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Zhang L, Xie Y, Liang X, Yin L, He C, Yin Z, Yue G, Zou Y, Li L, Song X, Tang H. Synthesis of structurally diverse derivatives of aconitine-type diterpenoid alkaloids and their anti-proliferative effects on canine breast cancer cells. Bioorg Chem 2023; 135:106501. [PMID: 37015152 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most common malignancies in female dogs, no drugs have been developed specifically for the treatment of canine mammary carcinoma. In our previous study, a series of diterpenoid alkaloids derivatives were synthesized and exhibited good anti-proliferative activity in vitro against both normal and adriamycin-resistant human breast cancer cells lines. In this study, a series of structurally diverse aconitine-type alkaloids derivatives were also synthesized basing on the minimal modification principle, by modifying on A-ring, C-ring, D-ring, N-atom or salt formation on aconitine skeleton. Their anti-proliferative effects and mechanism on canine mammary cancer cells were investigated, exhibiting the importance of the substitution at A ring, the long chain ester at the C8, the hydroxyl group at the C13, the phenyl ring at the C14 and the N-ethyl group, while the methoxy group at the C1 and C16 showed little effect on the activity. The results of the proliferation, apoptosis and ultrastructure tests of the treated canine mammary carcinoma cells referred that the representative compound, aconitine linoleate (25) could block the cell cycle of canine mammary carcinoma cells in the G0/G1 phase, and exhibit the anti-proliferative effect by inducing apoptosis.
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2
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Qasem AMA, Zeng Z, Rowan MG, Blagbrough IS. Norditerpenoid alkaloids from Aconitum and Delphinium: structural relevance in medicine, toxicology, and metabolism. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 39:460-473. [PMID: 34636385 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00029b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 77 A.D. up to 2020Norditerpenoid alkaloids (NDA), typically N-ethylpiperidine containing C19 or C18 natural product diterpenes, are hexacycles with several contiguous often oxygenated stereocentres. As a function of their structural complexity, they display important pharmacological activities. The processed plants are used as important folk drugs and four NDAs have now been clinically approved. Many metabolism studies on Aconitum alkaloids have been reported as the understanding of their biotransformation in living systems and in cell-free systems is important for the development of these alkaloids as drugs. This Highlight sets out the missing links in NDA biosynthesis, their biological applications, SAR, toxicity, metabolism, and analytical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf M A Qasem
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Ziyu Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Michael G Rowan
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Ian S Blagbrough
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
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3
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Qiu ZD, Zhang X, Wei XY, Chingin K, Xu JQ, Gao W, Yang B, Wang SL, Tan T, Liu EH, Xu HY, Cui GH, Guo J, Wang YN, Shen Y, Zhao YJ, Chen HW, Lai CJS, Huang LQ. Online discovery of the molecular mechanism for directionally detoxification of Fuzi using real-time extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 277:114216. [PMID: 34044076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux, a famous traditional medicinal herb for collapse, rheumatic fever, and painful joints, always raises global concerns about its fatal toxicity from toxic alkaloids when improperly processed. Therefore, it is urgent to clarify the internal molecular mechanism of processing detoxification on Aconitum and develop simple and reliable approaches for clinical application, which is also of great significance to the rational medicinal use of Aconitum. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aimed at developing a complete molecular mechanism exploration strategy in complex medicinal herb decocting system, clarifying the internal molecular mechanism of processing detoxification on Aconitum, and exploring valid approaches for detoxification. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi) was selected as the model for exploring the complex Aconitum detoxification mechanism using an advanced online real-time platform based on extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The methods realized the sensitive capture of dynamic trace intermediates, accurate qualitative and quantitative analysis, and real-time and long-term monitoring of multi-components with satisfactory accuracy and resistance to complex matrices. RESULTS Components in the complex Aconitum decocting system were real-timely characterized and fat meat was discovered and verified to directionally detoxify Aconitum while reserving the therapy effect. More importantly, the dynamic detoxification mechanism in the chemically complex Aconitum decoction was molecularly profiled. A novel reaction pathway based on nucleophilic substitution reaction mechanism was proposed. As confirmed by the theoretic calculations at DFT B3LYP/6-31G (d) levels, fatty acids (e.g., palmitic acid) acted as a green, cheap, and high-performance catalyst and promote the decomposition of toxic diester alkaloids to non-toxic and active benzoyl-monoester alkaloids through the discovered mechanism. CONCLUSION The study exposed a novel detoxification molecular mechanism of Aconitum and provided an effective method for the safe use of Aconitum, which could effectively guide the development of traditional processing technology and compatibility regulation of the toxic herb and had great value to the modernization and standardization development of traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Dong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry, Biology and Material Sciences, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Xu-Ya Wei
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Konstantin Chingin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry, Biology and Material Sciences, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Jia-Quan Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry, Biology and Material Sciences, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Bin Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medical, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Shuang-Long Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry, Biology and Material Sciences, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Ting Tan
- The National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - E-Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Hai-Yu Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medical, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Guang-Hong Cui
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Ye Shen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Yu-Jun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Huan-Wen Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry, Biology and Material Sciences, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, PR China.
| | - Chang-Jiang-Sheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China.
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
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Aconitine Induces TRPV2-Mediated Ca 2+ Influx through the p38 MAPK Signal and Promotes Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9567056. [PMID: 34512785 PMCID: PMC8426055 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9567056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aconitine is the main effective component of traditional Chinese medicine Aconitum, which has been proved to have severe cardiovascular toxicity. The toxic effect of aconitine on cardiomyocytes is related to intracellular calcium overload, but the mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of aconitine inducing intracellular Ca2+ overload and promoting H9c2 cardiomyocyte apoptosis through transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 2 (TRPV2). After treated with different concentrations of aconitine, the level of cell apoptosis, intracellular Ca2+, and expression of p-p38 MAPK and TRPV2 of H9c2 cardiomyocytes were detected. The results showed that aconitine induced Ca2+ influx and H9c2 cardiomyocyte apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner and promoted p38 MAPK activation as well as TRPV2 expression and plasma membrane (PM) metastasis. siTRPV2, tranilast, and SB202190 reversed intracellular Ca2+ overload and H9c2 cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by aconitine. These results suggested that aconitine promoted TRPV2 expression and PM metastasis through p38 MAPK signaling, thus inducing intracellular Ca2+ overload and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Furthermore, TRPV2 is a potential molecular target for the treatment of aconitine poisoning.
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Herbal Active Ingredients: Potential for the Prevention and Treatment of Acute Lung Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5543185. [PMID: 34258266 PMCID: PMC8245226 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5543185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening clinical syndrome with high morbidity and mortality. The main pathological features of ALI are increased alveolar-capillary membrane permeability, edema, uncontrolled migration of neutrophils to the lungs, and diffuse alveolar damage, resulting in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Glucocorticoids, aspirin, and other anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly used to treat ALI. Respiratory supports, such as a ventilator, are used to alleviate hypoxemia. Many treatment methods are available, but they cannot significantly ameliorate the quality of life of patients with ALI and reduce mortality rates. Herbal active ingredients, such as flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, alkaloids, and quinonoids, exhibit advantages for ALI prevention and treatment, but the underlying mechanism needs further study. This paper summarizes the role of herbal active ingredients in anti-ALI therapy and progresses in the understanding of their mechanisms. The work also provides some references and insights for the discovery and development of novel drugs for ALI prevention and treatment.
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Xia Q, Gao S, Rapael Gnanamuthu SR, Zhuang K, Song Z, Zhang Y, Wang X, Tu P, Li J, Liu K. Involvement of Nrf2-HO-1/JNK-Erk Signaling Pathways in Aconitine-Induced Developmental Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and ROS-Mitochondrial Apoptosis in Zebrafish Embryos. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:642480. [PMID: 33967776 PMCID: PMC8097150 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.642480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aconitine (AC), one of the bioactive diterpenoid alkaloids extracted from Aconitum plants, is widely used in traditional herbal medicine to treat various diseases. Emerging evidence indicates that AC has attracted great interest for its wide cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity. However, the toxic effects of AC on embryonic development and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, a developmental toxicity assay of AC was performed on zebrafish embryos from 4 to 96 h post fertilization (hpf), and its underlying mechanisms were discussed. AC exposure impaired the cardiac, liver, and neurodevelopment. Especially, a high dose of AC (7.27 and 8.23 μM) exposure resulted in malformations at 72 and 96 hpf, including reduced body length, curved body shape, pericardial edema, yolk retention, swim bladder and brain developmental deficiency, and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. High-concentration AC exposure caused a deficient cardiovascular system with cardiac dysfunctions, increased heart rates at 72 and 96 hpf, and reduced locomotor behavior at 120 hpf. AC treatment significantly increased the ROS level and triggered cell apoptosis in the heart and brain regions of embryos at 96 hpf in 7.27 and 8.23 μM AC treatment zebrafish. Oxidative stress was confirmed by reduced levels of T-SOD activity associated with accumulation of lipid peroxidation in larvae. The expression levels of oxidative stress-related genes (Nrf2, HO-1, Cat, and Sod-1) Erk1/2 and Bcl-2 were significantly downregulated at 96 hpf. The expression pattern of JNK and mitochondrial apoptosis-related genes (Bad, Bax, Cyto C, Casp-9, and Casp-3) was significantly upregulated. Taken together, all these parameters collectively provide the first evidence of AC-induced developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryo/larvae through ROS-medicated mitochondrial apoptosis involving Nrf2/HO-1 and JNK/Erk pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xia
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Shuo Gao
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,School of Pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Samuel Rajendran Rapael Gnanamuthu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Kaiyan Zhuang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Song
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China.,School of Pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianheng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Kechun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Jinan, China
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7
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Zhang X, Shang YS, Gao F, Fang DM, Li XH, Zhou XL. Synthesis and Evaluation of a Series of New Bulleyaconitine A Derivatives as Analgesics. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:21211-21218. [PMID: 32875257 PMCID: PMC7450621 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As a nonaddictive analgesic widely used in clinics, the LD50 of bulleyaconitine A is just only 0.92 mg/kg, which exhibits obvious toxicity. Therefore, 31 new non-natural C19-diterpenoid alkaloids (2a-w, 2'a-e, 3, 4a, and 4b) were designed and synthesized from bulleyaconitine A to develop nonaddictive analgesics with low toxicity. The chemical structures were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) spectra. The analgesic activities were evaluated by a hot plate test in mice. At the dosage of 10 mg/kg, six compounds (2d, 2j, 2k, 2m, 2t, 2w) exhibited good analgesic activities (increased pain threshold >100%) with a long duration. Among them, 2w showed the best analgesic activity and the longest duration. Its pain threshold reached 166.35% in 15 min, peaked at 30 min (182.35%), and remained 82.59% even at 60 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- School
of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest
Jiaotong University, No. 111, Erhuan Road, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Shan Shang
- School
of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest
Jiaotong University, No. 111, Erhuan Road, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- School
of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest
Jiaotong University, No. 111, Erhuan Road, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Mei Fang
- Chengdu
Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9, Section 4, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Huan Li
- School
of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest
Jiaotong University, No. 111, Erhuan Road, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Li Zhou
- School
of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest
Jiaotong University, No. 111, Erhuan Road, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
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8
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Wang X, Lin Y, Zheng Y. Antitumor effects of aconitine in A2780 cells via estrogen receptor β‑mediated apoptosis, DNA damage and migration. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:2318-2328. [PMID: 32705198 PMCID: PMC7411431 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OVCA) is the deadliest type of malignant gynecological disease, and previous studies have demonstrated that estrogen receptor β (ERβ) serves important roles in this disease. Aconitine, a toxin produced by the Aconitum plant, displays potent effects against cancers. The aim of the study was to investigate the pharmacological activities and mechanisms of aconitum on OVCA. In the present study, the activity of aconitine in the human OVCA A2780 cell line was investigated. The results revealed that aconitine suppressed cell viability, colony formation and motility. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling, mitochondria membrane potential and comet assays showed that aconitine induced mitochondria apoptosis and DNA damage in A2780 cells. Investigation of the mechanism revealed that a high expression of ERβ and prolyl hydroxylase 2 was detected after aconitine treatment, and aconitine significantly suppressed the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α to activate ERβ signaling. Moreover, the expression levels of p53, Bax, apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1, cytochrome C, cleaved caspase-3/9 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase were upregulated, and the expression levels of Bcl-2, Bcl-xl and phosphorylated ATM serine/threonine kinase were downregulated by aconitine. Interestingly, aconitine also markedly downregulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and MMP9, which are associated with tumor invasion. In addition, a molecular docking assay revealed that aconitine exerted strong affinity towards ERβ mainly through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic effects. Collectively, these results suggested that aconitine suppressed OVCA cell growth by adjusting ERβ-mediated apoptosis, DNA damage and migration, which should be considered a potential option for the future treatment of OVCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuying Wang
- Pharmaceutical Preparation Section, People's Hospital of Weifang High‑tech Zone, Weifang, Shangdong 261205, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Lin
- Department of Nursing, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
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Wang Y, Qin S, Jia J, Huang L, Li F, Jin F, Ren Z, Wang Y. Intestinal Microbiota-Associated Metabolites: Crucial Factors in the Effectiveness of Herbal Medicines and Diet Therapies. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1343. [PMID: 31736775 PMCID: PMC6828839 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the efficacy of herbal medicines (HMs) and traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) in human diseases has long been recognized, their development has been hindered in part by a lack of a comprehensive understanding of their mechanisms of action. Indeed, most of the compounds extracted from HMs can be metabolized into specific molecules by host microbiota and affect pharmacokinetics and toxicity. Moreover, HMs modulate the constitution of host intestinal microbiota to maintain a healthy gut ecology. Dietary interventions also show great efficacy in treating some refractory diseases, and the commensal microbiota potentially has significant implications for the high inter-individual differences observed in such responses. Herein, we mainly discuss the contribution of the intestinal microbiota to high inter-individual differences in response to HMs and TCMs, and especially the already known metabolites of the HMs produced by the intestinal microbiota. The contribution of commensal microbiota to the inter-individual differences in response to dietary therapy is also briefly discussed. This review highlights the significance of intestinal microbiota-associated metabolites to the efficiency of HMs and dietary interventions. Our review may help further identify the mechanisms leading to the inter-individual differences in the effectiveness of HM and dietary intervention from the perspective of their interactions with the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiliang Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shurong Qin
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaoyan Jia
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianzhou Huang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Li
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fujun Jin
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Ren
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Peng F, Zhang N, Wang C, Wang X, Huang W, Peng C, He G, Han B. Aconitine induces cardiomyocyte damage by mitigating BNIP3-dependent mitophagy and the TNFα-NLRP3 signalling axis. Cell Prolif 2019; 53:e12701. [PMID: 31657084 PMCID: PMC6985658 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Aconitine, the natural product extracted from Aconitum species, is widely used for the treatment of various diseases, including rheumatism, arthritis, bruises, fractures and pains. However, many studies have reported cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity caused by aconitine, but the detailed mechanism underlying aconitine's effect on these processes remains unclear. Materials and methods The effects of aconitine on the inflammation, apoptosis and viability of H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes were evaluated by flow cytometry, Western blot, RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Results Aconitine suppressed cardiomyocyte proliferation and induced inflammation and apoptosis in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. These inflammatory damages could be reversed by a TNFα inhibitor and BNIP3‐mediated mitophagy. Consistent with the in vitro results, overexpression of BNIP3 in heart tissue partially suppressed the cardiotoxicity of aconitine by inhibiting apoptosis and the NLRP3 inflammasome. Conclusions Our findings lay a foundation for the application of a TNFα inhibitor and BNIP3 to aconitine‐induced cardiac toxicity prevention and therapy, thereby demonstrating potential for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Peng
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunting Wang
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Gu He
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Han
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Tarbe M, de Pomyers H, Mugnier L, Bertin D, Ibragimov T, Gigmes D, Mabrouk K. Gram-scale purification of aconitine and identification of lappaconitine in Aconitum karacolicum. Fitoterapia 2017; 120:85-92. [PMID: 28552596 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aconitum karacolicum from northern Kyrgyzstan (Alatau area) contains about 0.8-1% aconitine as well as other aconite derivatives that have already been identified. In this paper, we compare several methods for the further purification of an Aconitum karacolicum extract initially containing 80% of aconitine. Reverse-phase flash chromatography, reverse-phase semi-preparative HPLC, centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) and recrystallization techniques were evaluated regarding first their efficiency to get the highest purity of aconitine (over 96%) and secondly their applicability in a semi-industrial scale purification process (in our case, 150g of plant extract). Even if the CPC technique shows the highest purification yield (63%), the recrystallization remains the method of choice to purify a large amount of aconitine as i) it can be easily carried out in safe conditions; ii) an aprotic solvent is used, avoiding aconitine degradation. Moreover, this study led us to the identification of lappaconitine in Aconitum karacolicum, a well-known alkaloid never found in this Aconitum species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tarbe
- Latoxan, 845 avenue Pierre Brossolette, 26800 Portes lès Valence, France; Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, 13397 Marseille, Cedex 20, France.
| | - H de Pomyers
- Latoxan, 845 avenue Pierre Brossolette, 26800 Portes lès Valence, France
| | - L Mugnier
- Latoxan, 845 avenue Pierre Brossolette, 26800 Portes lès Valence, France; Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, 13397 Marseille, Cedex 20, France
| | - D Bertin
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, 13397 Marseille, Cedex 20, France
| | - T Ibragimov
- Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - D Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, 13397 Marseille, Cedex 20, France
| | - K Mabrouk
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, 13397 Marseille, Cedex 20, France.
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12
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Liang X, Chen L, Song L, Fei W, He M, He C, Yin Z. Diterpenoid alkaloids from the root of Aconitum sinchiangense W. T. Wang with their antitumor and antibacterial activities. Nat Prod Res 2017; 31:2016-2023. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1272113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Liang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Lan Chen
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Lei Song
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Wenbo Fei
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Min He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Changliang He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
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13
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Bioactivity fingerprint analysis of cyclooxygenase-2 ligands from radix Aconiti by ultrafiltration–UPLC–MSn. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:7437-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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14
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Sui Z, Li N, Liu Z, Yan J, Liu Z. Metabolite profile analysis of aconitine in rabbit stomach after oral administration by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/multiple-stage tandem mass spectrometry. Xenobiotica 2012; 43:628-35. [PMID: 23267667 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2012.753490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
1. Aconitine (AC), an active and highly toxic constituent extracted from aconitum plants, is well known for its excellent effects against rheumatism and rheumatoid arthritis. The metabolism of AC in liver and intestine has been previously reported. However, little is known about the metabolism of AC in stomach. In this study, the metabolite profiling of AC in stomachs of rabbit and rat was performed by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/multiple-stage tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI/MS(n)), for the first time. 2. The samples were purified by liquid-liquid extraction, separated using an Agilent extended C18 column following a linear gradient elution and then detected by ESI/MS(n) in positive ion mode. Metabolites were identified by comparing their protonated molecules, fragmentation patterns and chromatographic behaviors with those of standard compounds and data from authorized literature works. 3. In conclusion, 14 metabolites were identified in animal stomach after oral administration of AC. The presentation of a large amount of metabolites of AC in stomach suggested that, for aconitum alkaloids, the stomach might play an important role in their metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Sui
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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15
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Rapid quality assessment of Radix Aconiti Preparata using direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 752:69-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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16
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Chodoeva A, Bosc JJ, Guillon J, Costet P, Decendit A, Mérillon JM, Léger JM, Jarry C, Robert J. Hemisynthesis and antiproliferative properties of mono-[O-(14-benzoylaconine-8-yl)]esters and bis-[O-(14-benzoylaconine-8-yl)]esters. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 54:343-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Gao F, Li YY, Wang D, Huang X, Liu Q. Diterpenoid alkaloids from the Chinese traditional herbal "Fuzi" and their cytotoxic activity. Molecules 2012; 17:5187-94. [PMID: 22628040 PMCID: PMC6268201 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17055187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ten diterpenoid alkaloids, including eight aconitine-type C₁₉-diterpenoid alkaloids and two hetisine-type C₂₀-diterpenoid alkaloids, were isolated from the secondary roots of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx., known as "Fuzi" in Chinese traditional herbal medicine. Their structures were established on the basis of their spectroscopic data and comparison with those of the literature. Among these alkaloids, chasmanine, oxonitine and 15-acetylsongoramine were isolated for the first time from this medicinal plant. The cytotoxic activity of the alkaloids were tested against several cell lines by the MTT method in which aconitine, hypaconitine, mesaconitne and oxonitine were found to strongly inhibit the growth of the HePG2 cell line, which showed that the existence and quantity of the ester groups have a significant influence on the cytotoxicity of the diterpenoid alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Department of Chinese Traditional Herbal, Agronomy College, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.221 Huming Road, Wenjiang Region, Chengdu 611130, China.
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18
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Xin Y, Pi Z, Song F, Liu Z, Liu S. Study on the Metabolic Characteristics of Aconite Alkaloids in the Extract of Radix aconiti under Intestinal Bacteria of Rat by UPLC/MSn Technique. CHINESE J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201100228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Wu J, Hong B, Wang J, Wang X, Niu S, Zhao C. The comparative research on constituents of Radix Aconiti and its processing by HPLC quadrupole TOF-MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 26:1301-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang; 110016; People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Hong
- Institute of Medicine; Qiqihar Medical University; Qiqihar; 161042; People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang; 110016; People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang; 110016; People's Republic of China
| | - Sijia Niu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang; 110016; People's Republic of China
| | - Chunjie Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang; 110016; People's Republic of China
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Borcsa B, Csupor D, Forgo P, Widowitz U, Bauer R, Hohmann J. Aconitum lipo-alkaloids – Semisynthetic Products of the Traditional Medicine. Nat Prod Commun 2011. [PMID: 21560765 DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1100600413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The term lipo-alkaloid is used for C19 aconitane alkaloids containing one or two long-chain fatty acid residues. Lipo-alkaloids are transesterified derivatives of the most toxic and highly effective diester-type diterpene alkaloids, such as aconitine, hypaconitine, mesaconitine. Lipo-alkaloids are native minor compounds of aconite drugs, but their amount significantly increases after traditional processing, which is a general method in the Far Eastern traditional medicinal systems. Analytical works demonstrated that cautious processing (usually boiling) of crude aconite roots decreases the amount of normal diterpene alkaloids and increases the concentration of lipo-alkaloids resulting in the reduction of toxicity of the drugs. Many papers reported that lipo-alkaloids occur as a complex mixture in the drugs, and the isolation of the individual components is extremely difficult. These compounds have been identified using highly sensitive analytical methods (HPLC-MS, NMR), and semisynthetic approaches have been developed to ensure lipo-alkaloids in pure form for pharmacological studies. This review summarizes the structure, chemistry, semisynthesis, analytics and bioactivities of lipo-alkaloids. On the basis of 32 references this is the first comprehensive study on this topic, covering the data of 173 compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botond Borcsa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dezső Csupor
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Peter Forgo
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ute Widowitz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Judit Hohmann
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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