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Xu J, Yang X, Wu C, Chen Z, Dai T. Recombinase Polymerase Amplification-Lateral Flow Dipstick Assay for Rapid Detection of Fusarium circinatum Based on a Newly Identified Unique Target Gene. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:1067-1074. [PMID: 36089688 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-22-0864-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pitch canker caused by the fungus Fusarium circinatum is an important disease affecting pine trees in Europe and South Africa. Several countries, including China, have listed F. circinatum as a quarantine pathogen. Therefore, timely detection of F. circinatum could efficiently prevent its introduction into new areas or facilitate spread management in already infected sites. In this study, a recombinase polymerase amplification-lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LFD) assay was developed for rapid detection of F. circinatum based on a new target gene, Fcir2067, identified from whole-genome sequences. The assay was highly specific to F. circinatum. In fact, it exclusively detected F. circinatum isolates; 53 isolates of fungal and oomycete species and 2 nematodes of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and B. mucronatus were not detected. By detecting as little as 10 pg of F. circinatum genomic DNA in a 50-µl reaction, the RPA-LFD assay was 10 times more sensitive than conventional PCR assays. F. circinatum was also detected in artificially inoculated pine needles of Cedrus deodara. These results demonstrated that the developed RPA-LFD assay has the potential for rapid detection of F. circinatum in regions at high risk of infection. The RPA-LFD assay might serve as an alternative method for the early detection of F. circinatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieying Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Plant and Pest Diagnostic Clinic, Department of Plant Industry, Clemson University, Pendleton, SC, U.S.A
| | - Cuiping Wu
- Animal, Plant and Food Inspection Center, Nanjing Customs, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenpeng Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Dai
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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Vittorelli N, Rodríguez de la Vega RC, Snirc A, Levert E, Gautier V, Lalanne C, De Filippo E, Gladieux P, Guillou S, Zhang Y, Tejomurthula S, Grigoriev IV, Debuchy R, Silar P, Giraud T, Hartmann FE. Stepwise recombination suppression around the mating-type locus in an ascomycete fungus with self-fertile spores. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010347. [PMID: 36763677 PMCID: PMC9949647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombination is often suppressed at sex-determining loci in plants and animals, and at self-incompatibility or mating-type loci in plants and fungi. In fungal ascomycetes, recombination suppression around the mating-type locus is associated with pseudo-homothallism, i.e. the production of self-fertile dikaryotic sexual spores carrying the two opposite mating types. This has been well studied in two species complexes from different families of Sordariales: Podospora anserina and Neurospora tetrasperma. However, it is unclear whether this intriguing association holds in other species. We show here that Schizothecium tetrasporum, a fungus from a third family in the order Sordariales, also produces mostly self-fertile dikaryotic spores carrying the two opposite mating types. This was due to a high frequency of second meiotic division segregation at the mating-type locus, indicating the occurrence of a single and systematic crossing-over event between the mating-type locus and the centromere, as in P. anserina. The mating-type locus has the typical Sordariales organization, plus a MAT1-1-1 pseudogene in the MAT1-2 haplotype. High-quality genome assemblies of opposite mating types and segregation analyses revealed a suppression of recombination in a region of 1.47 Mb around the mating-type locus. We detected three evolutionary strata, indicating a stepwise extension of recombination suppression. The three strata displayed no rearrangement or transposable element accumulation but gene losses and gene disruptions were present, and precisely at the strata margins. Our findings indicate a convergent evolution of self-fertile dikaryotic sexual spores across multiple ascomycete fungi. The particular pattern of meiotic segregation at the mating-type locus was associated with recombination suppression around this locus, that had extended stepwise. This association between pseudo-homothallism and recombination suppression across lineages and the presence of gene disruption at the strata limits are consistent with a recently proposed mechanism of sheltering deleterious alleles to explain stepwise recombination suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Vittorelli
- Ecologie Systematique et Evolution, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Université Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Alodie Snirc
- Ecologie Systematique et Evolution, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Emilie Levert
- Ecologie Systematique et Evolution, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Gautier
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Lalanne
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Elsa De Filippo
- Ecologie Systematique et Evolution, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Gladieux
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Sonia Guillou
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Yu Zhang
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Sravanthi Tejomurthula
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Igor V. Grigoriev
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Robert Debuchy
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Philippe Silar
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Tatiana Giraud
- Ecologie Systematique et Evolution, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Fanny E. Hartmann
- Ecologie Systematique et Evolution, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Characterization of Host-Specific Genes from Pine- and Grass-Associated Species of the Fusarium fujikuroi Species Complex. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080858. [PMID: 36014979 PMCID: PMC9415769 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC) includes socioeconomically important pathogens that cause disease for numerous crops and synthesize a variety of secondary metabolites that can contaminate feedstocks and food. Here, we used comparative genomics to elucidate processes underlying the ability of pine-associated and grass-associated FFSC species to colonize tissues of their respective plant hosts. We characterized the identity, possible functions, evolutionary origins, and chromosomal positions of the host-range-associated genes encoded by the two groups of fungi. The 72 and 47 genes identified as unique to the respective genome groups were potentially involved in diverse processes, ranging from transcription, regulation, and substrate transport through to virulence/pathogenicity. Most genes arose early during the evolution of Fusarium/FFSC and were only subsequently retained in some lineages, while some had origins outside Fusarium. Although differences in the densities of these genes were especially noticeable on the conditionally dispensable chromosome of F. temperatum (representing the grass-associates) and F. circinatum (representing the pine-associates), the host-range-associated genes tended to be located towards the subtelomeric regions of chromosomes. Taken together, these results demonstrate that multiple mechanisms drive the emergence of genes in the grass- and pine-associated FFSC taxa examined. It also highlighted the diversity of the molecular processes potentially underlying niche-specificity in these and other Fusarium species.
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Maphosa MN, Steenkamp ET, Kanzi AM, van Wyk S, De Vos L, Santana QC, Duong TA, Wingfield BD. Intra-Species Genomic Variation in the Pine Pathogen Fusarium circinatum. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8070657. [PMID: 35887414 PMCID: PMC9316270 DOI: 10.3390/jof8070657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium circinatum is an important global pathogen of pine trees. Genome plasticity has been observed in different isolates of the fungus, but no genome comparisons are available. To address this gap, we sequenced and assembled to chromosome level five isolates of F. circinatum. These genomes were analysed together with previously published genomes of F. circinatum isolates, FSP34 and KS17. Multi-sample variant calling identified a total of 461,683 micro variants (SNPs and small indels) and a total of 1828 macro structural variants of which 1717 were copy number variants and 111 were inversions. The variant density was higher on the sub-telomeric regions of chromosomes. Variant annotation revealed that genes involved in transcription, transport, metabolism and transmembrane proteins were overrepresented in gene sets that were affected by high impact variants. A core genome representing genomic elements that were conserved in all the isolates and a non-redundant pangenome representing all genomic elements is presented. Whole genome alignments showed that an average of 93% of the genomic elements were present in all isolates. The results of this study reveal that some genomic elements are not conserved within the isolates and some variants are high impact. The described genome-scale variations will help to inform novel disease management strategies against the pathogen.
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Costa MM, Saleh AA, Melo MP, Guimarães EA, Esele JP, Zeller KA, Summerell BA, Pfenning LH, Leslie JF. Fusarium mirum sp. nov, intertwining Fusarium madaense and Fusarium andiyazi, pathogens of tropical grasses. Fungal Biol 2021; 126:250-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Draft Genome Sequences of Three Fusarium circinatum Isolates Used To Inoculate a Pedigreed Population of Pinus elliottii Seedlings. Microbiol Resour Announc 2020; 9:9/30/e00631-20. [PMID: 32703836 PMCID: PMC7378035 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00631-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we announce the draft genome sequences of three Fusarium circinatum isolates that were used to inoculate slash pines (Pinus elliottii) at the U.S. Forest Service Resistance Screening Center in Asheville, North Carolina. The genomes of these isolates were similar to other publicly available genomes, with average nucleotide identity values of >0.98. Here, we announce the draft genome sequences of three Fusarium circinatum isolates that were used to inoculate slash pines (Pinus elliottii) at the U.S. Forest Service Resistance Screening Center in Asheville, North Carolina. The genomes of these isolates were similar to other publicly available genomes, with average nucleotide identity values of >0.98.
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van Wyk S, Wingfield BD, De Vos L, van der Merwe NA, Santana QC, Steenkamp ET. Repeat-Induced Point Mutations Drive Divergence between Fusarium circinatum and Its Close Relatives. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040298. [PMID: 31847413 PMCID: PMC6963459 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Repeat-Induced Point (RIP) mutation pathway is a fungal-specific genome defense mechanism that counteracts the deleterious effects of transposable elements. This pathway permanently mutates its target sequences by introducing cytosine to thymine transitions. We investigated the genome-wide occurrence of RIP in the pitch canker pathogen, Fusarium circinatum, and its close relatives in the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC). Our results showed that the examined fungi all exhibited hallmarks of RIP, but that they differed in terms of the extent to which their genomes were affected by this pathway. RIP mutations constituted a large proportion of all the FFSC genomes, including both core and dispensable chromosomes, although the latter were generally more extensively affected by RIP. Large RIP-affected genomic regions were also much more gene sparse than the rest of the genome. Our data further showed that RIP-directed sequence diversification increased the variability between homologous regions of related species, and that RIP-affected regions can interfere with homologous recombination during meiosis, thereby contributing to post-mating segregation distortion. Taken together, these findings suggest that RIP can drive the independent divergence of chromosomes, alter chromosome architecture, and contribute to the divergence among F. circinatum and other members of this economically important group of fungi.
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Zhao L, de Hoog S, Hagen F, Kang Y, Al-Hatmi AM. Species borderlines in Fusarium exemplified by F. circinatum/F. subglutinans. Fungal Genet Biol 2019; 132:103262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2019.103262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Fourie A, van der Nest MA, de Vos L, Wingfield MJ, Wingfield BD, Barnes I. QTL mapping of mycelial growth and aggressiveness to distinct hosts in Ceratocystis pathogens. Fungal Genet Biol 2019; 131:103242. [PMID: 31212023 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2019.103242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Some species of Ceratocystis display strong host specificity, such as C. fimbriata sensu stricto that is restricted to sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) as host. In contrast, the closely related C. manginecans, infects Acacia mangium and Mangifera indica but is not pathogenic to I. batatas. Despite the economic importance of these fungi, knowledge regarding the genetic factors that influence their pathogenicity and host specificity is limited. A recent inheritance study, based on an interspecific cross between C. fimbriata and C. manginecans and the resultant 70 F1 progeny, confirmed that traits such as mycelial growth rate, spore production and aggressiveness on A. mangium and I. batatas are regulated by multiple genes. In the present study, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was performed to determine the genomic loci associated with these traits. All 70 progeny isolates were genotyped with SNP markers and a linkage map was constructed. The map contained 467 SNPs, distributed across nine linkage groups, with a total length of 1203 cm. Using the progeny genotypes and phenotypes, one QTL was identified on the linkage map for mycelial growth rate, one for aggressiveness to A. mangium and two for aggressiveness to I. batatas (P < 0.05). Two candidate genes, likely associated with mycelial growth rate, were identified in the QTL region. The three QTLs associated with aggressiveness to different hosts contained candidate genes involved in protein processing, detoxification and regions with effector genes and high transposable element density. The results provide a foundation for studies considering the function of genes regulating various quantitative traits in Ceratocystis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arista Fourie
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Magriet A van der Nest
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Biotechnology Platform, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort 0110 0002, South Africa
| | - Lieschen de Vos
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Michael J Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Brenda D Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Irene Barnes
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
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Wingfield BD, Liu M, Nguyen HDT, Lane FA, Morgan SW, De Vos L, Wilken PM, Duong TA, Aylward J, Coetzee MPA, Dadej K, De Beer ZW, Findlay W, Havenga M, Kolařík M, Menzies JG, Naidoo K, Pochopski O, Shoukouhi P, Santana QC, Seifert KA, Soal N, Steenkamp ET, Tatham CT, van der Nest MA, Wingfield MJ. Nine draft genome sequences of Claviceps purpurea s.lat., including C. arundinis, C. humidiphila, and C. cf. spartinae, pseudomolecules for the pitch canker pathogen Fusarium circinatum, draft genome of Davidsoniella eucalypti, Grosmannia galeiformis, Quambalaria eucalypti, and Teratosphaeria destructans. IMA Fungus 2018; 9:401-418. [PMID: 30622889 PMCID: PMC6317589 DOI: 10.5598/imafungus.2018.09.02.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This genome announcement includes draft genomes from Claviceps purpurea s.lat., including C. arundinis, C. humidiphila and C. cf. spartinae. The draft genomes of Davidsoniella eucalypti, Quambalaria eucalypti and Teratosphaeria destructans, all three important eucalyptus pathogens, are presented. The insect associate Grosmannia galeiformis is also described. The pine pathogen genome of Fusarium circinatum has been assembled into pseudomolecules, based on additional sequence data and by harnessing the known synteny within the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex. This new assembly of the F. circinatum genome provides 12 pseudomolecules that correspond to the haploid chromosome number of F. circinatum. These are comparable to other chromosomal assemblies within the FFSC and will enable more robust genomic comparisons within this species complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda D Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Miao Liu
- Ottawa Research & Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave. Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Hai D T Nguyen
- Ottawa Research & Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave. Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Frances A Lane
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Seamus W Morgan
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Lieschen De Vos
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - P Markus Wilken
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Tuan A Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Janneke Aylward
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Martin P A Coetzee
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Kasia Dadej
- Ottawa Research & Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave. Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Z Wilhelm De Beer
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Wendy Findlay
- Ottawa Research & Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave. Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Minette Havenga
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Miroslav Kolařík
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jim G Menzies
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 101 Route 100, Morden, Manitoba R6M 1Y5, Canada
| | - Kershney Naidoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Olivia Pochopski
- Ottawa Research & Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave. Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Parivash Shoukouhi
- Ottawa Research & Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave. Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Quentin C Santana
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Keith A Seifert
- Ottawa Research & Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave. Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Nicole Soal
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Emma T Steenkamp
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Catherine T Tatham
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Margriet A van der Nest
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Michael J Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
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11
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Van Wyk S, Wingfield BD, De Vos L, Santana QC, Van der Merwe NA, Steenkamp ET. Multiple independent origins for a subtelomeric locus associated with growth rate in Fusarium circinatum. IMA Fungus 2018; 9:27-36. [PMID: 30018870 PMCID: PMC6048564 DOI: 10.5598/imafungus.2018.09.01.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium is a diverse assemblage that includes a large number of species of considerable medical and agricultural importance. Not surprisingly, whole genome sequences for many Fusarium species have been published or are in the process of being determined, the availability of which is invaluable for deciphering the genetic basis of key phenotypic traits. Here we investigated the distribution, genic composition, and evolutionary history of a locus potentially determining growth rate in the pitch canker pathogen F. circinatum. We found that the genomic region underlying this locus is highly conserved amongst F. circinatum and its close relatives, except for the presence of a 12 000 base pair insertion in all of the examined isolates of F. circinatum. This insertion encodes for five genes and our phylogenetic analyses revealed that each was most likely acquired through horizontal gene transfer from polyphyletic origins. Our data further showed that this region is located in a region low in G+C content and enriched for repetitive sequences and transposable elements, which is situated near the telomere of Chromosome 3 of F. circinatum. As have been shown for other fungi, these findings thus suggest that the emergence of the unique 12 000 bp region in F. circinatum is linked to the dynamic evolutionary processes associated with subtelomeres that, in turn, have been implicated in the ecological adaptation of fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Van Wyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Brenda D Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Lieschen De Vos
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Quentin C Santana
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Nicolaas A Van der Merwe
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Emma T Steenkamp
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
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Wingfield BD, Barnes I, Wilhelm de Beer Z, De Vos L, Duong TA, Kanzi AM, Naidoo K, Nguyen HD, Santana QC, Sayari M, Seifert KA, Steenkamp ET, Trollip C, van der Merwe NA, van der Nest MA, Markus Wilken P, Wingfield MJ. IMA Genome-F 5: Draft genome sequences of Ceratocystis eucalypticola, Chrysoporthe cubensis, C. deuterocubensis, Davidsoniella virescens, Fusarium temperatum,Graphilbum fragrans, Penicillium nordicum, and Thielaviopsis musarum. IMA Fungus 2015; 6:493-506. [PMID: 26734552 PMCID: PMC4681265 DOI: 10.5598/imafungus.2015.06.02.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The genomes of Ceratocystis eucalypticola, Chrysoporthe cubensis, Chrysoporthe deuterocubensis, Davidsoniella virescens, Fusarium temperatum, Graphilbum fragrans, Penicillium nordicum and Thielaviopsis musarum are presented in this genome announcement. These seven genomes are from plant pathogens and otherwise economically important fungal species. The genome sizes range from 28 Mb in the case of T. musarum to 45 Mb for Fusarium temperatum. These genomes include the first reports of genomes for the genera Davidsoniella, Graphilbum and Thielaviopsis. The availability of these genome data will provide opportunities to resolve longstanding questions regarding the taxonomy of species in these genera. In addition these genome sequences through comparative studies with closely related organisms will increase our understanding of how these pathogens cause disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda D. Wingfield
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
| | - Irene Barnes
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
| | - Z. Wilhelm de Beer
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
| | - Lieschen De Vos
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
| | - Tuan A. Duong
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
| | - Aquillah M. Kanzi
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
| | - Kershney Naidoo
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
| | - Hai D.T. Nguyen
- Biodiversity (Mycology), Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Quentin C. Santana
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
| | - Mohammad Sayari
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
| | - Keith A. Seifert
- Biodiversity (Mycology), Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Emma T. Steenkamp
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
| | - Conrad Trollip
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
| | - Nicolaas A. van der Merwe
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
| | - Magriet A. van der Nest
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
| | - P. Markus Wilken
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
| | - Michael J. Wingfield
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028 South Africa
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De Vos L, Steenkamp ET, Martin SH, Santana QC, Fourie G, van der Merwe NA, Wingfield MJ, Wingfield BD. Genome-wide macrosynteny among Fusarium species in the Gibberella fujikuroi complex revealed by amplified fragment length polymorphisms. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114682. [PMID: 25486277 PMCID: PMC4259476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Gibberella fujikuroi complex includes many Fusarium species that cause significant losses in yield and quality of agricultural and forestry crops. Due to their economic importance, whole-genome sequence information has rapidly become available for species including Fusarium circinatum, Fusarium fujikuroi and Fusarium verticillioides, each of which represent one of the three main clades known in this complex. However, no previous studies have explored the genomic commonalities and differences among these fungi. In this study, a previously completed genetic linkage map for an interspecific cross between Fusarium temperatum and F. circinatum, together with genomic sequence data, was utilized to consider the level of synteny between the three Fusarium genomes. Regions that are homologous amongst the Fusarium genomes examined were identified using in silico and pyrosequenced amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fragment analyses. Homology was determined using BLAST analysis of the sequences, with 777 homologous regions aligned to F. fujikuroi and F. verticillioides. This also made it possible to assign the linkage groups from the interspecific cross to their corresponding chromosomes in F. verticillioides and F. fujikuroi, as well as to assign two previously unmapped supercontigs of F. verticillioides to probable chromosomal locations. We further found evidence of a reciprocal translocation between the distal ends of chromosome 8 and 11, which apparently originated before the divergence of F. circinatum and F. temperatum. Overall, a remarkable level of macrosynteny was observed among the three Fusarium genomes, when comparing AFLP fragments. This study not only demonstrates how in silico AFLPs can aid in the integration of a genetic linkage map to the physical genome, but it also highlights the benefits of using this tool to study genomic synteny and architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieschen De Vos
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Emma T Steenkamp
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Simon H Martin
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Quentin C Santana
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Gerda Fourie
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nicolaas A van der Merwe
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Michael J Wingfield
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Brenda D Wingfield
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, South Africa
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Transmission ratio distortion in an interspecific cross between Fusarium circinatum and Fusarium subglutinans. Genes Genomics 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-013-0066-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Foulongne-Oriol M. Genetic linkage mapping in fungi: current state, applications, and future trends. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 95:891-904. [PMID: 22743715 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4228-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Genetic mapping is a basic tool for eukaryotic genomic research. Linkage maps provide insights into genome organization and can be used for genetic studies of traits of interest. A genetic linkage map is a suitable support for the anchoring of whole genome sequences. It allows the localization of genes of interest or quantitative trait loci (QTL) and map-based cloning. While genetic mapping has been extensively used in plant or animal models, this discipline is more recent in fungi. The present article reviews the current status of genetic linkage map research in fungal species. The process of linkage mapping is detailed, from the development of mapping populations to the construction of the final linkage map, and illustrated based on practical examples. The range of specific applications in fungi is browsed, such as the mapping of virulence genes in pathogenic species or the mapping of agronomically relevant QTL in cultivated edible mushrooms. Future prospects are finally discussed in the context of the most recent advances in molecular techniques and the release of numerous fungal genome sequences.
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Wingfield BD, Steenkamp ET, Santana QC, Coetzee MP, Bam S, Barnes I, Beukes CW, Chan WY, De Vos L, Fourie G, Friend M, Gordon TR, Herron DA, Holt C, Korf I, Kvas M, Martin SH, Mlonyeni XO, Naidoo K, Phasha MM, Postma A, Reva O, Roos H, Simpson M, Slinski S, Slippers B, Sutherland R, Van der Merwe NA, Van der Nest MA, Venter SN, Wilken PM, Yandell M, Zipfel R, Wingfield MJ. First fungal genome sequence from Africa: A preliminary analysis. S AFR J SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.4102/sajs.v108i1/2.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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17
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De Vos L, van der Nest MA, van der Merwe NA, Myburg AA, Wingfield MJ, Wingfield BD. Genetic analysis of growth, morphology and pathogenicity in the F(1) progeny of an interspecific cross between Fusarium circinatum and Fusarium subglutinans. Fungal Biol 2011; 115:902-8. [PMID: 21872187 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium circinatum and Fusarium subglutinans are two distinct species in the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex. A genetic linkage map produced from an interspecific cross between these species was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with variation in mycelial growth and morphology of colony margins (CMs) in the 94 F(1) progeny. Mycelial growth was assessed by measuring culture size at 25°C and 30°C, while CM morphology was characterized in the parents and assessed in their F(1) progeny. In order to test the pathogenicity of the progeny, Pinus patula seedlings were inoculated and lesion lengths were measured after 3weeks. Seven putative QTLs were associated with mycelial growth, three for growth at 25°C and four at 30°C. One highly significant QTL (P<0.001) was present at both growth temperatures. For CM morphology, a QTL was identified at the same position (P<0.001) as the QTL responsible for growth at the two temperatures. The putative QTLs accounted for 45 and 41% of the total mycelial growth variation at 25°C and 30°C, respectively, and for 21% of the variation in CM morphology. Only one of the 94 F(1) progeny was pathogenic on P. patula seedlings. This observation could be explained by the genetic constitution of this F(1) isolate, namely that ∼96% of its genome originated from the F. circinatum parent. This F(1) individual also grew significantly faster at 25°C than the F. circinatum parent (P<0.05), as well as more rapidly than the average growth for the remaining 93 F(1) progeny (P<0.05). However, no association was found between mycelial growth and pathogenicity at 25°C. The highly significant QTL associated with growth at two temperatures, suggests that this is a principal genomic region involved in mycelial growth at both temperatures, and that the same region is also responsible for CM morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieschen De Vos
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Hillcrest, South Africa.
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18
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Zhang Y, Xu P, Lu C, Kuang Y, Zhang X, Cao D, Li C, Chang Y, Hou N, Li H, Wang S, Sun X. Genetic linkage mapping and analysis of muscle fiber-related QTLs in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2011; 13:376-392. [PMID: 20886255 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-010-9307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A genetic linkage map of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) was constructed using Type I and Type II microsatellite markers and a pseudo-testcross mapping strategy. The microsatellite markers were isolated from microsatellite-enriched genomic libraries and tested for their segregation in a full-sib mapping panel containing 92 individuals. A total of 161 microsatellite loci were mapped into 54 linkage groups. The total lengths of the female, male and consensus maps were 2,000, 946, and 1,852 cM, with an average marker spacing of approximately 13, 7, and 11 cM, respectively. Muscle fiber-related traits, including muscle fiber cross-section area and muscle fiber density, were mapped to the genetic map. Three QTLs for muscle fiber cross-section area and two QTLs for muscle fiber density were identified when considering both significant and suggestive QTL effects. The QTLs with largest effects for muscle fiber cross-section area and muscle fiber density were 21.9% and 18.9%, and they were located in LG3, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- The Centre for Applied Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China
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Iturritxa E, Ganley RJ, Wright J, Heppe E, Steenkamp ET, Gordon TR, Wingfield MJ. A genetically homogenous population of Fusarium circinatum causes pitch canker of Pinus radiata in the Basque Country, Spain. Fungal Biol 2011; 115:288-95. [PMID: 21354535 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2010.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pitch canker, caused by Fusarium circinatum, is a destructive disease of Pinus species and has recently been shown to represent a substantial threat to natural and commercial forests in northern Spain. The genetic diversity of F. circinatum in the Basque Country of Spain was assessed by characterising 96 isolates based on vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs), mating type assays, polymorphic DNA-markers and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analyses. For this purpose, F. circinatum isolates were collected from diseased Pinus radiata as well as from insects associated with this host. Overall, a low level of diversity was detected in the population. The isolates represented only two VCGs and they were all of the same mating type. AFLP analyses revealed three genotypes and polymorphic DNA-markers specific for F. circinatum showed nine genotypes. The most common genotypes represented 97% of all isolates for AFLP analysis and 68% of isolates for the polymorphic DNA-marker sets. Over all, this indicates that pitch canker in the Basque Country of Spain is caused by a clonally propagating population of F. circinatum, typical of a recently introduced pathogen.
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Kubisiak TL, Anderson CL, Amerson HV, Smith JA, Davis JM, Nelson CD. A genomic map enriched for markers linked to Avr1 in Cronartium quercuum f.sp. fusiforme. Fungal Genet Biol 2010; 48:266-74. [PMID: 20888926 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2010.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach is presented to map avirulence gene Avr1 in the basidiomycete Cronartium quercuum f.sp. fusiforme, the causal agent of fusiform rust disease in pines. DNA markers tightly linked to resistance gene Fr1 in loblolly pine tree 10-5 were used to classify 10-5 seedling progeny as either resistant or susceptible. A single dikaryotic isolate (P2) heterozygous at the corresponding Avr1 gene was developed by crossing Fr1 avirulent isolate SC20-21 with Fr1 virulent isolate NC2-40. Bulk basidiospore inoculum derived from isolate P2 was used to challenge the pine progeny. The ability to unambiguously marker classify 10-5 progeny as resistant (selecting for virulence) or susceptible (non-selecting) permitted the genetic mapping of the corresponding Avr1 gene by bulked segregant analysis. Using this approach, 14 genetic markers significantly linked to Avr1 were identified and placed within the context of a genome-wide linkage map produced for isolate P2 using samples from susceptible seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Kubisiak
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Southern Institute of Forest Genetics, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 23332 Success Road, Saucier, MS 39574, USA.
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21
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Molecular Characterization of Fusarium globosum Strains from South African Maize and Japanese Wheat. Mycopathologia 2010; 170:237-49. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-010-9318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Foulongne-Oriol M, Spataro C, Cathalot V, Monllor S, Savoie JM. An expanded genetic linkage map of an intervarietal Agaricus bisporus var. bisporusxA. bisporus var. burnettii hybrid based on AFLP, SSR and CAPS markers sheds light on the recombination behaviour of the species. Fungal Genet Biol 2009; 47:226-36. [PMID: 20026415 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2009.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A genetic linkage map for the edible basidiomycete Agaricus bisporus was constructed from 118 haploid homokaryons derived from an intervarietal A. bisporus var. bisporus x A. bisporus var. burnettii hybrid. Two hundred and thirty-one AFLP, 21 SSR, 68 CAPS markers together with the MAT, BSN, PPC1 loci and one allozyme locus (ADH) were evenly spread over 13 linkage groups corresponding to the chromosomes of A. bisporus. The map covers 1156cM, with an average marker spacing of 3.9cM and encompasses nearly the whole genome. The average number of crossovers per chromosome per individual is 0.86. Normal recombination over the entire genome occurs in the heterothallic variety, burnettii, contrary to the homothallic variety, bisporus, which showed adaptive genome-wide suppressed recombination. This first comprehensive genetic linkage map for A. bisporus provides foundations for quantitative trait analyses and breeding programme monitoring, as well as genome organisation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Foulongne-Oriol
- Mycologie et Sécurité des Aliments, INRA, Centre de Recherche Bordeaux-Aquitaine, Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France.
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Xu X, Roberts T, Barbara D, Harvey NG, Gao L, Sargent DJ. A genetic linkage map of Venturia inaequalis, the causal agent of apple scab. BMC Res Notes 2009; 2:163. [PMID: 19689797 PMCID: PMC2732633 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-2-163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Venturia inaequalis is an economically-important disease of apple causing annual epidemics of scab worldwide. The pathogen is a heterothallic ascomycete with an annual cycle of sexual reproduction on infected apple leaf litter, followed by several cycles of asexual reproduction during the apple growing season. Current disease control is achieved mainly through scheduled applications of fungicides. Genetic linkage maps are essential for studying genome structure and organisation, and are a valuable tool for identifying the location of genes controlling important traits of interest such as avirulence, host specificity and mating type in V. inaequalis. In this study, we performed a wide cross under in vitro conditions between an isolate of V. inaequalis from China and one from the UK to obtain a genetically diverse mapping population of ascospore progeny isolates and produced a map using AFLP and microsatellite (SSR) markers. FINDINGS Eighty-three progeny were obtained from the cross between isolates C0154 (China) x 01/213 (UK). The progeny was screened with 18 AFLP primer combinations and 31 SSRs, and scored for the mating type locus MAT. A linkage map was constructed consisting of 294 markers (283 AFLPs, ten SSRs and the MAT locus), spanning eleven linkage groups and with a total map length of 1106 cM. The length of individual linkage groups ranged from 30.4 cM (Vi-11) to 166 cM (Vi-1). The number of molecular markers per linkage group ranged from 7 on Vi-11 to 48 on Vi-3; the average distance between two loci within each group varied from 2.4 cM (Vi-4) to 7.5 cM (Vi-9). The maximum map length between two markers within a linkage group was 15.8 cM. The MAT locus was mapped to a small linkage group and was tightly linked to two AFLP markers. The map presented is over four times longer than the previously published map of V. inaequalis which had a total genetic distance of just 270 cM. CONCLUSION A genetic linkage map is an important tool for investigating the genetics of important traits in V. inaequalis such as virulence factors, aggressiveness and mating type. The linkage map presented here represents a significant improvement over currently published maps for studying genome structure and organisation, and for mapping genes of economic importance on the V. inaequalis genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangming Xu
- East Malling Research, New Road, East Malling, ME19 6BJ, UK
| | - Tony Roberts
- East Malling Research, New Road, East Malling, ME19 6BJ, UK
| | - Dez Barbara
- Warwick HRI, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne, Warwick, CV35 9EF, UK
| | - Nick G Harvey
- East Malling Research, New Road, East Malling, ME19 6BJ, UK
| | - Liqiang Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, PR China
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van der Nest MA, Slippers B, Steenkamp ET, De Vos L, Van Zyl K, Stenlid J, Wingfield MJ, Wingfield BD. Genetic linkage map for Amylostereum areolatum reveals an association between vegetative growth and sexual and self-recognition. Fungal Genet Biol 2009; 46:632-41. [PMID: 19523529 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2009.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2008] [Revised: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Amylostereum areolatum is a filamentous fungus that grows through tip extension, branching and hyphal fusion. In the homokaryotic phase, the hyphae of different individuals are capable of fusing followed by heterokaryon formation, only if they have dissimilar allelic specificities at their mating-type (mat) loci. In turn, hyphal fusion between heterokaryons persists only when they share the same alleles at all of their heterokaryon incompatibility (het) loci. In this study we present the first genetic linkage map for A. areolatum, onto which the mat and het loci, as well as quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for mycelial growth rate are mapped. The recognition loci (mat-A and het-A) are positioned near QTLs associated with mycelial growth, suggesting that the genetic determinants influencing recognition and growth rate in A. areolatum are closely associated. This was confirmed when isolates associated with specific mat and het loci displayed significantly different mycelial growth rates. Although the link between growth and sexual recognition has previously been observed in other fungi, this is the first time that an association between growth and self-recognition has been shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A van der Nest
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
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van Berloo R. GGT 2.0: versatile software for visualization and analysis of genetic data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 99:232-6. [PMID: 18222930 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esm109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Ever since its first release in 1999, the free software package for visualization of molecular marker data, graphical genotype (GGT), has been constantly adapted and improved. The GGT package was developed in a plant-breeding context and thus focuses on plant genetic data but was not intended to be limited to plants only. The current version has many options for genetic analysis of populations including diversity analyses and simple association studies. A second release of the GGT package, GGT 2.0 (available through http://www.plantbreeding.wur.nl), is therefore presented in this paper. An overview of existing and new features that are available within GGT 2.0, and a case study in which GGT 2.0 is applied to analyze an existing set of plant genetic data, are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph van Berloo
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Wageningen University, PO Box 386, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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