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Zhang J, Lu Z, Feng L, Qu D, Zhu J. Identification of microbial communities and multi-species biofilms contamination in seafood processing environments with different hygiene conditions. Food Microbiol 2024; 122:104553. [PMID: 38839233 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Biofilms formed by spoilage and pathogenic bacteria increase microbial persistence, causing an adverse influence on the quality of seafood. The mono-species biofilms are widely reported, however, the contamination of multi-species biofilms and their matrix in food environments are still not fully understood. Here, we assessed the contamination of multi-species biofilms in three seafood processing environments with different hygiene levels by detecting bacterial number and three biofilm matrix components (carbohydrates, extracellular DNA (eDNA), and proteins). Samples comprising seven food matrix surfaces and eight food processing equipment surfaces were collected from two seafood processing plants (XY and XC) and one seafood market (CC). The results showed that the bacterial counts ranged from 1.89 to 4.91 CFU/cm2 and 5.68 to 9.15 BCE/cm2 in these surfaces by cultivation and real-time PCR, respectively. Six biofilm hotspots were identified, including four in CC and two in XY. Among the three processing environments, the amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria decreased with improved processing hygiene, while Firmicutes showed a decrease in the four most abundant phyla. The most prevalent bacteria belonged to genera Psychrobacter, Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas, demonstrating the significant differences and alteration in bacterial community composition during different environments. From the biofilm hotspots, 15 isolates with strong biofilm forming ability were identified, including 7 Pseudomonas, 7 Acinetobacter, and 1 Psychrobacter. The Pseudomonas isolates exhibited the highest production of EPS components and three strong motilities, whose characteristics were positively correlated. Thus, this study verified the presence of multi-species biofilms in seafood processing environments, offering preliminary insights into the diversity of microbial communities during processing. It highlights potential contamination sources and emphasizes the importance of understanding biofilms composition to control biofilms formation in seafood processing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Zhong Lu
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Lifang Feng
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Daofeng Qu
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Junli Zhu
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China.
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2
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Mechmechani S, Yammine J, Alhuthali S, El Mouzawak M, Charvourou G, Ghasrsallaoui A, Chihib NE, Doulgeraki A, Karam L. Study of the Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm, Biofilm-Detached Cells, and Planktonic Cells to Microencapsulated Carvacrol Used Alone or Combined with Low-pH Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7222. [PMID: 39000327 PMCID: PMC11242642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial biofilms pose severe problems in the medical field and food industry, as they are the cause of many serious infections and food-borne diseases. The extreme biofilms' resistance to conventional anti-microbial treatments presents a major challenge to their elimination. In this study, the difference in resistance between Staphylococcus aureus DSMZ 12463 biofilms, biofilm-detached cells, and planktonic cells against microcapsules containing carvacrol was assessed. The antimicrobial/antibiofilm activity of low pH disinfection medium containing the microencapsulated carvacrol was also studied. In addition, the effect of low pH on the in vitro carvacrol release from microcapsules was investigated. The minimum inhibitory concentration of microencapsulated carvacrol was 0.625 mg mL-1. The results showed that biofilms exhibited greater resistance to microencapsulated carvacrol than the biofilm-detached cells and planktonic cells. Low pH treatment alone, by hydrochloric acid addition, showed no bactericidal effect on any of the three states of S. aureus strain. However, microencapsulated carvacrol was able to significantly reduce the planktonic cells and biofilm-detached cells below the detection limit (no bacterial counts), and the biofilm by approximatively 3 log CFU mL-1. In addition, results showed that microencapsulated carvacrol combined with low pH treatment reduced biofilm by more than 5 log CFU mL-1. Thus, the use of microencapsulated carvacrol in acidic environment could be a promising approach to combat biofilms from abiotic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Mechmechani
- Institut National de Recherche Pour L'agriculture, L'alimentation Et L'environnement (INRAE), University of Lille, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), 59120 Lille, France
| | - Jina Yammine
- Institut National de Recherche Pour L'agriculture, L'alimentation Et L'environnement (INRAE), University of Lille, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), 59120 Lille, France
| | - Sakhr Alhuthali
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22233, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - Georgia Charvourou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products-Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA, S. Venizelou 1, 14123 Lycovrissi, Greece
| | - Adem Ghasrsallaoui
- Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique, CNRS, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 Bd 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nour Eddine Chihib
- Institut National de Recherche Pour L'agriculture, L'alimentation Et L'environnement (INRAE), University of Lille, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), 59120 Lille, France
| | - Agapi Doulgeraki
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products-Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA, S. Venizelou 1, 14123 Lycovrissi, Greece
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Layal Karam
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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Chen X, Lan W, Xie J. Natural phenolic compounds: Antimicrobial properties, antimicrobial mechanisms, and potential utilization in the preservation of aquatic products. Food Chem 2024; 440:138198. [PMID: 38128429 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Natural antibacterials have stood out in the last decade due to the growing demand for reducing chemical preservatives in food. In particular, natural phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites produced by plants for numerous functions including antimicrobial defence. Polyphenol has significant antimicrobial activity, but its antimicrobial properties are affected by the cell structure difference of bacteria, the concentration, type, and extraction method of polyphenol, and the treatment time of bacteria exposed to polyphenol. Therefore, this paper analyzed the antibacterial activity and mechanism of polyphenol as an antimicrobial agent. However, there remained significant considerations, including the interaction of polyphenols and food matrix, environmental temperature, and the effect of color and odor of some polyphenols on sensory properties of aquatic products, and the additive amount of polyphenols. On this basis, the application strategies of polyphenols as the antimicrobial agent in aquatic products preservation were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuening Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Weiqing Lan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Aquatic Products Processing and Storage Engineering Technology Research Center, Shanghai 201306, China; National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Aquatic Products Processing and Storage Engineering Technology Research Center, Shanghai 201306, China; National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai 201306, China.
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4
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Zhou G, Dong P, Luo X, Zhu L, Mao Y, Liu Y, Zhang Y. Combined effects of cold and acid on dual-species biofilms of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Listeria monocytogenes under simulated chilled beef processing conditions. Food Microbiol 2024; 117:104394. [PMID: 37919003 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Interactions across bacterial species boundaries are usually influenced by environmental stresses, yet little has been evaluated regarding multifactorial stresses on the fate of dual-species biofilm formation in food industry. In this study, the processing conditions of chilled beef were established as a combination of cold and acid stresses (4 °C and pH 5.4), with pH 7.0 or 25 °C serving as the controls, to investigate the interaction of dual-species biofilm between Pseudomonas fluorescens and Listeria monocytogenes. Dual-species biofilms significantly increased biofilm formation at 72 h under the condition of 25°C-pH7.0 and 25°C-pH5.4 (P < 0.05). Compared with mono-species biofilms, the cell numbers of L. monocytogenes in dual-species biofilms were lower at 25 °C (P < 0.05), however, the adherent cells of L. monocytogenes was higher in dual-species biofilms at 4 °C (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the amount of extracellular polysaccharides and proteins secreted by single P. fluorescens biofilms at 4 °C was more than three times than those at 25 °C. The surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy further profiled the variability of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) composition. Additionally, RT-qPCR results revealed an upregulation of biofilm-related and genes in co-culture species. It provides valuable insights into the strategies for removing mixed biofilms under diverse stressful conditions in practical food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Pengcheng Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xin Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Lixian Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yanwei Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yunge Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Yimin Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
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5
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Shi H, Li C, Lu H, Zhu J, Tian S. Synergistic effect of electrolyzed water generated by sodium chloride combined with dimethyl dicarbonate for inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes on lettuce. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:7905-7913. [PMID: 37490703 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrolyzed water (EW) is recognized as an effective way to control and reduce pathogens in vegetables. However, the disinfection efficacy of EW alone is limited. In this work, the bactericidal activity and biofilm removal capability of EW, generated by adding NaCl to a portable EW generator, were investigated with special reference to Listeria monocytogenes. Furthermore, the impact of EW in combination with dimethyl dicarbonate (DMDC) in reducing the microbial load and improving the overall quality of lettuce during refrigerated storage was evaluated. RESULTS EW with 0.3% NaCl (SEW) had the highest bactericidal activity against L. monocytogenes. The pathogen treated with SEW exhibited lower superoxide dismutase activity and more leakage of proteins and nucleic acids than in the case of EW. Furthermore, the use of SEW resulted in changes in the cell permeability and morphology of L. monocytogenes. A decrease in adhesion and collapse of the biofilm architecture were also observed, indicating that SEW was more effective for inactivating L. monocytogenes cells compared to EW. For untreated lettuce, the populations of the total plate count and inoculated L. monocytogenes decreased by 2.47 and 2.35 log CFU g-1 , respectively, after the combined SEW/DMDC treatment for 3 min. The use of SEW alone or combined with DMDC did not negatively impact the lettuce color values, titratable acid, ascorbic acid and soluble solids compared to the control group. CONCLUSION SEW in combination with DMDC can be used as a novel and potentially effective disinfection strategy for ensuring the safety of vegetable consumption. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghui Shi
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunliu Li
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haixia Lu
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junli Zhu
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiyi Tian
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
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Kim U, Lee SY, Oh SW. A review of mechanism analysis methods in multi-species biofilm of foodborne pathogens. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:1665-1677. [PMID: 37780597 PMCID: PMC10533759 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01317-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are an aggregation of microorganisms that have high resistance to antimicrobial agents. In the food industry, it has been widely studied that foodborne pathogens on both food surfaces and food-contact surfaces can form biofilms thereby threatening the safety of the food. In the natural environment, multi-species biofilms formed by more than two different microorganisms are abundant. In addition, the resistance of multi-species biofilms to antimicrobial agents is higher than that of mono-species biofilms. Therefore, studies to elucidate the mechanisms of multi-species biofilms formed by foodborne pathogens are still required in the food industry. In this review paper, we summarized the novel analytical methods studied to evaluate the mechanisms of multi-species biofilms formed by foodborne pathogens by dividing them into four categories: spatial distribution, bacterial interaction, extracellular polymeric substance production and quorum sensing analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unji Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02727 Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02727 Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Wook Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02727 Republic of Korea
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Xie Y, Zhang C, Mei J, Xie J. Antimicrobial Effect of Ocimum gratissimum L. Essential Oil on Shewanella putrefaciens: Insights Based on the Cell Membrane and External Structure. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11066. [PMID: 37446243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to assess the in vitro antibacterial effectiveness of Ocimum gratissimum L. essential oil (OGEO) against Shewanella putrefaciens. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of OGEO acting on S. putrefaciens were both 0.1% and OGEO could inhibit the growth of S. putrefaciens in a dose-dependent manner. The restraint of the biofilm growth of S. putrefaciens was found in the crystal violet attachment assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The disruption of cell membranes and exudation of contents in S. putrefaciens with OGEO treatment were observed by scanning electron microscopy, hemolysis and ATPase activity. The results demonstrated that OGEO had a positive inhibitory effect on the growth of S. putrefaciens, which primarily developed its antibacterial function against S. putrefaciens by disrupting the formation of biofilms and cell membranes. This study could provide a new method of inhibiting the spoilage of food in which the dominant spoilage bacteria are S. putrefaciens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xie
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jun Mei
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products High Quality Utilization, Storage and Transportation (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201306, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products High Quality Utilization, Storage and Transportation (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201306, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
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8
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Extracellular matrix affects mature biofilm and stress resistance of psychrotrophic spoilage Pseudomonas at cold temperature. Food Microbiol 2023; 112:104214. [PMID: 36906314 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Psychrotrophic Pseudomonas as the dominant spoilage bacteria, have biofilm forming ability, increasing persistence and contamination in the chilled food. Biofilm formation of spoilage Pseudomonas at cold temperature was documented, however, role of extracellular matrix in mature biofilm and stress resistance of psychrotrophic Pseudomonas are much less abundant. The aim of this study was to investigate the biofilm forming characteristics of three spoilers P. fluorescens PF07, P. lundensis PL28, and P. psychrophile PP26 at 25 °C, 15 °C and 4 °C, and to explore their stress resistance to chemical and thermal treatments of mature biofilms. The results showed that biofilm biomass of three Pseudomonas at 4 °C was significantly higher than that at 15 °C and 25 °C. The secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) greatly increased in those Pseudomonas under low temperature, of which extracellular protein constituted about 71.03%-77.44%. Compared to 25 °C, the mature biofilms were observed to more aggregation and thicker spatial structure at 4 °C ranging from 42.7 to 54.6 μm, in contrast to 25.0-29.8 μm at 25 °C, especially strain PF07. These Pseudomonas biofilms switched into moderate hydrophobicity, and their swarming and swimming were significantly inhibited at low temperature. Furthermore, the resistance to NaClO and heating at 65 °C apparently enhanced for mature biofilm formed at 4 °C, indicating the difference in EPS matrix production influenced the stress resistance of biofilm. In addition, three strains contained alg and psl operons for exopolysaccharide biosynthesis, and biofilm related genes of algK, pslA, rpoS, and luxR were significantly up-regulated, while flgA gene was down-regulated at 4 °C compared to 25 °C, consistent with the above phenotype changes. Thus, the dramatic increase of mature biofilm and their stress resistance in psychrotrophic Pseudomonas were associated with large secretion and protection of extracellular matrix under low temperature, which provide a theoretical basis for subsequent biofilm control during cold chain.
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Maggio F, Serio A, Rossi C, Purgatorio C, Buccioni F, Chaves- López C, Paparella A. Effectiveness of essential oils against dual-species biofilm of <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> and <em>Pseudomonas fluorescens</em> in a Ricotta-based model system. Ital J Food Saf 2023; 12:11048. [PMID: 37064519 PMCID: PMC10102963 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2023.11048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms represent an evolutionary form of life, which translates from life in free-living cells to a community lifestyle. In natural habitats, biofilms are a multispecies complex, where synergies or antagonisms can be established. For example, Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas fluorescens are associated with a dual-species biofilm that is widespread in dairy plants. In food plants, multiple strategies are devised to control biofilms, including natural compounds such as essential oils (EOs). In this respect, this study evaluated the effectiveness of Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav. EO and Cinnamomum zeylanicum (CEO) against a dual-species biofilm of L. monocytogenes and P. fluorescens, mimicking dairy process conditions. Based on Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations results, the EOs concentration (10 µL/mL) was chosen for the antibiofilm assay at 12°C on polystyrene (PS), and stainless steel surfaces for 168 h, using a Ricotta-based model system as culture medium. Biofilm biomass was assessed by crystal violet staining, and the planktonic and sessile cells were quantified in terms of Log CFU/cm2. Results showed that CEO displayed the greatest antibiofilm activity, reducing significantly (P<0.05) P. fluorescens and L. monocytogenes sessile cells of about 2.5 and 2.8 Log CFU/cm2 after 72 h, respectively. However, L. monocytogenes gained the protection of P. fluorescens, evading CEO treatment and showing a minimal sessile cell reduction of 0.7 Log CFU/cm2 after 72 h. Considering the outcome of this study, CEO might have promising perspectives for applications in dairy facilities.
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Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Chen X, Li W, Wang L, Li W, Du J, Zhang S. Effects of cinnamon essential oil on the physiological metabolism of Salmonella enteritidis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1035894. [PMID: 36560942 PMCID: PMC9763561 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1035894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Food safety and health are the themes of today's society. As a class of foodborne pathogens, Salmonella enteritidis has become one of the common zoonotic pathogens. Because chemical preservatives have certain harmfulness and have been questioned, it is particularly important to find green and safe natural preservatives. The advantages of plant essential oils (EOs) are that they are green and safe, have a wide range of antibacterials, and are not easy to form drug resistance. In recent years, studies have found that EOs have excellent antibacterial activity, but their antibacterial mechanism has not been conclusive, which has certain limitations in their application in the food field. Cinnamon essential oil (CEO) extracted from dried cinnamon is a secondary metabolite of cells and a very important natural food flavor. More importantly, it is non-toxic to the human body and has been proven to have a good antibacterial effect, but its antibacterial mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, it was of great practical significance to carry out the research on the antibacterial mechanism of CEO on S. enteritidis. In this work, S. enteritidis was used as the test bacteria, and CEO was selected as the antibacterial agent to study the antibacterial mechanisms. By studying the physiological metabolism of S. enteritidis cells by CEO, the influence of CEO on the bacteriostatic mechanism of S. enteritidis was systematically elucidated. The study found that CEO treatment would reduce the activity of bacterial metabolism. It is mainly reflected in the following three aspects: first, the activity of key enzymes in TCA circulation is inhibited, thus affecting the respiration of S. enteritidis. Second, it affects the level of energy metabolism by inhibiting the content of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the activity of ATPase. Finally, it can affect the physiological metabolism of bacteria by inhibiting the metabolism of proteins and other substances. Therefore, this article was expected to provide a theoretical basis for the development of new natural food preservatives and the prevention and control of S. enteritidis.
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11
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Phenyllactic acid application to control Listeria monocytogenes biofilms and its growth in milk and spiced beef. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 381:109910. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Zhang L, Hong X, Yan S, Zha J. Environmentally relevant concentrations of fenvalerate induces immunotoxicity and reduces pathogen resistance in Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156347. [PMID: 35671856 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fenvalerate is a broadly used type II pyrethroid with a potential toxic effect in fish. However, information on the immunotoxicity of fenvalerate in fish is scarce. Here, to discover the immunotoxicity of fenvalerate and its underlying mechanism in fish, adult Chinese rare minnow was exposed to fenvalerate at 0, 0.3, 1, and 3 μg/L for 28 days and then subjected to Pseudomonas fluorescens (P. fluorescens) challenge. Fenvalerate induced significant pathological changes, with disintegration of cell boundaries in the intestine, epithelial hyperplasia in gills, and vacuolation of hepatocytes at 3 μg/L treatment. Additionally, the pathological characteristics were more serious during P. fluorescens infection after fenvalerate exposure. A significant increase in neutrophil counts was observed after 3 μg/L fenvalerate exposure for 28 days (p < 0.05), whereas significantly increased monocyte and neutrophil counts and greatly decreased lymphocyte counts were detected at 24 h post-injection (hpi) with P. fluorescens (p < 0.05). Furthermore, obvious decreases in LYS, IgM, ALP, and C3 levels were detected in plasma after 3 μg/L fenvalerate exposure for 28 days, which was consistent with the results at 24 and 48 hpi. Notably, fish exposed to fenvalerate suppressed the transcription of TLR-NF-κB signaling pathway-relevant genes in response to P. fluorescens, accompanied by high mortalities and bacterial loads. Therefore, our results demonstrate that fenvalerate at environmentally relevant concentrations caused immunotoxicity in fish. This study highlights the importance of considering the combined effects of chemicals and pathogens to refine our ability to predict the effects of environmental contaminants on aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangsheng Hong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Saihong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jinmiao Zha
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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13
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Liu X, Rong N, Sun W, Jian S, Chao J, Chen C, Chen R, Ding R, Chen C, Liu Y, Zhang X. The identification of polyvalent protective immunogens and immune abilities from the outer membrane proteins of Aeromonas hydrophila in fish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 128:101-112. [PMID: 35926820 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Among aquaculture vaccines, polyvalent vaccines (for immunoprotection against multiple bacterial species) are more efficient and can better avoid bacterial resistance and antibiotic residues in fish. Here, 15 outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of Aeromonas hydrophila were cloned and purified, and mouse antisera were prepared. Passive immunization to Carassius auratus showed that four OMPs sera (OmpW, OmpAII, P5, and AHA2685) and the entire OMPs serum held effective immunoprotection against A. hydrophila infection. Furthermore, the active immunization of four OMPs to C. auratus showed that OmpW, OmpAII, P5, and AHA2685 held effective immunoprotection against A. hydrophila, and OmpW held active cross-protection against Vibrio alginolyticus. The mechanisms of these four candidate vaccines in triggering immune responses were subsequently explored. They all could activate innate immune responses in active immunization, down-regulate (p < 0.05) the inflammation-related genes expression to reduce the inflammatory reaction induced by A. hydrophila, and down-regulate (p < 0.05) antioxidant-related factors to reduce the antioxidant reaction for bacterial infection. Noteablely, the four OMPs had protective abilities on kidney and spleen tissues of C. auratus after challenged with A. hydrophila and V. alginolyticus by histopathological observation. Collectively, our results identify OmpW as a polyvalent vaccine candidate, and OmpAII, P5, and AHA2685 as vaccine candidates against A. hydrophila infection in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236041, China.
| | - Na Rong
- Chinese-German Joint Institute for Natural Product Research, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723000, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Chinese-German Joint Institute for Natural Product Research, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723000, China
| | - Sijie Jian
- Chinese-German Joint Institute for Natural Product Research, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723000, China
| | - Jia Chao
- Chinese-German Joint Institute for Natural Product Research, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723000, China
| | - Chunlin Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236041, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Chinese-German Joint Institute for Natural Product Research, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723000, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Chinese-German Joint Institute for Natural Product Research, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723000, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Chinese-German Joint Institute for Natural Product Research, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723000, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236041, China.
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Chinese-German Joint Institute for Natural Product Research, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723000, China; Centre of Molecular & Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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14
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Zhang W, Mi X, Zhang C, Cheng Y, Wang S, Ji J, Yuan Y, Wang L, Liu W, Jiang Y. Meat-derived Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas fragi manage to co-exist in dual-species biofilms by adjusting gene-regulated competitive strength. Food Microbiol 2022; 109:104122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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15
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Kim U, Kim JH, Lee SY, Oh SW. Detection of Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas fluorescens in dual-species biofilm via real-time PCR and eradication using grapefruit seed extract. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Yao S, Hao L, Zhou R, Jin Y, Huang J, Wu C. Multispecies biofilms in fermentation: Biofilm formation, microbial interactions, and communication. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:3346-3375. [PMID: 35762651 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Food fermentation is driven by microorganisms, which usually coexist as multispecies biofilms. The activities and interactions of functional microorganisms and pathogenic bacteria in biofilms have important implications for the quality and safety of fermented foods. It was verified that the biofilm lifestyle benefited the fitness of microorganisms in harsh environments and intensified the cooperation and competition between biofilm members. This review focuses on multispecies biofilm formation, microbial interactions and communication in biofilms, and the application of multispecies biofilms in food fermentation. Microbial aggregation and adhesion are important steps in the early stage of multispecies biofilm formation. Different biofilm-forming abilities and strategies among microorganisms lead to several types of multispecies biofilm formation. The spatial distribution of multispecies biofilms reflects microbial interactions and biofilm function. Then, we discuss the intrinsic factors and external manifestations of multispecies biofilm system succession. Several typical interspecies cooperation and competition modes and mechanisms of microbial communication were reviewed in this review. The main limitations of the studies included in this review are the relatively small number of studies of biofilms formed by functional microorganisms during fermentation and the lack of direct evidence for the formation process of multispecies biofilms and microbial interactions and communication within biofilms. This review aims to provide the food industry with a sufficient understanding of multispecies biofilms in food fermentation. Practical Application: Meanwhile, it offers a reference value for better controlling and utilizing biofilms during food fermentation process, and the improvement of the yield, quality, and safety of fermented products including Chinese Baijiu, cheeese,kefir, soy sauce, kombucha, and fermented olive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangjie Yao
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liying Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rongqing Zhou
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Jin
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Huang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chongde Wu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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17
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Zhu J, Liu J, Hong X, Sun Y. Synergism With ε-Polylysine Hydrochloride and Cinnamon Essential Oil Against Dual-Species Biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas lundensis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:885502. [PMID: 35756071 PMCID: PMC9226771 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.885502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Various pathogenic and spoilage bacteria frequently coexist in meat processing environments and can form multispecies biofilms, causing significant health and economic issues. Despite the prevalence and coexistence, only less is known about possible interactions between Listeria monocytogenes (LM) and spoilers like Pseudomonas species, and their community-wide resistance against natural preservatives. This study evaluates the interactions between mono- or dual-species biofilms formed by LM and Pseudomonas lundensis (PL), as well as the sensitivity of these bacteria in dual-species biofilms to ε-polylysine hydrochloride (ε-PLH) alone or combined with cinnamon essential oil (CEO). The results showed that the biofilm cell density of P. lundensis in dual species was higher (p < 0.05) than LM, constituting about 85% of the total population. More biofilms and exopolysaccharide both in mono- or dual species of the two psychrotrophic strains were greatly produced at 15°C than at 30°C. The biomass, biovolume, and thickness of dual-species biofilms were significantly lower than single PL biofilm when tested using crystal violet staining, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, indicating the competitive interactions between them prevail. Additionally, ε-PLH significantly reduced the biofilm development as mono- and dual species in a concentration-dependent manner, especially single LM biofilm, which was consistent with the decrease in autoinducer-2 (AI-2) activity. LM as dual-species biofilms exhibited lower sensitivity to ε-PLH than its mono-biofilm probably due to protective effect conferred by PL. ε-PLH in combination with CEO, at the maximum sublethal concentrations (MSCs), showed enhanced inhibitory activity against dual-species biofilm formation, as evidenced by thin spare spatial structures and reduced AI-2 activity. In addition, the preformed dual biofilms were dramatically eradicated following treatment with ε-PLH combined with CEO at higher than minimum inhibitory concentration in comparison with either of the compounds used alone, indicating the synergistic antibiofilm of the two preservatives. This study reveals the competitive interactions between the two strains in dual-species biofilms, in which the dominant PL significantly contributed toward the tolerance of LM to ε-PLH, and the use of combined preservatives shows it is an effective strategy to control the multispecies biofilms in meat processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Zhu
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingcong Liu
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Hong
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Sun
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
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18
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Guo M, Tan S, Zhu J, Sun A, Du P, Liu X. Genes Involved in Biofilm Matrix Formation of the Food Spoiler Pseudomonas fluorescens PF07. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:881043. [PMID: 35733961 PMCID: PMC9207406 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.881043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is essential for the biofilm formation of food spoilers. Pseudomonas fluorescens PF07 is a previous isolate from spoiled marine fish; however, the genes involved in the extracellular matrix formation of PF07 biofilms remain poorly defined. In this study, PF07 formed a wrinkled macrocolony biofilm through the high production of extracellular matrix. The genes involved in biofilm matrix formation and regulation were screened and identified by RNA-seq-dependent transcriptomic analysis and gene knock-out analysis. The macrocolony biofilms of PF07 grown for 5 days (PF07_5d) were compared with those grown for 1 day (PF07_1d). A total of 1,403 genes were significantly differentially expressed during biofilm formation. These mainly include the genes related to biofilm matrix proteins, polysaccharides, rhamnolipids, secretion system, biofilm regulation, and metabolism. Among them, functional amyloid genes fapABCDE were highly upregulated in the mature biofilm, and the operon fapA-E had a –24/–12 promoter dependent on the sigma factor RpoN. Moreover, the RNA-seq analyses of the rpoN mutant, compared with PF07, revealed 159 genes were differentially expressed in the macrocolony biofilms, and fapA-E genes were positively regulated by RpoN. In addition, the deletion mutants of fapC, rpoN, and brfA (a novel gene coding for an RpoN-dependent transcriptional regulator) were defective in forming mature macrocolony biofilms, solid surface-associated (SSA) biofilms, and pellicles, and they showed significantly reduced biofilm matrices. The fap genes were significantly downregulated in ΔbrfA, as in ΔrpoN. These findings suggest that the functional amyloid Fap is the main component of PF07 biofilm matrices, and RpoN may directly regulate the transcription of fap genes, in conjunction with BrfA. These genes may serve as potential molecular targets for screening new anti-biofilm agents or for biofilm detection in food environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Tan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junli Zhu
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aihua Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoxiang Liu,
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19
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Sun J, Huang L, Sun Z, Wang D, Liu F, Du L, Wang D. Combination of ultrasound and chlorogenic acid for inactivation of planktonic and biofilm cells of Pseudomonas fluorescens. Food Res Int 2022; 155:111009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Li Q, Liu L, Guo A, Zhang X, Liu W, Ruan Y. Formation of Multispecies Biofilms and Their Resistance to Disinfectants in Food Processing Environments: A Review. J Food Prot 2021; 84:2071-2083. [PMID: 34324690 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT In food processing environments, various microorganisms can adhere and aggregate on the surface of equipment, resulting in the formation of multispecies biofilms. Complex interactions among microorganisms may affect the formation of multispecies biofilms and resistance to disinfectants, which are food safety and quality concerns. This article reviews the various interactions among microorganisms in multispecies biofilms, including competitive, cooperative, and neutral interactions. Then, the preliminary mechanisms underlying the formation of multispecies biofilms are discussed in relation to factors, such as quorum-sensing signal molecules, extracellular polymeric substances, and biofilm-regulated genes. Finally, the resistance mechanisms of common contaminating microorganisms to disinfectants in food processing environments are also summarized. This review is expected to facilitate a better understanding of interspecies interactions and provide some implications for the control of multispecies biofilms in food processing. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ailing Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China.,National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinshuai Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wukang Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Ruan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
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21
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Zhang Y, Yu H, Xie Y, Guo Y, Cheng Y, Yao W. Geraniol as a Quorum Sensing inhibitor of
Erwinia carotovora
and
Pseudomonas fluorescens
isolated from vegetable and their dual‐species biofilm production on stainless steel. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi China
- School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Hang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi China
- School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Food Safety Jiangnan University Wuxi China
- National Center for Technology Innovation on Fast Biological Detection of Grain Quality and Safety Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Yunfei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi China
- School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Food Safety Jiangnan University Wuxi China
- National Center for Technology Innovation on Fast Biological Detection of Grain Quality and Safety Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Yahui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi China
- School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Food Safety Jiangnan University Wuxi China
- National Center for Technology Innovation on Fast Biological Detection of Grain Quality and Safety Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Yuliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi China
- School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Food Safety Jiangnan University Wuxi China
- National Center for Technology Innovation on Fast Biological Detection of Grain Quality and Safety Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Weirong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi China
- School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Food Safety Jiangnan University Wuxi China
- National Center for Technology Innovation on Fast Biological Detection of Grain Quality and Safety Jiangnan University Wuxi China
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22
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Hao Y, Li J, Shi L. A Carvacrol-Rich Essential Oil Extracted From Oregano ( Origanum vulgare "Hot & Spicy") Exerts Potent Antibacterial Effects Against Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:741861. [PMID: 34803958 PMCID: PMC8602913 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.741861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Oregano essential oil (OEO), as a natural antimicrobial, has gained increased interest from food researchers and manufacturers. However, a few studies have investigated its possible antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus using the proteomic tool. The present study aimed to explore the antibacterial effect and mechanism of a carvacrol-rich OEO extracted from Origanum vulgare “Hot & Spicy” on the inactivation of S. aureus. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the OEO allowed the detection of 27 compounds; the major constituent was carvacrol (84.38% of total compounds). The average diameter of the inhibitory zone (DIZ) value was 29.10 mm, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of OEO against S. aureus were 0.125 and 0.25 mg/mL, respectively. The growth curve assay indicated that the OEO prolonged the lag phase of S. aureus. The decrease in cell viability, changes in the integrity of cell membrane, and abnormal cell morphology further reflected the cell damage of S. aureus caused by the OEO. In addition, a label-free proteomic analysis was applied to analyze the regulatory networks of S. aureus in response to 1/2 MIC OEO-treatment stress. Of the 56 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) identified, 26 were significantly upregulated and 30 downregulated. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the DEPs were mainly involved in pathways of ribosomes; valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis; and phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, which suggested that the growth inhibition of S. aureus might be due to the disordered effect of the OEO on protein synthesis and amino acid metabolism. These findings deepened our understanding regarding S. aureus survival and metabolism responses to the OEO treatment and suggested that the carvacrol-rich OEO could be used in food production environments to effectively control S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanpeng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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23
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Chakraborty S, Dutta H. Use of nature‐derived antimicrobial substances as safe disinfectants and preservatives in food processing industries: A review. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Himjyoti Dutta
- Department of Food Technology Mizoram University Aizawl India
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24
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Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Effect of ε-Polylysine against Salmonella Enteritidis, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli in Tryptic Soy Broth and Chicken Juice. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092211. [PMID: 34574320 PMCID: PMC8466587 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ε-Polylysine (ε-PL) is a safe food additive that is used in the food industry globally. This study evaluated the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of antibacterial peptides (ε-PL) against food poisoning pathogens detected in chicken (Salmonella Enteritidis, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli). The results showed that minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranged between 0.031-1.0 mg/mL, although most bacterial groups (75%) showed MICs of 1.0 mg/mL. The reduction in the cell viability of pathogens due to ε-PL depended on the time and concentration, and 1/2 × MIC of ε-PL killed 99.99% of pathogens after 10 h of incubation. To confirm biofilm inhibition and degradation effects, crystal violet assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were used. The biofilm formation rates of four bacterial groups (Salmonella, Listeria, E. coli, and multi-species bacteria) were 10.36%, 9.10%, 17.44%, and 21.37% at 1/2 × MIC of ε-PL, respectively. Additionally, when observed under a CLSM, ε-PL was found to induce biofilm destruction and bacterial cytotoxicity. These results demonstrated that ε-PL has the potential to be used as an antibiotic and antibiofilm material for chicken meat processing.
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25
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Transcriptomic analysis of the food spoilers Pseudomonas fluorescens reveals the antibiofilm of carvacrol by interference with intracellular signaling processes. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Xu J, Li Q, Zhang J, Li X, Sun T. In Silico Structural and Functional Analysis of Cold Shock Proteins in Pseudomonas fluorescens PF08 from Marine Fish. J Food Prot 2021; 84:1446-1454. [PMID: 33852731 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pseudomonas fluorescens is a specific spoilage microorganism of refrigerated marine fish, and is highly adapted to low temperature. Cold shock proteins (CSPs) play an important role in cold adaptation of bacteria. In this study, CSP genes were identified from the genome of P. fluorescens PF08 by search of the conserved domain of CSPs with HMMER software, and the CSP physicochemical properties, structures, and functions were analyzed through bioinformatics. Five typical CSPs were identified in the P. fluorescens PF08 genome (PfCSPs). All five PfCSPs are small hydrophilic acidic proteins with a molecular mass of ca. 7.4 kDa. They are located in the cytoplasm and are nonsecretory and nontransmembrane proteins. Multiple sequence alignment analysis indicated that the CSPs are highly conserved between species, especially in DNA-binding sites and RNA-binding motifs that can bind to single-stranded DNA and RNA. The five PfCSPs clustered with CspD from Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium, which suggests a close homology and high functional similarity among the five PfCSPs and CspD. The secondary and tertiary structures of the PfCSPs are in accordance with the characteristics of the CSP family, and ligand binding sites with higher likelihood were found in PfCSPs. The five PfCSPs were predicted to interact with some of the same proteins that are involved in virulence, stress responses (including to low temperature), cell growth, ribosome assembly, and RNA degradation. The results provide further elucidation of the function of CSPs in adaptation to low temperatures by P. fluorescens. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiu Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuying Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuepeng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, People's Republic of China
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Kim U, Kim JH, Oh SW. Review of multi-species biofilm formation from foodborne pathogens: multi-species biofilms and removal methodology. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5783-5793. [PMID: 33663287 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1892585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Multi-species biofilms are ubiquitous worldwide and are a concern in the food industry. Multi-species biofilms have a higher resistance to antimicrobial therapies than mono-species biofilms. In addition, multi-species biofilms can cause severe foodborne diseases. To remove multi-species biofilms, controlling the formation process of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and quorum sensing (QS) effects is essential. EPS disruption, inhibition of QS, and disinfection have been utilized to remove multi-species biofilms. This review presents information on the formation and novel removal methods for multi-species biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unji Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se-Wook Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea
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Maggio F, Rossi C, Chaves-López C, Serio A, Valbonetti L, Pomilio F, Chiavaroli AP, Paparella A. Interactions between L. monocytogenes and P. fluorescens in Dual-Species Biofilms under Simulated Dairy Processing Conditions. Foods 2021; 10:foods10010176. [PMID: 33467189 PMCID: PMC7829993 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In dairy processing environments, many bacterial species adhere and form biofilms on surfaces and equipment, leading to foodborne illness and food spoilage. Among them, Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas spp. could be present in mixed-species biofilms. This study aimed to evaluate the interactions between L. monocytogenes and P. fluorescens in biofilms simulating dairy processing conditions, as well as the capability of P. fluorescens in co-culture to produce the blue pigment in a Ricotta-based model system. The biofilm-forming capability of single- and mixed-cultures was evaluated on polystyrene (PS) and stainless steel (SS) surfaces at 12 °C for 168 h. The biofilm biomass was measured, the planktonic and sessile cells and the carbohydrates in biofilms were quantified. The biofilms were also observed through Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy analysis. Results showed that only P. fluorescens was able to form biofilms on PS. Moreover, in dual-species biofilms at the end of the incubation time (168 h at 12 °C), a lower biomass compared to P. fluorescens mono-species was observed on PS. On SS, the biofilm cell population of L. monocytogenes was higher in the dual-species than in mono-species, particularly after 48 h. Carbohydrates quantity in the dual-species system was higher than in mono-species and was revealed also at 168 h. The production of blue pigment by P. fluorescens was revealed both in single- and co-culture after 72 h of incubation (12 °C). This work highlights the interactions between the two species, under the experimental conditions studied in the present research, which can influence biofilm formation (biomass and sessile cells) but not the capability of P. fluorescens to produce blue pigment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Maggio
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.M.); (C.R.); (C.C.-L.); (A.S.); (L.V.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Chiara Rossi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.M.); (C.R.); (C.C.-L.); (A.S.); (L.V.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Clemencia Chaves-López
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.M.); (C.R.); (C.C.-L.); (A.S.); (L.V.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Annalisa Serio
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.M.); (C.R.); (C.C.-L.); (A.S.); (L.V.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Luca Valbonetti
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.M.); (C.R.); (C.C.-L.); (A.S.); (L.V.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Francesco Pomilio
- Food Hygiene Unit, NRL for L. monocytogenes, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Alessio Pio Chiavaroli
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.M.); (C.R.); (C.C.-L.); (A.S.); (L.V.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Antonello Paparella
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.M.); (C.R.); (C.C.-L.); (A.S.); (L.V.); (A.P.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0861-266944
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Rossi C, Chaves-López C, Serio A, Casaccia M, Maggio F, Paparella A. Effectiveness and mechanisms of essential oils for biofilm control on food-contact surfaces: An updated review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:2172-2191. [PMID: 33249878 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1851169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms represent a constant source of contamination in the food industry, being also a real threat for human health. In fact, most of biofilm-producing bacteria are becoming resistant to sanitizers, thus arousing the interest in natural alternatives to prevent biofilm formation on foods and food-contact surfaces. In particular, studies on biofilm control by essential oils (EOs) application are increasing, being EOs characterized by unique mixtures of compounds able to impair the mechanisms of biofilm development. This review reports the anti-biofilm properties of EOs in bacterial biofilm control (inhibition, removal and prevention of biofilm dispersion) on food-contact surfaces. The relationship between EOs effect and composition, concentration, involved bacteria, and surfaces is discussed, and the possible sites of action are also elucidated. The findings prove the high biofilm controlling capability of EOs through the regulation of genes and proteins implicated in motility, Quorum Sensing and exopolysaccharides (EPS) matrix. Moreover, incorporation in nanosized delivery systems, formulation of blends and combination of EOs with other strategies can increase their anti-biofilm activity. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the EOs effectiveness in controlling bacterial biofilm on food-contact surfaces, providing valuable information for improving EOs use as sanitizers in food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Rossi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, TE, Italy
| | - Clemencia Chaves-López
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, TE, Italy
| | - Annalisa Serio
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, TE, Italy
| | - Manila Casaccia
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, TE, Italy
| | - Francesca Maggio
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, TE, Italy
| | - Antonello Paparella
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, TE, Italy
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