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Math HH, Kumar RS, Chakraborty B, Almansour AI, Perumal K, Kantli GB, Nayaka S. Antimicrobial Efficacy of 7-Hydroxyflavone Derived from Amycolatopsis sp. HSN-02 and Its Biocontrol Potential on Cercospora Leaf Spot Disease in Tomato Plants. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1175. [PMID: 37508271 PMCID: PMC10376496 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The actinomycete strain HSN-02 was isolated from the soil of a mining field in the Sandur region, Bellary, Karnataka, India. According to the morphological, cultural, physiological, and biochemical characteristics and the 16S rDNA sequence analysis, the strain HSN-02 was identified as Amycolatopsis sp. The antimicrobial activity strain HSN-02 presented stable and moderate inhibitory activity against human pathogens. In pot experiments in the greenhouse, the development of Cercospora leaf spot was markedly suppressed by treatment with the purified compound from the strain HSN-02, and the control efficacy was 45.04 ± 1.30% in Septoria lycopersici-infected tomato plants. A prominent compound was obtained from the fermentation broth of the strain HSN-02 using column chromatography and HPLC. The chemical structural analyses using UV, FTIR, HR-ESI-MS, and NMR confirmed that the compound produced by the strain HSN-02 is 7-hydroxyflavone. This investigation showed the role which the actinomycete strain can play in controlling leaf spots caused by S. lycopersici to reduce treatments with chemical fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halaswamy Hire Math
- P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India
| | - Raju Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bidhayak Chakraborty
- P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India
| | - Abdulrahman I Almansour
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karthikeyan Perumal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Girish Babu Kantli
- Department of Life Sciences, PIAS, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, Gujarat, India
| | - Sreenivasa Nayaka
- P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India
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Yang Q, Song Z, Li X, Hou Y, Xu T, Wu S. Lichen-Derived Actinomycetota: Novel Taxa and Bioactive Metabolites. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087341. [PMID: 37108503 PMCID: PMC10138632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinomycetes are essential sources of numerous bioactive secondary metabolites with diverse chemical and bioactive properties. Lichen ecosystems have piqued the interest of the research community due to their distinct characteristics. Lichen is a symbiont of fungi and algae or cyanobacteria. This review focuses on the novel taxa and diverse bioactive secondary metabolites identified between 1995 and 2022 from cultivable actinomycetota associated with lichens. A total of 25 novel actinomycetota species were reported following studies of lichens. The chemical structures and biological activities of 114 compounds derived from the lichen-associated actinomycetota are also summarized. These secondary metabolites were classified into aromatic amides and amines, diketopiperazines, furanones, indole, isoflavonoids, linear esters and macrolides, peptides, phenolic derivatives, pyridine derivatives, pyrrole derivatives, quinones, and sterols. Their biological activities included anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, cytotoxic, and enzyme-inhibitory actions. In addition, the biosynthetic pathways of several potent bioactive compounds are summarized. Thus, lichen actinomycetes demonstrate exceptional abilities in the discovery of new drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingrong Yang
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Zhiqiang Song
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Xinpeng Li
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yage Hou
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Tangchang Xu
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Shaohua Wu
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
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3
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Kalra R, Conlan XA, Goel M. Recent advances in research for potential utilization of unexplored lichen metabolites. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 62:108072. [PMID: 36464145 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Several research studies have shown that lichens are productive organisms for the synthesis of a broad range of secondary metabolites. Lichens are a self-sustainable stable microbial ecosystem comprising an exhabitant fungal partner (mycobiont) and at least one or more photosynthetic partners (photobiont). The successful symbiosis is responsible for their persistence throughout time and allows all the partners (holobionts) to thrive in many extreme habitats, where without the synergistic relationship they would be rare or non-existent. The ability to survive in harsh conditions can be directly correlated with the production of some unique metabolites. Despite the potential applications, these unique metabolites have been underutilised by pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries due to their slow growth, low biomass availability and technical challenges involved in their artificial cultivation. However, recent development of biotechnological tools such as molecular phylogenetics, modern tissue culture techniques, metabolomics and molecular engineering are opening up a new opportunity to exploit these compounds within the lichen holobiome for industrial applications. This review also highlights the recent advances in culturing the symbionts and the computational and molecular genetics approaches of lichen gene regulation recognized for the enhanced production of target metabolites. The recent development of multi-omics novel biodiscovery strategies aided by synthetic biology in order to study the heterologous expressed lichen-derived biosynthetic gene clusters in a cultivatable host offers a promising means for a sustainable supply of specialized metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishu Kalra
- Sustainable Agriculture Program, The Energy and Resources Institute, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Xavier A Conlan
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mayurika Goel
- Sustainable Agriculture Program, The Energy and Resources Institute, Gurugram, Haryana, India.
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He Z, Naganuma T. Chronicle of Research into Lichen-Associated Bacteria. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2111. [PMID: 36363703 PMCID: PMC9698887 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lichens are mutually symbiotic systems consisting of fungal and algal symbionts. While diverse lichen-forming fungal species are known, limited species of algae form lichens. Plasticity in the combination of fungal and algal species with different eco-physiological properties may contribute to the worldwide distribution of lichens, even in extreme habitats. Lichens have been studied systematically for more than 200 years; however, plasticity in fungal-algal/cyanobacterial symbiotic combinations is still unclear. In addition, the association between non-cyanobacterial bacteria and lichens has attracted attention in recent years. The types, diversity, and functions of lichen-associated bacteria have been studied using both culture-based and culture-independent methods. This review summarizes the history of systematic research on lichens and lichen-associated bacteria and provides insights into the current status of research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takeshi Naganuma
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
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Ali S, Cai R, Feng H, Xie J, Zhang Y, Wang H. Identification of antibacterial metabolites produced by a marine bacterium Halobacillus marinus HMALI004. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:3030-3040. [PMID: 35929370 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study examined and characterized the extract for metabolites of Halobacillus marinus HMALI004 to understand their antibacterial activities against opportunistic marine pathogens, i.e., Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio cholerae. METHODS AND RESULTS The bacterial strain HMALI004 was characterized as Halobacillus marinus, and an antibacterial spectral test revealed its inhibition against two opportunistic marine pathogens (V. parahaemolyticus and V. cholera). Fermentation broth of strain HMALI004 was subjected to column chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to separate antibacterial substances. Two compounds were successfully isolated and identified as 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-chloro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid by mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) values of 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-chloro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid for V. parahaemolyticus were 25 μg/mL, while their MIC values for V. cholerae were 50 and 100 μg/mL, respectively. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of two pathogen strains treated with 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-chloro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid were detected to investigate the antimicrobial mechanism. The results suggested that 4-chloro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid exerted enhanced ROS production in V. parahaemolyticus, whereas 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid had a weaker effect. Both compounds caused a significant rise in ROS production in V. cholerae, causing severe damage to the cell wall and cytoplasm, leading to cell death. CONCLUSIONS The bacterium H. marinus HMALI004 was isolated from a shrimp pond and was found to produce antimicrobial compounds which could inhibit the growth of opportunistic marine pathogens V. parahaemolyticus and V. cholerae by increasing ROS. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Successfully isolated antibacterial-producing strain, H. marinus HMALI004, and its antimicrobial compounds could be used as biological control agents for marine pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sardar Ali
- Biology Department and Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Runlin Cai
- Biology Department and Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Hao Feng
- Biology Department and Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Jianmin Xie
- Biology Department and Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Biology Department and Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Biology Department and Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
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Looking Back to Amycolatopsis: History of the Antibiotic Discovery and Future Prospects. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10101254. [PMID: 34680834 PMCID: PMC8532670 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10101254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria in recent decades leads us to an urgent need for the development of new antibacterial agents. The species of the genus Amycolatopsis are known as producers of secondary metabolites that are used in medicine and agriculture. The complete genome sequences of the Amycolatopsis demonstrate a wide variety of biosynthetic gene clusters, which highlights the potential ability of actinomycetes of this genus to produce new antibiotics. In this review, we summarize information about antibiotics produced by Amycolatopsis species. This knowledge demonstrates the prospects for further study of this genus as an enormous source of antibiotics.
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Zhao L, Li W, Dai SJ, Liu RX, Xie ZP, Zhang SM, Yue XD. Alkaloids bearing rare skeletons from Forsythia suspensa with anti-inflammatory and anti-viral activities in vitro. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 186:112739. [PMID: 33773412 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Five alkaloids, including two previously undescribed alkaloids, named forsyshiyanines A and B, attributable to the rare skeletons 4b,5,6,7,8,8a,9,10-octahydrobenzo[f]quinoline and (6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[c]pyridin-7-yl)methyl, respectively, along with three known ones (3-5), were isolated from the ripe fruits of Forsythia suspensa. The chemical structures including absolute configurations of two undescribed compounds were established using integrated spectroscopic techniques, electronic circular dichroism calculations, and single-crystal x-ray diffraction analysis. In vitro, five alkaloids showed anti-inflammatory activities, with the inhibition rates of the release of β-glucuronidase from polymorphonuclear leukocytes of rats being in the range 47.9%-56.0% at a concentration of 10 μM. Moreover, five compounds exhibited anti-viral activities against influenza A virus and respiratory syncytial virus, with IC50 values in the range of 7.3-32.5 μM and EC50 values in the range 3.7-14.1 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Jun Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rong-Xia Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Ping Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Min Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xi-Dian Yue
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Secondary Metabolites of the Genus Amycolatopsis: Structures, Bioactivities and Biosynthesis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071884. [PMID: 33810439 PMCID: PMC8037709 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinomycetes are regarded as important sources for the generation of various bioactive secondary metabolites with rich chemical and bioactive diversities. Amycolatopsis falls under the rare actinomycete genus with the potential to produce antibiotics. In this review, all literatures were searched in the Web of Science, Google Scholar and PubMed up to March 2021. The keywords used in the search strategy were “Amycolatopsis”, “secondary metabolite”, “new or novel compound”, “bioactivity”, “biosynthetic pathway” and “derivatives”. The objective in this review is to summarize the chemical structures and biological activities of secondary metabolites from the genus Amycolatopsis. A total of 159 compounds derived from 8 known and 18 unidentified species are summarized in this paper. These secondary metabolites are mainly categorized into polyphenols, linear polyketides, macrolides, macrolactams, thiazolyl peptides, cyclic peptides, glycopeptides, amide and amino derivatives, glycoside derivatives, enediyne derivatives and sesquiterpenes. Meanwhile, they mainly showed unique antimicrobial, anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-hyperglycemic, and enzyme inhibition activities. In addition, the biosynthetic pathways of several potent bioactive compounds and derivatives are included and the prospect of the chemical substances obtained from Amycolatopsis is also discussed to provide ideas for their implementation in the field of therapeutics and drug discovery.
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9
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Mendili M, Essghaier B, Seaward MRD, Khadhri A. In vitro evaluation of lysozyme activity and antimicrobial effect of extracts from four Tunisian lichens: Diploschistes ocellatus, Flavoparmelia caperata, Squamarina cartilaginea and Xanthoria parietina. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:1461-1469. [PMID: 33388791 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02129-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since lichens have been recognised as a potential natural source of bioactive substances, the aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial, lysozyme and antifungal effects of methanol, acetone and quencher extracts from four lichens: Diploschistes ocellatus, Flavoparmelia caperata, Squamarina cartilaginea and Xanthoria parietina. The results showed that the tested extracts had antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and anti-candida, and inhibit the spore germination of tested fungi. The different extracts varied in their effect as determined by the diameter of the inhibition zone, the highest values being observed with the methanol and acetone extracts (29.5 and 27.5 mm, respectively) for S. cartilaginea against Enterococcus faecalis. For powdered material (quencher), F. caperata showed the highest inhibition diameter (25.5 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values varied from 125 to 2000 μg mL-1. Methanol extracts of S. cartilaginea were more active against Enterobacter cloacae (MIC 125 µg mL-1) and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 125 µg mL-1), and also affected lysozyme activity against Staphylococcus aureus, as well as the morphology of fungal hyphae. This study demonstrated that the investigated species are a potential source of bioactive compounds which are potentially important antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mendili
- Unit of Research of Plant Ecology, University of Tunis El-Manar II, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Academia, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - B Essghaier
- Laboratory Mycology Pathology and Biomarkers, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El-Manar II, Campus Academia, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - M R D Seaward
- School of Archaeological and Forensic Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - A Khadhri
- Unit of Research of Plant Ecology, University of Tunis El-Manar II, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Academia, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
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Noël A, Garnier A, Clément M, Rouaud I, Sauvager A, Bousarghin L, Vásquez-Ocmín P, Maciuk A, Tomasi S. Lichen-associated bacteria transform antibacterial usnic acid to products of lower antibiotic activity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 181:112535. [PMID: 33099225 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lichens are specific symbiotic organisms harboring various microorganisms in addition to the two classic partners (algae or cyanobacterium and fungus). Although lichens produce many antibiotic compounds such as (+)-usnic acid, their associated microorganisms possess the ability to colonize an environment where antibiosis exists. Here, we have studied the behavior of several lichen-associated bacterial strains in the presence of (+)-usnic acid, a known antibiotic lichen compound. The effect of this compound was firstly evaluated on the growth and metabolism of three bacteria, thus showing its ability to inhibit Gram-positive bacteria. This inhibition was not thwarted with the usnic acid producer strain Streptomyces cyaneofuscatus. The biotransformation of this lichen metabolite was also studied. An ethanolamine derivative of (+)-usnic acid with low antibiotic activity was highlighted with chemical profiling, using HPLC-UV combined with low resolution mass spectrometry. These findings highlight the way in which some strains develop resistance mechanisms. A methylated derivative of (+)-usnic acid was annotated using the molecular networking method, thus showing the interest of this computer-based approach in biotransformation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Noël
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Latifa Bousarghin
- INSERM, Univ. Rennes, INRA, CHU Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), UMR-1241, Biosit, MRic/ISFR, Rennes, France
| | | | - Alexandre Maciuk
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Sophie Tomasi
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France.
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Naturally Occurring Flavonoids and Isoflavonoids and Their Microbial Transformation: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215112. [PMID: 33153224 PMCID: PMC7663748 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids and isoflavonoids are polyphenolic secondary metabolites usually produced by plants adapting to changing ecological environments over a long period of time. Therefore, their biosynthesis pathways are considered as the most distinctive natural product pathway in plants. Seemingly, the flavonoids and isoflavones from fungi and actinomycetes have been relatively overlooked. In this review, we summarized and classified the isoflavones and flavonoids derived from fungi and actinomycetes and described their biological activities. Increasing attention has been paid to bioactive substances derived from microorganism whole-cell biotransformation. Additionally, we described the utilization of isoflavones and flavonoids as substrates by fungi and actinomycetes for biotransformation through hydroxylation, methylation, halogenation, glycosylation, dehydrogenation, cyclisation, and hydrogenation reactions to obtain rare and highly active biofunctional derivatives. Overall, among all microorganisms, actinomycetes are the main producers of flavonoids. In our review, we also summarized the functional genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis.
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12
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Qi G, Chen S, Ke L, Ma G, Zhao X. Cover crops restore declining soil properties and suppress bacterial wilt by regulating rhizosphere bacterial communities and improving soil nutrient contents. Microbiol Res 2020; 238:126505. [PMID: 32516644 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial wilt (BW) disease causes huge economic loss. Heretofore there is no effective way to completely control BW. Here, cover crops (pea, rapeseed, and wheat) were used to restore declining soil properties and control BW. Cover crops can increase content of soil organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and enzymatic activities, as well as suppress BW. Different kinds of cover crops are distinguished in recovering different soil properties. For instance, rapeseed can inhibit BW more effectively than wheat and pea, while wheat has the best effect on increasing soil organic matter, urease, and invertase. Nevertheless, pea improves catalase better than rapeseed and wheat. Moreover, relative abundance of plant-beneficial bacteria in cover crop treatments is higher than that in the control, with a negative correlation with disease index. For example, wheat has the best effect on improving the growth of plant-beneficial bacteria, followed by rapeseed. The bacteria involved in nitrogen cycling are enriched in pea treatments. However, the relative abundance of pathogen and denitrifying bacteria in cover crop treatments is lower than that in the control, with a positive correlation with disease index. The count of bacteria genes involved in nutrients cycling, antibiotics synthesis, and biodegradation of toxic compounds in cover crop treatments is higher than that in the control. Wheat includes more these genes than rapeseed and pea. Overall, cover crops can restore declining soil properties and suppress BW by increasing soil nutrients and beneficial bacteria as well as decreasing pathogen. Among all cover crops, wheat is considered as the optimal one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofu Qi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Shu Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Luxin Ke
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, the Biomedical Sciences Training Program (BSTP), School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Gaoqiang Ma
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Xiuyun Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
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Liu C, Jiang Y, Huang R, Jiang B, Zheng K, Wu S. Diverse Secondary Metabolites from a Lichen-Derived Amycolatopsis Strain. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:2104-2110. [PMID: 32468182 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the secondary metabolites of a lichen-derived actinomycete strain Amycolatopsis sp. YIM 130687 were investigated intensively by using three different media (4#, 302#, and 312#) for fermentation. A total of 21 compounds were isolated from the fermented extraction of the strain. The structures of all compounds were identified by the examination of HRESIMS and NMR spectra. Compounds 1-3, 5, 6, 21 were only found in the cultivation on 302# medium, while compounds 4, 9-11 were only obtained when the strain was cultured on 312# medium. On the other hand, compounds 7, 8, and 20 were only isolated from the fermentation product on 4# medium. The antimicrobial activity test showed that compound 9 had significant inhibitory effects on bacterial pathogens of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA with the MICs of 2 μg/ml and fungal pathogens of Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium graminearum with the MICs of 1 μg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuansheng Liu
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Rong Huang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Boguang Jiang
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Kaixuan Zheng
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Shaohua Wu
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
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Santos NE, Carreira AR, Silva VLM, Braga SS. Natural and Biomimetic Antitumor Pyrazoles, A Perspective. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 25:molecules25061364. [PMID: 32192149 PMCID: PMC7144110 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present review presents an overview of antitumor pyrazoles of natural or bioinspired origins. Pyrazole compounds are relatively rare in nature, the first ones having been reported in 1966 and being essentially used as somniferous drugs. Cytotoxic pyrazoles of natural sources were first isolated in 1969, and a few others have been reported since then, most of them in the last decade. This paper presents a perspective on the current knowledge on antitumor natural pyrazoles, organized into two sections. The first focuses on the three known families of cytotoxic pyrazoles that were directly isolated from plants, for which the knowledge of the medicinal properties is in its infancy. The second section describes pyrazole derivatives of natural products, discussing their structure–activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia E. Santos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (N.E.S.); (S.S.B.)
| | - Ana R.F. Carreira
- CICECO–Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Vera L. M. Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Susana Santos Braga
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (N.E.S.); (S.S.B.)
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Hill RA, Sutherland A. Hot off the Press. Nat Prod Rep 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9np90031d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A personal selection of 32 recent papers is presented covering various aspects of current developments in bioorganic chemistry and novel natural products such as peyssonnoside A from a Peyssonnelia species.
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