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Tipton M, Baxter BA, Pfluger BA, Sayre-Chavez B, Muñoz-Amatriaín M, Broeckling CD, Shani I, Steiner-Asiedu M, Manary M, Ryan EP. Urine and Dried Blood Spots From Children and Pregnant Women Reveal Phytochemicals, Amino Acids, and Carnitine Metabolites as Cowpea Consumption Biomarkers. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300222. [PMID: 38233141 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Legumes consumption has been proven to promote health across the lifespan; cowpeas have demonstrated efficacy in combating childhood malnutrition and growth faltering, with an estimated malnutrition prevalence of 35.6% of children in Ghana. This cowpea feeding study aimed to identify a suite of metabolic consumption biomarkers in children and adults. METHODS AND RESULTS Urine and dried blood spots (DBS) from 24 children (9-21 months) and 21 pregnant women (>18 years) in Northern Ghana are collected before and after dose-escalated consumption of four cowpea varieties for 15 days. Untargeted metabolomics identified significant increases in amino acids, phytochemicals, and lipids. The carnitine metabolism pathway is represented by 137 urine and 43 DBS metabolites, with significant changes to tiglylcarnitine and acetylcarnitine. Additional noteworthy candidate biomarkers are mansouramycin C, N-acetylalliin, proline betaine, N2, N5-diacetylornithine, S-methylcysteine, S-methylcysteine sulfoxide, and cis-urocanate. S-methylcysteine and S-methylcysteine sulfoxide are targeted and quantified in urine. CONCLUSION This feeding study for cowpea biomarkers supports the utility of a suite of key metabolites classified as amino acids, lipids, and phytochemicals for dietary legume and cowpea-specific food exposures of global health importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Tipton
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
| | - Bridget A Baxter
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
| | - Brigitte A Pfluger
- Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA
| | - Brooke Sayre-Chavez
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80521, USA
| | - María Muñoz-Amatriaín
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80521, USA
- Departamento de Biología Molecular - Área de Genética, Universidad de León, León, 24071, Spain
| | - Corey D Broeckling
- Analytical Resources Core: Bioanalysis and Omics Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
| | - Issah Shani
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Basic and Applied Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, P.O. Box LG 134 Legon, Ghana
| | - Matilda Steiner-Asiedu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Basic and Applied Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, P.O. Box LG 134 Legon, Ghana
| | - Mark Manary
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
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Ilić M, Pastor K, Ilić A, Vasić M, Nastić N, Vujić Đ, Ačanski M. Legume Fingerprinting through Lipid Composition: Utilizing GC/MS with Multivariate Statistics. Foods 2023; 12:4420. [PMID: 38137224 PMCID: PMC10742467 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents a tentative analysis of the lipid composition of 47 legume samples, encompassing species such as Phaseolus spp., Vicia spp., Pisum spp., and Lathyrus spp. Lipid extraction and GC/MS (gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection) analysis were conducted, followed by multivariate statistical methods for data interpretation. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) revealed two major clusters, distinguishing beans and snap beans (Phaseolus spp.) from faba beans (Vicia faba), peas (Pisum sativum), and grass peas (Lathyrus sativus). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) yielded 2D and 3D score plots, effectively discriminating legume species. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) achieved a 100% accurate classification of the training set and a 90% accuracy of the test set. The lipid-based fingerprinting elucidated compounds crucial for discrimination. Both PCA and LDA biplots highlighted squalene and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) of 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (C18:3) and 5,11,14,17-eicosatetraenoic acid (C20:4) as influential in the clustering of beans and snap beans. Unique compounds, including 13-docosenoic acid (C22:1) and γ-tocopherol, O-methyl-, characterized grass pea samples. Faba bean samples were discriminated by FAMEs of heneicosanoic acid (C21:0) and oxiraneoctanoic acid, 3-octyl- (C18-ox). However, C18-ox was also found in pea samples, but in significantly lower amounts. This research demonstrates the efficacy of lipid analysis coupled with multivariate statistics for accurate differentiation and classification of legumes, according to their botanical origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Ilić
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (K.P.); (N.N.); (M.A.)
| | - Kristian Pastor
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (K.P.); (N.N.); (M.A.)
| | - Aleksandra Ilić
- Institute of Fields and Vegetable Crops, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.I.)
| | - Mirjana Vasić
- Institute of Fields and Vegetable Crops, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.I.)
| | - Nataša Nastić
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (K.P.); (N.N.); (M.A.)
| | - Đura Vujić
- Independent Researcher, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Marijana Ačanski
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (K.P.); (N.N.); (M.A.)
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