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Echeverry-Gallego RA, Martínez-Pachón D, Arenas NE, Franco DC, Moncayo-Lasso A, Vanegas J. Characterization of bacterial diversity in rhizospheric soils, irrigation water, and lettuce crops in municipalities near the Bogotá river, Colombia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35909. [PMID: 39229531 PMCID: PMC11369436 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of wastewater in agricultural practices poses a potential risk for the spread of foodborne diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the bacterial biodiversity in rhizospheric soil, irrigation water, and lettuce crops in three municipalities adjacent to the Bogotá River, Colombia. Samples were collected in Mosquera, Funza, and Cota municipalities, including rhizospheric soil, lettuce leaves, and irrigation water. The total DNA extraction was performed to analyze bacterial diversity through high-throughput sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA genes, utilizing the Illumina HiSeq 2500 PE 300 sequencing platform. A total of 198 genera from the rhizospheric soil were detected including a higher abundance of zOTUs such as Bacillus, Streptomyces, and clinically relevant genera such as Mycobacterium and Pseudomonas. In lettuce, the detection of 26 genera of endophytic bacteria showed to Proteobacteria and Firmicutes as the predominant phyla, with Staphylococcus and Bacillus as the most abundant genera. Notably, Funza's crops exhibited the highest abundance of endophytes, approximately 50 %, compared to Cota (20 %). Furthermore, the most abundant bacterial genera in the irrigation water were Flavobacterium and Pseudomonas. The most prevalent Enterobacteriaceae were Serratia, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Klebsiella, Yersinia, Shigella, Escherichia, and Erwinia. The Bacillus genus was highly enriched in both rhizospheric soils and lettuce crops, indicating its significant contribution as the main endophytic bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A. Echeverry-Gallego
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá DC, Colombia
- Doctorado en Ciencia Aplicada, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Diana Martínez-Pachón
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Nelson Enrique Arenas
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá DC, Colombia
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena. Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Diego C Franco
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alejandro Moncayo-Lasso
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Javier Vanegas
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá DC, Colombia
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2
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Bulla-Marín NY, Henao L, Husserl J. Risk of Illness with Salmonella Spp. and Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella sp. due to Consumption of Lettuce Irrigated with Water from La Ramada Irrigation District. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2024. [PMID: 38957952 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2024.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite heavy contamination of the Bogotá River with domestic and industrial waste, it remains vital for various purposes, including agricultural use at La Ramada Irrigation District. There are important concerns regarding pathogen concentrations in irrigation water at La Ramada, including the presence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella spp. This study aimed to estimate the risk of Salmonella-related illness from consuming lettuce irrigated with Bogotá River water at La Ramada. We collected lettuce samples from 4 different sites, all irrigated with water from La Ramada. The methodology involved a process to detach Salmonella spp. from lettuce leaves, quantification through plate counts on SS agar, and establishment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria concentrations through growth on media supplemented with ampicillin or ciprofloxacin. The results showed concentrations of Salmonella spp. of 103.59,102.66, and 104.56 CFU/g lettuce at sites 1, 2, and 3, respectively, and ampicillin-resistant Salmonella spp. of 101.93, 101.31, and 102.07 CFU/g lettuce at sites 1, 2, and 3, respectively. No colonies were obtained from lettuce samples collected from site 4. Notably, we detected no isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin at any of the sites. Salmonella spp. concentrations varied greatly among sampling sites. Salmonella spp. concentrations were used to predict the daily probability of illness, with a probability of 0.59 (0.33 to 0.78, CI 95%) for Salmonella spp. and 0.3 (0.03 to 0.53, CI 95%) for ampicillin-resistant Salmonella spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Yusep Bulla-Marín
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia, South America
| | - Laura Henao
- Department of Civil Engineering, Universidad Católica de Colombia, South America
| | - Johana Husserl
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia, South America
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3
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Saleh RO, Almajidi YQ, Mansouri S, Hammoud A, Rodrigues P, Mezan SO, Maabreh HG, Deorari M, Shakir MN, Alasheqi MQ. Dual-mode colorimetric and fluorescence biosensors for the detection of foodborne bacteria. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 553:117741. [PMID: 38158002 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Due to the growing demand for detection technologies, there has been significant interest in the development of integrated dual-modal sensing technologies, which involve combining two signal transduction channels into a single technique, particularly in the context of food safety. The integration of two detection signals not only improves diagnostic performance by reducing assumptions, but also enhances diagnostic functions with increased application flexibility, improved accuracy, and a wider detection linear range. The top two output signals for emerging dual-modal probes are fluorescent and colorimetric, due to their exceptional advantages for real-time sensitive sensing and point-of-care applications. With the rapid progress of nanotechnology and material chemistry, the integrated colorimetric/fluorimetric dual-mode systems show immense potential in sensing foodborne pathogenic bacteria. In this comprehensive review, we present a detailed summary of various colorimetric and fluorimetric dual-modal sensing methods, with a focus on their application in detecting foodborne bacteria. We thoroughly examine the sensing methodologies and the underlying principles of the signal transduction systems, and also discuss the challenges and future prospects for advancing research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raed Obaid Saleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar, Iraq
| | | | - Sofiene Mansouri
- Department of Biomedical Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; University of Tunis El Manar, Higher Institute of Medical Technologies of Tunis, Laboratory of Biophysics and Medical Technologies, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Ahmad Hammoud
- Department of Medical and Technical Information Technology, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mishref Campus, Kuwait.
| | - Paul Rodrigues
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Al-Faraa, KSA, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Oudah Mezan
- Optical Department, College of Health and Medical Technology, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq; Republic of Iraq, Ministry of Education, Open Educational College, Studies Muthanna Centre, Iraq
| | - Hatem Ghaleb Maabreh
- RUDN University (Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba), department of dermatovenerology, foreign languages, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mahamedha Deorari
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Maha Noori Shakir
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
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4
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Bolten S, Belias A, Weigand KA, Pajor M, Qian C, Ivanek R, Wiedmann M. Population dynamics of Listeria spp., Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli on fresh produce: A scoping review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:4537-4572. [PMID: 37942966 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Collation of the current scope of literature related to population dynamics (i.e., growth, die-off, survival) of foodborne pathogens on fresh produce can aid in informing future research directions and help stakeholders identify relevant research literature. A scoping review was conducted to gather and synthesize literature that investigates population dynamics of pathogenic and non-pathogenic Listeria spp., Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli on whole unprocessed fresh produce (defined as produce not having undergone chopping, cutting, homogenization, irradiation, or pasteurization). Literature sources were identified using an exhaustive search of research and industry reports published prior to September 23, 2021, followed by screening for relevance based on strict, a priori eligibility criteria. A total of 277 studies that met all eligibility criteria were subjected to an in-depth qualitative review of various factors (e.g., produce commodities, study settings, inoculation methodologies) that affect population dynamics. Included studies represent investigations of population dynamics on produce before (i.e., pre-harvest; n = 143) and after (i.e., post-harvest; n = 144) harvest. Several knowledge gaps were identified, including the limited representation of (i) pre-harvest studies that investigated population dynamics of Listeria spp. on produce (n = 13, 9% of pre-harvest studies), (ii) pre-harvest studies that were carried out on non-sprouts produce types grown using hydroponic cultivation practices (n = 7, 5% of pre-harvest studies), and (iii) post-harvest studies that reported the relative humidity conditions under which experiments were carried out (n = 56, 39% of post-harvest studies). These and other knowledge gaps summarized in this scoping review represent areas of research that can be investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Bolten
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Alexandra Belias
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Kelly A Weigand
- Cary Veterinary Medical Library, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
- Flower-Sprecher Veterinary Library, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Magdalena Pajor
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Chenhao Qian
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Renata Ivanek
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Martin Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Zhang H, Zhai Y, Chen K, Shi H. Adhesion of Escherichia coli O157:H7 during sublethal injury and resuscitation: Importance of pili and surface properties. Food Microbiol 2023; 115:104329. [PMID: 37567635 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 can recover from sublethally injured (SI) state, which causes threat of foodborne illness. Adhesion plays a key role in the carriage of pathogens in food. In this study, we investigated the adhesion ability of SI and recovered E. coli O157:H7 wildtype and its three pili-deficient mutants (curli, type 1 fimbriae, and type IV pili) on six food-related surfaces. Plate counting was used to determine adhesion population after washing and oscillating the surfaces. Spinach exhibited the stronger adhesion population of E. coli O157:H7 than the other fresh produces (p < 0.05). In addition, at least one key pili dominated adhesion on these surfaces, and curli was always included. The adhesion population and contribution of different types of pili were jointly affected by surface and physiological state. This can be attributed to high hydrophobicity and positive charge density on surface and different expression levels of csgB, fimA, fimC and ppdD in SI and recovered cells. Among glucose, mannose, maltose, fructose, lactose, and sucrose, addition of 0.5% mannose could reduce adhesion of cells at all physiological states on stainless steel. Overall, this research will provide support for controlling adhesion of SI and recovered E. coli O157:H7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchen Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yujun Zhai
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kewei Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Shi
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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Zwe YH, Li D. Pathogenic and transmissional potentials of a Chromobacterium haemolyticum isolate from a hydroponic farm. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad149. [PMID: 37442627 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to investigate the in vitro pathogenicity of Chromobacterium haemolyticum strain WI5 toward the intestinal tract, its resistance to water treatments, and its potential for foodborne transmission through leafy greens produced in hydroponic systems. METHODS AND RESULTS C. haemolyticum WI5 caused cytopathic effects in human colon cells HCT116 and exhibited an 8.2-fold higher cell attachment compared to Salmonella serotype Typhimurium. It showed comparable resistance to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ultraviolet (UV) treatments as Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa but was more susceptible to desiccation. On lettuce, C. haemolyticum WI5 failed to persist, with counts decreasing below the detection limit (≥4 log reductions) after 3 and 2 days at 4 and 25°C, respectively. CONCLUSIONS C. haemolyticum WI5 demonstrated considerable virulence features and high in vitro pathogenicity toward the intestinal tract. NaOCl and UV treatments were effective in disinfecting C. haemolyticum in water. Due to its high susceptibility to desiccation and poor survivability on lettuce, the foodborne transmission potential of C. haemolyticum is considered limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Htut Zwe
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
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Cardoso LT, Alexandre B, Cacciatore FA, Magedans YVDS, Fett-Neto AG, Contri RV, Malheiros PDS. Carvacrol-loaded nanoemulsions produced with a natural emulsifier for lettuce sanitization. Food Res Int 2023; 168:112748. [PMID: 37120202 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Carvacrol is an antimicrobial agent that shows potential for eliminating microorganisms in vegetables, increasing food safety. However, intense odor and low water solubility of carvacrol are limiting factors for its application for fresh vegetables sanitization, which can be overcome by nanotechnology. Two different nanoemulsions containing carvacrol (11 mg/mL) were developed by probe sonication: carvacrol-saponin nanoemulsion (CNS) and carvacrol-polysorbate 80 nanoemulsion (CNP). Formulations presented appropriate droplet sizes (from 74.7 nm to 168.2 nm) and high carvacrol encapsulation efficiency (EE) (from 89.5 % to 91.5 %). CNS showed adequate droplet size distribution (PDI < 0.22) and high zeta potential values (around -30 mV) compared to CNP, with saponin chosen for the following experiments. Carvacrol nanoemulsions presented Bacterial Inactivation Concentration (BIC) against the Salmonella cocktail from 5.51 to 0.69 mg/mL and for the E. coli cocktail from 1.84 to 0.69 mg/mL. Among all tested nanoemulsions, CNS1 presented the lowest BIC (0.69 mg/mL) against both bacterial cocktails. Damage to bacterial cells in lettuce treated with nanoemulsion was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. For lettuce sanitization, CNS1 showed a similar effect to unencapsulated carvacrol, with a high bacterial reduction (>3 log CFU/g) after lettuce immersion for 15 min at 2 × BIC. Using the same immersion time, the CNS1 (2 × BIC) demonstrated equal or better efficacy in reducing both tested bacterial cocktails (>3 log CFU/g) when compared to acetic acid (6.25 mg/mL), citric acid (25 mg/mL), and sodium hypochlorite solution (150 ppm). Lettuce immersed in CNS1 at both concentrations (BIC and 2 × BIC) did not change the color and texture of leaves, while the unencapsulated carvacrol at 2 × BIC darkened them and reduced their firmness. Consequently, carvacrol-saponin nanoemulsion (CNS1) proved to be a potential sanitizer for lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Thomé Cardoso
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Higiene dos Alimentos, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | - Bibiana Alexandre
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Higiene dos Alimentos, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | - Fabiola Ayres Cacciatore
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Higiene dos Alimentos, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | - Yve Verônica da Silva Magedans
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Centro de Biotecnologia e Instituto de Biociências (Departamento de Botânica), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | - Arthur Germano Fett-Neto
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Centro de Biotecnologia e Instituto de Biociências (Departamento de Botânica), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | - Renata Vidor Contri
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | - Patrícia da Silva Malheiros
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Higiene dos Alimentos, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil.
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Esmael A, Al-Hindi RR, Albiheyri RS, Alharbi MG, Filimban AAR, Alseghayer MS, Almaneea AM, Alhadlaq MA, Ayubu J, Teklemariam AD. Fresh Produce as a Potential Vector and Reservoir for Human Bacterial Pathogens: Revealing the Ambiguity of Interaction and Transmission. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030753. [PMID: 36985326 PMCID: PMC10056104 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumer demand for fresh produce (vegetables and fruits) has considerably increased since the 1980s for more nutritious foods and healthier life practices, particularly in developed countries. Currently, several foodborne outbreaks have been linked to fresh produce. The global rise in fresh produce associated with human infections may be due to the use of wastewater or any contaminated water for the cultivation of fruits and vegetables, the firm attachment of the foodborne pathogens on the plant surface, and the internalization of these agents deep inside the tissue of the plant, poor disinfection practices and human consumption of raw fresh produce. Several investigations have been established related to the human microbial pathogens (HMPs) interaction, their internalization, and survival on/within plant tissue. Previous studies have displayed that HMPs are comprised of several cellular constituents to attach and adapt to the plant’s intracellular niches. In addition, there are several plant-associated factors, such as surface morphology, nutrient content, and plant–HMP interactions, that determine the internalization and subsequent transmission to humans. Based on documented findings, the internalized HMPs are not susceptible to sanitation or decontaminants applied on the surface of the fresh produce. Therefore, the contamination of fresh produce by HMPs could pose significant food safety hazards. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the interaction between fresh produce and HMPs and reveals the ambiguity of interaction and transmission of the agents to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Esmael
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
- Correspondence: (A.E.); (R.R.A.)
| | - Rashad R. Al-Hindi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.E.); (R.R.A.)
| | - Raed S. Albiheyri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona G. Alharbi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani A. R. Filimban
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen S. Alseghayer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Monitoring and Risk Assessment Department, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh 13513, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz M. Almaneea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Monitoring and Risk Assessment Department, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh 13513, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshari Ahmed Alhadlaq
- Molecular Biology Section, Reference Laboratory for Microbiology Department, Research and Laboratories Sector, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh 13513, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jumaa Ayubu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Addisu D. Teklemariam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Deveci B, Golge O, Kabak B. Quantification of 363 Pesticides in Leafy Vegetables (Dill, Rocket and Parsley) in the Turkey Market by Using QuEChERS with LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS. Foods 2023; 12:foods12051034. [PMID: 36900550 PMCID: PMC10000932 DOI: 10.3390/foods12051034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Contamination of agricultural products with pesticide residues is a growing concern due to their adverse health effects and increasing worldwide usage of pesticides. In 2021 a total of 200 samples of green leafy vegetables, including 80 dill, 80 rocket and 40 parsley, purchased from greengrocer shops, markets and bazaars in Corum Province, Turkey, were monitored for pesticide residues. In green leafy vegetables, 363 pesticides were analyzed using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) sample preparation, followed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for 311 residues and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) for 52 residues. The method was in-house validated at two fortification levels, and satisfactory recoveries and precisions were achieved for all residues. No quantifiable residues were found in 35% of the samples, whereas 43 residues belonging to 24 different chemical classes were detected in 130 green leafy vegetables. Among the green leafy vegetables, the highest occurrence frequency was recorded in the rocket, followed by dill and parsley. In 46% of the green leafy vegetables, the residue levels exceeded European Union Maximum Residue Levels (EU MRLs). The most frequently detected pesticides were pendimethalin (22.5%), diuron (38.7%) and pymetrozine (52.5%) in dill, rocket and parsley, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Deveci
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hitit University, Corum 19030, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Golge
- Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, Faculty of Tourism, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya 07425, Turkey
| | - Bulent Kabak
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hitit University, Corum 19030, Turkey
- Correspondence:
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10
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Brunn AA, Roustit M, Kadri-Alabi Z, Guardabassi L, Waage J. A Meta-Analysis to Estimate Prevalence of Resistance to Tetracyclines and Third Generation Cephalosporins in Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Food Crops. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1424. [PMID: 36290083 PMCID: PMC9598472 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of human and animal waste to fields and water sources and on-farm antimicrobial usage are documented contributors to the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in agricultural domains. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the prevalence of resistance to tetracycline (TET) and third generation cephalosporins (3GC) in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from food crops. TET was selected in view of its wide use in agriculture, whereas 3GC were selected because of the public health concerns of reported resistance to these critically important antibiotics in the environment. Forty-two studies from all six world regions published between 2010 and 2022 met the eligibility criteria. A random effects model estimated that 4.63% (95% CI: 2.57%, 7.18%; p-value: <0.0001) and 3.75% (95%CI: 2.13%, 5.74%; p-value: <0.0001) of surveyed food crops harboured Enterobacteriaceae resistant to TET and 3GC, respectively. No significant differences were observed between pre- and post-harvest stages of the value chain. 3GC resistance prevalence estimates in food crops were highest for the African region (6.59%; 95% CI: 2.41%, 12.40%; p-value: <0.0001) and lowest for Europe (1.84%; 95% CI: 0.00%, 6.02%; p-value: <0.0001). Considering the rare use of 3GC in agriculture, these results support its inclusion for AMR surveillance in food crops. Integrating food crops into One Health AMR surveillance using harmonized sampling methods could confirm trends highlighted here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel A. Brunn
- Department of Public Health, Environment and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Manon Roustit
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Zaharat Kadri-Alabi
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Luca Guardabassi
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeff Waage
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
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11
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Fang Z, Zhou X, Wang X, Shi X. Development of a 3-plex droplet digital PCR for identification and absolute quantification of Salmonella and its two important serovars in various food samples. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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12
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Zhang J, Wang J, Jin J, Li X, Zhang H, Zhao C. Prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and enterotoxin genes of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk and dairy products worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Res Int 2022; 162:111969. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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A surface-enhanced Raman scattering aptasensor for Escherichia coli detection based on high-performance 3D substrate and hot spot effect. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1221:340141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Yepez X, Illera AE, Baykara H, Keener K. Recent Advances and Potential Applications of Atmospheric Pressure Cold Plasma Technology for Sustainable Food Processing. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131833. [PMID: 35804648 PMCID: PMC9265751 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In a circular economy, products, waste, and resources are kept in the system as long as possible. This review aims to highlight the importance of cold plasma technology as an alternative solution to some challenges in the food chain, such as the extensive energy demand and the hazardous chemicals used. Atmospheric cold plasma can provide a rich source of reactive gas species such as radicals, excited neutrals, ions, free electrons, and UV light that can be efficiently used for sterilization and decontamination, degrading toxins, and pesticides. Atmospheric cold plasma can also improve the utilization of materials in agriculture and food processing, as well as convert waste into resources. The use of atmospheric cold plasma technology is not without challenges. The wide range of reactive gas species leads to many questions about their safety, active life, and environmental impact. Additionally, the associated regulatory approval process requires significant data demonstrating its efficacy. Cold plasma generation requires a specific reliable system, process control monitoring, scalability, and worker safety protections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Yepez
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Ciencias de la Producción, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador;
- Correspondence:
| | - Alba E. Illera
- Faculty of Science, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain;
| | - Haci Baykara
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Ciencias de la Producción, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador;
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Center of Nanotechnology Research and Development (CIDNA), Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador
| | - Kevin Keener
- College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
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15
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Barron-Montenegro R, Rivera D, Serrano MJ, García R, Álvarez DM, Benavides J, Arredondo F, Álvarez FP, Bastías R, Ruiz S, Hamilton-West C, Castro-Nallar E, Moreno-Switt AI. Long-Term Interactions of Salmonella Enteritidis With a Lytic Phage for 21 Days in High Nutrients Media. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:897171. [PMID: 35711664 PMCID: PMC9196899 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.897171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. is a relevant foodborne pathogen with worldwide distribution. To mitigate Salmonella infections, bacteriophages represent an alternative to antimicrobials and chemicals in food animals and food in general. Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that infect bacteria, which interact constantly with their host. Importantly, the study of these interactions is crucial for the use of phages as a mitigation strategy. In this study, experimental coevolution of Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) and a lytic phage was conducted in tryptic soy broth for 21 days. Transfer to fresh media was conducted daily and every 24 hours, 2 mL of the sample was collected to quantify Salmonella OD600 and phage titter. Additionally, time-shift experiments were conducted on 20 colonies selected on days 1, 12, and 21 to evaluate the evolution of resistance to past (day 1), present (day 12), and future (day 21) phage populations. The behavior of the dynamics was modeled and simulated with mathematical mass-action models. Bacteria and phage from days 1 and 21 were sequenced to determine the emergence of mutations. We found that S. Enteritidis grew for 21 days in the presence and absence of the phage and developed resistance to the phage from day 1. Also, the phage was also able to survive in the media for 21 days, however, the phage titer decreased in approx. 3 logs PFU/mL. The stability of the lytic phage population was consistent with the leaky resistance model. The time-shift experiments showed resistance to phages from day 1 of at least 85% to the past, present, and future phages. Sequencing of S. Enteritidis showed mutations in genes involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis genes rfbP and rfbN at day 21. The phage showed mutations in the tail phage proteins responsible for recognizing the cell surface receptors. These results suggest that interactions between bacteria and phage in a rich resource media generate a rapid resistance to the infective phage but a fraction of the population remains susceptible. Interactions between Salmonella and lytic phages are an important component for the rational use of phages to control this important foodborne pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Barron-Montenegro
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dácil Rivera
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Jesus Serrano
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo García
- Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Diana M. Álvarez
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julio Benavides
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- MIVEGEC, MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Fernanda Arredondo
- Centro de Bioinformática y Biología Integrativa, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca P. Álvarez
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Bastías
- Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Soledad Ruiz
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christopher Hamilton-West
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Castro-Nallar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Interdisciplinarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Andrea I. Moreno-Switt
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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16
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Silva MBRD, Maffei DF, Moreira DA, Dias M, Mendes MA, Franco BDGDM. Agricultural practices in Brazilian organic farms and microbiological characteristics of samples collected along the production chain. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:1185-1196. [PMID: 34365710 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To gather data on agricultural practices in organic farms in Sao Paulo, Brazil, and evaluate their relationship with the microbiological characteristics of samples collected along the production chain. METHODS AND RESULTS Practices data were based on field observations and interviews with farmers in 10 selected organic lettuce producing farms. Counts of Enterobacteriaceae and surveys for Salmonella were performed in samples of lettuce (before and after washing), fertilizers, irrigation and washing water, all collected in the same farm. Water samples were also tested for total coliforms and generic Escherichia coli. Isolated Enterobacteriaceae were identified by MALDI-TOF MS. Contamination of lettuce was influenced by some agricultural practices: chicken manure-based fertilization resulted in higher Enterobacteriaceae counts in lettuce when compared to other types of manure, whereas pre-washed lettuces presented lower microbial counts than non-pre-washed samples. Salmonella was detected in one lettuce sample by qPCR. Escherichia coli was detected in all irrigation water samples. All sample types contained Enterobacteriaceae species commonly reported as opportunistic human pathogens. CONCLUSIONS The data highlight the need for improvement in the good agricultural practices in the studied farms. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study provides information on agricultural practices and microbiological characteristics of organic lettuce, contributing to the development of more accurate risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Belchior Rosendo da Silva
- Food Research Center (FoRC), Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniele Fernanda Maffei
- Food Research Center (FoRC), Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition, ‟Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Debora Andrade Moreira
- Food Research Center (FoRC), Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Meriellen Dias
- Dempster MS Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Anita Mendes
- Dempster MS Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bernadette Dora Gombossy de Melo Franco
- Food Research Center (FoRC), Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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17
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Song HJ, Ku KM. Optimization of allyl isothiocyanate sanitizing concentration for inactivation of Salmonella Typhimurium on lettuce based on its phenotypic and metabolome changes. Food Chem 2021; 364:130438. [PMID: 34186479 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), a natural compound, is a promising food additive and preservative because of its safety and effectiveness. In order to determine optimal AITC concentrations for disinfection of food pathogen on lettuce without compromising postharvest quality, various concentrations of AITC (0, 1, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 µL L-1) were applied to Salmonella Typhimurium inoculated lettuce in air-tight box at 7 °C. As a result, the decline in visual quality, weight loss via cell membrane damage, and significantly reduced antioxidant activity were observed in lettuce treated with an AITC concentration of 2.5 µL L-1, 5 µL L-1 or higher. Moreover, metabolome analysis showed pattern of increased respiratory and cell damage, such as lipid peroxidation. Based on physiological changes, 1 µL L-1 was determined as the optimal AITC concentration that significantly reduced S. Typhimurium population (4.01 log CFU g-1) on lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jong Song
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Mo Ku
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Department of Horticulture at Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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18
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George AS, Brandl MT. Plant Bioactive Compounds as an Intrinsic and Sustainable Tool to Enhance the Microbial Safety of Crops. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2485. [PMID: 34946087 PMCID: PMC8704493 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of produce-associated foodborne illness continue to pose a threat to human health worldwide. New approaches are necessary to improve produce safety. Plant innate immunity has potential as a host-based strategy for the deactivation of enteric pathogens. In response to various biotic and abiotic threats, plants mount defense responses that are governed by signaling pathways. Once activated, these result in the release of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in addition to secondary metabolites that aim at tempering microbial infection and pest attack. These phytochemicals have been investigated as alternatives to chemical sanitization, as many are effective antimicrobial compounds in vitro. Their antagonistic activity toward enteric pathogens may also provide an intrinsic hurdle to their viability and multiplication in planta. Plants can detect and mount basal defenses against enteric pathogens. Evidence supports the role of plant bioactive compounds in the physiology of Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes as well as their fitness on plants. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of the effect of phytochemicals on enteric pathogens and their colonization of plants. Further understanding of the interplay between foodborne pathogens and the chemical environment on/in host plants may have lasting impacts on crop management for enhanced microbial safety through translational applications in plant breeding, editing technologies, and defense priming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria T. Brandl
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA 94710, USA;
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19
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Haile AF, Woodfint RM, Kim E, Joldrichsen MR, Berhe N, Gebreyes WA, Boyaka PN. Broad-Spectrum and Gram-Negative-Targeting Antibiotics Differentially Regulate Antibody Isotype Responses to Injected Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111240. [PMID: 34835171 PMCID: PMC8619726 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are extensively used worldwide for the treatment of common infections by agents such as E. coli and Salmonella. They also represent the most common cause of alteration of the microbiota in people. We addressed whether broad-spectrum and Gram-negative-targeting antibiotics differentially regulate systemic and mucosal immune responses to vaccines. Antibiotics treatment enhances serum IgG1 responses in mice immunized systemically with a model polyvalent vaccine. This increase was not seen for other IgG subclasses and was dependent on the immunogenicity of vaccine antigens. The broad-spectrum antibiotic cocktail also enhanced serum IgA responses. Interestingly, both the broad spectrum and the antibiotic targeting Gram-negative bacteria enhanced the number of IgA antibody secreting cells in the intestinal lamina propria. This effect was unlikely to be due to an increase in cells expressing gut-homing receptors (i.e., CCR9 and α4β7) in peripheral tissues. On the other hand, the microbiome in mice treated with antibiotics was characterized by an overall reduction of the number of firmicutes. Furthermore, Bacteroidetes were increased by either treatment, and Proteobacteria were increased by the broad-spectrum antibiotics cocktail. Thus, immunoglobulin isotype and subclass responses are differentially regulated by oral antibiotics treatment and the gut microbiota shapes mucosal antibody responses after systemic immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aklilu F. Haile
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.F.H.); (R.M.W.); (E.K.); (M.R.J.)
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 1000, Ethiopia;
| | - Rachel M. Woodfint
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.F.H.); (R.M.W.); (E.K.); (M.R.J.)
| | - Eunsoo Kim
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.F.H.); (R.M.W.); (E.K.); (M.R.J.)
| | - Marisa R. Joldrichsen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.F.H.); (R.M.W.); (E.K.); (M.R.J.)
| | - Nega Berhe
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 1000, Ethiopia;
| | - Wondwoossen A. Gebreyes
- Department of Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Global One Health Initiative, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Infection Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Prosper N. Boyaka
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.F.H.); (R.M.W.); (E.K.); (M.R.J.)
- Global One Health Initiative, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Infection Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department Microbial Immunity and Infection, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence:
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20
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Xiao X, Tang B, Liu S, Suo Y, Yang H, Wang W. Evaluation of the Stress Tolerance of Salmonella with Different Antibiotic Resistance Profiles. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5604458. [PMID: 34568492 PMCID: PMC8457946 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5604458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Disease caused by antibiotic-resistant Salmonella is a serious clinical problem that poses a great threat to public health. The present study is aimed at assessing differences in bacterial kinetics with different antibiotic resistance profiles under environmental stress and at developing microbial tolerance models in lettuce during storage from 4 to 36°C. The drug-resistance phenotypes of 10 Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) isolates were examined using the broth microdilution method. The results of 10 S. Typhimurium isolates in the suspensions showed that a slow trend towards reduction of drug-sensitive (DS) isolates in relation to the others though without statistical difference. Compared to DS S. Typhimurium SA62, greater bacterial reduction was observed in multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. Typhimurium HZC3 during lettuce storage at 4°C (P < 0.05). It was likely that a cross-response between antibiotic resistance and food-associated stress tolerance. The greater growth in lettuce at 12°C was observed for DS S. Typhimurium SA62 compared to MDR S. Typhimurium HZC3 and was even statistically different (P < 0.05), while no significant difference was observed for bacterial growth between MDR S. Typhimurium HZC3 and DS S. Typhimurium SA62 strains in lettuce storage from 16 to 36°C (P > 0.05). The goodness-of-fit indices indicated the Log-linear primary model provided a satisfactory fit to describe the MDR S. Typhimurium HZC3 and DS S. Typhimurium SA62 survival at 4°C. A square root secondary model could be used to describe the effect of temperature (12, 16, 28, and 36°C) on the growth rates of S. Typhimurium HZC3 (adj - R 2 = 0.91, RMSE = 0.06) and S. Typhimurium SA62 (adj - R 2 = 0.99, RMSE = 0.01) derived from the Huang primary model. It was necessary to pay attention to the tolerance of antibiotic resistant bacteria under environmental stress, and the generated models could provide parts of the input data for microbial risk assessment of Salmonella with different antibiotic resistance profile in lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingning Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, MOA Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Hangzhou), Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Biao Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, MOA Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Hangzhou), Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Siyi Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yujuan Suo
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, MOA Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Hangzhou), Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, MOA Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Hangzhou), Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
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21
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Bai X, Nakatsu CH, Bhunia AK. Bacterial Biofilms and Their Implications in Pathogenesis and Food Safety. Foods 2021; 10:2117. [PMID: 34574227 PMCID: PMC8472614 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation is an integral part of the microbial life cycle in nature. In food processing environments, bacterial transmissions occur primarily through raw or undercooked foods and by cross-contamination during unsanitary food preparation practices. Foodborne pathogens form biofilms as a survival strategy in various unfavorable environments, which also become a frequent source of recurrent contamination and outbreaks of foodborne illness. Instead of focusing on bacterial biofilm formation and their pathogenicity individually, this review discusses on a molecular level how these two physiological processes are connected in several common foodborne pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli. In addition, biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is discussed because it aids the persistence of many foodborne pathogens forming polymicrobial biofilms on food contact surfaces, thus significantly elevating food safety and public health concerns. Furthermore, in-depth analyses of several bacterial molecules with dual functions in biofilm formation and pathogenicity are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjian Bai
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Cindy H. Nakatsu
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Arun K. Bhunia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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22
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Das S, Vishakha K, Banerjee S, Mondal S, Ganguli A. Antibacterial and antibiofilm effectiveness of bioactive packaging materials from edible sodium alginate and vanillin: Assessment on lettuce. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shatabdi Das
- Department of Microbiology Techno India University Kolkata India
| | - Kumari Vishakha
- Department of Microbiology Techno India University Kolkata India
| | | | | | - Arnab Ganguli
- Department of Microbiology Techno India University Kolkata India
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23
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Isolation, characterization and application of an alkaline resistant virulent bacteriophage JN01 against Escherichia coli O157:H7 in milk and beef. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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24
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Meta-analysis of Escherichia coli O157 prevalence in foods of animal origin in Turkey. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2020-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The present study aims to analyze the prevalence of E. coli O157 detected in foods of animal origin by meta-analysis. The prevalence of E. coli O157 detected in the different studies was combined to provide a common prevalence estimate, and heterogeneities between studies were investigated. The study material consisted of 49 studies investigating E. coli O157 prevalence in a total of 9600 food samples, including milk and dairy products, red meat and products, poultry meat and products, and cold appetizers between the years 1997-2019 in Turkey. In the meta-analysis, the Der-Simonian-Laird method was used. Meta-analyses were performed using the R 3.6.1. As a result of the meta-analysis, the common prevalence of E. coli O157 was 0.024 (0.018-0.029). As a result of the Egger’s Linear Regression Test, the study samples were found to be biased (t-value=6.092, P<0.001). To determine the source of heterogeneity between studies, sub-group and meta-regression analyses were performed in milk and dairy products, red meat and products, poultry meat and products, and ready-to-eat foods (RTEs). Accordingly, the prevalence of E. coli O157 in milk and dairy products, red meat and products, poultry meat and products, and RTEs was determined as 0.017, 0.031, 0.023, and 0.080 in Turkey, respectively. This study provides a stronger and more accurate estimation of the prevalence of E. coli O157 in foods of animal origin with the meta-analysis by eliminating inconsistencies in the effect of the sampling size of independent prevalence studies. However, in order to obtain accurate prevalence results in practice, it is necessary carefully to select the studies to be included in the analysis, to use the appropriate statistical model, and to interpret the results of the analysis correctly.
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25
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Bozkurt H, Bell T, van Ogtrop F, Phan-Thien KY, McConchie R. Assessment of microbial risk during Australian industrial practices for Escherichia coli O157:H7 in fresh cut-cos lettuce: A stochastic quantitative approach. Food Microbiol 2021; 95:103691. [PMID: 33397620 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 risk associated with the consumption of fresh cut-cos lettuce during Australian industrial practices was assessed. A probabilistic risk assessment model was developed and implemented in the @Risk software by using the Monte Carlo simulation technique with 1,000,000 iterations. Australian preharvest practices yielded predicted annual mean E. coli O157:H7 levels from 0.2 to -3.4 log CFU/g and prevalence values ranged from 2 to 6.4%. While exclusion of solar radiation from the baseline model yielded a significant increase in concentration of E. coli O157:H7 (-5.2 -log fold), drip irrigation usage, exclusion of manure amended soil and rainfall reduced E. coli O157:H7 levels by 7.4, 6.5, and 4.3-log fold, respectively. The microbial quality of irrigation water and irrigation type both had a significant effect on E. coli O157:H7 concentrations at harvest (p < 0.05). The probability of illness due to consumption of E. coli O157:H7 contaminated fresh cut-cos lettuce when water washing interventions were introduced into the processing module, was reduced by 1.4-2.7-log fold (p < 0.05). This study provides a robust basis for assessment of risk associated with E. coli O157:H7 contamination on fresh cut-cos lettuce for industrial practices and will assist the leafy green industry and food safety authorities in Australia to identify potential risk management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayriye Bozkurt
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Food Safety in the Fresh Produce Industry, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Tina Bell
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Food Safety in the Fresh Produce Industry, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Floris van Ogtrop
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Food Safety in the Fresh Produce Industry, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Kim-Yen Phan-Thien
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Food Safety in the Fresh Produce Industry, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Robyn McConchie
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Food Safety in the Fresh Produce Industry, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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Hu Y, Zhao M, Lu Z, Lv F, Zhao H, Bie X. L. johnsonii, L. plantarum, and L. rhamnosus alleviated Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli-induced diarrhoea in mice by regulating gut microbiota. Microb Pathog 2021; 154:104856. [PMID: 33766633 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is a prominent foodborne pathogen that causes infectious intestinal diarrhoea. Lactobacillus is a recognized probiotic that inhibits intestinal pathogens and maintains the balance of the intestinal flora. The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulatory effects of three Lactobacillus strains, L. johnsonii, L. plantarum, and L. rhamnosus, on the intestinal flora of EHEC-infected mice. The initial weight and diarrhoea index of the mice were recorded. After 21 days, the faeces of the mice were subjected to 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. The diarrhoea index of mice treated with Lactobacillus improved, their body weight continued to rise, and their liver index gradually decreased. The α diversity analysis showed that the intestinal flora diversity and abundance were lower in mice infected with EHEC than in healthy mice. L. plantarum, L. johnsonii, and L. rhamnosus significantly improved the diversity of the flora species. In terms of flora composition, the three main phyla present were Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. The abundance of these three phyla was reduced to 93.81% after infection and restored to over 96.30% after treatment. At the genus level, Lactobacillus reduced the abundance of Bacteroides, Helicobacter pylori, and Shigella, while increasing the abundance of butyric acid-producing bacteria and Lactobacillus. Finally, a heat map and non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis showed that the intestinal flora structures in the L. johnsonii, L. plantarum, and L. rhamnosus treatment groups were closest to those of healthy mice. In conclusion, L. johnsonii, L. plantarum, and L. rhamnosus regulated and improved the structure of intestinal flora and relieved diarrhoea caused by EHEC infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafan Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengna Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxia Lv
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Haizhen Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Bie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Corredor-García D, García-Pinilla S, Blanco-Lizarazo CM. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Salmonella spp. prevalence in vegetables and fruits. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:47. [PMID: 33564967 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a systematic review and a meta-analysis were conducted to analyse recent worldwide information about the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in vegetables and fruits to estimate the effect of the different processes such as washing, cutting or disinfection, and place of sampling. A systematic search was conducted for articles from 2014 to 2020 published to date regarding prevalence of Salmonella spp. in vegetables and fruits, without excluding material by location, or author. It was possible to determine eight categories for vegetables and fruits in comparison with the meta-analysis which showed five categories due to data availability. Results showed prevalence for Salmonella spp. of 0.1%, 0.2%, 13.7%, 0.1%, and 0% for fruits, leafy vegetables, mixed vegetables related to ready-to-eat salads (RTE), tubercles, and tomatoes, respectively. Moreover, categories such as fruits, tubercles, and tomatoes as associated with different types of preparations and places of sampling (Retail stores, fresh products wholesale, street markets, distribution centers, farms, and processing plants) did not present a significant combined effect on the prevalence of Salmonella spp. Likewise, leafy, and mixed vegetables showed differences associated with a type of processing, where leafy fresh unprocessed vegetables had a significant positive effect on the prevalence of the pathogen regarding the RTE products. These findings may be useful for the construction of a quantitative model of risk assessment as a means to characterize the differences among the sort of vegetable, fruit, type of processing, and place of sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Corredor-García
- Food Engineering Program, Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Research Group, Fundación Universitaria Agraria de Colombia, Calle 170#54 a-10,, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
| | - Santiago García-Pinilla
- Food Engineering Program, Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Research Group, Fundación Universitaria Agraria de Colombia, Calle 170#54 a-10,, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
| | - Carla María Blanco-Lizarazo
- Food Engineering Program, Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Research Group, Fundación Universitaria Agraria de Colombia, Calle 170#54 a-10,, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia.
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Lenzi A, Marvasi M, Baldi A. Agronomic practices to limit pre- and post-harvest contamination and proliferation of human pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae in vegetable produce. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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da Costa Lima M, de Souza EL. A systematic quantitative analysis of the published literature on the efficacy of essential oils as sanitizers in fresh leafy vegetables. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:2326-2339. [PMID: 32519881 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1776676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study carried out a systematic quantitative analysis of published literature on the efficacy of essential oils (EOs) as sanitizers in fresh leafy vegetables (FLVs). Efficacy of EO was measured by determining if their application could cause a reduction of microbial population in FLV, as well as by identifying experimental factors that might affect the achieved reduction levels. Data on efficacy of EO to reduce the microbial population and experimental conditions were collected from selected studies and compiled for a distribution and relational analysis. Reduction of an artificial inoculum and/or natural microbiota of FLV caused by 14 different EO were measured in 404 (73.8%) and 143 (26.2%) experiments, respectively. Results of quantitative analysis showed that EO are consistently effective to reduce microbial population in FLV either when the target microorganisms are forming an artificial inoculum or the natural microbiota, being overall similarly effective to or more effective than substances used ordinarily as sanitizers. EO were more effective to reduce the population of microorganisms forming an artificial inoculum than the natural microbiota. EO concentration and inoculum size had no significant effect on achieved reductions. Duration of sanitization treatment with EO had significant effect on achieved reductions and highest reductions were found when the sanitization time was >3 min. Although with the inherent variability in experimental designs found in available literature, the results of this quantitative analysis provide strong evidence that EO are promising candidates for use in strategies to sanitize FLV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiara da Costa Lima
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Evandro Leite de Souza
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
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Entrapment of a phage cocktail and cinnamaldehyde on sodium alginate emulsion-based films to fight food contamination by Escherichia coli and Salmonella Enteritidis. Food Res Int 2019; 128:108791. [PMID: 31955758 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Notwithstanding the implementation of good processing practices in food companies and appropriate washing of food products by the consumer, Salmonella and Escherichia coli outbreaks continue to occur. In this study, different combinations of bacteriophages (phages) and cinnamaldehyde (CNMA) were incorporated on sodium alginate emulsion-based films to impart them with antimicrobial activity towards S. Enteritidis and E. coli. Films were prepared by casting and they were characterized in terms of CNMA and/or phages loading, thickness, moisture content, water vapor permeability (WVP), swelling index (SW), chemical interactions by FTIR, surface morphology by SEM and antimicrobial performance. Results showed that phages incorporation was not compromised by CNMA as evidenced by their viability inside the films. Increasing CNMA concentration yielded formulations less heterogeneous and a higher amount of CNMA loaded. Films characterization revealed that, in general, phages incorporation did not introduce significant changes on films parameters while the presence of CNMA increased the roughness, thickness and swelling ability of films. Sodium alginate films incorporated with EC4 and φ135 phages displayed antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. Enteritidis, respectively, while CNMA empowered the films with activity against both species. Combination of both phages with the higher concentration of CNMA resulted in a synergic antimicrobial effect against E. coli and a facilitative effect against Salmonella. Overall, incorporation of EC4 and φ135 phages together with CNMA on alginate emulsion-based films holds great potential to be further applied in food packaging to prevent food contamination.
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