantly in the uterus of GD7 abortion mice, while there was no significant change detected in GD8 aborted mice uterus. Our further data show that the expression of CXCL12 is not regulated by IFN-γ in endometrial stromal cell culture system in vitro. The treatment of CXCL12 significantly inhibits the expression of IFN-γ in in vitro cultured stromal cells and splenic monocytes. This suggests that CXCL12 may play an anti-inflammatory role in the uterus of abortion mice to promote the process of endometrial restoration after abortion, rather than participate in the process of abortion as a response molecule of IFN-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu-He Chao
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing 100026, China.
| | - Lin Li
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Xiao Gao
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Chengrong Wang
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Wentao Yue
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing 100026, China.
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15
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Patel MV, Shen Z, Rossoll RM, Wira CR. Estradiol-regulated innate antiviral responses of human endometrial stromal fibroblasts. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 80:e13042. [PMID: 30295964 PMCID: PMC6275105 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM The contribution of fibroblasts to innate immune protection of the human female reproductive tract (FRT) against viral pathogens is relatively unknown. METHOD OF STUDY Endometrial (EM), endocervical (Cx) and ectocervical (ECx) fibroblasts were isolated from hysterectomy patients and grown in vitro. Fibroblasts were treated with the viral mimic poly (I:C) in the presence or absence of the sex hormone estradiol (E2 ), with gene expression measured by real-time RT-PCR and protein secretion by ELISA. RESULTS Poly (I:C) induced the expression of the interferon-stimulated genes (ISG) MxA, OAS2 and APOBEC3G, and the cytokines MCP-1, IL-8, IL-6, CCL20, IFNβ and RANTES by fibroblasts from all three sites. ISG upregulation was dependent upon Type I IFN signaling. E2 inhibited the poly (I:C)-induced upregulation of MxA and OAS2 in EM fibroblasts, but not Cx or ECx fibroblasts. E2 upregulated SDF-1α by EM fibroblasts but had no effect on secretion of other cytokines either alone or in the presence of poly (I:C). Conditioned media (CM) from poly (I:C)-treated or E2 -treated fibroblasts significantly reduced HIV infection of CD4+ T cells. CONCLUSION Stromal fibroblasts represent a level of innate immune protection against viral pathogens in the FRT beyond that seen with epithelial cells and immune cells. Our findings indicate that fibroblasts FRT are selectively responsive to E2 , capable of initiating an antiviral response against viral pathogens and may play a role in preventing HIV infection of CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickey V. Patel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Zheng Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Richard M. Rossoll
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Charles R. Wira
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
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16
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Inside the Endometrial Cell Signaling Subway: Mind the Gap(s). Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092477. [PMID: 30134622 PMCID: PMC6164241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cells perceive and respond to their microenvironment forming the basis of endometrial homeostasis. Errors in endometrial cell signaling are responsible for a wide spectrum of endometrial pathologies ranging from infertility to cancer. Intensive research over the years has been decoding the sophisticated molecular means by which endometrial cells communicate to each other and with the embryo. The objective of this review is to provide the scientific community with the first overview of key endometrial cell signaling pathways operating throughout the menstrual cycle. On this basis, a comprehensive and critical assessment of the literature was performed to provide the tools for the authorship of this narrative review summarizing the pivotal components and signaling cascades operating during seven endometrial cell fate “routes”: proliferation, decidualization, implantation, migration, breakdown, regeneration, and angiogenesis. Albeit schematically presented as separate transit routes in a subway network and narrated in a distinct fashion, the majority of the time these routes overlap or occur simultaneously within endometrial cells. This review facilitates identification of novel trajectories of research in endometrial cellular communication and signaling. The meticulous study of endometrial signaling pathways potentiates both the discovery of novel therapeutic targets to tackle disease and vanguard fertility approaches.
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17
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Okada H, Tsuzuki T, Murata H. Decidualization of the human endometrium. Reprod Med Biol 2018; 17:220-227. [PMID: 30013421 PMCID: PMC6046526 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decidualization of the human endometrium, which involves a dramatic morphological and functional differentiation of human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs), is essential for the establishment of a successful pregnancy. Decidualization results from a complex interplay of transcription factors, morphogens, cytokines, cell cycle regulators, and signaling pathways. METHODS Based on a literature review, the regulation of, and the molecular mechanisms involved in, the decidualization of the endometrium are described. MAIN FINDINGS Progesterone, together with proteins that are regulated by progesterone and/or cyclic adenosine monophosphate, including homeobox A10, forkhead box O1, signal transducers and activators of transcription, and heart and neural crest derivatives expressed transcript 2, forms a critical network for ESC decidualization and is a prerequisite to successful implantation. Decidualized ESCs contribute to the microenvironment at the feto-maternal interface and its direct or indirect influence on extracellular matrix remodeling, regulation of the local immune response, anti-oxidative stress, and angiogenesis (vascular maturation). Impairment of this process is associated with a variety of pregnancy disorders, including infertility, recurrent miscarriages, and uteroplacental disorders. CONCLUSION A deeper understanding of the process of decidualization is expected to provide new insights into the fields of reproductive biology and reproductive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Okada
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKansai Medical UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Tomoko Tsuzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKansai Medical UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Hiromi Murata
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKansai Medical UniversityOsakaJapan
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18
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Pluchino N, Mamillapalli R, Moridi I, Tal R, Taylor HS. G-Protein-Coupled Receptor CXCR7 Is Overexpressed in Human and Murine Endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2018; 25:1168-1174. [PMID: 29587613 DOI: 10.1177/1933719118766256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. Dysfunctional regulation of chemokines and chemokine receptors is a crucial aspect of endometriosis pathogenesis. Chemokine G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are important drug targets that regulate inflammation and immunity. Recently, CXCR7, a C-X-C motif containing GPCR, has been identified as a receptor for chemokine ligand CXCL12, one of the best characterized chemokines for cell trafficking, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation in cancer and inflammation. Here, we investigated the expression and localization of CXCR7 in human endometriosis and a murine model of the disease. Normal endometrial epithelium and stroma showed undetectable or very low expression of CXCR7, without any significant changes across phases of the menstrual cycle in humans. CXCR7 is significantly upregulated in endometriosis, showing higher staining in glands and in associated vessels. The mouse model recapitulated the human findings. In conclusion, overexpression of CXCR7 in different cellular populations of endometriosis microenvironment may play a role in the pathogenesis and represent a novel target for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Pluchino
- 1 Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ramanaiah Mamillapalli
- 1 Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Irene Moridi
- 1 Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Reshef Tal
- 1 Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hugh S Taylor
- 1 Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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19
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Elkilani OA, Soliman MA. Angiogenesis mediators in women with idiopathic heavy menstrual bleeding. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2016; 136:280-284. [PMID: 28099683 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and mature endothelial cells in patients with heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB). METHODS In a prospective observational study, women with idiopathic HMB and control individuals attending Menoufia University Hospital, Egypt, between August 2015 and January 2016 were enrolled. The inclusion criteria were a regular menstrual cycle, a normal coagulation study, and no anomalous ultrasonographic or hysteroscopic findings. Blood samples were collected during different phases of the menstrual cycle (day 5, ovulation, day 24) for measurement of the SDF-1 plasma level (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and for quantification of mature endothelial cells (by flow cytometry). RESULTS Overall, 20 women with HMB and 10 control individuals were enrolled. The SDF-1 level was significantly lower in the HMB group than in the control group during all phases of the menstrual cycle (P≤0.05 for all). The percentage of mature endothelial cells was significantly higher in the HMB group than among controls (P<0.001 for all). The SDF-1 level and the percentage of endothelial cells were negatively correlated throughout the cycle (P<0.001 for all). CONCLUSION Some mediators of angiogenesis, such as SDF-1 and endothelial cells, are disturbed in women with idiopathic HMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama A Elkilani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Soliman
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
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20
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Tsuzuki T, Okada H, Shindoh H, Shimoi K, Nishigaki A, Kanzaki H. Effects of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 inhibitor echinomycin on vascular endothelial growth factor production and apoptosis in human ectopic endometriotic stromal cells. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32:323-8. [PMID: 26654708 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2015.1121225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence points to a possible role for hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 in the pathogenesis and development of endometriosis. The objectives of this study were to investigate the critical role of HIF-1 in endometriosis and the effect of the HIF-1 inhibitor echinomycin on human ectopic endometriotic stromal cells (eESCs). Ectopic endometriotic tissues were obtained from 20 patients, who received an operation for ovarian endometriomas. We examined vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) production, HIF-1 expression, cell proliferation and apoptosis of eESCs. Cobalt chloride (CoCl2) significantly induced expression of HIF-1α protein and VEGF production in a time-dependent manner in eESCs, but reduced SDF-1 production. VEGF production was significantly suppressed by treatment of 100 nM echinomycin without causing cell toxicity, but 0.1-10 nM echinomycin or 100 nM progestin had no significant effect. SDF-1 production was not affected by echinomycin treatment at any dose. Echinomycin inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptotic cell death of the eESCs, and significantly inhibited expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Echinomycin inhibits VEGF production and induces apoptosis of eESCs by suppression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. These findings suggest the unique therapeutic potential for echinomycin as an inhibitor of HIF-1 activation for endometriosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Tsuzuki
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Kansai Medical University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Hidetaka Okada
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Kansai Medical University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Hisayuu Shindoh
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Kansai Medical University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Kayo Shimoi
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Kansai Medical University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Akemi Nishigaki
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Kansai Medical University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Hideharu Kanzaki
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Kansai Medical University , Osaka , Japan
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21
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Maybin JA, Critchley HOD. Menstrual physiology: implications for endometrial pathology and beyond. Hum Reprod Update 2015; 21:748-61. [PMID: 26253932 PMCID: PMC4594618 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmv038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Each month the endometrium becomes inflamed, and the luminal portion is shed during menstruation. The subsequent repair is remarkable, allowing implantation to occur if fertilization takes place. Aberrations in menstrual physiology can lead to common gynaecological conditions, such as heavy or prolonged bleeding. Increased knowledge of the processes involved in menstrual physiology may also have translational benefits at other tissue sites. METHODS Pubmed and Cochrane databases were searched for all original and review articles published in English until April 2015. Search terms included ‘endometrium’, ‘menstruation’, ‘endometrial repair’, ‘endometrial regeneration’ ‘angiogenesis’, ‘inflammation’ and ‘heavy menstrual bleeding’ or ‘menorrhagia’. RESULTS Menstruation occurs naturally in very few species. Human menstruation is thought to occur as a consequence of preimplantation decidualization, conferring embryo selectivity and the ability to adapt to optimize function. We highlight how current and future study of endometrial inflammation, vascular changes and repair/regeneration will allow us to identify new therapeutic targets for common gynaecological disorders. In addition, we describe how increased knowledge of this endometrial physiology will have many translational applications at other tissue sites. We highlight the clinical applications of what we know, the key questions that remain and the scientific and medical possibilities for the future. CONCLUSIONS The study of menstruation, in both normal and abnormal scenarios, is essential for the production of novel, acceptable medical treatments for common gynaecological complaints. Furthermore, collaboration and communication with specialists in other fields could significantly advance the therapeutic potential of this dynamic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline A Maybin
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Hilary O D Critchley
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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Wang X, Mamillapalli R, Mutlu L, Du H, Taylor HS. Chemoattraction of bone marrow-derived stem cells towards human endometrial stromal cells is mediated by estradiol regulated CXCL12 and CXCR4 expression. Stem Cell Res 2015; 15:14-22. [PMID: 25957946 PMCID: PMC5001152 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow derived cells engraft to the uterine endometrium and contribute to endometriosis. The mechanism by which these cells are mobilized and directed to the endometrium has not been previously characterized. We demonstrate that human endometrial stromal cells (hESCs) produce the chemokine CXCL12 and that bone marrow cells (BMCs) express the CXCL12 receptor, CXCR4. Treatment with physiological levels of estradiol (E2) induced both CXCL12 and CXCR4 expression in hESCs and BMCs, respectively. BMCs migrated towards hESCs conditioned media; a CXCR4 antagonist blocked migration indicating that CXCL12 acting through its receptor, CXCR4, is necessary for chemoattraction of BM cells to human endometrial cells. E2 increased both CXCL12 expression in endometrial cells and CXCR4 expression in BM cells, further enhancing chemoattraction. E2 induced CXCL12/CXCR4 expression in endometrium and BM, respectively, drives migration of stem cells to the endometrium. The E2-CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling pathway may be useful in determining treatments for endometrial disorders, and may be antagonized to block stem cell migration to endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ramanaiah Mamillapalli
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Levent Mutlu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hongling Du
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hugh S Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Shi X, Xu W, Dai HH, Sun Y, Wang XL. The role of SRC1 and SRC2 in steroid-induced SDF1 expression in normal and ectopic endometrium. Reproduction 2014; 147:847-53. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
To compare the expression patterns of steroid receptor coactivators (SRCs) and steroid-induced stromal cell-derived factor 1 (CXCL12 (SDF1)) in normal and ectopic endometrium and to explore the roles of NCOA1 (SRC1) and NCOA2 (SRC2) in the steroid-induced CXCL12 expression in normal and ectopic endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). The NCOA1, NCOA2, NCOA3 (SRC3), and CXCL12 (SDF1)α mRNA levels in normal and ectopic endometrium were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Steroid-induced CXCL12 expression was detected by the ELISA method and the chemotactic activity of conditioned supernatant to monocyte was assessed by the Boyden chamber method before and after the silencing of NCOA1 or NCOA2 with siRNA in normal and ectopic ESCs. The expression of NCOA1 and CXCL12 in ectopic endometrium was significantly greater than that in normal endometrium in the secretory phase. Progesterone (P4) was able to significantly inhibit estradiol (E2)-stimulated CXCL12 expression in normal and ectopic ESCs. The inhibitory rate of P4 in ectopic ESCs at 72 and 96 h was significantly lower than that in normal ESCs. Silencing of NCOA1 but not NCOA2 significantly reduced the E2-induced CXCL12 expression in normal and ectopic ESCs. The ability of P4 to inhibit E2-induced CXCL12 expression and monocyte chemotaxis in normal and ectopic ESCs was significantly attenuated when NCOA2 was silenced. NCOA1 plays a necessary role in E2-induced CXCL12 expression and NCOA2 is required for P4 to inhibit the E2-induced CXCL12 production in normal and ectopic endometrium.
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Patel MV, Ghosh M, Fahey JV, Ochsenbauer C, Rossoll RM, Wira CR. Innate immunity in the vagina (Part II): Anti-HIV activity and antiviral content of human vaginal secretions. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014; 72:22-33. [PMID: 24806967 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Whether the concentrations of antiviral proteins, and anti-HIV activity, within human vaginal secretions change across the menstrual cycle is unknown. METHOD OF STUDY Using a menstrual cup, vaginal secretions from pre-menopausal women were recovered at the proliferative (d6-8), mid-cycle (d13-15), and secretory (d21-23) stages of the menstrual cycle. Antiviral protein concentration was determined by ELISA, and anti-HIV activity assessed using the TZM-bl reporter cell line. RESULTS CCL20, RANTES, elafin, HBD2, SDF-1α, and IL-8 levels were detectable in the secretions. Vaginal secretions had anti-HIV activity against specific clade B strains of HIV, with significant inhibition of IIIB and increased infectivity of transmitted/founder CH077.t. No significant differences in either antiviral protein concentration or anti-HIV activity with respect to menstrual cycle stage were measured, but marked differences were observed in both parameters over the course of the cycle between different women and in consecutive cycles from the same woman. CONCLUSION The vagina contains a complement of antiviral proteins. The variation in anti-HIV activity demonstrates that immune protection in the vagina is not constant. Intra- and interindividual variations suggest that factors in addition to sex hormones influence antiviral protection. Lastly, the menstrual cup is a new model for recovering undiluted vaginal secretions from women throughout their reproductive life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickey V Patel
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
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25
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Okada H, Tsuzuki T, Shindoh H, Nishigaki A, Yasuda K, Kanzaki H. Regulation of decidualization and angiogenesis in the human endometrium: Mini review. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2014; 40:1180-7. [DOI: 10.1111/jog.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Okada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Kansai Medical University; Hirakata Osaka Japan
| | - Tomoko Tsuzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Kansai Medical University; Hirakata Osaka Japan
| | - Hisayuu Shindoh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Kansai Medical University; Hirakata Osaka Japan
| | - Akemi Nishigaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Kansai Medical University; Hirakata Osaka Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Yasuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Kansai Medical University; Hirakata Osaka Japan
| | - Hideharu Kanzaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Kansai Medical University; Hirakata Osaka Japan
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26
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Shindoh H, Okada H, Tsuzuki T, Nishigaki A, Kanzaki H. Requirement of heart and neural crest derivatives-expressed transcript 2 during decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells in vitro. Fertil Steril 2014; 101:1781-90.e1-5. [PMID: 24745730 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of heart and neural crest derivatives-expressed transcript 2 (HAND2) during decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). DESIGN In vitro experiment. SETTING Research laboratory. PATIENT(S) Twenty-six patients undergoing hysterectomy for benign reasons. INTERVENTION(S) ESCs were cultured for 12 days with HAND2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) or nonsilencing RNA during decidualization by medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and E2. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Decidualization was monitored by changes in cellular morphology and the expression of several decidual-specific genes. RESULT(S) HAND2 siRNA effectively suppressed HAND2 levels in ESCs after 12 days of E2 + MPA treatment. ESCs cultured with HAND2 siRNA retained a long fibroblast-like shape, whereas the cells cultured with control siRNA transformed into enlarged polygonal cells. Silencing of HAND2 expression significantly reduced connexin-43 involved in the morphologic changes. HAND2 silencing significantly reduced the mRNA levels of fibulin-1, prolactin, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3, interleukin-15, and forkhead box O1A (FOXO1A), but had no effect on the mRNA levels of dickkopf-1, serum glucocorticoid kinase 1, and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5. HAND2 siRNA effectively suppressed the levels of nuclear FOXO1A protein as a regulator of decidualization. CONCLUSION(S) These results suggest that HAND2 plays a key role in the regulation of progestin-induced decidualization of human ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisayuu Shindoh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Okada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Tsuzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akemi Nishigaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideharu Kanzaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
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Reis FM, Petraglia F, Taylor RN. Endometriosis: hormone regulation and clinical consequences of chemotaxis and apoptosis. Hum Reprod Update 2013; 19:406-18. [PMID: 23539633 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmt010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recruitment of immune cells by chemokines and the regulation of endometrial cell apoptosis are critical aspects of endometriosis biology. Here, we review the local (paracrine) and systemic hormone (endocrine) modulation of these two specific, but highly related phenomena. METHODS We searched Pubmed for items published in English between September 1991 and September 2011 and selected the studies evaluating the effects of hormones on chemokines or apoptosis in normal human endometrium and endometriosis. RESULTS Estradiol has proinflammatory and antiapoptotic effects in endometrial cells, and these effects appear to be exacerbated in women with endometriosis. In these women, physiological estradiol concentrations are able to induce an enhanced inflammatory response mediated by local chemokine production and to reinforce mechanisms of cell survival mediated by extracellular signal-regulated kinases and Bcl-2. The main effect of progestogens is to inhibit interleukin-8 and other chemokines in stromal cells from both eutopic and ectopic endometrium. Progesterone is also effective in inducing apoptosis in endometrial and endometriotic cells through the inhibition of Bcl-2 and nuclear factor-κB. CONCLUSIONS Estrogens and progestogens modulate chemotaxis and apoptosis in human endometrium and endometriotic cells and tissues. These endocrine and paracrine pathways are perturbed in women with endometriosis, contributing to inflammatory responses, abnormal tissue remodeling, therapeutic refractoriness and disease persistence. Ultimately, they promote adhesion formation and the clinical symptoms of pelvic pain and infertility. A more detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved will offer new opportunities for novel pharmacological strategies to diagnose and treat endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando M Reis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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28
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Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of MCF10DCIS and SUM Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Breast Cancer 2013; 2013:872743. [PMID: 23401782 PMCID: PMC3562669 DOI: 10.1155/2013/872743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We reviewed the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of MCF10DCIS.com and the SUM cell lines based on numerous studies performed over the years. The major signaling pathways that give rise to the phenotype of these cells may serve as a good resource of information when researchers in drug discovery and development use these cells to identify novel targets and biomarkers. Major signaling pathways and mutations affecting the coding sequence are also described providing important information when using these cells as a model in a variety of studies.
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Kriechbaumer V, Nabok A, Widdowson R, Smith DP, Abell BM. Quantification of ligand binding to G-protein coupled receptors on cell membranes by ellipsometry. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46221. [PMID: 23049983 PMCID: PMC3458955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are prime drug targets and targeted by approximately 60% of current therapeutic drugs such as β-blockers, antipsychotics and analgesics. However, no biophysical methods are available to quantify their interactions with ligand binding in a native environment. Here, we use ellipsometry to quantify specific interactions of receptors within native cell membranes. As a model system, the GPCR-ligand CXCL12α and its receptor CXCR4 are used. Human-derived Ishikawa cells were deposited onto gold coated slides via Langmuir-Schaefer film deposition and interactions between the receptor CXCR4 on these cells and its ligand CXCL12α were detected via total internal reflection ellipsometry (TIRE). This interaction could be inhibited by application of the CXCR4-binding drug AMD3100. Advantages of this approach are that it allows measurement of interactions in a lipid environment without the need for labelling, protein purification or reconstitution of membrane proteins. This technique is potentially applicable to a wide variety of cell types and their membrane receptors, providing a novel method to determine ligand or drug interactions targeting GPCRs and other membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Kriechbaumer
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
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30
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Devapatla B, Sanders J, Samuelson DJ. Genetically determined inflammatory-response related cytokine and chemokine transcript profiles between mammary carcinoma resistant and susceptible rat strains. Cytokine 2012; 59:223-7. [PMID: 22609213 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple human breast and rat mammary carcinoma susceptibility (Mcs) alleles have been identified. Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats are resistant to developing mammary carcinomas, while Wistar Furth (WF) females are susceptible. Gene transcripts at Mcs5a1, Mcs5a2, and Mcs5c are differentially expressed between resistant WKY and susceptible WF alleles in immune-system tissues. We hypothesized that immune-related gene transcript profiles are genetically determined in mammary carcinoma resistant and susceptible mammary glands. Low-density QPCR arrays were used to compare inflammation related genes between mammary carcinoma resistant WKY and susceptible WF females. Mammary gland gene transcript levels predicted to be different based on arrays were tested in independent samples. In total, 20 females per strain were exposed to 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) to induce mammary carcinogenesis. Twelve age-matched controls per strain without DMBA were included to determine main effects of DMBA-exposure. Significant (ANOVA P ≤ 0.01) effects of strain on mammary gland transcript level were observed for Cx3cl1, Il11ra, Il4, C3, Ccl20, Ccl11, Itgb2, Cxcl12, and Cxcr7. Significant effects of DMBA-exposure were observed for Cx3cl1, Il11ra, Cxcr4, Il4ra, and Il4. Strain and DMBA-exposure interaction effects were significant for Cx3cl1. Transcript levels of Cxcr7 relative to Cxcr4 were modified differently by DMBA in mammary carcinoma resistant and susceptible strains. In conclusion, several genetically-determined differences in cytokine, chemokine, and receptor gene transcript levels were identified between mammary carcinoma susceptible and resistant mammary glands, which may be indicative of cell populations and activities that suppress mammary carcinogenesis in resistant genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Devapatla
- Center for Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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31
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Tsuzuki T, Okada H, Cho H, Tsuji S, Nishigaki A, Yasuda K, Kanzaki H. Hypoxic stress simultaneously stimulates vascular endothelial growth factor via hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and inhibits stromal cell-derived factor-1 in human endometrial stromal cells. Hum Reprod 2011; 27:523-30. [PMID: 22128293 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/der405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia of the human endometrium is a physiologic event occurring during the perimenstrual period and the local stimulus for angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hypoxic stress on the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL12), and the potential role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in the endometrium. METHODS Human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs, n= 22 samples) were studied in vitro. ESCs were cultured under hypoxic and normoxic conditions and treated with cobalt chloride (CoCl₂; a hypoxia-mimicking agent) and/or echinomycin, a small-molecule inhibitor of HIF-1α activity. The mRNA levels and production of VEGF and SDF-1 were assessed by real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. The HIF-1α protein levels were measured using western blot analysis. RESULTS Hypoxia simultaneously induced the expression of mRNA and production of VEGF and attenuated the expression and production of SDF-1 from ESCs in a time-dependent manner. Similar changes were observed in the ESCs after stimulation with CoCl₂ in a dose-dependent manner. CoCl₂ significantly induced the expression of HIF-1α protein, and its highest expression was observed at 6 h. Echinomycin inhibited hypoxia-induced VEGF production without affecting the HIF-1α protein level and cell toxicity and had no effect on SDF-1 secretion (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Hypoxia simultaneously acts to increase VEGF via HIF-1α and to decrease SDF-1 in a HIF-1α-independent manner in ESCs. These results indicate a potential mechanism for the action of hypoxic conditions that could influence angiogenesis in the human endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Tsuzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, 2-3-1 Shinmachi-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1191, Japan
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Nishigaki A, Okada H, Tsuzuki T, Cho H, Yasuda K, Kanzaki H. Angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 in follicular fluid of women undergoing a long protocol. Fertil Steril 2011; 96:1378-83. [PMID: 22000910 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Revised: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the concentrations of angiopoietin 1 (ANGPT1) and ANGPT2 in individual human preovulatory follicles in relation to their diameter or volume to clarify the role of these molecules in folliculogenesis. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Research laboratory at Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan. PATIENT(S) Twenty-three women undergoing IVF. INTERVENTION(S) On the day of oocyte retrieval, serum samples and follicular fluid (FF) from individual follicles were collected. We analyzed 348 follicles. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) ANGPT1 and ANGPT2 concentrations in FF and serum and oocyte recovery rates. RESULT(S) On average, ANGPT1 concentrations in FF were 150 times lower than those in serum, whereas ANGPT2 concentrations in FF were 8 times higher than those in serum. The concentrations of ANGPT1 in follicles with a diameter ≤17 mm were significantly higher than those in follicles with a diameter ≥18 mm. On the other hand, the concentrations of ANGPT2 in follicles with a diameter ≤17 mm were significantly lower than those in follicles with a diameter ≥18 mm. The ANGPT2/ANGPT1 ratio increased with enlargement of follicular diameter. ANGPT1 concentrations in FF decreased with follicular volume. ANGPT2 concentrations and the ANGPT2/ANGPT1 ratio in FF rose with follicular volume. The ANGPT2/ANGPT1 ratio in FF from the oocyte recovery group was significantly higher than that from the nonrecovery group. CONCLUSION(S) Our data suggested that the change in ANGPT1 and ANGPT2 levels may be associated with follicular growth and angiogenesis during the preovulatory period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akemi Nishigaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
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Progestins inhibit estradiol-induced vascular endothelial growth factor and stromal cell-derived factor 1 in human endometrial stromal cells. Fertil Steril 2011; 96:786-91. [PMID: 21774929 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether 17β-estradiol (E(2)) and progestins exert direct effects on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1/CXCL12) in human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) and thereby to clarify the regulatory function of these local angiogenic factors in the endometrium. DESIGN In vitro experiment. SETTING Research laboratory at Kansai Medical University. PATIENT(S) Fourteen patients undergoing hysterectomy for benign reasons. INTERVENTION(S) ESCs were cultured with E(2) and/or various clinically relevant progestins (medroxyprogesterone acetate [MPA], norethisterone [NET], levonorgestrel [LNG], dienogest [DNG], and progesterone [P]). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The mRNA levels and production of VEGF and SDF-1 were assessed by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and ELISA, respectively. RESULT(S) E(2) significantly induced the mRNA levels and protein production of VEGF and SDF-1 in ESCs. MPA could antagonize the E(2)-stimulated effects in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and this effect could be reversed by RU-486 (P receptor antagonist). All of the progestins (MPA, NET, LNG, and DNG; 10(-9) to 10(-7) mol/L) attenuated E(2)-induced VEGF and SDF-1 production, whereas P showed these inhibitory effects only when present in a high concentration (10(-7) mol/L). CONCLUSION(S) Progestins have inhibitory effects on E(2)-induced VEGF and SDF-1 in ESCs. These results may indicate a potential mechanism for action of the female sex steroids in the human endometrium that can be helpful for various clinical applications.
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Tanwar PS, Zhang L, Roberts DJ, Teixeira JM. Stromal deletion of the APC tumor suppressor in mice triggers development of endometrial cancer. Cancer Res 2011; 71:1584-96. [PMID: 21363919 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-3166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of the stromal microenvironment to the progression of endometrial cancer has not been well explored. We have conditionally expressed a mutant allele of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC(cKO)) in murine uterine stroma cells to study its effect on uterine development and function. In addition to metrorrhagia, the mice develop complex atypical endometrial gland hyperplasia that progresses to endometrial carcinoma in situ and endometrial adenocarcinoma as evidenced by myometrial invasion. Stromal cells subjacent to the carcinoma cells express alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) with fewer cells expressing platelet-derived growth factor α compared with normal stromal cells, suggesting that the mutant stromal cells have acquired a more myofibroblastic phenotype, which have been described as cancer-associated fibroblasts and have been shown to induce carcinogenesis in other organ systems. Analyses of human endometrial cancer specimens showed substantial αSMA expression in the stroma compared with normal endometrial stroma cells. We also show that APC(cKO) mutant uteri and human endometrial cancer have decreased stromal levels of transforming growth factor β and bone morphogenetic protein activities and that the mutant uteri failed to respond to exogenous estradiol stimulation. The mutant stroma cells also had higher levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and stromal derived factor signaling components and diminished expression of estrogen receptor α and progesterone receptor, which is common in advanced stages of human endometrial cancer and is an indicator of poor prognosis. Our results indicate that de novo mutation or loss of heterozygosity in stromal APC is sufficient to induce endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinogenesis by mechanisms that are consistent with unopposed estrogen signaling in the endometrial epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep S Tanwar
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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