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Wang Y, Yu D, Zhu S, Du X, Wang X. The genus Dioscorea L. (Dioscoreaceae), a review of traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 329:118069. [PMID: 38552992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Dioscorea, a member of the Dioscoreaceae family, comprises approximately 600 species and is widely distributed across temperate and tropical regions such as Asia, South Africa, and North America. The traditional medicinal uses of Dioscorea have been documented in Asian and African pharmacological systems. In Asia, this genus is traditionally used to treat respiratory illnesses, rheumatism, diabetes, diarrhea, dysentery, and other conditions. In Africa, this genus has been used to treat human immunodeficiency virus and ring worms. However, the traditional medicinal practices in North America rarely mention the use of this genus. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this review is to comprehensively review the genus Dioscorea, focusing on its traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and potential toxicities. The research also aims to highlight the valuable bioactive compounds within Dioscorea and emphasize the need for further investigations into acute and chronic toxicity, activity mechanisms, molecular markers, and other relevant factors to contribute to the discovery of novel pharmaceuticals. MATERIALS AND METHODS A search for available information on Dioscorea was conducted using scientific databases, including PubMed, ISI-WOS, Scopus, and Google Scholar, as well as recent academic publications from reputable publishers and other literature sources. The search was not limited by language and spanned the literature published between 1950 and 2022. RESULTS This article provides a comprehensive review of the Dioscorea genus, focusing on its traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and potential toxicities. Extensive research has been conducted on this genus, resulting in the isolation and examination of over 1000 compounds, including steroids, terpenoids, and flavonoids, to determine their biological activities. These activities include anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects. However, some studies have indicated the potential toxicity of high doses of Dioscorea, highlighting the need for further investigations to assess the safety of this genus. Additionally, this review explores potential avenues for future research and discusses the challenges associated with a comprehensive understanding of the Dioscorea genus. CONCLUSIONS Based on the existing literature, it can be concluded that Dioscorea is a valuable source of bioactive compounds that have the potential to treat various disorders. Future research should prioritize the investigation of acute and chronic toxicity, activity mechanisms, molecular markers, and other relevant factors. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the Dioscorea genus, emphasizing its potential to enable a deeper exploration of the biological activity mechanisms of these plants and contribute to the discovery of novel pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Dan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Shaojie Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Xiaowei Du
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China.
| | - Xijun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China.
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Elsayed Abouzed DE, Ezelarab HAA, Selim HMRM, Elsayed MMA, El Hamd MA, Aboelez MO. Multimodal modulation of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury by phytochemical agents: A mechanistic evaluation of hepatoprotective potential and safety profiles. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112445. [PMID: 38944946 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a clinically fundamental phenomenon that occurs through liver resection surgery, trauma, shock, and transplantation. AIMS OF THE REVIEW This review article affords an expanded and comprehensive overview of various natural herbal ingredients that have demonstrated hepatoprotective effects against I/R injury through preclinical studies in animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS For the objective of this investigation, an extensive examination was carried out utilizing diverse scientific databases involving PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB), and Research Gate. The investigation was conducted based on specific identifiable terms, such as hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury, liver resection and transplantation, cytokines, inflammation, NF-kB, interleukins, herbs, plants, natural ingredients, phenolic extract, and aqueous extract. RESULTS Bioactive ingredients derived from ginseng, curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, lycopene, punicalagin, crocin, celastrol, andrographolide, silymarin, and others and their effects on hepatic IRI were discussed. The specific mechanisms of action, signaling pathways, and clinical relevance for attenuation of liver enzymes, cytokine production, immune cell infiltration, oxidative damage, and cell death signaling in rodent studies are analyzed in depth. Their complex molecular actions involve modulation of pathways like TLR4, NF-κB, Nrf2, Bcl-2 family proteins, and others. CONCLUSION The natural ingredients have promising values in the protection and treatment of various chronic aggressive clinical conditions, and that need to be evaluated on humans by clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deiaa E Elsayed Abouzed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt.
| | - Hend A A Ezelarab
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt.
| | - Heba Mohammed Refat M Selim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Diriyah 13713, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 35527, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud M A Elsayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A El Hamd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt.
| | - Moustafa O Aboelez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
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Sun SX, Li Y, Jia L, Ye S, Luan Y. Identification of genetic variants controlling diosgenin content in Dioscorea zingiberensis tuber by genome-wide association study. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:540. [PMID: 38872080 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05133-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diosgenin is an important steroidal precursor renowned for its diverse medicinal uses. It is predominantly sourced from Dioscorea species, particularly Dioscorea zingiberensis. Dioscorea zingiberensis has an ability to accumulate 2-16% diosgenin in its rhizomes. In this study, a diverse population of 180 D. zingiberensis accessions was used to evaluate the genomic regions associated with diosgenin biosynthesis by the genome wide association study approach (GWAS). RESULTS The whole population was characterized for diosgenin contents from tubers by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The individuals were genotyped by the genotyping-by-sequencing approach and 10,000 high-quality SNP markers were extracted for the GWAS. The highest significant marker-trait-association was observed as an SNP transversion (G to T) on chromosome 10, with 64% phenotypic variance explained. The SNP was located in the promoter region of CYP94D144 which is a member of P450 gene family involved in the independent biosynthesis of diosgenin from cholesterol. The transcription factor (TF) binding site enrichment analysis of the promoter region of CYP94D144 revealed NAC TF as a potential regulator. The results were further validated through expression profiling by qRT-PCR, and the comparison of high and low diosgenin producing hybrids obtained from a bi-parental population. CONCLUSIONS This study not only enhanced the understanding of the genetic basis of diosgenin biosynthesis but also serves as a valuable reference for future genomic investigations on CYP94D144, with the aim of augmenting diosgenin production in yam tubers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Xian Sun
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Wetland Conservation, Restoration and Ecological Services, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- Department of Life Technology Teaching and Research, School of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Lu Jia
- Department of Life Technology Teaching and Research, School of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Shili Ye
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Yunpeng Luan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650021, China.
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650021, China.
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Chang Y, Wang S, Xu J, Zhu T, Ma S, Zhou A, Song Y, Liu M, Tian C. Optimization of extraction process of Dioscorea nipponica Makino saponins and their UPLC-QTOF-MS profiling, antioxidant, antibacterial and anti- inflammatory activities. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Zheng GZ, Zhang QH, Chang B, Xie P, Liao H, Du SX, Li XD. Dioscin induces osteosarcoma cell apoptosis by upregulating ROS-mediated P38 MAPK signaling. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:25-35. [PMID: 36401839 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. Many patients with osteosarcoma readily develop resistance to chemotherapy and have an extremely dismal prognosis. Dioscin, a saponin, is known to exhibit potent anticancer activities and induce cellular death of a variety of cancer types. However, the inhibitory effect of dioscin on osteosarcoma cells and its underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. We investigated the responses of human U2-OS and MG63 osteosarcoma cells to dioscin with regard to proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion, and studied the effect of dioscin on MAPK-related proteins by western blot analysis assays. Dioscin inhibited osteosarcoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, it induced osteosarcoma cell apoptosis via reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent apoptotic signaling. N-acetylcysteine, a reactive oxygen species inhibitor, suppressed dioscin-induced apoptosis, indicating that ROS play an essential role in dioscin-induced apoptosis. Western blot analysis assays showed that p38 MAPK was upregulated after dioscin treatment, and that dioscin induced apoptosis by upregulating ROS-mediated p38 MAPK signaling. Our study suggests that dioscin possesses antitumor activities against human osteosarcoma cells, inhibits osteosarcoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and induces osteosarcoma cell apoptosis through upregulating ROS-mediated p38 MAPK signaling. This study may provide a new therapeutic strategy and potential clinical applications for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Zhou Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi-Hao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hang Liao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Xin Du
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue-Dong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Mieres-Castro D, Mora-Poblete F. Saponins: Research Progress and Their Potential Role in the Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Era. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020348. [PMID: 36839670 PMCID: PMC9964560 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the post-COVID-19 pandemic era, the new global situation and the limited therapeutic management of the disease make it necessary to take urgent measures in more effective therapies and drug development in order to counteract the negative global impacts caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its new infectious variants. In this context, plant-derived saponins-glycoside-type compounds constituted from a triterpene or steroidal aglycone and one or more sugar residues-may offer fewer side effects and promising beneficial pharmacological activities. This can then be used for the development of potential therapeutic agents against COVID-19, either as a therapy or as a complement to conventional pharmacological strategies for the treatment of the disease and its prevention. The main objective of this review was to examine the primary and current evidence in regard to the therapeutic potential of plant-derived saponins against the COVID-19 disease. Further, the aim was to also focus on those studies that highlight the potential use of saponins as a treatment against SARS-CoV-2. Saponins are antiviral agents that inhibit different pharmacological targets of the virus, as well as exhibit anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic activity in relieving symptoms and clinical complications related to the disease. In addition, saponins also possess immunostimulatory effects, which improve the efficacy and safety of vaccines for prolonging immunogenicity against SARS-CoV-2 and its infectious variants.
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Lebot V, Lawac F, Legendre L. The greater yam (Dioscorea alata L.): A review of its phytochemical content and potential for processed products and biofortification. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Analysis of the Composition of Deinagkistrodon acutus Snake Venom Based on Proteomics, and Its Antithrombotic Activity and Toxicity Studies. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072229. [PMID: 35408629 PMCID: PMC9000436 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a strong correlation between the composition of Deinagkistrodon acutus venom proteins and their potential pharmacological effects. The proteomic analysis revealed 103 proteins identified through label-free proteomics from 30 different snake venom families. Phospholipase A2 (30.0%), snaclec (21.0%), antithrombin (17.8%), thrombin (8.1%) and metalloproteinases (4.2%) were the most abundant proteins. The main toxicity of Deinagkistrodon acutus venom is hematotoxicity and neurotoxicity, and it acts on the lung. Deinagkistrodon acutus venom may have anticoagulant and antithrombotic effects. In summary, the protein profile and related toxicity and pharmacological activity of Deinagkistrodon acutus venom from southwest China were put forward for the first time. In addition, we revealed the relationship between the main toxicity, pharmacological effects, and the protein components of snake venom.
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Subramani B, Sathiyarajeswaran P. Current update on herbal sources of antithrombotic activity—a comprehensive review. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2022; 34:26. [PMID: 35283622 PMCID: PMC8899788 DOI: 10.1186/s43162-021-00090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Herbs are commonly used to treat cardiovascular diseases in various traditional medicine. On the other hand, herb-drug interactions are most commonly encountered with conventional antiplatelet and anticoagulant drug prescriptions. This review presents a compilation of plants investigated for antiplatelet and anticoagulation recently and enumerates their possible lead compounds responsible for its action for paving further drug discovery and knowledge update. Main body of the abstract Information about the herbs was withdrawn from the PubMed database of the previous 5 years. We also hand-searched the bibliography of relevant articles for the acquisition of additional information. About 72 herbal sources were identified with the effect of antiplatelet activity, antithrombotic activity, and anticoagulant activity. Bioactive compounds and various secondary metabolites responsible for it, such as alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, coumarins, polyphenols, furan derivatives, iridoid glycosides, sesquiterpenes, aporphine compounds, were reported. Conclusion Newer pharmacological moieties are needed to prevent or reduce the adverse effects of current anti-thrombotic agents and to improve the safety of patients and cost-effectiveness.
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Passos FRS, Araújo-Filho HG, Monteiro BS, Shanmugam S, Araújo AADS, Almeida JRGDS, Thangaraj P, Júnior LJQ, Quintans JDSS. Anti-inflammatory and modulatory effects of steroidal saponins and sapogenins on cytokines: A review of pre-clinical research. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:153842. [PMID: 34952766 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saponins are glycosides which, after acid hydrolysis, liberate sugar(s) and an aglycone (sapogenin) which can be triterpenoid or steroidal in nature. Steroidal saponins and sapogenins have attracted significant attention as important natural anti-inflammatory compounds capable of acting on the activity of several inflammatory cytokines in various inflammatory models. PURPOSE The aim of this review is to collect preclinical in vivo studies on the anti-inflammatory activity of steroidal saponins through the modulation of inflammatory cytokines. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS This review was carried out through a specialized search in three databases, that were accessed between September and October, 2021, and the publication period of the articles was not limited. Information about the name of the steroidal saponins, the animals used, the dose and route of administration, the model of pain or inflammation used, the tissue and experimental method used in the measurement of the cytokines, and the results observed on the levels of cytokines was retrieved. RESULTS Forty-five (45) articles met the inclusion criteria, involving the saponins cantalasaponin-1, α-chaconine, dioscin, DT-13, lycoperoside H, protodioscin, α-solanine, timosaponin AIII and BII, trillin, and the sapogenins diosgenin, hecogenin, and ruscogenin. The surveys were carried out in seven different countries and only articles between 2007 and 2021 were found. The studies included in the review showed that the saponins and sapogenins were anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antioxidant and they modulate inflammatory cytokines mainly through the Nf-κB, TLR4 and MAPKs pathways. CONCLUSION Steroidal saponins and sapogenins are promising compounds in handling of pain and inflammation for the development of natural product-derived drugs. However, it is necessary to increase the methodological quality of preclinical studies, mainly blinding and sample size calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiolla Rocha Santos Passos
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Laboratory of Neurosciences and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondon Avenue, S/N, Rosa Elza, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Heitor Gomes Araújo-Filho
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondon Avenue, S/N, Rosa Elza, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Brenda Souza Monteiro
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondon Avenue, S/N, Rosa Elza, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Saravanan Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Lucindo José Quintans Júnior
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Laboratory of Neurosciences and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondon Avenue, S/N, Rosa Elza, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Jullyana de Souza Siqueira Quintans
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Laboratory of Neurosciences and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondon Avenue, S/N, Rosa Elza, São Cristóvão, Brazil.
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Li Y, Tan C, Li Z, Guo J, Li S, Chen X, Wang C, Dai X, Yang H, Song W, Hou L, Xu J, Tong Z, Xu A, Yuan X, Wang W, Yang Q, Chen L, Sun Z, Wang K, Pan B, Chen J, Bao Y, Liu F, Qi X, Gang DR, Wen J, Li J. The genome of Dioscorea zingiberensis sheds light on the biosynthesis, origin and evolution of the medicinally important diosgenin saponins. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac165. [PMID: 36204203 PMCID: PMC9531337 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Diosgenin saponins isolated from Dioscorea species such as D. zingiberensis exhibit a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities. Diosgenin, the aglycone of diosgenin saponins, is an important starting material for the production of steroidal drugs. However, how plants produce diosgenin saponins and the origin and evolution of the diosgenin saponin biosynthetic pathway remain a mystery. Here we report a high-quality, 629-Mb genome of D. zingiberensis anchored on 10 chromosomes with 30 322 protein-coding genes. We reveal that diosgenin is synthesized in leaves ('source'), then converted into diosgenin saponins, and finally transported to rhizomes ('sink') for storage in plants. By evaluating the distribution and evolutionary patterns of diosgenin saponins in Dioscorea species, we find that diosgenin saponin-containing may be an ancestral trait in Dioscorea and is selectively retained. The results of comparative genomic analysis indicate that tandem duplication coupled with a whole-genome duplication event provided key evolutionary resources for the diosgenin saponin biosynthetic pathway in the D. zingiberensis genome. Furthermore, comparative transcriptome and metabolite analysis among 13 Dioscorea species suggests that specific gene expression patterns of pathway genes promote the differential evolution of the diosgenin saponin biosynthetic pathway in Dioscorea species. Our study provides important insights and valuable resources for further understanding the biosynthesis, evolution, and utilization of plant specialized metabolites such as diosgenin saponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zihao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jingzhe Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Song Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiaokang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Huan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lixiu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jiali Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ziyu Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Anran Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xincheng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Weipeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Qingyong Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lingling Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Zongyi Sun
- Grandomics Biosciences, Beijing 102200, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Grandomics Biosciences, Beijing 102200, China
| | - Bo Pan
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Yinghua Bao
- Henry Fok College of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512005, China
| | - Faguang Liu
- Henry Fok College of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512005, China
| | - Xiaoquan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - David R Gang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Jun Wen
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, USA
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Gao J, Xu Y, Hua C, Li C, Zhang Y. Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterization of a Sterol 3- O-Glucosyltransferase Involved in Biosynthesis of Steroidal Saponins in Trigonella foenum-graecum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:809579. [PMID: 34966407 PMCID: PMC8710529 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.809579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), a pharmacologically important herb, is widely known for its antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, and anticancer effects. The medicinal properties of this herb are accredited to the presence of bioactive steroidal saponins with one or more sugar moieties linked to the C-3 OH position of disogenin or its C25-epimer yamogenin. Despite intensive studies regarding pharmacology and phytochemical profiles of this plant, enzymes and/or genes involved in synthesizing the glycosidic part of fenugreek steroidal saponins are still missing so far. This study reports the molecular cloning and functional characterization of a key sterol-specific glucosyltransferase, designated as TfS3GT2 here, from fenugreek plant. The recombinant TfS3GT2 was purified via expression in Escherichia coli, and biochemical characterization of the recombinant enzyme suggested its role in transferring a glucose group onto the C-3 hydroxyl group of diosgenin or yamogenin. The functional role of TfS3GT2 in the steroidal saponin biosynthesis was also demonstrated by suppressing the gene in the transgenic fenugreek hairy roots via the RNA interference (RNAi) approach. Down-regulation of TfS3GT2 in fenugreek generally led to reduced levels of diosgenin or yamogenin-derived steroidal saponins. Thus, Tf3SGT2 was identified as a steroid-specific UDP-glucose 3-O-glucosyltransferase that appears to be involved in steroidal saponin biosynthesis in T. foenum-graecum.
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Li J, Mosongo I, Li H, Wu Y, Li C, Yang S, Zhang Y. Identification and Characterization of a Trillin Rhamnosyltransferase From Dioscorea zingiberensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:713036. [PMID: 34421964 PMCID: PMC8377597 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.713036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dioscorea zingiberensis accumulates abundant steroidal saponins, such as dioscin, which is the principal bioactive ingredient displaying a wide range of pharmacological activities. Diosgenin is the aglycone of dioscin, and recently, genes encoding cytochrome P450 enzymes in the late steps of diosgenin biosynthesis have been isolated. Diosgenin was successfully synthesized in the cholesterol-producing yeasts. From diosgenin to dioscin, one glucose and two rhamnose groups need to be added. Although genes encoding UDP-glucosyltransferases converting diosgenin to trillin were isolated, genes encoding UDP-rhamnosyltransferases involved in dioscin biosynthesis remain unknown. In this study, we isolated the cDNA encoding the trillin rhamnosyltransferase (designated DzGT1) from D. zingiberensis. Heterologous expression of DzGT1 in Escherichia coli cells showed that the gene product exhibits an enzyme activity that glycosylates the trillin to form prosapogenin A of dioscin (PSA). The transcript level of DzGT1 is in accord with PSA accumulation in different organs of D. zingiberensis. Integration of the biochemical, metabolic, and transcriptional data supported the function of DzGT1 in dioscin biosynthesis. The identification and characterization of DzGT1 will help understand the metabolism of steroidal saponins in D. zingiberensis and provide candidate UDP-rhamnosyltransferase for efficient production of PSA, dioscin, and relevant steroidal saponins in microbial hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Isidore Mosongo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yalun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changfu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shihui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yansheng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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14
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Dong L, Yin L, Li R, Xu L, Xu Y, Han X, Qi Y. Dioscin alleviates lung ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating FXR-mediated oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 908:174321. [PMID: 34252440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dioscin showed various pharmacological effects in our previous studies; however, the effects and mechanisms against lung ischemia/reperfusion injury (LI/RI) have not been reported. Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) models were established using A549 and primary AEC-II cells, while LI/RI models were established in rats and mice. The effects of dioscin on oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in vivo and in vitro were investigated. The mechanisms were investigated focus on dioscin regulating FXR/LKB1 signaling pathway. Dioscin improved cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential, reduced reactive oxygen species level, and inhibited H/R-mediated cell apoptosis. It also significantly decreased the lung wet/dry weight ratio, ameliorated levels of oxidative stress indicators, and enhanced the mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibited cell apoptosis in vivo. The results of mechanism research showed that dioscin activated FXR/LKB1 signals by increasing the expression of p-LKB1 and p-AMPKα, promoting the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, up-regulating the levels of HO-1, NQO1 and GCLC, expressed against oxidative stress. Furthermore, dioscin reduced Cyt C released, decreased the expression levels of Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 during apoptosis. Dioscin suppressed inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB translocation, reducing the expression levels of NF-κB, HMGB1, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. The transfection of FXR or LKB1 siRNA further confirmed that the protective effect of dioscin against LI/RI was attributable to the regulation of FXR/LKB1 signaling pathway. Our research showed that dioscin exhibited potent activity against LI/RI, by adjusting the levels of FXR/LKB1-mediated oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation, and should be considered as a new candidate for treating LI/RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lile Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Lianhong Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Ruomiao Li
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Lina Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Youwei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yan Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian, 116044, China.
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15
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Molaei E, Molaei A, Abedi F, Hayes AW, Karimi G. Nephroprotective activity of natural products against chemical toxicants: The role of Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:3362-3384. [PMID: 34136201 PMCID: PMC8194945 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephropathy can occur following exposure of the kidneys to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is the result of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation due to intracellular catabolism or exogenous toxicant exposure. Many natural products (NPs) with antioxidant properties have been used to demonstrate that oxidative damage-induced nephrotoxicity can be ameliorated or at least reduced through stimulation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway. Nrf2 is a basic leucine zipper (bZip) transcription factor that regulates gene expression of the antioxidant response elements (ARE). Nrf2 is involved in the cellular antioxidant-detoxification machinery. Nrf2 activation is a major mechanism of nephroprotective activity for these NPs, which facilitates its entry into the nucleus, primarily by inhibiting Kelch like-ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). The purpose of this article was to review the peer-reviewed literature of NPs that have shown mitigating effects on renal disorder by stimulating Nrf2 and thereby suggesting potential new therapeutic or prophylactic strategies against kidney-damaging xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Molaei
- Faculty of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Ali Molaei
- Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Farshad Abedi
- Faculty of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | | | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research CenterInstitute of Pharmaceutical TechnologyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and ToxicologyFaculty of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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16
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Liu W, Xiang H, Zhang T, Pang X, Su J, Liu H, Ma B, Yu L. Screening and Selection of a New Medium for Diosgenin Production via Microbial Biocatalysis of Fusarium sp. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050390. [PMID: 33919111 PMCID: PMC8143133 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroidal saponins are widely used as starting precursors and medical intermediates for the semi-/total-synthesis of hundreds of steroidal drugs. One such steroidal saponin is diosgenin, which has attracted significant attention due to the huge market demand in the pharmaceutical industry. Due to water waste and severe environmental pollution, the traditional diosgenin production process based on direct acid hydrolysis is no longer used. In this study, to develop a submerged fermentation (SmF) medium for clean diosgenin production via efficient microbial biocatalysis, the Box-Behnken design (BBD) in combination with the Plackett-Burman design (PBD) was used to determine the medium compositions for Fusarium strains. Three components (wheat bran, phosphate, and Tween-80) were determined as significant factors by the PBD. Using the BBD, the three significant factors were further optimized, and the optimum values were determined for maximal diosgenin production. With 21.16 g/L of wheat bran, 9.60 g/L of phosphate, and 1.97 g/L of Tween-80, the diosgenin yield was 2.28%, i.e., 3.17 mg/L/h. The experimental values agreed with the predicted values, representing a significant increase in diosgenin production compared to its production using the basic SmF medium. For the first time, we reported the development of a new medium for Fusarium strains to produce diosgenin via microbial biocatalysis of the root of Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright (DZW). A simple-composition, low-cost, and high-efficiency medium was developed for the first time for the SmF of Fusarium strains. The medium is considered useful for large-scale SmF and may be applicable to other fungi. This study lays a solid foundation for diosgenin production in an acid-free and wastewater-free way. It may also provide fundamental support for producing other value-added products via microbial biocatalysis of low-value materials by endophytic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wancang Liu
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains, CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (W.L.); (T.Z.); (X.P.); (J.S.); (H.L.)
| | - Haibo Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430011, China;
| | - Tao Zhang
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains, CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (W.L.); (T.Z.); (X.P.); (J.S.); (H.L.)
| | - Xu Pang
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains, CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (W.L.); (T.Z.); (X.P.); (J.S.); (H.L.)
| | - Jing Su
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains, CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (W.L.); (T.Z.); (X.P.); (J.S.); (H.L.)
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains, CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (W.L.); (T.Z.); (X.P.); (J.S.); (H.L.)
| | - Baiping Ma
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China;
| | - Liyan Yu
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains, CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (W.L.); (T.Z.); (X.P.); (J.S.); (H.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-63187118
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17
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Huang J, Song W, Hua H, Yin X, Huang F, Alolga RN. Antithrombotic and anticoagulant effects of a novel protein isolated from the venom of the Deinagkistrodon acutus snake. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111527. [PMID: 33773469 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The venom of the Deinagkistrodon acutus snake is composed of numerous bioactive proteins and peptides. In this study, we report the antithrombotic and anticoagulant activities of one of such proteins, herein known as SLPC. This novel protein was isolated and purified via multi-gel chromatography. Its amino acid sequence, structure and function were then determined. This protein was found to exhibit defibration, anticoagulation and general antithrombotic effects based on the results of both in vitro and in vivo studies. Based on same studies, it was found to cleave the α, β, γ chains of fibrinogen and generally improved antiplatelet aggregation and blood rheology. A metabolomic insight of the antithrombotic effects of SLPC was found to be mainly linked to perturbations in the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, glycerophospholipid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism and other metabolic pathways. In summary, the novel protein SLPC, elicits its antithrombotic effects via degradation of fibrinogen and regulation of various thrombogenic factors in multiple metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huang
- Shenzhen Pingle Orthopedic Hospital (Shenzhen Pingshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haibing Hua
- The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangyin 214400, China
| | - Xiaojian Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Fang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Raphael N Alolga
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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18
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Shen B, Yu X, Jiang W, Yuan H, Zhao M, Zhou H, Pan Z. Green Conversion of Saponins to Diosgenin in an Alcoholysis System Catalyzed by Solid Acid Derived from Phosphorus Tailings. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:5423-5435. [PMID: 33681582 PMCID: PMC7931428 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This work proposed to prepare solid acid from phosphorus tailings and successfully convert Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H. Wright (DZW) into diosgenin from the perspective of solid waste resource reuse and clean production. The results showed that SiO2-SO3H solid acid could catalyze the production of diosgenin from total saponins under solvothermal reaction conditions. In addition, the parameters of a single factor, such as the amount of SiO2-SO3H, solvent volume, reaction temperature, and reaction time, were optimized to confirm the optimal range of reaction conditions, and the optimal process conditions were determined by the response surface method. The yield of diosgenin was 2.45 ± 0.17% under the optimum conditions, and the yield of diosgenin was increased by 12.90% compared with the traditional acid hydrolysis process. Except the relatively higher catalytic activity, the alcoholysis approach for the production of diosgenin has no waste liquid to discharge. The products were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the pathway to convert total saponins into diosgenin under SiO2-SO3H has been proposed. Moreover, the adopted catalyst can be prepared with very low cost from phosphorus tailings. Considering the obvious superiorities, the alcoholysis approach in this work could be a promising strategy for green production of diosgenin as well as a possible utilization pathway of phosphorus tailings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowei Shen
- College
of Chemistry and Environmental Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - XueJun Yu
- Three
Gorges Public Inspection and Testing Center, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Wenxiu Jiang
- College
of Chemistry and Environmental Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- College
of Chemistry and Environmental Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Mengqi Zhao
- College
of Chemistry and Environmental Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- College
of Chemistry and Environmental Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Zhiquan Pan
- College
of Chemistry and Environmental Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
- Three
Gorges Public Inspection and Testing Center, Hubei 430071, China
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19
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Xia X, Chen Y, Wang L, Yang ZG, Ma XD, Zhao ZG, Yang HJ. Synthesis of diosgenyl quaternary ammonium derivatives and their antitumor activity. Steroids 2021; 166:108774. [PMID: 33285175 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Giosgenin is a naturally steroidal saponin exhibiting a variety of biological activities including antitumor ones. A series of novel diosgenyl quaternary ammonium derivatives were designed and synthesized to develop potential anti-tumor agents in our research. All novel derivatives were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HR-MS, and evaluated for their in vitro anti-proliferative activities using MTT assay. The human cancer cell lines were A549 (Human lung cancer cell), H1975 (Human lung adenocarcinoma cell), A431 (Human skin squamous cell carcinoma), HCT-116 (Human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell), Aspc-1 (Human metastatic pancreatic cancer cell), Ramos (Human B lymphoma cell), HBE (Human bronchial epithelioid cell) and LO2 (Human normal hepatocyte).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xia
- Key Laboratory of Basic Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Basic Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Zhi-Gang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xiao-Dong Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Basic Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Hong-Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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20
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Olas B, Urbańska K, Bryś M. Saponins as Modulators of the Blood Coagulation System and Perspectives Regarding Their Use in the Prevention of Venous Thromboembolic Incidents. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215171. [PMID: 33172028 PMCID: PMC7664220 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Saponins comprise a heterogenous group of chemical compounds containing a triterpene or steroid aglycone group and at least one sugar chain. They exist as secondary metabolites, occurring frequently in dicotyledonous plants and lower marine animals. Plant saponin extracts or single saponins have indicated antiplatelet and anticoagulant activity. Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is a multifactorial disease influenced by various patient characteristics such as age, immobility, previous thromboembolism and inherited thrombophilia. This mini-review (1) evaluates the current literature on saponins as modulators of the coagulation system, (2) discusses the impact of chemical structure on the modulation of the coagulation system, which may further provide a basis for drug or supplement design, (3) examines perspectives of their use in the prevention of VTE. It also describes the molecular mechanisms of action of the saponins involved in the prevention of VTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Olas
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/3, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +48-42-6354485
| | - Karina Urbańska
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Bryś
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/3, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
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21
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Gai Y, Li Y, Xu Z, Chen J. Pseudoprotodioscin inhibits SREBPs and microRNA 33a/b levels and reduces the gene expression regarding the synthesis of cholesterol and triglycerides. Fitoterapia 2019; 139:104393. [PMID: 31669721 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The extract of Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H. Wright rhizomes is found to be effective in the therapy of cardiovascular disease. Steroidal saponins make substantial contribution. Previous study has proposed that methylprotodioscin (MP) may promote cholesterol efflux by increasing ABCA1 expression. But the other main saponins ingredients are not referred to. The aim of the present work was to reveal the effect and mechanism of protodioscin (PD), MP and pseudoprotodioscin (PPD) on the synthesis-related gene expression of cholesterol and triglycerides. MTT assay apoptosis assay with annexin AV-APC and 7-AAD double staining were performed. MicroRNA assay and qRT-PCR were used to analyze the gene expression which regulates synthesis of cholesterol and triglycerides. Western blot was to demonstrate the levels of target proteins. Cholesterol efflux assay was executed to study the stimulative effect of saponins on cholesterol efflux. In Hep G2 cells, PPD increased ABCA1 protein and mRNA levels, and promoted the effluxion of ApoA-1-mediated cholesterol. The underlying mechanisms involved that PPD inhibited SREBP1c and SREBP2 transcription by decreasing microRNA 33a/b levels. This procedure reciprocally led to the increase of ABCA1 levels. In THP-1 macrophages, PPD showed the similar effect, which reduced HMGCR, FAS and ACC mRNA levels and promoted low density lipoprotein receptor by decreasing the PCSK9 levels. These studies demonstrated that PPD is a potential agent for cholesterol efflux, SREBPs and microRNA 33a/b inhibition, which related to the gene expression for the synthesis of cholesterol and triglycerides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Gai
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Research & Development of Medicinal Plants, Jiangsu, P.O. Box1435, No.1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yingshuo Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Research & Development of Medicinal Plants, Jiangsu, P.O. Box1435, No.1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zenglai Xu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Herbarium, P.O. Box1435, No.1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Research & Development of Medicinal Plants, Jiangsu, P.O. Box1435, No.1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China.
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22
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Wu ZL, Wang J. Dioscin attenuates Bleomycin-Induced acute lung injury via inhibiting the inflammatory response in mice. Exp Lung Res 2019; 45:236-244. [PMID: 31452411 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2019.1652370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Li Wu
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Scientific Research Office, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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23
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Ehianeta TS, Shen D, Xu P, Yu B. Synthesis of spirostanol saponins via gold(I)‐catalyzed glycosylation in the presence of Ga(OTf)
3
, In(OTf)
3
, or HOTf. CHINESE J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Teddy Stephen Ehianeta
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Dacheng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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Lee HR, Kong SY, Sung SH, Kim HJ. DA-9801 and its saponins, dioscin and protodioscin, protect primary cortical neurons from hyperglycemia-induced neurotoxicity. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Olas B. Anti-Aggregatory Potential of Selected Vegetables-Promising Dietary Components for the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:280-290. [PMID: 30759176 PMCID: PMC6416036 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased blood platelet activation, especially platelet aggregation, plays an important function in cardiovascular disease; however, various dietary components may inhibit platelet activation. Recent clinical and epidemiologic studies indicate that both fruits and vegetables, and their products, contain various phytoprotective substances possessing biological properties such as antiplatelet and antioxidant effects that may work synergistically to ameliorate the effect of cardiovascular disease. In addition, the consumption of vegetables and their products may also play an important role in prevention. However, the mechanisms involved have not been clearly defined. Various studies clearly indicate that certain vegetables (e.g., onions, garlic, and tomatoes) have beneficial effects on blood platelet hyperactivity, an important cardiovascular risk factor, and hence may offer new prophylactic and therapeutic possibilities for the treatment of blood platelet hyperactivation and cardiovascular disease. This mini-review evaluates the current literature on the relationship between the consumption of onion (Allium cepa L.), garlic (Allium sativum L.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), and beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.), and blood platelet activation, which may have important implications for the prophylaxis and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Olas
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki HIRAI
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Fujiyoshida, Showa University
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Upadhyay S, Jeena GS, Shukla RK. Recent advances in steroidal saponins biosynthesis and in vitro production. PLANTA 2018; 248:519-544. [PMID: 29748819 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2911-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal saponins exhibited numerous pharmacological activities due to the modification of their backbone by different cytochrome P450s (P450) and UDP glycosyltransferases (UGTs). Plant-derived steroidal saponins are not sufficient for utilizing them for commercial purpose so in vitro production of saponin by tissue culture, root culture, embryo culture, etc, is necessary for its large-scale production. Saponin glycosides are the important class of plant secondary metabolites, which consists of either steroidal or terpenoidal backbone. Due to the existence of a wide range of medicinal properties, saponin glycosides are pharmacologically very important. This review is focused on important medicinal properties of steroidal saponin, its occurrence, and biosynthesis. In addition to this, some recently identified plants containing steroidal saponins in different parts were summarized. The high throughput transcriptome sequencing approach elaborates our understanding related to the secondary metabolic pathway and its regulation even in the absence of adequate genomic information of non-model plants. The aim of this review is to encapsulate the information related to applications of steroidal saponin and its biosynthetic enzymes specially P450s and UGTs that are involved at later stage modifications of saponin backbone. Lastly, we discussed the in vitro production of steroidal saponin as the plant-based production of saponin is time-consuming and yield a limited amount of saponins. A large amount of plant material has been used to increase the production of steroidal saponin by employing in vitro culture technique, which has received a lot of attention in past two decades and provides a way to conserve medicinal plants as well as to escape them for being endangered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Upadhyay
- Biotechnology Division (CSIR-CIMAP), Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, (CSIR-CIMAP) P.O. CIMAP (a laboratory under Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India), Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Gajendra Singh Jeena
- Biotechnology Division (CSIR-CIMAP), Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, (CSIR-CIMAP) P.O. CIMAP (a laboratory under Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India), Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Shukla
- Biotechnology Division (CSIR-CIMAP), Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, (CSIR-CIMAP) P.O. CIMAP (a laboratory under Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India), Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India.
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Zhang X, Jin M, Tadesse N, Dang J, Zhou T, Zhang H, Wang S, Guo Z, Ito Y. Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright: An overview on its traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, clinical applications, quality control, and toxicity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 220:283-293. [PMID: 29602601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright (D. zingiberensis), Dioscoreaceae, is used extensively in traditional Chinese medicines. The aim of the current review paper is to give a comprehensive overview of the traditional usage and phytochemistry of the plant. Clinical studies performed and products prepared from the plant and active principles will be mentioned. In addition a review of the taxonomy of the genus Dioscorea is given. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search on literature has been performed in databases like Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scifinder, Web of Science, and in Chinese databases (China Knowledge Resource Integrated, i.e., CNKI and Wanfang) including Ph.D. and M.Sc. dissertations. These from the period 1983-2016 have been searched. RESULTS D. zingiberensis is an endemic plant in China widely distributed in some provinces, especially Hubei and Shaanxi. The rhizomes are the medicinal part in Dun-Ye-Guan-Xin-Ning tablets and are used for isolation of diosgenin. Steroidal saponins are believed to be the active principles. More than 70 compounds have been identified. Several of these have been tested in preclinical assays and clinical trials. A wide spectrum of biological effects including cardiovascular, anti-thrombosis, hyperlipidemia, neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory, and anthelmintic effect has been verified. CONCLUSIONS Because of the promising results from the investigations on the plant material of D. zingiberensis, further in depth analyses ought to be performed to evaluate its potential as either a traditional drug or a source of bioactive principle. The presently performed studies do not explain mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics (ADME properties), or toxicity. All of these topics need more elaborate investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, China; Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Ming Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Nigatu Tadesse
- School of International Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jun Dang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Sicen Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zengjun Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Yoichiro Ito
- Laboratory of Bio-separation Technologies, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Zhou W, Li B, Li L, Ma W, Liu Y, Feng S, Wang Z. Genome survey sequencing of Dioscorea zingiberensis. Genome 2018; 61:567-574. [PMID: 29883551 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2018-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dioscorea zingiberensis (Dioscoreceae) is the main plant source of diosgenin (steroidal sapogenins), the precursor for the production of steroid hormones in the pharmaceutical industry. Despite its large economic value, genomic information of the genus Dioscorea is currently unavailable. Here, we present an initial survey of the D. zingiberensis genome performed by next-generation sequencing technology together with a genome size investigation inferred by flow cytometry. The whole genome survey of D. zingiberensis generated 31.48 Gb of sequence data with approximately 78.70× coverage. The estimated genome size is 800 Mb, with a high level of heterozygosity based on K-mer analysis. These reads were assembled into 334 288 contigs with a N50 length of 1079 bp, which were further assembled into 92 163 scaffolds with a total length of 173.46 Mb. A total of 4935 genes, 81 tRNAs, 69 rRNAs, and 661 miRNAs were predicted by the genome analysis, and 263 484 repeated sequences were obtained with 419 372 simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Among these SSRs, the mononucleotide repeat type was the most abundant (up to 54.60% of the total SSRs), followed by the dinucleotide (29.60%), trinucleotide (11.37%), tetranucleotide (3.53%), pentanucleotide (0.65%), and hexanucleotide (0.25%) repeat types. The 1C-value of D. zingiberensis was calibrated against Salvia miltiorrhiza and calculated as 0.87 pg (851 Mb) by flow cytometry, which was very close to the result of the genome survey. This is the first report of genome-wide characterization within this taxon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- a Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P.R. China.,b National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P.R. China
| | - Bin Li
- a Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P.R. China.,b National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P.R. China
| | - Lin Li
- a Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P.R. China.,b National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P.R. China
| | - Wen Ma
- a Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P.R. China.,b National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P.R. China
| | - Yuanchu Liu
- a Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P.R. China.,b National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P.R. China
| | - Shuchao Feng
- a Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P.R. China.,b National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P.R. China
| | - Zhezhi Wang
- a Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P.R. China.,b National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P.R. China
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Zhao L, Tao X, Qi Y, Xu L, Yin L, Peng J. Protective effect of dioscin against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity via adjusting microRNA-140-5p-mediated myocardial oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2018; 16. [PMID: 29524841 PMCID: PMC5953242 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.02.026 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical application of doxorubicin (DOX) is limited because of its cardiotoxicity. Thus, exploration of effective lead compounds against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity is necessary. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of dioscin against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. The in vitro model of DOX- treated H9C2 cells and the in vivo models of DOX-treated rats and mice were used in this study. The results showed that discoin markedly increased H9C2 cell viability, decreased the levels of CK, LDH, and improved histopathological and electrocardio- gram changes in rats and mice to protect DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Furthermore, dioscin significantly inhibited myocardial oxidative insult through adjusting the levels of intracellular ROS, MDA, SOD, GSH and GSH-Px in vitro and in vivo. Our data also indicated that dioscin activated Nrf2 and Sirt2 signaling pathways, and thereby affected the expression levels of HO-1, NQO1, Gst, GCLM, Keap1 and FOXO3a through decreasing miR-140-5p expression level. In addition, the level of intracellular ROS was significantly increased in H9C2 cells treated by DOX after miR-140-5p mimic transfection, as well as the down-regulated expression levels of Nrf2 and Sirt2, which were markedly reversed by dioscin. In conclusion, our data suggested that dioscin alleviated DOX-induced cardiotoxicity through modulating miR-140-5p-mediated myocardial oxidative stress. This natural product should be developed as a new candidate to alleviate cardiotoxicity caused by DOX in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xufeng Tao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yan Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lina Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lianhong Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China.
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Zhao L, Tao X, Qi Y, Xu L, Yin L, Peng J. Protective effect of dioscin against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity via adjusting microRNA-140-5p-mediated myocardial oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2018; 16:189-198. [PMID: 29524841 PMCID: PMC5953242 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical application of doxorubicin (DOX) is limited because of its cardiotoxicity. Thus, exploration of effective lead compounds against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity is necessary. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of dioscin against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. The in vitro model of DOX- treated H9C2 cells and the in vivo models of DOX-treated rats and mice were used in this study. The results showed that discoin markedly increased H9C2 cell viability, decreased the levels of CK, LDH, and improved histopathological and electrocardio- gram changes in rats and mice to protect DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Furthermore, dioscin significantly inhibited myocardial oxidative insult through adjusting the levels of intracellular ROS, MDA, SOD, GSH and GSH-Px in vitro and in vivo. Our data also indicated that dioscin activated Nrf2 and Sirt2 signaling pathways, and thereby affected the expression levels of HO-1, NQO1, Gst, GCLM, Keap1 and FOXO3a through decreasing miR-140-5p expression level. In addition, the level of intracellular ROS was significantly increased in H9C2 cells treated by DOX after miR-140-5p mimic transfection, as well as the down-regulated expression levels of Nrf2 and Sirt2, which were markedly reversed by dioscin. In conclusion, our data suggested that dioscin alleviated DOX-induced cardiotoxicity through modulating miR-140-5p-mediated myocardial oxidative stress. This natural product should be developed as a new candidate to alleviate cardiotoxicity caused by DOX in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xufeng Tao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yan Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lina Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lianhong Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China.
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Ou-Yang SH, Jiang T, Zhu L, Yi T. Dioscorea nipponica Makino: a systematic review on its ethnobotany, phytochemical and pharmacological profiles. Chem Cent J 2018; 12:57. [PMID: 29748731 PMCID: PMC5945570 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-018-0423-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioscorea nipponica Makino is a perennial twining herbs belonging to the family Dioscoreaceae, which is mainly distributed in the northeastern, northern, eastern and central regions of China. Traditionally, the rhizome of this herb has been commonly used by Miao and Meng ethnic groups of China to treat rheumatoid arthritis, pain in the legs and lumbar area, Kashin Beck disease, bruises, sprains, chronic bronchitis, cough and asthma. Modern pharmacological studies have discovered that this herb possesses anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-diuretic, analgesic, anti-tussive, panting-calming and phlegm-dispelling activities, along with enhancing immune function and improving cardiovascular health. In recent years, both fat-soluble and water-soluble steroidal saponins were isolated from the rhizomes of D. nipponica using silica gel column chromatography, thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography methods. Saponin and sapogenins are mainly responsible for most of the pharmacological effects of this plant. Further, the chemical components of the aboveground parts contain more than 10 kinds of phenanthrene derivatives. The present review summarizes the knowledge concerning the geographical distribution, chemical composition, pharmacological effects, toxicology studies and clinical applications of D. nipponica. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Hong Ou-Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Leshan Normal College, Leshan, 614004, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Tao Yi
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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Ligor M, Ratiu IA, Kiełbasa A, Al-Suod H, Buszewski B. Extraction approaches used for the determination of biologically active compounds (cyclitols, polyphenols and saponins) isolated from plant material. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:1860-1874. [PMID: 29603754 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Based on the bioactive properties of certain compounds, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, an interesting subject of research are natural substances present in various parts of plants. The choice of the most appropriate method for separation and quantification of biologically active compounds from plants and natural products is a crucial step of any analytical procedure. The aim of this review article is to present an overview of a comprehensive literature study from the last 10 years (2007-2017), where relevant articles exposed the latest trends and the most appropriate methods applicable for separation and quantification of biologically active compounds from plant material and natural products. Consequently, various extraction methods have been discussed, together with the available procedures for purification and pre-concentration and dedicated methods used for analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Ligor
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Ileana-Andreea Ratiu
- Babeş-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Anna Kiełbasa
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Hossam Al-Suod
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
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Protective effects of dioscin against fructose-induced renal damage via adjusting Sirt3-mediated oxidative stress, fibrosis, lipid metabolism and inflammation. Toxicol Lett 2018; 284:37-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Singh D, Chaudhuri PK. Structural characteristics, bioavailability and cardioprotective potential of saponins. Integr Med Res 2018; 7:33-43. [PMID: 29629289 PMCID: PMC5884006 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death, accounting about 31% deaths globally in 2012. The major risk factors causing cardiovascular diseases are coronary atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, myocardial infarction, and stroke. The dominating cause of cardiovascular diseases is accredited to our modern lifestyle and diet. Medicinal plants have been used for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases from centuries. The in built chirality and chemical space of natural products have been playing an important role in providing leads and templates for pharmacophore synthesis. This review highlights one of the important naturally occurring class saponins and their role in cardioprotection along with structural characteristics and pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, Ca2+ ion regulation, antiapoptotic, antiatherosclerosis, antihyperlipidemic, hypocholesterolemic, angiogenic, vasodilatory, and hypotensive. The characteristic cholesterol lowering, hemolytic, and anticoagulant properties of the saponins prompted us to select as one of the natural products class for cardioprotection. This review covers the most updated information on saponins related to their cardioprotective effects, mechanism of action, bioavailability, and structure activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Singh
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP-CSIR), Lucknow, India
| | - Prabir Kumar Chaudhuri
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP-CSIR), Lucknow, India
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An LC–MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of nine steroidal saponins from Paris polyphylla var. in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 145:675-681. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Li C, Lu Y, Du S, Li S, Zhang Y, Liu F, Chen Y, Weng D, Chen J. Dioscin Exerts Protective Effects Against Crystalline Silica-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice. Theranostics 2017; 7:4255-4275. [PMID: 29158824 PMCID: PMC5695011 DOI: 10.7150/thno.20270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhalation of crystalline silica particles leads to pulmonary fibrosis, eventually resulting in respiratory failure and death. There are few effective drugs that can delay the progression of this disease; thus, patients with silicosis are usually only offered supportive care. Dioscin, a steroidal saponin, exhibits many biological activities and health benefits including its protective effects against hepatic fibrosis. However, the effect of dioscin on silicosis is unknown. Methods: We employed experimental mouse mode of silicosis. Different doses of dioscin were gavaged to the animals 1 day after crystalline silica instillation to see the effect of dioscin on crystalline silica induced pulmonary fibrosis. Also, we used RAW264.7 and NIH-3T3 cell lines to explore dioscin effects on macrophages and fibroblasts. Dioscin was also oral treatment but 10 days after crystalline silica instillation to see its effect on established pulmonary fibrosis. Results: Dioscin treatment reduced pro-inflammation and pro-fibrotic cytokine secretion by modulating innate and adaptive immune responses. It also reduced the recruitment of fibrocytes, protected epithelial cells from crystalline silica injury, inhibited transforming growth factor beta/Smad3 signaling and fibroblast activation. Together, these effects delayed the progression of crystalline silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The mechanism by which dioscin treatment alleviated CS-induced inflammation appeared to be via the reduction of macrophage, B lymphocyte, and T lymphocte infiltration into lung. Dioscin inhibits macrophages and fibroblasts from secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines and may also function as a modulator of T helper cells responses, concurrent with attenuated phosphorylation of the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1-p38/c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway. Also, dioscin could block the phosphorylation of Smad3 in fibroblast. Oral treatment of dioscin could also effectively postpone the progression of established silicosis. Conclusion: Oral treatment dioscin delays crystalline silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis and exerts pulmonary protective effects in mice. Dioscin may be a novel and potent candidate for protection against crystalline silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Zhu C, Bao N, Chen S, Zhao J. Dioscin enhances osteoblastic cell differentiation and proliferation by inhibiting cell autophagy via the ASPP2/NF-κβ pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4922-4926. [PMID: 28849197 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioscin, a typical steroid saponin, has been reported to promote osteoblastic cell differentiation. However, the underling mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In the present study, it was identified that dioscin (0.5, 1, 5, 10 and 25 µg/ml) promoted MC3T3‑E1 cell proliferation and differentiation in a dose‑dependent manner. Western blot analysis showed that dioscin regulated autophagy‑associated protein expression in MC3T3‑E1 cells; it promoted the expression of apoptosis stimulated protein of p53‑2 (ASPP2), and inhibited the expression of nuclear factor (NF)‑κβ and microtubule‑associated protein 1 light chain 3β, in a concentration‑dependent manner. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) was used to inhibit the activation of NF‑κB and examine the effect of the ASPP2/NF‑κβ pathway on osteoblastic cell differentiation, proliferation and autophagy. It was identified that CAPE reversed the regulation of dioscin on osteoblastic cell differentiation, proliferation and autophagy. In conclusion, the present study revealed that dioscin promoted osteoblast proliferation and differentiation by inhibiting cell autophagy via the ASPP2/NF‑κβ pathway. These results are the first, to the best of our knowledge, to reveal the involvement of autophagy in the effects of dioscin on the prevention and therapy of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Nirong Bao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Jianning Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
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Tang GY, Meng X, Li Y, Zhao CN, Liu Q, Li HB. Effects of Vegetables on Cardiovascular Diseases and Related Mechanisms. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9080857. [PMID: 28796173 PMCID: PMC5579650 DOI: 10.3390/nu9080857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that vegetable consumption is inversely related to the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, research has indicated that many vegetables like potatoes, soybeans, sesame, tomatoes, dioscorea, onions, celery, broccoli, lettuce and asparagus showed great potential in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, and vitamins, essential elements, dietary fibers, botanic proteins and phytochemicals were bioactive components. The cardioprotective effects of vegetables might involve antioxidation; anti-inflammation; anti-platelet; regulating blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipid profile; attenuating myocardial damage; and modulating relevant enzyme activities, gene expression, and signaling pathways as well as some other biomarkers associated to cardiovascular diseases. In addition, several vegetables and their bioactive components have been proven to protect against cardiovascular diseases in clinical trials. In this review, we analyze and summarize the effects of vegetables on cardiovascular diseases based on epidemiological studies, experimental research, and clinical trials, which are significant to the application of vegetables in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Yi Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Xiao Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Ya Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Cai-Ning Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Qing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
- South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Zhang Y, Tao X, Yin L, Xu L, Xu Y, Qi Y, Han X, Song S, Zhao Y, Lin Y, Liu K, Peng J. Protective effects of dioscin against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity via the microRNA-34a/sirtuin 1 signalling pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:2512-2527. [PMID: 28514495 PMCID: PMC5513863 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Dioscin exhibits a range of pharmacological actions but little is known of its effects on cisplatin (CDDP)-induced nephrotoxicity. Here, we have assessed the effects and the possible mechanisms of dioscin against CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used an in vivo model of CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity in rats and mice and, in vitro, cultures of NRK-52E and HK-2 cells. The dual luciferase reporter assay was used to demonstrate modulation, by dioscin, of the targeting of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) by microRNA (miR)-34a. Molecular docking assays were used to analyse the effects of dioscin with Sirt1, Keap1 and NF-κB. KEY RESULTS Dioscin attenuated cell damage in vitro and decreased renal injury in rats and mice, treated with CDDP. In terms of mechanisms, dioscin reversed CDDP-induced up-regulation of miR-34a and thus up-regulated Sirt1 levels. In addition, dioscin altered levels of haem oxygenase 1, glutathione-cysteine ligase subunits (GCLC, GCLM) and Keap1, along with increased nuclear translocation of Nrf2, thus decreasing oxidative stress. Also, dioscin affected levels of AP-1, COX-2, HMGB1, IκB-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and decreased the ratio of acetylated NF-κB and normal NF-κB, to suppress inflammation. From molecular docking assays, dioscin directly bound to Sirt1, Keap1 and NF-κBp65 by hydrogen bonding and/or hydrophobic interactions. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results have linked CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity and the miR-34a/Sirt1 signalling pathway, which was modulated by dioscin. This natural product could be developed as a new candidate to alleviate CDDP-induced renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Zhang
- College of PharmacyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Xufeng Tao
- College of PharmacyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Lianhong Yin
- College of PharmacyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Lina Xu
- College of PharmacyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Youwei Xu
- College of PharmacyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Yan Qi
- College of PharmacyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Xu Han
- College of PharmacyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Shasha Song
- College of PharmacyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- College of PharmacyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Yuan Lin
- College of PharmacyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Kexin Liu
- College of PharmacyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Jinyong Peng
- College of PharmacyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
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Oyama M, Tokiwano T, Kawaii S, Yoshida Y, Mizuno K, Oh K, Yoshizawa Y. Protodioscin, Isolated from the Rhizome of Dioscorea tokoro Collected in Northern Japan is the Major Antiproliferative Compound to HL-60
Leukemic Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 13:170-174. [PMID: 28579930 PMCID: PMC5396219 DOI: 10.2174/1573407213666170113123428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: Background: The rhizome of Oni-dokoro (a wild yam, Dioscorea tokoro) has extremely bitter taste and is not generally regarded edible;, however, in northern part of Japan, such as Iwate and a part of Aomori, it is used as health promoting food. To clarify the reason, we examined the biologically active compounds in the rhizome collected at Iwate and compared them from the other area in literature. Methods: The acetonitrile extract from northern part of Japan was purified by bioassay-guided separation using antiproliferative activity to human leukemia HL-60 cell, and protodioscin (PD) was isolated and identified by instrumental analyses as the major active compound. Results: PD known as a saponin with four sugar moieties, an inhibitor for platelet aggregation, and a low density lipoprotein (LPL) lowering agent, displayed strong growth inhibitory effect to HL-60. The literature search suggested that the rhizome from other area contained dioscin and other saponins with three sugar moieties as their major component. We assume that the edible and health promoting effect of the rhizome in the particular area is partially derived from these different components. Conclusion: We were interested in the differences of utilization in the rhizome of wild yam Dioscorea tokoro, and examined the chemical composition in the rhizome to find protodioscin as antiproliferative compound to HL-60. In the report from other area, the rhizome exhibited dioscin as the major compound. Our study indicated that the protodioscin/dioscin composition varied regionally, although the reason is still needs to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Oyama
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Tokiwano
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Satoru Kawaii
- Laboratory of
Bio-organic Chemistry, Tokyo Denki University, Hatoyama, Saitama, 350-0394, Japan
| | - Yasunori Yoshida
- Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Production Management, Akita Prefectural University, Ogata, 010-0444, Japan
| | - Kouichi Mizuno
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Keimei Oh
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Yuko Yoshizawa
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
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Zhao J, Xu Y, Wang C, Ding Y, Chen M, Wang Y, Peng J, Li L, Lv L. Soluplus/TPGS mixed micelles for dioscin delivery in cancer therapy. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 43:1197-1204. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1304956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Youwei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Yanfang Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Manyu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Yifei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Li Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
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Yao H, Xu Y, Yin L, Tao X, Xu L, Qi Y, Han X, Sun P, Liu K, Peng J. Dioscin Protects ANIT-Induced Intrahepatic Cholestasis Through Regulating Transporters, Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:116. [PMID: 28337145 PMCID: PMC5340742 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholestasis, a clinical syndrome, is caused by excessive accumulation of bile acids in body and liver. Proper regulation of bile acids in liver cells is critical for liver injury. We previously reported the effects of dioscin against α-naphthylisothio- cyanate (ANIT)-induced cholestasis in rats. However, the pharmacological and mechanism data are limited. In our work, the animals of rats and mice, and Sandwich-cultured hepatocytes (SCHs) were caused by ANIT, and dioscin was used for the treatment. The results showed that dioscin markedly altered relative liver weights, restored ALT, AST, ALP, TBIL, GSH, GSH-Px, MDA, SOD levels, and rehabilitated ROS level and cell apoptosis. In mechanism study, dioscin not only significantly regulated the protein levels of Ntcp, OAT1, OCT1, Bsep and Mrp2 to accelerate bile acids excretion, but also regulated the expression levels of Bak, Bcl-xl, Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase 3 and Caspase 9 in vivo and in vitro to improve apoptosis. In addition, dioscin markedly inhibited PI3K/Akt pathway and up-regulated the levels of Nrf2, GCLc, GCLm, NQO1 and HO-1 against oxidative stress (OS) caused by bile acids. These results were further validated by inhibition of PI3K and Akt using the inhibitors of wortmannin and perifosine in SCHs. Our data showed that dioscin had good action against ANIT-caused intrahepatic cholestasis through regulating transporters, apoptosis and OS. This natural product can be considered as one active compound to treat intrahepatic cholestasis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Youwei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Lianhong Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Xufeng Tao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Lina Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Yan Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Xu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Pengyuan Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
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Zhang Y, Xu Y, Qi Y, Xu L, Song S, Yin L, Tao X, Zhen Y, Han X, Ma X, Liu K, Peng J. Protective effects of dioscin against doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity via adjusting FXR-mediated oxidative stress and inflammation. Toxicology 2017; 378:53-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Si L, Xu L, Yin L, Qi Y, Han X, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Liu K, Peng J. Potent effects of dioscin against pancreatic cancer via miR-149-3P-mediated inhibition of the Akt1 signalling pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:553-568. [PMID: 28095588 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects and possible underlying mechanisms of dioscin against pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In vitro actions of dioscin on viability of ASPC-1 and PANC-1 cells, and in vivo effects to suppress the tumour growth of cell xenografts in nude mice were assessed. In addition, microRNA microarray analysis determined which microRNAs were affected by dioscin. The mechanisms underlying the actions of dioscin against pancreatic cancer were elucidated in terms of Akt1 and other proteins related to aopoptosis. KEY RESULTS Dioscin markedly induced apoptosis and significantly suppressed the tumour growth of ASPC-1 and PANC-1 cell xenografts, in nude mice. Total of 107 microRNAs with differential changes were found, in which miR-149-3P targeted with Akt1 was markedly up-regulated by dioscin. Further studies showed that dioscin significantly down-regulated Akt1 levels, and thus induced cell apoptosis by increasing the levels of Bax, Apaf-1, cleaved caspase-3/9, cleaved PARP, suppressing Bcl-2 levels, and causing cytochrome c release. The effects of an inhibitor of miR-149-3P and of siRNA of testicular Akt1 suggested that dioscin showed excellent activity against pancreatic cancer via miR- 149-3P-mediated inhibition of Akt1 signalling pathway. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Collectively, these findings confirmed the potent effects of dioscin against pancreatic cancer and also provided novel insights into the mechanisms of the compound as a potential candidate for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Si
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lina Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lianhong Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Youwei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Hu Y, Tao X, Han X, Xu L, Yin L, Qi Y, Zhao Y, Xu Y, Wang C, Peng J. Dioscin attenuates gastric ischemia/reperfusion injury through the down-regulation of PKC/ERK1/2 signaling via PKCα and PKCβ2 inhibition. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 258:234-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Dioscin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory kidney injury via the microRNA let-7i/TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:509-522. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Yao H, Qiao YJ, Zhao YL, Tao XF, Xu LN, Yin LH, Qi Y, Peng JY. Herbal medicines and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:6890-6905. [PMID: 27570425 PMCID: PMC4974587 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i30.6890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver of patients who consume little or no alcohol, becomes increasingly common with rapid economic development. Long-term excess fat accumulation leads to NAFLD and represents a global health problem with no effective therapeutic approach. NAFLD is considered to be a series of complex, multifaceted pathological processes involving oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and metabolism. Over the past decades, herbal medicines have garnered growing attention as potential therapeutic agents to prevent and treat NAFLD, due to their high efficacy and low risk of side effects. In this review, we evaluate the use of herbal medicines (including traditional Chinese herbal formulas, crude extracts from medicinal plants, and pure natural products) to treat NAFLD. These herbal medicines are natural resources that can inform innovative drug research and the development of treatments for NAFLD in the future.
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Hong Q, Ma ZC, Huang H, Wang YG, Tan HL, Xiao CR, Liang QD, Zhang HT, Gao Y. Antithrombotic activities of ferulic acid via intracellular cyclic nucleotide signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 777:1-8. [PMID: 26948317 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ferulic acid (FA) produces protective effects against cardiovascular dysfunctions. However, the mechanisms of FA is still not known. Here we examined the antithrombotic effects of FA and its potential mechanisms. Anticoagulation assays and platelet aggregation was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Thromboxane B2 (TXB2), cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP), and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) was determined using enzyme immunoassay kits. Nitric oxide (NO) production was measured using the Griess reaction. Protein expression was detected by Western blotting analysis. Oral administration of FA prevented death caused by pulmonary thrombosis and prolonged the tail bleeding and clotting time in mice,while, it did not alter the coagulation parameters, including the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), and thrombin time (TT). In addition, FA (50-200 µM) dose-dependently inhibited platelet aggregation induced by various platelet agonists, including adenosine diphosphate (ADP), thrombin, collagen, arachidonic acid (AA), and U46619. Further, FA attenuated intracellular Ca(2)(+) mobilization and TXB2 production induced by the platelet agonists. FA increased the levels of cAMP and cGMP and phosphorylated vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) while decreased phospho-MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) and phosphodiesterase (PDE) in washed rat platelets, VASP is a substrate of cyclic nucleotide and PDE is an enzyme family responsible for hydrolysis of cAMP/cGMP. These results suggest that antithrombotic activities of FA may be regulated by inhibition of platelet aggregation, rather than through inhibiting the release of thromboplastin or formation of thrombin. The mechanism of this action may involve activation of cAMP and cGMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hong
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China; No. 97 Hospital of CPLA, 226 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221000, PR China
| | - Zeng-Chun Ma
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Hao Huang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Yu-Guang Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Hong-Ling Tan
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Cheng-Rong Xiao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Qian-De Liang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Han-Ting Zhang
- Departments of Behavioral Medicine & Psychiatry and Physiology & Pharmacology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - Yue Gao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China.
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