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Maqdasy S, El Hajjaji FZ, Baptissart M, Viennois E, Oumeddour A, Brugnon F, Trousson A, Tauveron I, Volle D, Lobaccaro JMA, Baron S. Identification of the Functions of Liver X Receptor-β in Sertoli Cells Using a Targeted Expression-Rescue Model. Endocrinology 2015; 156:4545-57. [PMID: 26402841 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) are key regulators of lipid homeostasis and are involved in multiple testicular functions. The Lxrα(-/-);Lxrβ(-/-) mice have illuminated the roles of both isoforms in maintenance of the epithelium in the seminiferous tubules, spermatogenesis, and T production. The requirement for LXRβ in Sertoli cells have been emphasized by early abnormal cholesteryl ester accumulation in the Lxrβ(-/-) and Lxrα(-/-);Lxrβ(-/-) mice. Other phenotypes, such as germ cell loss and hypogonadism, occur later in life in the Lxrα(-/-);Lxrβ(-/-) mice. Thus, LXRβ expression in Sertoli cells seems to be essential for normal testicular physiology. To decipher the roles of LXRβ within the Sertoli cells, we generated Lxrα(-/-);Lxrβ(-/-):AMH-Lxrβ transgenic mice, which reexpress Lxrβ in Sertoli cells in the context of Lxrα(-/-);Lxrβ(-/-) mice. In addition to lipid homeostasis, LXRβ is necessary for maintaining the blood-testis barrier and the integrity of the germ cell epithelium. LXRβ is also implicated in the paracrine action of Sertoli cells on Leydig cells to modulate T synthesis. The Lxrα(-/-);Lxrβ(-/-) and Lxrα(-/-);Lxrβ(-/-):AMH-Lxrβ mice exhibit lipid accumulation in germ cells after the Abcg8 down-regulation, suggesting an intricate LXRβ-dependent cooperation between the Sertoli cells and germ cells to ensure spermiogenesis. Further analysis revealed also peritubular smooth muscle defects (abnormal lipid accumulation and disorganized smooth muscle actin) and spermatozoa stagnation in the seminiferous tubules. Together the present work elucidates specific roles of LXRβ in Sertoli cell physiology in vivo beyond lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwan Maqdasy
- Department of Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD) (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Université Blaise Pascal, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), and Department of Assistance Médicale à la Procréation (F.B.), CECOS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Clermont Ferrand, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Estaing, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.) and INSERM (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6293, GReD, F-63177 Aubiere, France; Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics (E.V.), Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4010; Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.V.), Decatur, Georgia 30033; Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, et Maladies Métaboliques (S.M., I.T.), Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France; and Service de Médecine Nucléaire (S.M.), Centre Jean Perrin, F-63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fatim-Zohra El Hajjaji
- Department of Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD) (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Université Blaise Pascal, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), and Department of Assistance Médicale à la Procréation (F.B.), CECOS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Clermont Ferrand, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Estaing, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.) and INSERM (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6293, GReD, F-63177 Aubiere, France; Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics (E.V.), Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4010; Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.V.), Decatur, Georgia 30033; Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, et Maladies Métaboliques (S.M., I.T.), Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France; and Service de Médecine Nucléaire (S.M.), Centre Jean Perrin, F-63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marine Baptissart
- Department of Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD) (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Université Blaise Pascal, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), and Department of Assistance Médicale à la Procréation (F.B.), CECOS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Clermont Ferrand, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Estaing, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.) and INSERM (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6293, GReD, F-63177 Aubiere, France; Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics (E.V.), Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4010; Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.V.), Decatur, Georgia 30033; Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, et Maladies Métaboliques (S.M., I.T.), Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France; and Service de Médecine Nucléaire (S.M.), Centre Jean Perrin, F-63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Emilie Viennois
- Department of Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD) (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Université Blaise Pascal, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), and Department of Assistance Médicale à la Procréation (F.B.), CECOS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Clermont Ferrand, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Estaing, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.) and INSERM (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6293, GReD, F-63177 Aubiere, France; Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics (E.V.), Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4010; Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.V.), Decatur, Georgia 30033; Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, et Maladies Métaboliques (S.M., I.T.), Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France; and Service de Médecine Nucléaire (S.M.), Centre Jean Perrin, F-63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Abdelkader Oumeddour
- Department of Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD) (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Université Blaise Pascal, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), and Department of Assistance Médicale à la Procréation (F.B.), CECOS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Clermont Ferrand, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Estaing, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.) and INSERM (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6293, GReD, F-63177 Aubiere, France; Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics (E.V.), Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4010; Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.V.), Decatur, Georgia 30033; Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, et Maladies Métaboliques (S.M., I.T.), Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France; and Service de Médecine Nucléaire (S.M.), Centre Jean Perrin, F-63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Florence Brugnon
- Department of Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD) (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Université Blaise Pascal, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), and Department of Assistance Médicale à la Procréation (F.B.), CECOS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Clermont Ferrand, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Estaing, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.) and INSERM (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6293, GReD, F-63177 Aubiere, France; Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics (E.V.), Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4010; Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.V.), Decatur, Georgia 30033; Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, et Maladies Métaboliques (S.M., I.T.), Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France; and Service de Médecine Nucléaire (S.M.), Centre Jean Perrin, F-63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Amalia Trousson
- Department of Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD) (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Université Blaise Pascal, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), and Department of Assistance Médicale à la Procréation (F.B.), CECOS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Clermont Ferrand, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Estaing, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.) and INSERM (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6293, GReD, F-63177 Aubiere, France; Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics (E.V.), Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4010; Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.V.), Decatur, Georgia 30033; Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, et Maladies Métaboliques (S.M., I.T.), Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France; and Service de Médecine Nucléaire (S.M.), Centre Jean Perrin, F-63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Igor Tauveron
- Department of Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD) (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Université Blaise Pascal, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), and Department of Assistance Médicale à la Procréation (F.B.), CECOS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Clermont Ferrand, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Estaing, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.) and INSERM (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6293, GReD, F-63177 Aubiere, France; Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics (E.V.), Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4010; Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.V.), Decatur, Georgia 30033; Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, et Maladies Métaboliques (S.M., I.T.), Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France; and Service de Médecine Nucléaire (S.M.), Centre Jean Perrin, F-63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David Volle
- Department of Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD) (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Université Blaise Pascal, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), and Department of Assistance Médicale à la Procréation (F.B.), CECOS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Clermont Ferrand, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Estaing, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.) and INSERM (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6293, GReD, F-63177 Aubiere, France; Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics (E.V.), Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4010; Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.V.), Decatur, Georgia 30033; Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, et Maladies Métaboliques (S.M., I.T.), Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France; and Service de Médecine Nucléaire (S.M.), Centre Jean Perrin, F-63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Marc A Lobaccaro
- Department of Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD) (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Université Blaise Pascal, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), and Department of Assistance Médicale à la Procréation (F.B.), CECOS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Clermont Ferrand, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Estaing, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.) and INSERM (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6293, GReD, F-63177 Aubiere, France; Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics (E.V.), Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4010; Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.V.), Decatur, Georgia 30033; Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, et Maladies Métaboliques (S.M., I.T.), Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France; and Service de Médecine Nucléaire (S.M.), Centre Jean Perrin, F-63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Silvère Baron
- Department of Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD) (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Université Blaise Pascal, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), and Department of Assistance Médicale à la Procréation (F.B.), CECOS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Clermont Ferrand, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Estaing, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.) and INSERM (S.M., F.-Z.E.H., M.B., A.O., F.B., A.T., I.T., D.V., J.-M.A.L., S.B.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6293, GReD, F-63177 Aubiere, France; Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics (E.V.), Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4010; Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.V.), Decatur, Georgia 30033; Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, et Maladies Métaboliques (S.M., I.T.), Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France; and Service de Médecine Nucléaire (S.M.), Centre Jean Perrin, F-63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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10
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Rouiller-Fabre V, Guerquin MJ, N’Tumba-Byn T, Muczynski V, Moison D, Tourpin S, Messiaen S, Habert R, Livera G. Nuclear receptors and endocrine disruptors in fetal and neonatal testes: a gapped landscape. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:58. [PMID: 25999913 PMCID: PMC4423451 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, many studies reported that male reproductive disorders are increasing among humans. It is currently acknowledged that these abnormalities can result from fetal exposure to environmental chemicals that are progressively becoming more concentrated and widespread in our environment. Among the chemicals present in the environment (air, water, food, and many consumer products), several can act as endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), thus interfering with the endocrine system. Phthalates, bisphenol A (BPA), and diethylstilbestrol (DES) have been largely incriminated, particularly during the fetal and neonatal period, due to their estrogenic and/or anti-androgenic properties. Indeed, many epidemiological and experimental studies have highlighted their deleterious impact on fetal and neonatal testis development. As EDCs can affect many different genomic and non-genomic pathways, the mechanisms underlying the adverse effects of EDC exposure are difficult to elucidate. Using literature data and results from our laboratory, in the present review, we discuss the role of classical nuclear receptors (genomic pathway) in the fetal and neonatal testis response to EDC exposure, particularly to phthalates, BPA, and DES. Among the nuclear receptors, we focused on some of the most likely candidates, such as peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor (PPAR), androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptors (ERα and β), liver X receptors (LXR), and small heterodimer partner (SHP). First, we describe the expression and potential functions (based on data from studies using receptor agonists and mouse knockout models) of these nuclear receptors in the developing testis. Then, for each EDC studied, we summarize the main evidences indicating that the reprotoxic effect of each EDC under study is mediated through a specific nuclear receptor(s). We also point-out the involvement of other receptors and nuclear receptor-independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Rouiller-Fabre
- Unit of Genetic Stability, Stem Cells and Radiation, Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CEA, DSV, iRCM, SCSR, LDG, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Unité 967, INSERM, Fontenay aux Roses, France
- *Correspondence: Virginie Rouiller-Fabre, Unit of Genetic Stability, Stem Cells and Radiation, Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, CEA, DSV, iRCM, SCSR, LDG, BP6, Fontenay aux Roses F-92265, France,
| | - Marie Justine Guerquin
- Unit of Genetic Stability, Stem Cells and Radiation, Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CEA, DSV, iRCM, SCSR, LDG, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Unité 967, INSERM, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Thierry N’Tumba-Byn
- Unit of Genetic Stability, Stem Cells and Radiation, Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CEA, DSV, iRCM, SCSR, LDG, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Unité 967, INSERM, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Vincent Muczynski
- Unit of Genetic Stability, Stem Cells and Radiation, Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CEA, DSV, iRCM, SCSR, LDG, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Unité 967, INSERM, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Delphine Moison
- Unit of Genetic Stability, Stem Cells and Radiation, Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CEA, DSV, iRCM, SCSR, LDG, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Unité 967, INSERM, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Sophie Tourpin
- Unit of Genetic Stability, Stem Cells and Radiation, Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CEA, DSV, iRCM, SCSR, LDG, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Unité 967, INSERM, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Sébastien Messiaen
- Unit of Genetic Stability, Stem Cells and Radiation, Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CEA, DSV, iRCM, SCSR, LDG, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Unité 967, INSERM, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - René Habert
- Unit of Genetic Stability, Stem Cells and Radiation, Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CEA, DSV, iRCM, SCSR, LDG, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Unité 967, INSERM, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Gabriel Livera
- Unit of Genetic Stability, Stem Cells and Radiation, Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CEA, DSV, iRCM, SCSR, LDG, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Unité 967, INSERM, Fontenay aux Roses, France
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