Triterpenoids from the fruit of Schisandra glaucescens

Potential natural product 3,4-seco-schitriterpenoids from Kadsura japonica L. as anti-neuroinflammatory agents

In the present study, the undescribed schitriterpenoids, kadsujanonols A-I (1-9), and eleven reported compounds (10-20) were isolated from K. japonica L. vines. Their structures of 3,4-seco-schitriterpenoids were elucidated mainly by spectroscopic analyses including 1H-, 13C-, and 2D-NMR, IR, HRESIMS spectra. The spatial configurations were determined by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of kadsujapnonol A (1), 15, 17, and 18, CD data and computational analysis. Furthermore, all isolates were evaluated for the anti-neuroinflammatory activity on LPS-stimulated NO production in BV2 microglial cells and compounds 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13-16, and 18 exposed better or comparable suppression abilities than PDTC. Among them, kadlongilactone B (14) showed the best significant inhibiting ability (IC50 = 0.87 μg/mL) and the effect is through the attenuation of the inflammatory transcription factor p65NF-κB. Preliminary structure-activity relationship revealed that δ-lactone at the side chain and 7-member lactone at C-3/C-4, and 3,4:9,10 ring opening are important.

Two new triterpenoids preventing the hydrocortisone-induced injury in HMEC-1 cells from Momordica charantia L

Momordica charantia L. (M. charantia) is an annual climbing herb in Cucurbitaceae. As a medicinal and edible homologous plant, it has a long history of application. This study aims to isolate and identify the chemical constituents from M. charantia and evaluate their prevention effect on hydrocortisone-induced injury in HMEC-1 cells. 10 kg of M. charantia was extracted with 95% ethanol for three times and partitioned with petroleum ether, dichloromethane and n-butanol. The dichloromethane part was performed by silica, ODS silica, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC to obtain two new compounds. The prevention effect on hydrocortisone-induced injury in HMEC-1 cells of these two compounds was determined by the method of CCK-8. The cell viability of HMEC-1 cells treated with 2 (25 μM) was 85.85% ± 4.39%. The results indicated that 2 exhibited significantly prevention effect on hydrocortisone-induced injury in HMEC-1 cells but 1 exhibited no this activity in vitro.

Triterpenoids From Kadsura coccinea With Their Anti-inflammatory and Inhibited Proliferation of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Fibroblastoid Synovial Cells Activities

One new 3,4-seco-17,13-friedo-lanostane triterpenoid heilaohuacid A (1), one new 3,4-seco-17,14-friedo-lanostane triterpenoid heilaohuacid B (2), five new 3,4-seco-lanostane triterpenoids heilaohuacids C-D (3–4) and heilaohumethylesters A-C (7–9), one new 3,4-seco-cycloartane triterpenoid heilaohuacid E (5), and one new intact-lanostane triterpenoid heilaohuacid F (6), together with twenty-two known analogues (10–31), were isolated from heilaohu. Their structures were determined using HR-ESI-MS data, 1D and 2D NMR spectra, ¹³C NMR calculations, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Heilaohuacids A and B (1 and 2) contain a 3,4-seco ring A and unprecedented migration of Me-18 from C-13 to C-17 or C-14 to C-18. This type of lanostane triterpenoid derivatives was rarely reported so far. More importantly, all compounds against inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α levels on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages were evaluated, and compounds 4 and 31 significantly inhibited the release level of IL-6 with IC₅₀ values of 8.15 and 9.86 μM, respectively. Meanwhile, compounds 17, 18, and 31 significantly inhibited proliferation of rheumatoid arthritis-fibroblastoid synovial (RA-FLS) cells in vitro with IC₅₀ values of 7.52, 8.85, and 7.97 μM, respectively.

Triterpenoids from the stems and leaves of Schisandra incarnata

Six undescribed triterpenoids, schincarins A‒F, categorized as the preschisanartane (schincarin A), 3,4-secocycloartane (schincarins B‒D), 3,4; 9,10-disecocycloartane (schincarin E), and 3,4-secolanostane (schincarin F) classes, along with twelve known analogues, were obtained from the stems and leaves of Schisandra incarnata Stapf. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configuration of schincarin A was corroborated by analysis of the experimental ECD spectrum, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction with Mo Kα irradiation. Schincarin A represented the first example of preschisanartane-type triterpenoid with two oxa-bridged hemiketals. Among the selected compounds which were evaluated for immunosuppressive activities, schincarin C and kadsudilactone A showed potential inhibition against ConA-induced T-cell proliferation with IC₅₀ values of 5.83 and 6.32 μM, and LPS-induced B cell proliferation with IC₅₀ values of 10.21 and 11.49 μM, respectively.

Triterpenoids and lignans from the stems of Schisandra glaucescens

Two new triterpenoids, 24( E)-3 α,12 α-dihydroxyl-lanost-9(11),24-dien-26-oid acid (1) and 3,4- seco-24( Z)-6 α,7 β-dihydroxyl-cycloart-4(28),24-dien-3,26-dioic-3-methyl ester (2), and ten known ones (3-12), together with eight lignans (13-20), were isolated from the stems of Schisandra glaucescens. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 1-3, 5-7, 9, 11-13 and 15-18 were isolated from this species for the first time. 1 and 2 were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicities against the mouse cancer B16 cell line, human cancer HepG2 and MCF7 cell lines by MTT assay.

Spiroschincarins A-E: Five Spirocyclic Nortriterpenoids from the Fruit of Schisandra incarnata

Spiroschincarins A-E (1-5), five novel spirocyclic schinortriterpenoids featuring a unique 1-oxaspiro[6.6]tridecane motif, were isolated from the fruit of Schisandra incarnata. Their structures with absolute configurations were determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses, single-crystal X-ray diffractions, and experimental ECD (electronic circular dichroism). A hypothetical biogenetic pathway of 1-5 was postulated.

Schincalide A, a Schinortriterpenoid with a Tricyclo[5.2.1.0(1,6)]decane-Bridged System from the Stems and Leaves of Schisandra incarnate

Schincalide A (1), an unprecedented schinortriterpenoid possessing a tricyclo[5.2.1.0(1,6)]decane-bridged system, was isolated from the stems and leaves of Schisandra incarnate. The structure with absolute configuration of 1 was determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. A hypothetical biosynthetic pathway of 1 was postulated.