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Chauhan D, Yadav PK, Sultana N, Agarwal A, Verma S, Chourasia MK, Gayen JR. Advancements in nanotechnology for the delivery of phytochemicals. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024; 22:385-398. [PMID: 38693014 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Phytosomes (phytophospholipid complex) are dosage forms that have recently been introduced to increase the stability and therapeutic effect of herbal medicine. Currently, bioactive herbs and the phytochemicals they contain are considered to be the best remedies for chronic diseases. One promising approach to increase the efficacy of plant-based therapies is to improve the stability and bioavailability of their bio-active ingredients. Phytosomes employ phospholipids as their active ingredients, and use their amphiphilic properties to solubilize and protect herbal extracts. The unique properties of phospholipids in drug delivery and their use in herbal medicines to improve bioavailability results in significantly enhanced health benefits. The introduction of phytosome nanotechnology can alter and revolutionize the current state of drug delivery. The goal of this review is to explain the application of phytosomes, their future prospects in drug delivery, and their advantages over conventional formulations. Please cite this article as: Chauhan D, Yadav PK, Sultana N, Agarwal A, Verma S, Chourasia MK, Gayen JR. Advancements in nanotechnology for the delivery of phytochemicals. J Integr Med. 2024; 22(4): 385-398.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Chauhan
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pavan K Yadav
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nazneen Sultana
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arun Agarwal
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saurabh Verma
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manish K Chourasia
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Chen S, Pan H. Vesicle delivery systems of functional substances for precision nutrition. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2024; 112:347-383. [PMID: 39218506 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Vesicular delivery systems are highly ordered assemblies consisting of one or more concentric bilayers formed by the self-assembly of amphiphilic building blocks in the presence of water. In the field of functional food, vesicular delivery systems have been widely explored for effective formulations to deliver functional substances. With the effort of scientific research, certain categories of vesicular delivery systems have successfully been translated from the laboratory to the global market of functional food. This chapter aims to present comprehensively the various vesicular delivery systems, including their design, preparation methods, encapsulation of functional substances, and application in nutritional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiguo Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.
| | - Haibo Pan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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Toma L, Deleanu M, Sanda GM, Barbălată T, Niculescu LŞ, Sima AV, Stancu CS. Bioactive Compounds Formulated in Phytosomes Administered as Complementary Therapy for Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4162. [PMID: 38673748 PMCID: PMC11049841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders (MDs), including dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity and cardiovascular diseases are a significant threat to human health, despite the many therapies developed for their treatment. Different classes of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and triterpenes have shown therapeutic potential in ameliorating various disorders. Most of these compounds present low bioavailability when administered orally, being rapidly metabolized in the digestive tract and liver which makes their metabolites less effective. Moreover, some of the bioactive compounds cannot fully exert their beneficial properties due to the low solubility and complex chemical structure which impede the passive diffusion through the intestinal cell membranes. To overcome these limitations, an innovative delivery system of phytosomes was developed. This review aims to highlight the scientific evidence proving the enhanced therapeutic benefits of the bioactive compounds formulated in phytosomes compared to the free compounds. The existing knowledge concerning the phytosomes' preparation, their characterization and bioavailability as well as the commercially available phytosomes with therapeutic potential to alleviate MDs are concisely depicted. This review brings arguments to encourage the use of phytosome formulation to diminish risk factors inducing MDs, or to treat the already installed diseases as complementary therapy to allopathic medication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Camelia Sorina Stancu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 8 B.P. Haşdeu Street, 050568 Bucharest, Romania; (L.T.); (M.D.); (G.M.S.); (T.B.); (L.Ş.N.); (A.V.S.)
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Sharma S, Anand A, Taneja S, Sharma V, Bhatia A, Patil AN, Banerjee D. Pharmacokinetic assessment of rifampicin and des-acetyl rifampicin in carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury model in Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024; 21:38-45. [PMID: 38140744 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2023-0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Preclinical evidence is needed to assess drug-metabolite behaviour in compromised liver function for developing the best antitubercular treatment (ATT) re-introduction regimen in drug-induced liver injury (DILI). The pharmacokinetic behavior of rifampicin (RMP) and its active metabolite des-acetyl-rifampicin (DARP) in DILI's presence is unknown. To study the pharmacokinetic behavior of RMP and DARP in the presence of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) plus ATT-DILI in rats. METHODS Thirty rats used in the experiment were divided equally into six groups. We administered a single 0.5 mL/kg CCl4 intraperitoneal injection in all rats. Groups II, III, IV, and V were started on daily oral RMP alone, RMP plus isoniazid (INH), RMP plus pyrazinamide (PZA), and the three drugs INH, RMP, and PZA together, respectively, for 21-days subsequently. Pharmacokinetic (PK) sampling was performed at 0, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h post-dosing on day 20. We monitored LFT at baseline on days-1, 7, and 21 and sacrificed the rats on the last day of the experiment. RESULTS ATT treatment sustained the CCl4-induced liver injury changes. A significant rise in mean total bilirubin levels was observed in groups administered rifampicin. The triple drug combination group demonstrated 1.43- and 1.84-times higher area-under-the-curve values of RMP (234.56±30.66 vs. 163.55±36.14 µg h/mL) and DARP (16.15±4.50 vs. 8.75±2.79 µg h/mL) compared to RMP alone group. Histological and oxidative stress changes supported underlying liver injury and PK alterations. CONCLUSIONS RMP metabolism inhibition by PZA, more than isoniazid, was well preserved in the presence of underlying liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sharma
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Aishwarya Anand
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sunil Taneja
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Amol N Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Dibyajyoti Banerjee
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Sharma S, Sharma V, Taneja S, Alka Bhatia, Anand A, Patil AN, Banerjee D. Scopoletin a potential phytochemical therapy for antitubercular treatment drug induced liver injury (ATT-DILI) model in Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 20:797-803. [PMID: 37732506 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2023-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The hepatoprotective properties of scopoletin have been explored in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver injury but not in drug-induced liver injury (DILI) scenarios. Only N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) has proven efficacy in DILI treatment. Accordingly, we conducted a study to assess the hepatoprotective action of scopoletin in the anti-tubercular treatment (ATT)-DILI model in Wistar rats, if any. METHODS A total of 36 rats were evaluated, with six in each group. A 36-day ATT at 100 mg/kg dose for isoniazid, 300 mg/kg for rifampicin and 700 mg/kg for pyrazinamide were fed to induce hepatotoxicity in rats. Group I and II-VI received normal saline and ATT, respectively. Oral scopoletin (1,5 and 10 mg/kg) and NAC 150 mg/kg were administered in groups III, IV, V and VI, respectively, once daily for the last 15 days of the experiment. LFT monitoring was performed at baseline, days 21, 28, and 36. Rats were sacrificed for the histopathology examination. RESULTS Aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin levels were significantly increased in group II (receiving ATT) compared to normal control on day 28 and day 36 (p<0.05). All three doses of scopoletin and NAC groups led to the resolution of AST, ALT, ALP, and bilirubin changes induced by ATT medications effect beginning by day 28 and persisting on day 36 (p<0.01). An insignificant effect was observed on albumin and total protein levels. The effect was confirmed with antioxidants and histopathology analysis. CONCLUSIONS The study confirms the hepatoprotective efficacy of scopoletin in a more robust commonly encountered liver injury etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sharma
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sunil Taneja
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Aishwarya Anand
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Amol N Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Dibyajyoti Banerjee
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Saber TM, Abo-Elmaaty AMA, Said EN, Beheiry RR, Moselhy AAA, Abdelgawad FE, Arisha MH, Saber T, Arisha AH, Fahmy EM. Alhagi maurorum Ethanolic Extract Rescues Hepato-Neurotoxicity and Neurobehavioral Alterations Induced by Lead in Rats via Abrogating Oxidative Stress and the Caspase-3-Dependent Apoptotic Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1992. [PMID: 36290715 PMCID: PMC9598489 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This work investigated the probable protective effect of an Alhagi maurorum ethanolic extract on the hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity accompanied by neurobehavioral deficits caused by lead in rats. Rats in four groups were orally administered distilled water, ethanolic extract of A. maurorum (300 mg/kg BW daily), lead (100 mg/kg BW daily for 3 months), and lead + A. maurorum extract. The results demonstrated that lead exposure resulted in elevated locomotor activities and sensorimotor deficits associated with a decrease in brain dopamine levels. Moreover, lead exposure significantly increased liver function markers. In addition, the lead-treated rats exhibited extensive liver and brain histological changes and apoptosis. The lead treatment also triggered oxidative stress, as demonstrated by the increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations with a remarkable reduction in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and transcriptional mRNA levels of antioxidant genes in the liver and brain. Nevertheless, co-treatment with the A. maurorum extract significantly ameliorated the lead-induced toxic effects. These findings indicate that the A. maurorum extract has the ability to protect hepatic and brain tissues against lead exposure in rats through the attenuation of apoptosis and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghred M. Saber
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Azza M. A. Abo-Elmaaty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Enas N. Said
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Rasha R. Beheiry
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Attia A. A. Moselhy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Fathy Elsayed Abdelgawad
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, P.O. Box 170, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariam H. Arisha
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Taisir Saber
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Hamed Arisha
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo 11829, Egypt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Esraa M. Fahmy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Teja PK, Mithiya J, Kate AS, Bairwa K, Chauthe SK. Herbal nanomedicines: Recent advancements, challenges, opportunities and regulatory overview. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:153890. [PMID: 35026510 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbal Nano Medicines (HNMs) are nano-sized medicine containing herbal drugs as extracts, enriched fractions or biomarker constituents. HNMs have certain advantages because of their increased bioavailability and reduced toxicities. There are very few literature reports that address the common challenges of herbal nanoformulations, such as selecting the type/class of nanoformulation for an extract or a phytochemical, selection and optimisation of preparation method and physicochemical parameters. Although researchers have shown more interest in this field in the last decade, there is still an urgent need for systematic analysis of HNMs. PURPOSE This review aims to provide the recent advancement in various herbal nanomedicines like polymeric herbal nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, phytosomes, nano-micelles, self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system, nanofibers, liposomes, dendrimers, ethosomes, nanoemulsion, nanosuspension, and carbon nanotube; their evaluation parameters, challenges, and opportunities. Additionally, regulatory aspects and future perspectives of herbal nanomedicines are also being covered to some extent. METHODS The scientific data provided in this review article are retrieved by a thorough analysis of numerous research and review articles, textbooks, and patents searched using the electronic search tools like Sci-Finder, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Elsevier, Google Scholar, ACS, Medline Plus and Web of Science. RESULTS In this review, the authors suggested the suitability of nanoformulation for a particular type of extracts or enriched fraction of phytoconstituents based on their solubility and permeability profile (similar to the BCS class of drugs). This review focuses on different strategies for optimising preparation methods for various HNMs to ensure reproducibility in context with all the physicochemical parameters like particle size, surface area, zeta potential, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, drug loading, and drug release, along with the consistent therapeutic index. CONCLUSION A combination of herbal medicine with nanotechnology can be an essential tool for the advancement of herbal medicine research with enhanced bioavailability and fewer toxicities. Despite the challenges related to traditional medicine's safe and effective use, there is huge scope for nanotechnology-based herbal medicines. Overall, it is well stabilized that herbal nanomedicines are safer, have higher bioavailability, and have enhanced therapeutic value than conventional herbal and synthetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parusu Kavya Teja
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Jinal Mithiya
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Abhijeet S Kate
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Khemraj Bairwa
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India..
| | - Siddheshwar K Chauthe
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India..
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Gupta MK, Sansare V, Shrivastava B, Jadhav S, Gurav P. Comprehensive review on use of phospholipid based vesicles for phytoactive delivery. J Liposome Res 2021; 32:211-223. [PMID: 34727833 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2021.1968430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived phytoconstituents are well known for their therapeutic potential. It has been experimentally demonstrated that whole-plant extract or isolated phytoconstituents reveal various therapeutic potentials like hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, antitumor, antioxidant, skin protectives, etc. Although these phytoconstituents have potential therapeutic benefits, their use is limited due to their poor bioavailability, stability in biological fluids, and authentication issues. These continue to be an open problem that affects the application of these valuable ancient herbal herbs in the effective treatment and management of various disease conditions. A potential solution to these difficult problems could be the loading of phytoactives in phospholipid-based vesicular systems. Phospholipid-based vesicles like liposomes, phytosomes, ethosomes as well as transfersomes were effectively utilized recently to solve drawbacks and for effective delivery of phytoactives. Several landmark studies observed better therapeutic efficacy of phytoactive loaded vesicles compared to conventional drug delivery. Thus phospholipid-based vesicles mediated phytoactive delivery is a recently developed promising and attractive strategy for better therapeutic control on disease conditions. The present short review highlights recent advances in herbal bioactive loaded phospholipid-based vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Gupta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, India
| | - Vipul Sansare
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, India
| | | | - Santosh Jadhav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVPM'S College of Pharmacy, Malegaon, India
| | - Prashant Gurav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Indira Institute of Pharmacy, Sadavali, India
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Barani M, Sangiovanni E, Angarano M, Rajizadeh MA, Mehrabani M, Piazza S, Gangadharappa HV, Pardakhty A, Mehrbani M, Dell’Agli M, Nematollahi MH. Phytosomes as Innovative Delivery Systems for Phytochemicals: A Comprehensive Review of Literature. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:6983-7022. [PMID: 34703224 PMCID: PMC8527653 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s318416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, medicinal herbs and their phytochemicals have emerged as a great therapeutic option for many disorders. However, poor bioavailability and selectivity might limit their clinical application. Therefore, bioavailability is considered a notable challenge to improve bio-efficacy in transporting dietary phytochemicals. Different methods have been proposed for generating effective carrier systems to enhance the bioavailability of phytochemicals. Among them, nano-vesicles have been introduced as promising candidates for the delivery of insoluble phytochemicals. Due to the easy preparation of the bilayer vesicles and their adaptability, they have been widely used and approved by the scientific literature. The first part of the review is focused on introducing phytosome technology as well as its applications, with emphasis on principles of formulations and characterization. The second part provides a wide overview of biological activities of commercial and non-commercial phytosomes, divided by systems and related pathologies. These results confirm the greater effectiveness of phytosomes, both in terms of biological activity or reduced dosage, highlighting curcumin and silymarin as the most formulated compounds. Finally, we describe the promising clinical and experimental findings regarding the applications of phytosomes. The conclusion of this study encourages the researchers to transfer their knowledge from laboratories to market, for a further development of these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Barani
- Medical Mycology and Bacteriology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 76169-13555, Iran
| | - Enrico Sangiovanni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Marco Angarano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | | | - Mehrnaz Mehrabani
- Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Stefano Piazza
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | | | - Abbas Pardakhty
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Mehrbani
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mario Dell’Agli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Mohammad Hadi Nematollahi
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Chopra B, Dhingra AK. Natural products: A lead for drug discovery and development. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4660-4702. [PMID: 33847440 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Natural products are used since ancient times in folklore for the treatment of various ailments. Plant-derived products have been recognized for many years as a source of therapeutic agents and structural diversity. A literature survey has been carried out to determine the utility of natural molecules and their modified analogs or derivatives as pharmacological active entities. This review presents a study on the importance of natural products in terms of drug discovery and development. It describes how the natural components can be utilized after small modifications in new perspectives. Various new modifications in structure offer a unique opportunity to establish a new molecular entity with better pharmacological potential. It was concluded that in this current era, new attempts are taken to utilize the compounds derived from natural sources as novel drug candidates, with a focus to find and discover new effective molecules that were referred to as "new entities of natural product drug discovery."
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Chopra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Dhingra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, India
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Saber TM, Abo-Elmaaty AMA, Abdel-Ghany HM. Curcumin mitigates mancozeb-induced hepatotoxicity and genotoxicity in rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 183:109467. [PMID: 31374384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mancozeb (MZ) is a widely used ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate fungicide in agriculture causing hepatoxic and genotoxic effects in rats. Curcumin (CUR) has various pharmacological effects including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigated the efficacy of CUR in mitigating MZ-induced hepatotoxicity and genotoxicity in rats. Twenty-four male rats were divided into four equal groups; group I (control) was given carboxymethyl cellulose, group II was orally administered CUR (100 mg/kg b.wt), group III was gavaged with MZ (750 mg/kg b.wt), and group IV was co-treated with MZ and CUR at the same doses daily for 10 weeks. As a result, the concurrent treatment with CUR and MZ minimized the increased levels of liver function markers in serum, lipid peroxidation, pro-inflammatory mediators and DNA damage parameters in liver. In addition, CUR administration improved the depleted markers of hepatic antioxidant status in MZ-treated rats. Moreover, CUR protected the liver against the histological alterations elicited by MZ exposure and also, reduced the immunopositive reactivity of pro-apoptotic p53 in cytoplasm of hepatocytes. The present findings suggest that CUR exerts a significant protective effect against MZ-induced hepatotoxicity and genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghred M Saber
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Azza M A Abo-Elmaaty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Heba M Abdel-Ghany
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
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Phytosomes with Persimmon ( Diospyros kaki L.) Extract: Preparation and Preliminary Demonstration of In Vivo Tolerability. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11060296. [PMID: 31234548 PMCID: PMC6630258 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11060296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.), a fruit rich in phenolic compounds (PCs), has been considered effective in mitigating oxidative damage induced by an excess of reactive oxygen species. Due to large molecular weight and intrinsic instability in some physiological fluids, PCs’ passage through biological membranes is very limited. Carriers like phytosomes are promising systems to optimize oral absorption of encapsulated extracts. This work prepared and fully characterized phytosomes containing bioactive phenolic extracts from persimmon in terms of size, surface charge, encapsulation efficiency and stability over six months. These phytosomes were orally dosed to Wistar rats during a 15-day period. Afterwards, haematological and biochemical analyses were performed. Monodisperse phytosomes were successfully prepared, with size less than 300nm (PI < 0.3) and high encapsulation efficiency (97.4%) of PCs. In contrast to free extract, extract-loaded phytosomes had higher antioxidant activity after 6 months storage. Oral administration of extract-loaded phytosomes and free extract did not lead to lipidic profile changes and were within referenced normal ranges, as well as glycaemia levels and urine parameters. The results highlighted the potential of persimmon PCs as food supplements or pharmacological tools, suggesting a promising and safe phytosomal formulation containing bioactive agents of persimmon that could lead to health benefits.
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Abstract
Due to the increasing problem of drug resistance, new and improved medicines are required. Natural products and biotherapeutics offer a vast resource for new drugs; however, challenges, including the cost and time taken for traditional drug discovery processes and the subsequent lack of investment from the pharmaceutical industry, are associated with these areas. New techniques are producing compounds with appropriate activity at a faster rate. While the formulation of these combined with drug-delivery systems offers a promising approach for expanding the drug developments available to modern medicine. Here, various classes of drug-delivery systems are described and the advantages they bring to small molecule and biotherapeutic targeting are highlighted. This is an attractive approach to the pharmaceutical industry and the rising trend in research in this area is examined in brief. [Formula: see text].
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Hot aqueous leaf extract of Lasianthera africana (Icacinaceae) attenuates rifampicin-isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2018; 16:263-272. [PMID: 29776838 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of Lasianthera africana (Icacinaceae) against isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF)-induced liver damage in rats. METHODS The hepatoprotective effects of hot aqueous L. africana (HALA) leaf extract (0.1-1 g/kg) and silymarin (50 mg/kg) were assessed in a model of oxidative liver damage induced by RIF and INH (100 mg/kg each) in Wistar rats for 28 days. Biochemical markers of hepatic damage such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were assessed. The antioxidant statuses of plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSPx), glutathione reductase (GSH), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lipid peroxidation were evaluated. RESULTS The pretreatment of INH and RIF decreased hematological indices and the antioxidant levels (P < 0.001) and increased the levels of liver marker enzymes (P < 0.001). However, pretreatment with HALA extract and silymarin provoked significant elevation of hematological indices. The levels of AST, ALT, and ALP were depressed (P < 0.001). Total triglycerides, total cholesterol, total bilirubin and low-density lipoprotein were decreased (P < 0.001). However, high-density lipoprotein, bicarbonate, and electrolytes like chloride and potassium were elevated (P < 0.001), but sodium was depressed (P < 0.05). Additionally, GSH, GSPx, SOD and CAT were elevated (P < 0.01) and malondialdehyde was depressed (P < 0.001) when compared to the RIF-INH-treated rats. Histopathological evaluations support hepatoprotective activity. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that HALA leaf extract attenuated RIF-INH-induced hepatotoxicity. L. africana could be exploited in management of RIF-INH-induced hepatitis.
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Sultana B, Yaqoob S, Zafar Z, Bhatti HN. Escalation of liver malfunctioning: A step toward Herbal Awareness. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 216:104-119. [PMID: 29309862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE About 2-5% of the world's population is suffering from liver toxicity including Pakistan with the second highest rate of hepatitis prevalence. Liver is a vital body organ which not only performs metabolic activities but also aids in detoxification, storage and digestion of food. Now a day's malnutrition, alcohol consumption and drug addiction are major causes of liver diseases throughout the world. In fact, there is no possible outcome to compensate liver malfunction for long term, and transplantation of liver is the only option left after the irretrievable injury of hepatic function. Subsequently, natural based therapeutic approaches are in the process of scrupulous testing as strong hepatoprotective mediator. In this regard plants are well thought hepatoprotective agents having multiple active components. In this review, based on species' pharmacology and safety we have compiled some plants which show strong hepatoprotective activity, main phytoconstituents with biological activities and few commercially used herbal formulations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethnopharmacological information was gathered by an extensive literature survey like WHO monographs on selected herbal medicinal plants (Vol 1-Vol 4); Principles and Practice of Phytotherapy, Mills S and Bone K, Churchill Livingstone, London, UK; Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals, Wichtl M Medpharm Press, Stuttgart 3rd edn; Pharmacology and Applications of Chinese Materia Medica Vols 1 and 2, Chang H-M and But P P-H World Scientific, Singapore; British Herbal Compendium Vol. 2, Bradley P British Herbal Medicine Association, Bournemouth, UK; ESCOP Monographs 2nd edn. Thieme, Stuttgart, Germany; as well as by using electronic databases such as Pubchem, Chemspider, http://www.herbal-ahp.org; http://www.ahpa.org; http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2003/9241546271.pdf; http://www.escop.com, Pubmed, HubMed and Scopus. RESULTS Data for more about 29 plants have been accomplished for their bioactive constituent(s), biological activities and medicinal uses. Some of the plants have been identified as strong hepato-modulator. Such knowledge about traditional medicinal plants can be globally applied for safe and evidence based use in pharmacological applications. CONCLUSION With the rise in liver risks a meek struggle has been made to draw attention toward herbal therapy. Hepatoprotective constituents of said plants are expressed with chemical structures. However, for certain plants active constituents are not still isolated/purified but overall plant extract was found effective in providing protection against hepatic injury. As a future perspective, there is need to purify plant active constituents for ethnomedical rationale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Sultana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Sadaf Yaqoob
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Zohaib Zafar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Haq Nawaz Bhatti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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Assessment of hepatotoxicity of first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs on Wistar rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 391:83-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1434-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Shah MD, D’Souza UJ, Iqbal M. The potential protective effect of Commelina nudiflora L. against carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, mediated by suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation. Environ Health Prev Med 2017; 22:66. [PMID: 29165163 PMCID: PMC5664843 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-017-0673-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to assess the hepatoprotective potential of Commelina nudiflora against CCl4-induced hepatic injury in rats. METHOD Antioxidant activities were determined. Phytochemical analysis was performed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). In the in vivo study, Sprague Dawley rats were pretreated with C. nudiflora (150, 300, and 450 mg kg body weight (b.wt.)) once daily for 14 days followed by two doses of CCl4 (1 ml/kg b.wt.). After 2 weeks, the rats were sacrificed and hepatoprotective analysis was performed. RESULTS In vitro studies have shown that the extract possessed strong antioxidant activity and has ability to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl-free radicals effectively. GCMS analysis of the C. nudiflora extract revealed the presence of various bioactive compounds. Administration of C. nudiflora significantly reduced the impact of CCl4 toxicity on serum markers of liver damage, serum aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT). C. nudiflora also increased antioxidant levels of hepatic glutathione (GSH) and antioxidant enzymes and ameliorated the elevated hepatic formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) induced by CCl4 in rats. Histopathological examination indicated that C. nudiflora protect the liver from the toxic effect of CCl4 and healed lesions such as necrosis, fatty degeneration, and hepatocyte injury as irregular lamellar organization and dilations in the endoplasmic reticulum. The immunohistochemical studies revealed that pretreatment of C. nudiflora decreased the formation of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE)-modified protein adducts and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Furthermore, overexpression of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and prostaglandin E2 is also reduced. CONCLUSION These findings exhibited the potential prospect of C. nudiflora as functional ingredients to prevent ROS-related liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Dawood Shah
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Malaysia
| | - Urban J.A. D’Souza
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota-Kinabalu, Sabah Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Iqbal
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Malaysia
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Jayashree GV, Krupashree K, Rachitha P, Khanum F. Patulin Induced Oxidative Stress Mediated Apoptotic Damage in Mice, and its Modulation by Green Tea Leaves. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2017; 7:127-134. [PMID: 28663677 PMCID: PMC5478942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2017.01.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study demonstrates the antioxidant and hepatic protective effects of Green tea leaves (GTL). METHODS The serum level of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase was analyzed. The liver antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, GSH, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls, ROS content were estimated. The histology of liver tissue was observed and the protein expression of SOD, CAT, Caspase-3 and p53 was investigated by Western blotting. RESULTS Effectiveness of GTL extract in preventing patulin induced liver damage showed significant reduction in serum ALT and AST to 19% and 85% respectively, the increase in antioxidant levels and lipid peroxidation products with patulin treatment were also reduced with GTL supplementation. The patulin induced increase in hepatic protein carbonyls was significantly reduced by 141-111% with 100 and 200 mg/kg b.wt GTL and in ROS was significantly reduced by 171-140% with 100 and 200 mg/kg b.wt GTL administration respectively. Also showed protection against hepatic tissue damage and protein expression in mice. CONCLUSION This study showed remarkable antioxidant and hepatic protective effects of GTL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Farhath Khanum
- Address for correspondence: Farhath Khanum, Department of Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagara, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 011, India. Tel.: +91 821 2473064; fax: +91 821 2473283.Department of Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research LaboratorySiddarthanagara, MysuruKarnataka570 011India
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Recent expansion of pharmaceutical nanotechnologies and targeting strategies in the field of phytopharmaceuticals for the delivery of herbal extracts and bioactives. J Control Release 2016; 241:110-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Ahmad H, Arya A, Agrawal S, Mall P, Samuel SS, Sharma K, Singh PK, Singh SK, Valicherla GR, Mitra K, Gayen JR, Paliwal S, Shukla R, Dwivedi AK. Rutin phospholipid complexes confer neuro-protection in ischemic-stroke rats. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17874j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rutin, a natural flavonol glycoside is known to possess significant radical scavenging properties which might have beneficial effects in cerebral ischemia.
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Attenuation potential of rifampicin–phospholipid complex in murine hepatotoxicity model. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Li S, Tan HY, Wang N, Zhang ZJ, Lao L, Wong CW, Feng Y. The Role of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:26087-124. [PMID: 26540040 PMCID: PMC4661801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161125942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 951] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A complex antioxidant system has been developed in mammals to relieve oxidative stress. However, excessive reactive species derived from oxygen and nitrogen may still lead to oxidative damage to tissue and organs. Oxidative stress has been considered as a conjoint pathological mechanism, and it contributes to initiation and progression of liver injury. A lot of risk factors, including alcohol, drugs, environmental pollutants and irradiation, may induce oxidative stress in liver, which in turn results in severe liver diseases, such as alcoholic liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Application of antioxidants signifies a rational curative strategy to prevent and cure liver diseases involving oxidative stress. Although conclusions drawn from clinical studies remain uncertain, animal studies have revealed the promising in vivo therapeutic effect of antioxidants on liver diseases. Natural antioxidants contained in edible or medicinal plants often possess strong antioxidant and free radical scavenging abilities as well as anti-inflammatory action, which are also supposed to be the basis of other bioactivities and health benefits. In this review, PubMed was extensively searched for literature research. The keywords for searching oxidative stress were free radicals, reactive oxygen, nitrogen species, anti-oxidative therapy, Chinese medicines, natural products, antioxidants and liver diseases. The literature, including ours, with studies on oxidative stress and anti-oxidative therapy in liver diseases were the focus. Various factors that cause oxidative stress in liver and effects of antioxidants in the prevention and treatment of liver diseases were summarized, questioned, and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hor-Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zhang-Jin Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Lixing Lao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chi-Woon Wong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Eidi A, Mortazavi P, Moghadam JZ, Mardani PM. Hepatoprotective effects of Portulaca oleracea extract against CCl4-induced damage in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:1042-1051. [PMID: 25472695 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.957783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L., Portulacaceae) has been traditionally used in folk medicine to afford protection against liver injury, although its actual efficacy remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE To evaluate purslane as a hepatoprotective agent, we investigated the protective effect of its ethanol extract against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic toxicity in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 108 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 12 groups. The first group was maintained as normal control, whereas CCl4 (0.5 ml/kg bw, 50% CCl4 in olive oil, i.p.), purslane extract (0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 g/kg bw, intragastrically), and purslane extract (five doses as above) along with CCl4 were administered to the Groups II, III-VII, and VIII-XII, respectively. The rats were sacrificed on the 30th day, and blood was withdrawn by cardiac puncture. Liver damage was assessed by measuring hepatic marker enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, and SOD) and histopathological observation. RESULTS Treatment with CCl4 resulted in increased serum activities of marker enzymes with a concomitant decrease in SOD. Histological alterations were also observed in the liver tissue upon CCl4 treatment. Administration of purslane extract (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 g/kg b.w.) significantly showed a marked tendency towards normalization of all measured biochemical parameters in CCl4-treated rats. Histopathological changes also paralleled the detected alteration in markers of liver function. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that purslane exerts protective effects against CCl4-induced damage in rat liver and supports a potential therapeutic use of purslane as an alternative for patients with liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Eidi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
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Hepatoprotective effects of kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside and kaempferol 3-O-glucoside from Carthamus tinctorius L. on CCl4-induced oxidative liver injury in mice. J Food Drug Anal 2015; 23:310-317. [PMID: 28911387 PMCID: PMC9351762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Olukiran OS, Akomolafe RO, Bamitale KO, Ajayi AO, Okonji RE, Bejide RA. Prophylactic and Curative Assessment of Essentiale Forte® On Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Damage in Wistar Rats. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2014.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: This study was to assess the prophylactic and curative effects of Essentiale forte (ESF) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver damage in Wistar rats.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of six rats each. Group I (control group) received 0.3 ml/kg/day of propylene glycol for one month; group II (toxic control) was given 0.7 ml/kg/day of CCl4 dissolved in olive oil (1:1,v/v) orally for 7 days; group III (prophylactic group) received 4.3 mg/kg/day of ESF for one month followed by CCl4 for one week; group IV (curative group) was treated with CCl4 for one week and subsequently received ESF (4.3 mg/kg/day) for one month. Half of the rats were sacrificed at active period, the other half after a 2-week recovery period.RESULTS: The activities of serum AST, ALT, ALP, total bilirubin level were significantly higher, total protein and GSH levels were significantly reduced in the toxic control group compared to the control group. Group III had significantly higher AST and ALT activities compared to the control rats at active period, whereas after the recovery period no significant differences were observed in almost all the parameters. Moreover, no significant differences in the parameters mentioned above were observed in group IV compared to the control rats at active and recovery period.CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that Essential forte was better as a curative agent rather than a prophylactic agent in rats.
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Hepatoprotective effect of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract on lantadenes-induced hepatotoxicity in guinea pigs. Toxicon 2014; 81:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Jaydeokar AV, Bandawane DD, Bibave KH, Patil TV. Hepatoprotective potential of Cassia auriculata roots on ethanol and antitubercular drug-induced hepatotoxicity in experimental models. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:344-55. [PMID: 24472085 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.837075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Tarvada [Cassia auriculata Linn. (Caesalpiniaceae)] is used against liver ailments in Indian folk medicine, but there is a lack of scientific evidence for this traditional claim. OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the protective effect of methanol extract of tarvada (MECA) roots on ethanol and antitubercular drug induced hepatotoxicity in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the therapeutic model, ethanol (40%, 4 g/kg b.w., p.o.) was administered to rats for 21 days and the intoxicated rats were treated with MECA (300 and 600 mg/kg, b.w.) and silymarin (100 mg/kg, b.w.) for next 7 days. In the prophylactic model, MECA and silymarin were administered simultaneously along with a combination of isoniazid (27 mg/kg, b.w.), rifampicin (54 mg/kg, b.w.) and pyrazinamide (135 mg/kg, b.w.) for 30 days. After the study duration, serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, total protein, albumin were estimated along with hepatic catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and liver histopathology in each group. RESULTS Administration of tarvada root extract significantly (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05) lowered the elevated levels of serum AST, ALT, ALP, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, total protein and restored the abnormal levels of enzymatic antioxidants and MDA in liver due to toxicant administration in a dose-dependent manner. These results were confirmed by histopathological analysis. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Results suggest that tarvada root extract possess potent hepatoprotective activity against ethanol and antitubercular drug-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, which could be due to an inhibition of hepatic metabolizing enzymes and antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish V Jaydeokar
- Department of Pharmacology, PES's Modern College of Pharmacy , Pune, Maharashtra , India and
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Ghasemi M, Azarnia M, Jamali M, Mirabolghasemi G, Nazarian S, Naghizadeh MM, Rajabi M, Tahamtani Y. Protective effects of Ephedra pachyclada extract on mouse models of carbon tetrachloride- induced chronic and acute liver failure. Tissue Cell 2014; 46:78-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Eidi A, Mortazavi P, Behzadi K, Rohani AH, Safi S. Hepatoprotective effect of manganese chloride against CCl4-induced liver injury in rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 155:267-75. [PMID: 24037643 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9784-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the protective effect of manganese chloride against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury in rats. Manganese chloride (0.001, 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 g/kg bw) was administered intragastrically for 28 consecutive days to male CCl4-treated rats. The hepatoprotective activity was assessed using various biochemical parameters such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Histopathological changes in the liver of different groups were also studied. Administration of CCl4 increased the serum ALT, AST, ALP and GGT but decreased SOD levels in rats. Treatment with manganese chloride significantly attenuated these changes to nearly normal levels. The animals treated with manganese chloride have shown decreased necrotic zones and hepatocellular degeneration when compared to the liver exposed to CCl4 intoxication alone. Thus, the histopathological studies also supported the protective effect of manganese chloride. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that manganese chloride exerts hepatoprotection via promoting antioxidative properties against CCl4-induced oxidative liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Eidi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran,
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Shenoy PA, Nipate SS, Sonpetkar JM, Salvi NC, Waghmare AB, Chaudhari PD. Anti-snake venom activities of ethanolic extract of fruits of Piper longum L. (Piperaceae) against Russell's viper venom: characterization of piperine as active principle. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 147:373-82. [PMID: 23506990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Piper longum L. fruits have been traditionally used against snakebites in north-eastern and southern region of India. AIM OF THE STUDY To examine the ability of ethanolic extract of fruits of Piper longum L., Piperaceae (PLE) and piperine, one of the main active principles of Piper longum, to inhibit the Russell's viper (Doboia russelii, Viperidae) snake venom activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anti-snake venom activities of ethanolic extract of fruits of Piper longum L. (Piperaceae) and piperine against Russell's viper venom was studied in embryonated fertile chicken eggs, mice and rats by using various models as follows: inhibition of venom lethal action, inhibition of venom haemorrhagic action (in vitro), inhibition of venom haemorrhagic action (in vivo), inhibition of venom necrotizing action, inhibition of venom defibrinogenating action, inhibition of venom induced paw edema, inhibition of venom induced mast cell degranulation, creatine kinase assay and assay for catalase activity. RESULTS PLE was found to inhibit the venom induced haemorrhage in embryonated fertile chicken eggs. Administration of PLE and piperine significantly (p<0.01) inhibited venom induced lethality, haemorrhage, necrosis, defibrinogenation and inflammatory paw edema in mice in a dose dependent manner. PLE and piperine also significantly (p<0.01) reduced venom induced mast cell degranulation in rats. Venom induced decrease in catalase enzyme levels in mice kidney tissue and increase in creatine kinase enzyme levels in mice serum were significantly (p<0.01) reversed by administration of both PLE and piperine. CONCLUSIONS PLE possesses good anti-snake venom properties and piperine is one of the compounds responsible for the effective venom neutralizing ability of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Shenoy
- Department of Pharmacology, Progressive Education Society's Modern College of Pharmacy, Sector No. 21, Yamunanagar, Nigdi, Pune-411044, Maharashtra, India.
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Zeng P, Zhang Y, Pan C, Jia Q, Guo F, Li Y, Zhu W, Chen K. Advances in studying of the pharmacological activities and structure–activity relationships of natural C-glycosylflavonoids. Acta Pharm Sin B 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Swamy AHMV, Kulkarni RV, Koti BC, Gadad PC, Thippeswamy AHM, Gore A. Hepatoprotective Effect of Cissus quadrangularis Stem Extract Against Rifampicin-induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. Indian J Pharm Sci 2013; 74:183-7. [PMID: 23326004 PMCID: PMC3546340 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.103859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of methanol extract of Cissus quadrangularis against rifampicin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.The coarse powder of the shade dried stem of Cissus quadrangularis was subjected to successive extraction in a Soxhlet apparatus using solvents petroleum ether (60-80°) and methanol. Liver damage was induced in Wistar rats by administering rifampicin (54 mg/kg, p.o.) once daily for 30 days. Methanol extract of Cissus quadrangularis (500 mg/kg, p.o) was administered 1 h prior to the administration of rifampicin (54 mg/kg, p.o.) once daily for 30 days. Silymarin (50 mg/kg p.o) used as reference drug. Elevated levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline posphatase and bilirubin following rifampicin induction were significantly lowered due to pretreatment with methanol extract of Cissus quadrangularis. Rifampicin administration significantly increased lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant activities like reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutas and catalase. Pretreatment of rats with methanol extract of Cissus quadrangularis significantly decreased lipid peroxidation and increased the antioxidant activities. Histology of the liver section of the animals treated with the methanol extract of Cissus quadrangularis further confirms the hepatoprotective activity. The results of the present study indicated the hepatoprotective effect of methanol extract of Cissus quadrangularis which might be ascribable to its antioxidant property due to the presence of β-carotene.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H M Viswanatha Swamy
- Department of Pharmacology, K. L. E. University's College of Pharmacy, Vidyanagar, Hubli-580031, India
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Lee MS, Kim JI, Utsuki T, Park NG, Kim HR. Cytoprotective effects of phlorofucofuroeckol A isolated from Ecklonia stolonifera against tacrine-treated HepG2 cells. Fitoterapia 2012; 83:1060-7. [PMID: 22613808 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We have recently reported that phlorofucofuroeckol A isolated from Ecklonia stolonifera showed potential antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties in LPS-stimulated macrophages. This study aims to investigate the cytoprotective effect of phlorofucofuroeckol A and to characterize its molecular mechanisms using tacrine-treated HepG2 cells. Phlorofucofuroeckol A showed a cytoprotective effect against tacrine-treated HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner (EC(50): 5.7±0.5 μM). Increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by tacrine were decreased by phlorofucofuroeckol A. The cytotoxicity of tacrine to HepG2 cells was associated with upregulations of Fas and JNK phosphorylation resulted in the caspase activations and apoptosis. Phlorofucofuroeckol A inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK and the expression of Fas-mediated apoptotic proteins including Fas ligand, cleaved caspase-8, cleaved caspase-3, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. In addition, treatment of phlorofucofuroeckol A regulated the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol in a dose-dependent manner in tacrine-treated HepG2 cells. Furthermore, pretreatment of an inhibitor of JNK, SP600125, downregulated Fas and cleaved caspase-3 without change of ROS productions in tacrine-treated HepG2 cells. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that phlorofucofuroeckol A regulates Fas-mediated apoptosis via inhibition of ROS productions and inhibition of JNK phosphorylation in tacrine-treated HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Sup Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
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Mehta A, Kaur G, Chintamane M. Piperine and Quercetin Enhances Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective effect of Curcumin in Paracetamol Induced Oxidative Stress. INT J PHARMACOL 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2012.101.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Mishra N, Yadav NP, Meher JG, Sinha P. Phyto–vesicles: conduit between conventional and novel drug delivery system. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60485-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Yang L, Wang CZ, Ye JZ, Li HT. Hepatoprotective effects of polyprenols from Ginkgo biloba L. leaves on CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Fitoterapia 2011; 82:834-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Viswanatha Swamy AHM, Kulkarni RV, Thippeswamy AHM, Koti BC, Gore A. Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of Cissus quadrangularis stem extract against isoniazid-induced liver damage in rats. Indian J Pharmacol 2011; 42:397-400. [PMID: 21189914 PMCID: PMC2991701 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.71920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The study was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of methanol extract of Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) against isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Materials and Methods: The successive petroleum ether (60–80°C) and methanol extracts of C. quadrangularis were used. Hepatic damage was induced in Wistar rats by administering isoniazid (54 mg/kg, p.o.) once daily for 30 days. Simultaneously, CQ (500 mg/kg p.o) was administered 1 h prior to the administration of isoniazid (54 mg/kg, p.o.) once daily for 30 days. Silymarin (50 mg/kg p.o) was used as a reference drug. Results: Elevated levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline posphatase, and bilirubin following isoniazid administration were significantly lowered due to pretreatment with CQ. Isoniazid administration significantly increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) and decreased antioxidant activities such as reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. Pretreatment of rats with CQ significantly decreased LPO and increased the antioxidant activities. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the hepatoprotective effect of CQ might be attributed to its antioxidant property.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H M Viswanatha Swamy
- Department of Pharmacology, K.L.E. University's College of Pharmacy, Vidyanagar, Hubli 580 031, Karnataka, India
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In vitro hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of crude extract and isolated compounds from Ficus gnaphalocarpa. Inflammopharmacology 2010; 19:35-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-010-0070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Ajazuddin, Saraf S. Applications of novel drug delivery system for herbal formulations. Fitoterapia 2010; 81:680-9. [PMID: 20471457 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Revised: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Over the past several years, great advances have been made on development of novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) for plant actives and extracts. The variety of novel herbal formulations like polymeric nanoparticles, nanocapsules, liposomes, phytosomes, nanoemulsions, microsphere, transferosomes, and ethosomes has been reported using bioactive and plant extracts. The novel formulations are reported to have remarkable advantages over conventional formulations of plant actives and extracts which include enhancement of solubility, bioavailability, protection from toxicity, enhancement of pharmacological activity, enhancement of stability, improved tissue macrophages distribution, sustained delivery, and protection from physical and chemical degradation. The present review highlights the current status of the development of novel herbal formulations and summarizes their method of preparation, type of active ingredients, size, entrapment efficiency, route of administration, biological activity and applications of novel formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajazuddin
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravi Shankar Shukla University, Raipur, C.G., 492010, India
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Anusuya N, Raju K, Manian S. Hepatoprotective and toxicological assessment of an ethnomedicinal plant Euphorbia fusiformis Buch.-Ham.ex D.Don. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 127:463-467. [PMID: 19837150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2007] [Revised: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The tubers of Euphorbia fusiformis Buch.-Ham.ex D.Don (Euphorbiaceae) are traditionally used in India by the Malayali tribes of Chitteri hills, Eastern Ghats, Tamil Nadu to treat liver disorders. The objective of the present study was to assess the hepatoprotective potential and biosafety of Euphorbia fusiformis tuber upon administration thereby justifying the traditional claims. MATERIALS AND METHODS The hepatoprotective potential of the ethanol extract of Euphorbia fusiformis tuber against rifampicin induced hepatic damage was investigated in Wistar albino rats. The acute and subchronic toxicity were assessed in mice and rats, respectively. RESULTS The ethanol extract of tubers (250 mg/kg p.o.) showed remarkable hepatoprotective effect against rifampicin induced hepatic damage in Wistar albino rats. The degree of protection was measured using the biochemical parameters serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin and total protein. Treatment with ethanolic extract prior to the administration of rifampicin significantly (P<0.05 to P<0.001) restored the elevated levels of the said parameters on a par with the control group. The single dose LD(50) was found to be 10,000 mg/kg bw when administered orally in mice. Subchronic toxicity studies in rats with oral doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg exhibited no significant changes in body weight gain, general behavior, hematological and biochemical parameters. The histological profile of liver and kidney also indicated the non-toxic nature of this drug. CONCLUSION The ethanol extract of Euphorbia fusiformis tubers may have potential therapeutic value in the treatment of liver disorders and is safer to use even at higher doses when taken orally.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Anusuya
- Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Xie JT, Wang CZ, Li XL, Ni M, Fishbein A, Yuan CS. Anti-diabetic effect of American ginseng may not be linked to antioxidant activity: comparison between American ginseng and Scutellaria baicalensis using an ob/ob mice model. Fitoterapia 2009; 80:306-11. [PMID: 19358881 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2009.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2008] [Revised: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidants have been considered as a useful remedy in diabetes therapeutics, and thus, herbal medicines with antioxidant properties may play major role in treating diabetes. In this report, we performed a comparative study using American ginseng and Scutellaria baicalensis to test whether the anti-diabetic effect of American ginseng is associated with its antioxidant activity. We used a simple water extraction procedure to prepare American ginseng root extract (AGE) and S. baicalensis extract (SbE), and utilized these two antioxidant herbs to evaluate their anti-diabetic effect in obese diabetic ob/ob mice. HPLC analysis was used to identify major constituents in the AGE and SbE. After 12 days of daily intraperitoneal injection, AGE at 300 mg/kg showed significant effects on fasting blood glucose levels (P<0.01) and glucose tolerance test (P<0.01) compared to vehicle-treated mice. Animal body weights also reduced significantly after 12-day treatment (P<0.01). However, SbE, a very strong antioxidant extract, administered at 5-50 mg/kg (based on our previous studies without adverse events) for 12 days did not show any significant effects on blood glucose and body weight changes. No effects were shown when baicalein, an effective antioxidant constituent in SbE, was administered at 1-5 mg/kg. It appears that the anti-diabetic effect of American ginseng may not be linked to its antioxidant actions. The mechanisms of American ginseng's effects on reducing high blood glucose levels and body weight remain to be investigated in future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Tian Xie
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, The Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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