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Enthoven CA, Labrecque JA, Koopman-Verhoeff ME, Lambregtse-van den Berg MP, Hillegers MHJ, Marroun HE, Jansen PW. Reducing behavior problems in children born after an unintended pregnancy: the generation R study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024:10.1007/s00127-024-02693-3. [PMID: 38819520 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-024-02693-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine differences in behavior problems between children from intended versus unintended pregnancies, and to estimate how much the difference in problem behavior would be reduced if postnatal depression was eliminated and social support was increased within 6 months after birth. METHODS Data from the Generation R Study were used, a population-based birth cohort in Rotterdam, the Netherlands (N = 9621). Differences in child internalizing and externalizing behavior at ages 1.5, 3, 6, 9 and 13 years between pregnancy intention groups were estimated using linear regression. Associations of postnatal depression and social support with internalizing and externalizing problems were also estimated using linear regression. Child behavior outcomes where compared before and after modelling a situation in which none of the mothers experienced a postnatal depression and all mother experienced high social support. RESULTS Most pregnancies (72.9%) were planned, 14.8% were unplanned and wanted, 10.8% were unplanned with initially ambivalent feelings and 1.5% with prolonged ambivalent feelings. Children from unplanned pregnancies had more internalizing and externalizing problems at all ages as compared to children from a planned pregnancy, especially when ambivalent feelings were present. Hypothetically eliminating on postnatal depression reduced the differences in internalizing and externalizing problems by 0.02 to 0.16 standard deviation. Hypothetically increasing social support did not significantly reduce the difference in internalizing and externalizing problems. CONCLUSIONS Children from an unplanned pregnancy have more behavior problems, in particular when mothers had prolonged ambivalent feelings. Eliminating postnatal depression may help to reduce the inequality in child behavior related to pregnancy intention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clair A Enthoven
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University, Mandeville Building, Floor T13, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Childrens Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeremy A Labrecque
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Elisabeth Koopman-Verhoeff
- Simches Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Mijke P Lambregtse-van den Berg
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Childrens Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Manon H J Hillegers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Childrens Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanan El Marroun
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University, Mandeville Building, Floor T13, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Childrens Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pauline W Jansen
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University, Mandeville Building, Floor T13, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Childrens Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Delgado-Ron JA, Janus M. Association between pregnancy planning or intention and early child development: A systematic scoping review. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0002636. [PMID: 38051710 PMCID: PMC10697520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The Sustainable Development Goals have a specific target to "ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development" by 2030. There is sparse literature regarding the impact of pregnancy intention (wantedness and timing) or planning on child development. We aimed to summarize the evidence measuring the association between unintended or unplanned pregnancy and child development for children aged 3 to 5. We included studies that compared developmental outcomes of children from unwanted, unplanned, or mistimed pregnancies to those of children from wanted or planned pregnancies. In April 2022, we searched Ovid MEDLINE (from 1946), EMBASE (from 1974), and SCOPUS (from inception) without language restrictions. One reviewer tabulated data on country and year of study, population, sample and sampling method, age of participants, exposure, date of exposure retrieval, developmental outcome(s), assessment (direct or through third parties), statistical methods (including covariate selection methods), and effect estimates into bespoken data tables. Our scoping review identified 12 published studies reporting on 8 "cohorts" (range: 1963-2016) with information on approximately 39,000 children born mostly in developed countries. Overall, unwanted/unplanned pregnancies seemed to be associated with poorer child development when compared with wanted/planned pregnancies. Mistimed or delayed pregnancies correlated with weaker effects in the same direction. We concluded that achieving the target for SDG 4, related to child development, might entail policies that create environments supportive of wanted conception and access to safe abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Andrés Delgado-Ron
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Magdalena Janus
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Perspective: Chicken Models for Studying the Ontogenetic Origin of Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051155. [PMID: 35625892 PMCID: PMC9138209 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrients and xenobiotics cross the blood–placenta barrier, potentially depositing in the fetal brain. The prenatal exposure affects the neuroendocrine and microbial development. The mechanism underlying maternal risk factors reprograming the microbiota–gut–brain axis with long-term effects on psychosocial behaviors in offspring is not clear. In humans, it is not possible to assess the nutrient or xenobiotic deposition in the fetal brain and gastrointestinal system for ethical reasons. Moreover, the maternal–fetal microbe transfer during gestation, natural labor, and breast-feeding constitutes the initial gut microbiome in the progeny, which is inevitable in the most widely utilized rodent models. The social predisposition in precocial birds, including chickens, provides the possibility to test behavioral responses shortly after being hatched. Hence, chickens are advantageous in investigating the ontogenetic origin of behaviors. Chicken embryos are suitable for deposition assessment and mechanistic study due to the accessibility, self-contained development, uniform genetic background, robust microbiota, and easy in vivo experimental manipulation compared to humans and rodents. Therefore, chicken embryos can be used as an alternative to the rodent models in assessing the fetal exposure effect on neurogenesis and investigating the mechanism underlying the ontogenetic origin of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Roychoudhury S, Lodha A, Synnes A, Abou Mehrem A, Canning R, Banihani R, Beltempo M, Theriault K, Yang J, Shah PS, Soraisham AS, Ting J, Abou Mehrem A, Alvaro R, Adie M, Ng E, Pelausa E, Beltempo M, Claveau M, Barrington K, Lapoint A, Ethier G, Drolet C, Piedboeuf B, Afifi J, Dahlgren L, Wood S, Metcalfe A, O’Quinn C, Helewa M, Taboun F, Melamed N, Abenhaim H, Wou K, Gratton R, Boucoiran I, Taillefer C, Theriault K, Allen V, Synnes A, Grunau R, Hendson L, Moddemann D, de Cabo C, Nwaesei C, Church P, Banihani R, Pelausa E, Nguyen KA, Khairy M, Beltempo M, Dorval V, Luu TM, Bélanger S, Afifi J. Neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants conceived by assisted reproductive technology. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 225:276.e1-276.e9. [PMID: 33798481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been concerns about the development of children conceived through assisted reproductive technology. Despite multiple studies investigating the outcomes of assisted conception, data focusing specifically on the neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants conceived through assisted reproductive technology and born preterm are limited. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate and compare the neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants born at <29 weeks' gestation at 18 to 24 months' corrected age who were conceived through assisted reproductive technology and those who were conceived naturally. STUDY DESIGN This retrospective cohort study included inborn, nonanomalous infants, born at <29 weeks' gestation between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2016, who had a neurodevelopmental assessment at 18 to 24 months' corrected age at any of the 10 Canadian Neonatal Follow-Up Network clinics. The primary outcome was neurodevelopmental impairment at 18 to 24 months, defined as the presence of any of the following: cerebral palsy; Bayley-III cognitive, motor, or language composite score of <85; sensorineural or mixed hearing loss; and unilateral or bilateral visual impairment. Secondary outcomes included mortality, composite of mortality or neurodevelopmental impairment, significant neurodevelopmental impairment, and each component of the primary outcome. We compared outcomes between infants conceived through assisted reproductive technology and those conceived naturally, using bivariate and multivariable analyses after adjustment. RESULTS Of the 4863 eligible neonates, 651 (13.4%) were conceived using assisted reproductive technology. Maternal age; education level; and rates of diabetes mellitus, receipt of antenatal corticosteroids, and cesarean delivery were higher in the assisted reproduction group than the natural conception group. Neonatal morbidity and death rates were similar except for intraventricular hemorrhage, which was lower in the assisted reproduction group (33% [181 of 546] vs 39% [1284 of 3318]; P=.01). Of the 4176 surviving infants, 3386 (81%) had a follow-up outcome at 18 to 24 months' corrected age. Multivariable logistic regression adjusting for gestational age, antenatal steroids, sex, small for gestational age, multiple gestations, mode of delivery, maternal age, maternal education, pregnancy-induced hypertension, maternal diabetes mellitus, and smoking showed that infants conceived through assisted reproduction was associated with lower odds of neurodevelopmental impairment (adjusted odds ratio, 0.67; 95% confidence interval, 0.52-0.86) and the composite of death or neurodevelopmental impairment (adjusted odds ratio, 0.67; 95% confidence interval, 0.54-0.84). Conception through assisted reproductive technology was associated with decreased odds of a Bayley-III composite cognitive score of <85 (adjusted odds ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.48-0.99) and composite language score of <85 (adjusted odds ratio, 0.67; 95% confidence interval, 0.50-0.88). CONCLUSION Compared with natural conception, assisted conception was associated with lower odds of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, especially cognitive and language outcomes, at 18 to 24 months' corrected age among preterm infants born at <29 weeks' gestation. Long-term follow-up studies are required to assess the risks of learning disabilities and development of complex visual-spatial and processing skills in these children as they reach school age.
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Murray AL, Speyer LG, Hall HA, Valdebenito S, Hughes C. A Longitudinal and Gender Invariance Analysis of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Across Ages 3, 5, 7, 11, 14, and 17 in a Large U.K.-Representative Sample. Assessment 2021; 29:1248-1261. [PMID: 33874786 PMCID: PMC9301174 DOI: 10.1177/10731911211009312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Developmental invariance is important for making valid inferences about child
development from longitudinal data; however, it is rarely tested. We evaluated
developmental and gender invariance for one of the most widely used measures of
child mental health: the parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties
Questionnaire (SDQ). Using data from the large U.K. population-representative
Millennium Cohort Study (N = 10,207; with data at ages 3, 5, 7,
11, 14, and 17 years), we tested configural, metric, scalar, and residual
invariance in emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention,
prosociality, and peer problems. We found that the SDQ showed poor fit at age 3
in both males and females and at age 17 in males; however, it fit reasonably
well and its scores were measurement invariant up to the residual level across
gender at ages 5, 7, 11, and 14 years. Scores were also longitudinally
measurement invariant across this age range up to the partial residual level.
Results suggest that the parent-reported SDQ can be used to estimate
developmental trajectories of emotional problems, conduct problems,
hyperactivity/inattention, prosociality, and peer problems and their gender
differences across the age range 5 to 14 years using a latent model.
Developmental differences outside of this range may; however, partly reflect
measurement differences.
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Heineman KR, Kuiper DB, Bastide-van Gemert S, Heineman MJ, Hadders-Algra M. Cognitive and behavioural outcome of children born after IVF at age 9 years. Hum Reprod 2020; 34:2193-2200. [PMID: 31711156 PMCID: PMC9185894 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dez202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do ovarian stimulation (OS) and the in vitro laboratory procedures affect offsprings' cognitive and behavioural outcome at 9 years? SUMMARY ANSWER OS and the in vitro laboratory procedures or the combination of both were not associated with cognitive and behavioural outcome at age 9 years. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY ART is not associated with an adverse short-term developmental outcome of the offspring, but limited knowledge is available on the offspring's long-term neurodevelopmental condition. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A 9-year longitudinal, assessor-blinded, prospective follow-up study of 169 out of 215 singletons (79%) born between March 2005 and December 2006 was performed. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Singletons born following IVF or ICSI with OS (n = 57), born after modified natural cycle IVF/ICSI (MNC-IVF/ICSI; n = 46) and born after natural conception to subfertile couples (Sub-NC; n = 66), were assessed at 9 years. This study design, with two ART groups and a subfertile reference group, allows for disentangling the effects of OS and ART procedures on developmental outcome. Cognitive outcome was evaluated with the Wechsler abbreviated scale of intelligence and the NEPSY-II. Behaviour was assessed with the child behaviour checklist (CBCL) and teacher report form (TRF). Univariable analyses and multiple linear regression models were used. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE There was no significant difference in intelligence quotient (IQ) scores between ART groups (mean IQ (95% CI): OS 114.8 (83.2-142.6); MNC 114.0 (90.2-140.8); Sub-NC 115.4 (87.9-141.2), P = 0.746). Multivariable analyses did not reveal a statistically significant association between ART group and total, verbal and performance IQ. CBCL and TRF scores did not differ significantly between ART groups (P = 0.090 and 0.507, respectively). Multivariable analyses did not demonstrate a statistically significant association between ART group and CBCL and TRF total, or internalising and externalising T-scores. No significant correlations between time to pregnancy (TTP)-a proxy for the severity of parental subfertility-and outcome measures were found (Spearman rho between -0.050 and 0.049, NS), which was confirmed with multivariable analyses. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The attrition rate of 21% may be considered as a limitation of the study; however, after a follow-up period of 9 years, this rate is generally considered acceptable, and there were no significant differences in background characteristics between children with and without follow-up, making an attrition-related selection bias less likely. Another limitation of the study is the relatively small sample size, which could contribute to selection bias, hamper generalizability to the ART population and lead to false negative findings as a result of underpowering. An a priori power analysis on total IQ indicated that the OS-IVF/ICSI and Sub-NC groups should contain 64 children, confirming that our study including 57 and 66 children, respectively, was slightly underpowered. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our study indicated that OS and the in vitro laboratory procedures or the combination of both and TTP were not associated with cognitive and behavioural outcome at 9 years. These are reassuring results for both parents and clinicians involved in ART. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The study was financially supported by the University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), two graduate schools of the UMCG (BCN and SHARE) and the Cornelia Stichting. The sponsors of the study had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation or writing of the report. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Heineman
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Developmental Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands.,SEIN, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Dr Denekampweg 20, 8025 BV Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - D B Kuiper
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Developmental Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Sla Bastide-van Gemert
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - M J Heineman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - M Hadders-Algra
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Developmental Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
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The associations of maternal polycystic ovary syndrome and hirsutism with behavioral problems in offspring. Fertil Steril 2020; 113:435-443. [PMID: 32106995 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the associations between maternal polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hirsutism with offspring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, conduct disorder, and behavioral problems. DESIGN Prospective birth cohort study. SETTING Not applicable. PATIENT(S) A total of 1,915 mother-child dyads. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Maternal report of offspring ADHD, anxiety, or conduct disorder diagnosis at 7 to 8 years; emotional symptoms, behavioral problems (including peer relationship, conduct, hyperactivity/inattention), and prosocial problems measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) at 7 years. RESULT(S) Prevalence of PCOS and hirsutism were 12.0% and 3.9%; 84% of women with hirsutism had PCOS. After adjustment for sociodemographic covariates, prepregnancy body mass index, and parental history of affective disorders, children born to mothers with PCOS had higher risk of anxiety (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-2.57) and borderline emotional symptoms (aRR 1.66; 95% CI, 1.18-2.33) compared with children born to mothers without PCOS. The associations between maternal PCOS and offspring ADHD were positive but imprecise. Maternal hirsutism was related to a higher risk of children's ADHD (aRR 2.33; 95% CI, 1.28-4.24), conduct disorder (aRR 2.54; 95% CI 1.18-5.47), borderline emotional symptoms, peer relationship problems, and conduct problems (aRRs 2.61; 95% CI, 1.69-4.05; 1.92; 95% CI, 1.16-3.17; and 2.22; 95% CI, 1.30-3.79, respectively). CONCLUSION(S) Maternal PCOS was associated with offspring anxiety, and hirsutism was related to other offspring behavioral problems. These findings should be interpreted with caution as replication is needed in prospective cohort studies that assess PCOS and hirsutism diagnoses using medical records.
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Wainstock T, Sheiner E, Yoles I, Sergienko R, Landau D, Harlev A. Fertility treatments and offspring pediatric infectious morbidities: results of a population-based cohort with a median follow-up of 10 years. Fertil Steril 2020; 112:1129-1135. [PMID: 31843089 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.07.1325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the association between mode of conception and offspring infectious morbidity risk. DESIGN Population-based cohort study. SETTING Regional university medical center. PATIENT(S) All singleton infants born between the years 1991 and 2014 and discharged alive from the hospital. INTERVENTION(S) Follow-up time in the study was calculated from birth to an event, defined as the first offspring hospitalization with any infectious morbidity. All infectious diagnoses were compared between the study groups, and a multivariable survival model was created to study the association between mode of conception and offspring pediatric hospitalization with infectious morbidity, and adjusting for confounding or clinically significant variables. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) First offspring pediatric hospitalization with infectious morbidity. RESULT(S) During the study period, 242,187 newborns met the inclusion criteria: 2,603 (1.1%) of which were conceived after undergoing IVF, 1,172 (0.7%) after ovulation induction (OI), and 237,863 (98.3%) were conceived spontaneously. Mothers receiving fertility treatments were older and with higher rates of preterm births and low birthweights. The hospitalizations rates per 1,000 person years of follow-up were 16.34/1,000 person years, 11.61/1,000 person years, and 10.19/1,000 person years, among the IVF, OI, and spontaneously conceived offspring, respectively. The adjusted hazard ratios were 1.26 (95% confidence interval 1.13-1.42) and 1.14 (95% confidence interval 1.00-1.38), for the IVF and OI compared with the spontaneously conceived offspring, respectively. The model adjusted for preterm delivery, birthweight, maternal age, hypertension, diabetes, and cesarean section. CONCLUSION(S) Higher risk for infectious morbidity was found among offspring conceived after fertility treatments compared with spontaneously conceived offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Wainstock
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Eyal Sheiner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Israel Yoles
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel; Clalit Health Services, Central District, Rishon Le-Zion, Israel
| | - Ruslan Sergienko
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Daniella Landau
- Department of Pediatrics, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Avi Harlev
- Department of Fertility and IVF Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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Prevalence of Unwanted Pregnancy among Iranian Women: Systematic Review and Meta - analysis. PAJOUHAN SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.52547/psj.18.2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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Yeung EH, Kim K, Purdue-Smithe A, Bell G, Zolton J, Ghassabian A, Vafai Y, Robinson SL, Mumford SL. Child Health: Is It Really Assisted Reproductive Technology that We Need to Be Concerned About? Semin Reprod Med 2019; 36:183-194. [PMID: 30866005 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1675778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Concerns remain about the health of children conceived by infertility treatment. Studies to date have predominantly not identified substantial long-term health effects after accounting for plurality, which is reassuring given the increasing numbers of children conceived by infertility treatment worldwide. However, as technological advances in treatment arise, ongoing studies remain critical for monitoring health effects. To study whether the techniques used in infertility treatment cause health differences, however, remains challenging due to identification of an appropriate comparison group, heterogeneous treatment, and confounding by the underlying causes of infertility. In fact, the factors that are associated with underlying infertility, including parental obesity and other specific male and female factors, may be important independent factors to consider. This review will summarize key methodological considerations in studying children conceived by infertility treatment including the evidence of associations between underlying infertility factors and child health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Akhgar Ghassabian
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York.,Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
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The psychosocial health of children born after medically assisted reproduction: Evidence from the UK Millennium Cohort Study. SSM Popul Health 2019; 7:100355. [PMID: 30723770 PMCID: PMC6351582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing number of children conceived through medically assisted reproduction (MAR, including IVF/ICSI, intrauterine insemination and ovulation induction) has led to concerns about the potential negative effects of fertility treatments on children’s psychosocial health. Some studies suggest that MAR children might be at higher risk of developing psychosocial problems when they enter adolescence. However, very few studies have examined the development of MAR children after childhood. Moreover, even though parental socio-economic characteristics are known to be highly correlated with children’s psychosocial development, most existing studies on the outcomes of MAR children did not take into account the selective characteristics of the couples who accessed fertility treatments. Using data from waves 1–6 of the UK Millennium Cohort Study, we compare the psychosocial health, as measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, of MAR children to that of naturally-conceived (NC) children, up to and including the age of 14. We control for a wide range of time-constant child and parental characteristics that might confound the association between MAR and the psychosocial health of children. Results from multilevel random intercept models that do not account for parental characteristics show that MAR children have a lower incidence of psychosocial problems than NC children. In models that control for parental characteristics, MAR children are found to have a higher incidence of psychosocial problems than NC children at age three, which suggests that high parental resource levels both explain the advantage of MAR children in unadjusted models, and mask the potentially adverse effects of MAR at young ages. However, in the fully adjusted models in which MAR children have more psychosocial problems at young age, the differences with respect to NC children decrease with age and become statistically and substantively negligible by end of follow-up at age 14. This result suggests that the use of MAR does not increase children’s risk of having psychosocial problems at the onset of adolescence. We compare Medically Assisted Reproduction (MAR) and naturally conceived children. MAR children experience lower levels of psychosocial problems than NC children at all ages from 3 to 14. The selective characteristics of MAR parents explain the observed difference. Net of parental characteristics, young MAR children have higher levels of psychosocial problems, but the gap decrease and eventually converges by age 14.
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Barbuscia A, Mills MC. Cognitive development in children up to age 11 years born after ART-a longitudinal cohort study. Hum Reprod 2018; 32:1482-1488. [PMID: 28541549 PMCID: PMC5850752 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION How does the cognitive development of children conceived after ART (IVF and ICSI) - measured as cognitive skills at age 3, 5, 7 and 11 years - differ over time from those born after natural conception (NC)? SUMMARY ANSWER Improved measures of cognitive development up to age 5 years were recorded in children conceived with ART compared to NC, which attenuates by 11 years, with ART children still scoring slightly better than NC children. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Results on the cognitive outcomes of children conceived after ART have been highly contradictory. Some have shown that ART children have an impaired behavioural, socio-emotional and cognitive development and higher risk of mental disorders. Others have reported no increased risk or difference. Cognitive development has not been previously examined using latent growth curve models from ages 3 to 11 years, also including appropriate attention to confounding parental characteristics. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Longitudinal data for the first five waves (2000-2012) of the UK Millennium Cohort Study were used, which is a two-stage sample of all infants born in 2000-2001 and resident in the UK at 9 months of age, drawn from the Department of Social Security Child Benefit Registers. A final sample of N = 15 218 children (125 IVF and 61 ICSI), from 14 816 families was used. Information was available for all waves for 8298 children. Four additional follow-up surveys were conducted in 2003, 2005, 2007 and 2012. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Our sample includes children born within a union (married or cohabiting parents) and where information on cognitive scores was available for at least two measurement points. Cognitive development was assessed with the British Ability Scales. At age 3 and 5 years (wave 2 and 3), children completed the naming vocabulary component, which measures expressive verbal ability. At age 7 years (wave 4), verbal cognitive abilities were assessed through the word reading test, and at age 11 years (wave 5) through a verbal similarity test. Two-tailed Student's t-tests examined differences between ART and NC groups. Growth curve models (random-coefficient, latent trajectory models) were used to study the effect of ART, confounding parental characteristics and health outcomes at birth, both at a baseline level of cognitive ability at age 3 years and on its growth rate. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE At age 3 and 5 years, children conceived with the aid of ART have higher verbal cognitive abilities than NC children (P < 0.001) but this consistently decreases over time and diminishes by age 11 years. Parental environment and resources are pivotal in children's cognitive development. LIMITATIONS, REASON FOR CAUTION The sample size of the ART cohort of children is small across each time period (N = 150-180) in comparison with NC children (N = 10 496-11 955). Owing to a limited sample size, we are also unable to compare IVF versus ICSI treatment. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS With the increasing use of IVF and ICSI, these results indicate that there are no detrimental effects on children's early cognitive outcomes up to age 11 years, and highlight the importance of parental characteristics. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) Funding for this project was provided by the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7 2007-2013) (No. 320116 Families and Societies), ESRC/NCRM SOCGEN Grant (ES/N0011856/1) and the SOCIOGENOME ERC Consolidator Grant (ERC-2013-CoG-615603) (to M.C.M.). The authors have no competing interests to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Barbuscia
- Department of Sociology and Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Manor Road, OxfordOX1 3UQ, UK
| | - Melinda C Mills
- Department of Sociology and Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Manor Road, OxfordOX1 3UQ, UK
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Development of an intervention delivered by mobile phone aimed at decreasing unintended pregnancy among young people in three lower middle income countries. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:576. [PMID: 29716571 PMCID: PMC5930955 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5477-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unintended pregnancies can result in poorer health outcomes for women, children and families. Young people in low and middle income countries are at particular risk of unintended pregnancies and could benefit from innovative contraceptive interventions. There is growing evidence that interventions delivered by mobile phone can be effective in improving a range of health behaviours. This paper describes the development of a contraceptive behavioural intervention delivered by mobile phone for young people in Tajikistan, Bolivia and Palestine, where unmet need for contraception is high among this group. METHODS Guided by Intervention Mapping, the following steps contributed to the development of the interventions: (1) needs assessment; (2) specifying behavioural change to result from the intervention; (3) selecting behaviour change methods to include in the intervention; (4) producing and refining the intervention content. RESULTS The results of the needs assessment produced similar interventions across the countries. The interventions consist of short daily messages delivered over 4 months (delivered by text messaging in Palestine and mobile phone application instant messages in Bolivia and Tajikistan). The messages provide information about contraception, target attitudes that are barriers to contraceptive uptake and support young people in feeling that they can influence their reproductive health. The interventions each contain the same ten behaviour change methods, adapted for delivery by mobile phone. CONCLUSIONS The development resulted in a well-specified, theory-based intervention, tailored to each country. It is feasible to develop an intervention delivered by mobile phone for young people in resource-limited settings.
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Baird DT, Bajos N, Cleland J, Glasier A, La Vecchia C, Leridon H, Milsom I, Benagiano G, Bhattacharya S, Bhattacharya S, Crosignani PG, Evers JLH, Negri E, Volpe A. Why after 50 years of effective contraception do we still have unintended pregnancy? A European perspective. Hum Reprod 2018; 33:777-783. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - D T Baird
- Centre for Reproductive Biology, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - J Cleland
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - A Glasier
- Simpson Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - H Leridon
- Directeur de recherche émérite, INED, / French Institute for Demographic Studies, Paris cedex, France
| | - I Milsom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecologist, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - G Benagiano
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - S Bhattacharya
- Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Urology, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Roma, Italy
| | - S Bhattacharya
- Professor of Reproductive Medicine, Head of Division of Applied Health Sciences and Director Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Maternity Hospital, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK
| | - P G Crosignani
- IRCCS Ca’ Granda Foundation, Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - J L H Evers
- Maastricht University and Academisch ziekenhuis Maastricht, Dept. Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - E Negri
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - A Volpe
- Dipartimento Integrato Materno Infantile, Università di Modena, Modena, Italy
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McCarthy OL, Wazwaz O, Jado I, Leurent B, Edwards P, Adada S, Stavridis A, Free C. An intervention delivered by text message to increase the acceptability of effective contraception among young women in Palestine: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2017; 18:454. [PMID: 28974258 PMCID: PMC5627444 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-2191-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unintended pregnancy can negatively impact women's lives and is associated with poorer health outcomes for women and children. Many women, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, continue to face obstacles in avoiding unintended pregnancy. In the State of Palestine, a survey conducted in 2006 estimated that 38% of pregnancies are unintended. In 2014, unmet need for contraception was highest among young women aged 20-24 years, at 15%. Mobile phones are increasingly being used to deliver health support. Once developed, interventions delivered by mobile phone are often cheaper to deliver than face-to-face support. The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and the Palestinian Family Planning and Protection Association have partnered to develop and evaluate a contraceptive behavioural intervention for young women in Palestine delivered by mobile phone. The intervention was developed guided by behavioural science and consists of short, mobile phone text messages that contain information about contraception and behaviour change methods delivered over 4 months. METHODS We will evaluate the intervention by conducting a randomised controlled trial. Five hundred and seventy women aged 18-24 years, who do not report using an effective method of contraception, will be allocated with a 1:1 ratio to receive the intervention text messages or control text messages about trial participation. The primary outcome is self-reported acceptability of at least one method of effective contraception at 4 months. Secondary outcomes include the use of effective contraception, acceptability of individual methods, discontinuation, service uptake, unintended pregnancy and abortion. Process outcomes include knowledge, perceived norms, personal agency and intervention dose received. Outcomes at 4 months will be compared between arms using logistic regression. DISCUSSION This trial will determine the effect of the intervention on young women's attitudes towards the most effective methods of contraception. If the intervention is found to be effective, the intervention will be implemented widely across Palestine. The results could also be used to design a larger trial to establish its effect on unintended pregnancy. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT02905461 . Registered on 14 September 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ona L McCarthy
- Department of Population Health, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT UK
| | - Ola Wazwaz
- Palestinian Family Planning and Protection Association, Industrial Zone, Wadi Al-Joze, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Iman Jado
- Palestinian Family Planning and Protection Association, Industrial Zone, Wadi Al-Joze, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Baptiste Leurent
- Department of Medical Statistics, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT UK
| | - Phil Edwards
- Department of Population Health, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT UK
| | - Samia Adada
- International Planned Parenthood Federation, Arab World Regional Office, 2 Place Virgile, Notre Dame, Tunis 1082 Tunisia
| | - Amina Stavridis
- Palestinian Family Planning and Protection Association, Industrial Zone, Wadi Al-Joze, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Caroline Free
- Department of Population Health, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT UK
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Golombok S, Ilioi E, Blake L, Roman G, Jadva V. A longitudinal study of families formed through reproductive donation: Parent-adolescent relationships and adolescent adjustment at age 14. Dev Psychol 2017; 53:1966-1977. [PMID: 28758779 PMCID: PMC5611761 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the 6th phase of this longitudinal study was to establish whether children born through assisted reproduction involving reproductive donation were at risk for psychological problems following the transition to adolescence at age 14 and, if so, to examine the nature of these problems and the mechanisms involved. Eighty-seven families formed through reproductive donation, including 32 donor insemination families, 27 egg donation families, and 28 surrogacy families, were compared with 54 natural conception families. Standardized interviews, questionnaires, and observational assessments of the quality of parent-adolescent relationships and adolescent adjustment were administered to mothers, adolescents, and teachers. The mothers in surrogacy families showed less negative parenting and reported greater acceptance of their adolescent children and fewer problems in family relationships as a whole compared with gamete donation mothers. In addition, less positive relationships were found between mothers and adolescents in egg donation families than in donor insemination families as rated by both mothers and adolescents. There were no differences between family types for the adolescents themselves in terms of adjustment problems, psychological well-being, and self-esteem. Longitudinal analyses showed no differences between family types in negative parenting from age 7 to age 14, and a weaker association between negative parenting and adjustment difficulties for gamete donation than natural conception and surrogacy families. The findings suggest that the absence of a genetic link between mothers and their children is associated with less positive mother-adolescent relationships whereas the absence of a gestational link does not have an adverse effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Ilioi
- Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge
| | - Lucy Blake
- Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge
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Catford SR, McLachlan RI, O'Bryan MK, Halliday JL. Long-term follow-up of intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection-conceived offspring compared with in vitro fertilization-conceived offspring: a systematic review of health outcomes beyond the neonatal period. Andrology 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. R. Catford
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Vic. Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Monash University; Clayton Vic. Australia
- Public Health Genetics; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Parkville Vic. Australia
| | - R. I. McLachlan
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Vic. Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Monash University; Clayton Vic. Australia
- Monash IVF Group Pty Ltd; Richmond Vic. Australia
| | - M. K. O'Bryan
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology; Development and Stem Cell Program of Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute; Monash University; Clayton Vic. Australia
| | - J. L. Halliday
- Public Health Genetics; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Parkville Vic. Australia
- Department of Paediatrics; University of Melbourne; Parkville Vic. Australia
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Barton K, Redshaw M, Quigley MA, Carson C. Unplanned pregnancy and subsequent psychological distress in partnered women: a cross-sectional study of the role of relationship quality and wider social support. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2017; 17:44. [PMID: 28122585 PMCID: PMC5267424 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-017-1223-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research into the impact of unintended pregnancy on the wellbeing of women tends to focus on pregnancies ending in either termination or lone motherhood. Unintended pregnancy is common in partnered women, but little is known about the association between unintended pregnancy and postpartum affective disorders, such as depression and anxiety in this group. Poor relationship quality and lack of social support are considered risk factors for psychological distress (PD). We examined the association between unplanned motherhood and subsequent PD in partnered women, for whom evidence is sparse, accounting for the role of relationship quality and social support. METHODS Data for 12,462 partnered mothers were drawn from the first survey of Millennium Cohort Study, completed at 9 months postpartum. Women reported whether their baby was planned, and how they felt when they discovered that they were pregnant. Pregnancy intention is categorised as "planned", "unplanned/happy", "unplanned/ambivalent" and "unplanned/unhappy". PD was assessed using the modified 9-item Rutter Malaise Inventory. Social support was measured by a composite score for perceived support, and a measure of actual support from friends and family. Relationship quality was assessed using a modified Golombok-Rust Inventory of Marital State. The effect of pregnancy intention on the odds of PD at 9 months was estimated, adjusting for potential confounding factors. All analyses were weighted for response and design effects. RESULTS In total 32.8%(weighted) (4343/12462) of mothers reported an unplanned pregnancy: 23.3 wt% (3087) of mothers felt happy, 3.5 wt% (475) ambivalent, and 6.0 wt% (781) unhappy upon discovery. Unplanned pregnancy was associated with a significantly increased odds of PD compared to planned (OR 1.73 (95%CI: 1.53, 1.95)). This was more pronounced among women who reported negative or ambivalent feelings in early pregnancy (OR 2.72 (95%CI:2.17, 3.41) and 2.56 (95%CI:1.95, 3.34), respectively), than those who reported positive feelings (OR 1.39 (95%CI:1.21, 1.60)). Adjustment for relationship quality, in particular, reduced odds of PD after unplanned pregnancy (e.g. from 2.19 (95%C: 1.74, 2.74) to 1.63 (95% CI: 1.29, 2.07 in the unplanned, unhappy group compared to the planned). CONCLUSIONS A third of partnered mothers reported that their pregnancy was unintended, yet this group is under-researched. Unplanned motherhood was associated with increased risk of PD at 9 months postpartum, particularly among women who felt unhappy or ambivalent at the start. The roles of relationship quality and social support require further investigation, as possible means to intervene and improve maternal wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Barton
- MSc student, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF UK
| | - Maggie Redshaw
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF UK
| | - Maria A. Quigley
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF UK
| | - Claire Carson
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF UK
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Vigoureux S. Épidémiologie de l’interruption volontaire de grossesse en France. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 45:1462-1476. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Stern J, Salih Joelsson L, Tydén T, Berglund A, Ekstrand M, Hegaard H, Aarts C, Rosenblad A, Larsson M, Kristiansson P. Is pregnancy planning associated with background characteristics and pregnancy-planning behavior? Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2015; 95:182-9. [PMID: 26566076 PMCID: PMC4737297 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Prevalence of planned pregnancies varies between countries but is often measured in a dichotomous manner. The aim of this study was to investigate to what level pregnant women had planned their pregnancies and whether pregnancy planning was associated with background characteristics and pregnancy‐planning behavior. Material and methods A cross‐sectional study that utilized the baseline measurements from the Swedish Pregnancy Planning study. Pregnant women (n = 3390) recruited at antenatal clinics answered a questionnaire. Data were analyzed with multinomial logistic regression, Kruskal–Wallis H and chi‐squared tests. Results Three of four pregnancies were very or fairly planned and 12% fairly or very unplanned. Of women with very unplanned pregnancies, 32% had considered an induced abortion. Women with planned pregnancies were more likely to have a higher level of education, higher household income, to be currently working (≥50%) and to have longer relationships than women with unplanned pregnancies. The level of pregnancy planning was associated with planning behavior, such as information‐seeking and intake of folic acid, but without a reduction in alcohol consumption. One‐third of all women took folic acid 1 month prior to conception, 17% used tobacco daily and 11% used alcohol weekly 3 months before conception. Conclusions A majority rated their pregnancy as very or fairly planned, with socio‐economic factors as explanatory variables. The level of pregnancy planning should be queried routinely to enable individualized counseling, especially for women with unplanned pregnancies. Preconception recommendations need to be established and communicated to the public to increase health promoting planning behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Stern
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lana Salih Joelsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Center for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, County Council of Västmanland, Västmanland County Hospital, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Tanja Tydén
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Berglund
- The National Center for Knowledge on Men's Violence against Women, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Ekstrand
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Care Science, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hanne Hegaard
- The Research Unit Women's and Children's Health, The Juliane Marie Center for Women, Children and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Clara Aarts
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andreas Rosenblad
- Center for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, County Council of Västmanland, Västmanland County Hospital, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Margareta Larsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Kristiansson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Coherence of pregnancy planning within couples expecting a child. Midwifery 2015; 31:973-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bahk J, Yun SC, Kim YM, Khang YH. Impact of unintended pregnancy on maternal mental health: a causal analysis using follow up data of the Panel Study on Korean Children (PSKC). BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2015; 15:85. [PMID: 25881099 PMCID: PMC4387588 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-015-0505-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pregnancy intention is important for maternal and child health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the causal relation between pregnancy intention and maternal depression and parenting stress in Korean women who gave birth during 2008. Methods This study is a retrospective evaluation of prospectively collected data from the Panel Study on Korean Children from 2008 to 2010. Causal analyses were conducted using propensity score matching and inverse probability of treatment weighted methods. In addition, mediation analyses were performed to test mitigating effects of marital conflict, fathers’ participation in childcare, and mothers’ knowledge of infant development on the relation between unintended pregnancy and adverse maternal mental health. Results Results showed that the overall effect of an unintended pregnancy on maternal depression and parenting stress was statistically significant. An unintended pregnancy was associated with 20–22% greater odds of maternal depression, 0.28–0.39 greater depression score, and 0.85–1.16 greater parenting stress score. Relations between pregnancy intention and maternal depression, maternal depression score and parenting stress score were moderately explained by marital conflict and fathers’ participation in childcare. Conclusions Unintended pregnancy contributed to increased risks of maternal depression and parenting stress. Efforts to increase fathers’ participation in childcare and decrease marital conflict might be helpful to mitigate adverse impacts of unintended pregnancy on perinatal maternal mental health. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12884-015-0505-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwook Bahk
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea.
| | - Sung-Cheol Yun
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 388-1 Poongnap-2dong Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, South Korea.
| | - Yu-mi Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, 26 Daesingongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 602-715, South Korea.
| | - Young-Ho Khang
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea. .,Department of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea.
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Wellings K, Jones KG, Mercer CH, Tanton C, Clifton S, Datta J, Copas AJ, Erens B, Gibson LJ, Macdowall W, Sonnenberg P, Phelps A, Johnson AM. The prevalence of unplanned pregnancy and associated factors in Britain: findings from the third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3). Lancet 2013; 382:1807-16. [PMID: 24286786 PMCID: PMC3898922 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(13)62071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unplanned pregnancy is a key public health indicator. We describe the prevalence of unplanned pregnancy, and associated factors, in a general population sample in Britain (England, Scotland, and Wales). METHOD We did a probability sample survey, the third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3), of 15,162 men and women aged 16-74 years in Britain, including 5686 women of child-bearing age (16-44 years) who were included in the pregnancy analysis, between Sept 6, 2010, and Aug 31, 2012. We describe the planning status of pregnancies with known outcomes in the past year, and report the annual population prevalence of unplanned pregnancy, using a validated, multicriteria, multi-outcome measure (the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy). We set the findings in the context of secular trends in reproductive health-related events, and patterns across the life course. FINDINGS 9·7% of women aged 16-44 years had pregnancies with known outcome in the year before interview, of which 16·2% (95% CI 13·1-19·9) scored as unplanned, 29·0% (25·2-33·2) as ambivalent, and 54·8% (50·3-59·2) as planned, giving an annual prevalence estimate for unplanned pregnancy of 1·5% (1·2-1·9). Pregnancies in women aged 16-19 years were most commonly unplanned (45·2% [30·8-60·5]). However, most unplanned pregnancies were in women aged 20-34 years (62·4% [50·2-73·2]). Factors strongly associated with unplanned pregnancy were first sexual intercourse before 16 years of age (age-adjusted odds ratio 2·85 [95% CI 1·77-4·57], current smoking (2·47 [1·46-4·18]), recent use of drugs other than cannabis (3·41 [1·64-7·11]), and lower educational attainment. Unplanned pregnancy was also associated with lack of sexual competence at first sexual intercourse (1·90 [1·14-3·08]), reporting higher frequency of sex (2·11 [1·25-3·57] for five or more times in the past 4 weeks), receiving sex education mainly from a non-school-based source (1·84 [1·12-3·00]), and current depression (1·96 [1·10-3·47]). INTERPRETATION The increasing intervals between first sexual intercourse, cohabitation, and childbearing means that, on average, women in Britain spend about 30 years of their life needing to avert an unplanned pregnancy. Our data offer scope for primary prevention aimed at reducing the rate of unplanned conceptions, and secondary prevention aimed at modification of health behaviours and health disorders in unplanned pregnancy that might be harmful for mother and child. FUNDING Grants from the UK Medical Research Council and the Wellcome Trust, with support from the Economic and Social Research Council and the Department of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaye Wellings
- Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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