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Kuck K, Unterholzner A, Lipowicz B, Schwindl S, Jürgenliemk G, Schmidt TJ, Heilmann J. Terpenoids from Myrrh and Their Cytotoxic Activity against HeLa Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041637. [PMID: 36838624 PMCID: PMC9964945 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The oleo-gum resin of Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl. has a long history of medicinal use, although many of its constituents are still unknown. In the present investigation, 34 secondary metabolites were isolated from myrrh resin using different chromatographic techniques (silica flash chromatography, CPC, and preparative HPLC) and their structures were elucidated with NMR spectroscopy, HRESIMS, CD spectroscopy, and ECD calculations. Among the isolated substances are seven sesquiterpenes (1-7), one disesquiterpene (8), and two triterpenes (23, 24), which were hitherto unknown, and numerous substances are described here for the first time for C. myrrha or the genus Commiphora. Furthermore, the effects of selected terpenes on cervix cancer cells (HeLa) were studied in an MTT-based in vitro assay. Three triterpenes were observed to be the most toxic with moderate IC50 values of 60.3 (29), 74.5 (33), and 78.9 µM (26). Due to the different activity of the structurally similar triterpenoids, the impact of different structural elements on the cytotoxic effect could be discussed and linked to the presence of a 1,2,3-trihydroxy substructure in the A ring. The influence on TNF-α dependent expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) was also tested for 4-6, 9-11, 17, 18, 20, and 27 in vitro, but revealed less than 20% ICAM-1 reduction and, therefore, no significant anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Kuck
- Lehrstuhl Pharmazeutische Biologie, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anna Unterholzner
- Lehrstuhl Pharmazeutische Biologie, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bartosz Lipowicz
- Repha GmbH Biologische Arzneimittel, Alt-Godshorn 87, D-30855 Langenhagen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schwindl
- Lehrstuhl Pharmazeutische Biologie, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Guido Jürgenliemk
- Lehrstuhl Pharmazeutische Biologie, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas J. Schmidt
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Phytochemie, Corrensstr. 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jörg Heilmann
- Lehrstuhl Pharmazeutische Biologie, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Batiha GES, Wasef L, Teibo JO, Shaheen HM, Zakariya AM, Akinfe OA, Teibo TKA, Al-kuraishy HM, Al-Garbee AI, Alexiou A, Papadakis M. Commiphora myrrh: a phytochemical and pharmacological update. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:405-420. [PMID: 36399185 PMCID: PMC9672555 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02325-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants have a long track record of use in history, and one of them is Commiphora myrrh which is commonly found in the southern part of Arabia, the northeastern part of Africa, in Somalia, and Kenya. Relevant literatures were accessed via Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to give updated information on the phytochemical constituents and pharmacological action of Commiphora myrrh. It has been used traditionally for treating wounds, mouth ulcers, aches, fractures, stomach disorders, microbial infections, and inflammatory diseases. It is used as an antiseptic, astringent, anthelmintic, carminative, emmenagogue, and as an expectorant. Phytochemical studies have shown that it contains terpenoids (monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, and volatile/essential oil), diterpenoids, triterpenoids, and steroids. Its essential oil has applications in cosmetics, aromatherapy, and perfumery. Research has shown that it exerts various biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-microbial, neuroprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, analgesic, anti-parasitic, and recently, it was found to work against respiratory infections like COVID-19. With the advancement in drug development, hopefully, its rich phytochemical components can be explored for drug development as an insecticide due to its great anti-parasitic activity. Also, its interactions with drugs can be fully elucidated.This review highlights an updated information on the history, distribution, traditional uses, phytochemical components, pharmacology, and various biological activities of Commiphora myrrh. Graphical summary of the phytochemical and pharmacological update of Commiphora myrrh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt.
| | - Lamiaa Wasef
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511 AlBeheira Egypt
| | - John Oluwafemi Teibo
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Hazem M. Shaheen
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511 AlBeheira Egypt
| | | | | | - Titilade Kehinde Ayandeyi Teibo
- Department of Maternal-Infant and Public Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Hayder M. Al-kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Medicine, College of Medicine, Almustansiriyiah University, Bagh-Dad, Iraq
| | - Ali I. Al-Garbee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Medicine, College of Medicine, Almustansiriyiah University, Bagh-Dad, Iraq
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770 Australia ,AFNP Med, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany.
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Hung NH, Quan PM, Satyal P, Dai DN, Hoa VV, Huy NG, Giang LD, Ha NT, Huong LT, Hien VT, Setzer WN. Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activities of Essential Oils from Vietnamese Traditional Medicinal Plants. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27207092. [PMID: 36296686 PMCID: PMC9610647 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils are promising as environmentally friendly and safe sources of pesticides for human use. Furthermore, they are also of interest as aromatherapeutic agents in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, and inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has been evaluated as an important mechanism. The essential oils of some species in the genera Callicarpa, Premna, Vitex and Karomia of the family Lamiaceae were evaluated for inhibition of electric eel AChE using the Ellman method. The essential oils of Callicarpa candicans showed promising activity, with IC50 values between 45.67 and 58.38 μg/mL. The essential oils of Callicarpa sinuata, Callicarpa petelotii, Callicarpa nudiflora, Callicarpa erioclona and Vitex ajugifolia showed good activity with IC50 values between 28.71 and 54.69 μg/mL. The essential oils Vitex trifolia subsp. trifolia and Callicarpa rubella showed modest activity, with IC50 values of 81.34 and 89.38, respectively. trans-Carveol showed an IC50 value of 102.88 µg/mL. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were performed on the major components of the studied essential oils to investigate the possible mechanisms of action of potential inhibitors. The results obtained suggest that these essential oils may be used to control mosquito vectors that transmit pathogenic viruses or to support the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Huy Hung
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Department of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Pham Minh Quan
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Prabodh Satyal
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
| | - Do Ngoc Dai
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery, Nghe An College of Economics, 51-Ly Tu Trong, Vinh City 43000, Vietnam
| | - Vo Van Hoa
- Department of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Ngo Gia Huy
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Department of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Le Duc Giang
- School of Natural Science Education, Vinh University, 182 Le Duan, Vinh City 43000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Ha
- Drug, Comestic and Food Quality Control Center of Ha Tinh Province.46, Ha Hoang Street, Thach Trung Commune, Ha Tinh City 481300, Vietnam
| | - Le Thi Huong
- School of Natural Science Education, Vinh University, 182 Le Duan, Vinh City 43000, Vietnam
| | - Vu Thi Hien
- Faculty of Hydrometeorology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Natural Resources and Environment, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (V.T.H.); (W.N.S.)
| | - William N. Setzer
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
- Correspondence: (V.T.H.); (W.N.S.)
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Zhang CL, Liu J, Xi CC, Cao YG, He J, Li SC, Zhang F, Naman CB, Cao ZY. Cadinane Sesquiterpenoids and Their Glycosides from Alangium chinense That Inhibit Spontaneous Calcium Oscillations. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:599-606. [PMID: 34957832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nine new cadinane sesquiterpenoids, alanenses A-I (1-9), were isolated from the leaves of Alangium chinense together with three previously reported analogues (10-12). The structures of these molecules were elucidated by interpretation of spectroscopic and spectrometric data. Absolute configurations were established by the comparison of experimental and calculated ECD data, chemical degradation studies for sugar moieties, and a single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 were isolated as racemates, and enantiopurification was achieved by chiral HPLC. Compounds 3-5 are glycosylated cadinanes bearing a β-d-glucose unit, while compounds 6-9 incorporate a hydroxymethyl group in either the free form or additional ring fusion. The structure of compound 11 was originally misassigned and later revised using additional NMR data. The corrected structure is here supported by X-ray single-crystal analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 inhibit spontaneous calcium channel oscillations at low micromolar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines & Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines & Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Chu-Chu Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines & Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
- Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines & Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Cong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines & Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines & Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - C Benjamin Naman
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Marine Pharmacy, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Yu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines & Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, People's Republic of China
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Xu N, Nyamdavaa E, Yu J, Xiao H, Liu J, Li S, Xu L. A new benzofuran compound from the resinous exudates of Commiphora myrrha. Nat Prod Res 2022; 37:1416-1420. [PMID: 35075958 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.2011272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A new benzofuran derivative, identified as myrrhain A (1), was isolated from the resinous exudates of Commiphora myrrha, together with the four known compounds: commipharane (2), myrrhterpeniod (3), myrrhone (4), and 9-methoxymyrrhone (5). All structures were elucidated by NMR and MS analyses. DPPH assay of compounds 1-5 revealed for the first time that all of them possess moderate antioxidative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of the Natural Products Chemistry and Functional Molecular Synthesis, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Enkhzaya Nyamdavaa
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of the Natural Products Chemistry and Functional Molecular Synthesis, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jiaqi Yu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of the Natural Products Chemistry and Functional Molecular Synthesis, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of the Natural Products Chemistry and Functional Molecular Synthesis, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jinglin Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of the Natural Products Chemistry and Functional Molecular Synthesis, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Shuyan Li
- College of Traditional Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of the Natural Products Chemistry and Functional Molecular Synthesis, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
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Alegiry MH, Hajrah NH, Alzahrani NAY, Shawki HH, Khan M, Zrelli H, Atef A, Kim Y, Alsafari IA, Arfaoui L, Alharby HF, Hajar AS, El-Seedi H, Juneja LR, Sabir JSM, El Omri A. Attitudes Toward Psychological Disorders and Alternative Medicine in Saudi Participants. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:577103. [PMID: 33643086 PMCID: PMC7907434 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.577103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study was designed to investigate Saudis' attitudes toward mental distress and psychotropic medication, attribution of causes, expected side effects, and to analyze participants' expectations toward alternative or complementary medicine using aromatic and medicinal plants, through a survey. Method: The study included 674 participants (citizens and residents in Saudi Arabia) who were randomly contacted via email and social media and gave their consent to complete a questionnaire dealing with 39 items that can be clustered in six parts. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square for cross-tabulation were generated using SPSS. Results: Among the 664 participants, 73.4% believed that there are some positive and negative outcomes of psychotropic medication. Participants (72.0%) think that the most important reason leading to psychological disorders is mainly due to the loss of a relative or beloved person, and 73.9% considered psychic session as one of the possible treatments of psychological disorders. Surprisingly, only 18.8% of the participants agreed that medicinal and aromatic plants could be a possible treatment of the psychological disorder. Participants (82%) consider that physicians are the most trustful and preferred source of information about alternative and complementary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H. Alegiry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahid H. Hajrah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada A. Y Alzahrani
- Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam H. Shawki
- Department of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
- National Gene Bank of Egypt (NGB), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Muhammadh Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Houda Zrelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Atef
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youngil Kim
- Food Business Promotion Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Ibrahim A. Alsafari
- Department of Biology and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leila Arfaoui
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham F. Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman S. Hajar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lekh Raj Juneja
- Food Business Promotion Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Jamal S. M. Sabir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelfatteh El Omri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Romaiyan A, Huang GC, Jones P, Persaud S. Commiphora myrrha stimulates insulin secretion from mouse and human islets of Langerhans. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 264:113075. [PMID: 32829055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditionally plant-based remedies such as Commiphora myrrha (CM) have been used as an ayurvedic medicine to treat diabetes mellitus in some region of Arabia and Africa. Previous reports have shown that CM reduced blood glucose levels and increased insulin concentrations in animal models of diabetes in vivo. However, the exact mechanisms by which CM improved glycemic control in these animals are not fully understood. We hypothesized that CM may have a direct insulinotropic activity on β-cells to increase insulin secretion. AIM OF THE STUDY The direct effects of CM were investigated using MIN6 β-cells and isolated mouse and human islets in static and perifusion insulin secretion experiments. Isolated mouse and human islets were used to investigate the rate and pattern of CM-induced insulin secretion. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of CM on insulin secretion was assessed by static and perifusion experiments using MIN6 cells, a mouse-derived β-cell line, and primary mouse and human islets. The effects of CM on cell viability and membrane integrity of MIN6 cells and mouse islets were assessed using an ATP viability assay and a trypan blue exclusion test. The mRNA expression profiles of preproinsulin and Pdx1, a major β-cell transcription factor, were determined by quantitative RT-PCR following chronic exposure to CM. RESULTS Exposing MIN6 cells to a CM resin solution (0.5-10 mg/ml) caused a concentration-dependent increase in insulin secretion in a static setting. Similarly, incubating mouse islets to CM (0.1-10 mg/ml) resulted in stimulation of insulin secretion in a concentration-dependent manner. CM concentrations at ≤ 2 mg/ml were not associated with reduction in cell viability nor with reduction in cell membrane integrity. However, higher concentrations of CM were accompanied with marked uptake of trypan blue dye and cell death. In a perifusion setting, CM (2 mg/ml) caused rapid and reversible increases in insulin secretion from both mouse and human islets at both sub-stimulatory and stimulatory glucose levels. The stimulatory effect of CM on insulin secretion did not change the total insulin content of β-cells nor the mRNA expression of preproinsulin and Pdx1. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that aqueous CM resin solution has a direct stimulatory effect on β-cells without compromising plasma membrane integrity. CM stimulates insulin secretion from MIN6 cells, a mouse-derived β-cell line, and isolated primary mouse and human islets in vitro at both sub-stimulatory and stimulatory glucose concentrations. The mechanism by which CM may induce insulin secretion is most likely due to a stimulation of insulin granules release rather than insulin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf Al-Romaiyan
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
| | - Guo-Cai Huang
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, UK.
| | - Peter Jones
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, UK.
| | - Shanta Persaud
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, UK.
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Kuck K, Jürgenliemk G, Lipowicz B, Heilmann J. Sesquiterpenes from Myrrh and Their ICAM-1 Inhibitory Activity In Vitro. Molecules 2020; 26:E42. [PMID: 33374825 PMCID: PMC7796156 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
By using various chromatographic steps (silica flash, CPC, preparative HPLC), 16 sesquiterpenes could be isolated from an ethanolic extract of myrrh resin. Their chemical structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and HRESIMS. Among them, six previously unknown compounds (1-6) and another four metabolites previously not described for the genus Commiphora (7, 10, 12, 13) could be identified. Sesquiterpenes 1 and 2 are novel 9,10-seco-eudesmanes and exhibited an unprecedented sesquiterpene carbon skeleton, which is described here for the first time. New compound 3 is an 9,10 seco-guaian and the only peroxide isolated from myrrh so far. Compounds 1, 2, 4, 7-9, 11, 13-16 were tested in an ICAM-1 in vitro assay. Compound 7, as well as the reference compound furanoeudesma-1,3-diene, acted as moderate inhibitors of this adhesion molecule ICAM-1 (IC50: 44.8 and 46.3 μM, respectively). These results give new hints on the activity of sesquiterpenes with regard to ICAM-1 inhibition and possible modes of action of myrrh in anti-inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Kuck
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany; (K.K.); (G.J.)
| | - Guido Jürgenliemk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany; (K.K.); (G.J.)
| | - Bartosz Lipowicz
- Repha GmbH Biologische Arzneimittel, Alt-Godshorn 87, D-30855 Langenhagen, Germany;
| | - Jörg Heilmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany; (K.K.); (G.J.)
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Yu YF, Liu YH, Chen XH, Zhi DJ, Qi FM, Zhang ZP, Li YQ, Zhang ZX, Fei DQ. Cadinane-type sesquiterpenes from the resinous exudates of Commiphora myrrha and their anti-Alzheimer's disease bioactivities. Fitoterapia 2020; 142:104536. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Hu BY, Wang SX, Yan YM, Liu JW, Qin DP, Cheng YX. Spiromyrrhenes A–D: unprecedented diterpene–sesquiterpene heterodimers as intermolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition products from Resina Commiphora that inhibit tumor stemness in esophageal cancer. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00656d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The structures and stereochemistry of spiromyrrhenes A–D (1–4), isolated from Commiphora exudates, were elucidated using NMR and ECD methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Yuan Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center
- Shenzhen
- P.R. China
| | - Shao-Xiang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center
- Shenzhen
- P.R. China
| | - Yong-Ming Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center
- Shenzhen
- P.R. China
| | - Jia-Wang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center
- Shenzhen
- P.R. China
| | - Da-Peng Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center
- Shenzhen
- P.R. China
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center
- Shenzhen
- P.R. China
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Elufioye TO, Berida TI, Habtemariam S. Plants-Derived Neuroprotective Agents: Cutting the Cycle of Cell Death through Multiple Mechanisms. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:3574012. [PMID: 28904554 PMCID: PMC5585568 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3574012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuroprotection is the preservation of the structure and function of neurons from insults arising from cellular injuries induced by a variety of agents or neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). The various NDs including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases as well as amyotropic lateral sclerosis affect millions of people around the world with the main risk factor being advancing age. Each of these diseases affects specific neurons and/or regions in the brain and involves characteristic pathological and molecular features. Hence, several in vitro and in vivo study models specific to each disease have been employed to study NDs with the aim of understanding their underlying mechanisms and identifying new therapeutic strategies. Of the most prevalent drug development efforts employed in the past few decades, mechanisms implicated in the accumulation of protein-based deposits, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and certain neurotransmitter deficits such as acetylcholine and dopamine have been scrutinized in great detail. In this review, we presented classical examples of plant-derived neuroprotective agents by highlighting their structural class and specific mechanisms of action. Many of these natural products that have shown therapeutic efficacies appear to be working through the above-mentioned key multiple mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomayo Ireti Berida
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories and Herbal Analysis Services, University of Greenwich, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
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Morikawa T, Matsuda H, Yoshikawa M. A Review of Anti-inflammatory Terpenoids from the Incense Gum Resins Frankincense and Myrrh. J Oleo Sci 2017; 66:805-814. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess16149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Morikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute
- Antiaging Center, Kindai University
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Ahamad SR, Al-Ghadeer AR, Ali R, Qamar W, Aljarboa S. Analysis of inorganic and organic constituents of myrrh resin by GC-MS and ICP-MS: An emphasis on medicinal assets. Saudi Pharm J 2016; 25:788-794. [PMID: 28725152 PMCID: PMC5506701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present investigation was to explore the constituents of the Arabian myrrh resin obtained from Commiphora myrrha. The organic and inorganic composition of the myrrh gum resin has been investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Analysis executed by ICP-MS reveals the presence of various inorganic elements in significant amount in the myrrh resin. The elements that were found to be present in large amounts include calcium, magnesium, aluminum, phosphorus, chlorine, chromium, bromine and scandium. The important organic constituents identified in the myrrh ethanolic extract include limonene, curzerene, germacrene B, isocericenine, myrcenol, beta selinene, and spathulenol,. The present work complements other myrrh associated investigations done in the past and provides additional data for the future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Rizwan Ahamad
- Central Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Rahman Al-Ghadeer
- Central Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raisuddin Ali
- Central Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wajhul Qamar
- Central Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author at: Central Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.Central LaboratoryCollege of PharmacyKing Saud UniversityP.O. Box 2457Riyadh11451Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Aljarboa
- Central Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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The Ameliorating Effect of Myrrh on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairments in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:925432. [PMID: 26635888 PMCID: PMC4655272 DOI: 10.1155/2015/925432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Myrrh has been used since ancient times for the treatment of various diseases such as inflammatory diseases, gynecological diseases, and hemiplegia. In the present study, we investigated the effects of aqueous extracts of myrrh resin (AEM) on scopolamine-induced memory impairments in mice. AEM was estimated with (2E,5E)-6-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylhepta-2,4-dienal as a representative constituent by HPLC. The oral administration of AEM for 7 days significantly reversed scopolamine-induced reduction of spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze test. In the passive avoidance task, AEM also restored the decreased latency time of the retention trial by scopolamine treatment. In addition, Western blot analysis and Immunohistochemistry revealed that AEM reversed scopolamine-decreased phosphorylation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Our study demonstrates for the first time that AEM ameliorates the scopolamine-induced memory impairments in mice and increases the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK in the hippocampus of mice brain. These results suggest that AEM has the therapeutic potential in memory impairments.
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Sarup P, Bala S, Kamboj S. Pharmacology and Phytochemistry of Oleo-Gum Resin of Commiphora wightii (Guggulu). SCIENTIFICA 2015; 2015:138039. [PMID: 26587309 PMCID: PMC4637499 DOI: 10.1155/2015/138039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Guggulu is an oleo-gum resin which exudes out as a result of injury from the bark of Commiphora wightii (Arnott) Bhandari [syn. Commiphora mukul (Hook. Ex Stocks) Engl; Balsamodendron mukul (Hook. Ex Stocks); Family, Burseraceae]. It has been used in the Ayurveda since time immemorial for the treatment of variety of disorders such as inflammation, gout, rheumatism, obesity, and disorders of lipids metabolism. It is a mixture of phytoconstituents like volatile oil which contains terpenoidal constituents such as monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, and triterpenoids; steroids; flavonoids; guggultetrols; lignans; sugars; and amino acids. This review is an effort to compile all the information available on all of its chemical constituents which are responsible for its therapeutic potential. The wild occurrence of this species is restricted mainly to the dry regions of Rajasthan and Gujarat States of India, and the bordering regions of Pakistan. Oleo-gum resin, guggulu, tapped from the stems of this species, is consumed in high volumes by the Indian herbal industries. There has been a decline in its wild population over the last several decades, as a result of habitat loss and degradation, coupled with unregulated harvesting and tapping of oleo-gum resin. This species is consequently assessed as Critically Endangered and enlisted in the IUCN red list of threatened species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Sarup
- MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 132 037, India
| | - Suman Bala
- MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 132 037, India
| | - Sunil Kamboj
- MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 132 037, India
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Shen T, Li GH, Zhong QQ, Wang SQ, Ren DM, Lou HX, Wang XN. Myrrhanolide D and Myrrhasin A, New Germacrane-Type Sesquiterpenoids from the Resin ofCommiphora opobalsamum. Helv Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201300328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Sesquiterpenes inhibiting NO production from Celastrus orbiculatus. Fitoterapia 2012; 83:1302-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Shen T, Li GH, Wang XN, Lou HX. The genus Commiphora: a review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 142:319-330. [PMID: 22626923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The resinous exudates of the Commiphora species, known as 'myrrh', are used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of trauma, arthritis, fractures and diseases caused by blood stagnation. Myrrh has also been used in the Ayurvedic medical system because of its therapeutic effects against inflammatory diseases, coronary artery diseases, gynecological disease, obesity, etc. AIM OF THE REVIEW Based on a comprehensive review of traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological and toxicological data on the genus Commiphora, opportunities for the future research and development as well as the genus' therapeutic potential are analyzed. METHODS Information on the Commiphora species was collected via electronic search (using Pubmed, SciFinder, Scirus, Google Scholar and Web of Science) and a library search for articles published in peer-reviewed journals. Furthermore, information also was obtained from some local books on ethnopharmacology. This paper covers the literature, primarily pharmacological, from 2000 to the end of December 2011. RESULTS The resinous exudates from the bark of plants of the genus Commiphora are important indigenous medicines, and have a long medicinal application for arthritis, hyperlipidemia, pain, wounds, fractures, blood stagnation, in Ayurvedic medicine, traditional Chinese medicine and other indigenous medical systems. Phytochemical investigation of this genus has resulted in identification of more than 300 secondary metabolites. The isolated metabolites and crude extract have exhibited a wide of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological effects, including antiproliferative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial. The bioactive steroids guggulsterones have attracted most attention for their potent hypolipidemic effect targeting farnesoid X receptor, as well as their potent inhibitory effects on tumor cells and anti-inflammatory efficiency. CONCLUSIONS The resins of Commiphora species have emerged as a good source of the traditional medicines for the treatment of inflammation, arthritis, obesity, microbial infection, wound, pain, fractures, tumor and gastrointestinal diseases. The resin of C. mukul in India and that of C. molmol in Egypt have been developed as anti-hyperlipidemia and antischistosomal agents. Pharmacological results have validated the use of this genus in the traditional medicines. Some bioassays are difficult to reproduce because the plant materials used have not been well identified, therefore analytical protocol and standardization of extracts should be established prior to biological evaluation. Stem, bark and leaf of this genus should receive more attention. Expansion of research materials would provide more opportunities for the discovery of new bioactive principles from the genus Commiphora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, PR China
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Xu J, Guo Y, Zhao P, Guo P, Ma Y, Xie C, Jin DQ, Gui L. Four new sesquiterpenes from Commiphora myrrha and their neuroprotective effects. Fitoterapia 2012; 83:801-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Braulio M Fraga
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, 38206-La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
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