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Cai X, Zhu K, Li W, Peng Y, Yi Y, Qiao M, Fu Y. Characterization of flavor and taste profile of different radish ( Raphanus Sativus L.) varieties by headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC/IMS) and E-nose/tongue. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101419. [PMID: 38756475 PMCID: PMC11096940 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive study of the overall flavor and taste profile of different radishes is lacking. This study systematically compared the volatile profile of six radish varieties using HS-GC-IMS and their correlation with the E-nose analysis. Organic acids and amino acids were quantified, and their association with the E-tongues analysis was explored. A total of 73 volatile compounds were identified, with diallyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide being the primary sulfides responsible for the unpleasant flavor in radish. Compared to other varieties, cherry radishes boast a significantly higher concentration of allyl isothiocyanate, which likely contributes to their characteristic radish flavor. Moreover, oxalic acid was identified as the most abundant organic acid in radish, accounting for over 97% of its content, followed by malic acid and succinic acid. In conclusion, the distinct flavor and taste characteristics of different radish varieties partially explain their suitability for diverse culinary preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Cai
- Cuisine Science Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Kaixian Zhu
- Cuisine Science Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Wanli Li
- Solid-state Fermentation Resource Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Yibin University, Yibin 644007, China
| | - Yiqin Peng
- Cuisine Science Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Yuwen Yi
- Cuisine Science Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Mingfeng Qiao
- Cuisine Science Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Yu Fu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
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2
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Jia X, An Q, Zhang N, Ren J, Pan S, Zheng C, Zhou Q, Fan G. Recent advances in the contribution of glucosinolates degradation products to cruciferous foods odor: factors that influence degradation pathways and odor attributes. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-29. [PMID: 38644658 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2338834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
As one of the most important vegetables and oils consumed globally, cruciferous foods are appreciated for their high nutritional value. However, there is no comprehensive knowledge to sufficiently unravel the "flavor mystery" of cruciferous foods. The present review provides a comprehensive literature on the recent advances regarding the contribution of glucosinolates (GSL) degradation products to cruciferous foods odor, which focuses on key GSL degradation products contributing to distinct odor of cruciferous foods (Brassica oleracea, Brassica rapa, Brassica napus, Brassica juncea, Raphanus sativus), and key factors affecting GSL degradation pathways (i.e., enzyme-induced degradation, thermal-induced degradation, chemical-induced degradation, microwave-induced degradation) during different processing and cooking. A total of 93 volatile GSL degradation products (i.e., 36 nitriles, 33 isothiocyanates, 3 thiocyanates, 5 epithionitriles, and 16 sulfides) and 29 GSL (i.e., 20 aliphatic, 5 aromatic, and 4 indolic) were found in generalized cruciferous foods. Remarkably, cruciferous foods have a distinctive pungent, spicy, pickled, sulfur, and vegetable odor. In general, isothiocyanates are mostly present in enzyme-induced degradation of GSL and are therefore often enriched in fresh-cut or low-temperature, short-time cooked cruciferous foods. In contrast, nitriles are mainly derived from thermal-induced degradation of GSL, and are thus often enriched in high-temperature, long-time cooked cruciferous foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jia
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qi An
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Nawei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jingnan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Siyi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chang Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Badalamenti N, Vaglica A, Porrello A, Ilardi V, Bruno M. The chemical composition of the aerial parts' essential oil of matthiola fruticulosa (L.) maire growing in Sicily, Italy. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38498722 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2330521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Matthiola Aiton is a genus belonging to the Brassicaceae family, distributed in Macaronesia, the Mediterranean basin, and the Saharo-Sindian region. Plants of this genus are used against various diseases in the ethno-medicine of several countries and a complete review of their usage has been carried out in this paper. In the present study, the essential oil chemical composition of the aerial parts of the Sicilian accession of Matthiola fruticulosa (L.) Maire, a species growing in South-Western Europe, Northern Africa, and Western Asia, was analysed by GC and GC-MS. No previous paper has been previously published on the essential oil of this species. Main constituents of the oil were sulphur compounds (45.5%) with the two quite rare cis and trans isomers of 5-(methylthio)-4-pentenenitrile as principal metabolites (16.3% and 10.7%, respectively). Principal compound of the oil was the diterpene phytol (16.5%) whereas other terpenoids were less abundant (10.6%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Natale Badalamenti
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vaglica
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Porrello
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ilardi
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruno
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Riutilizzo bio-based degli scarti da matrici agroalimentari" (RIVIVE), Università di Palermo, Italy
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Assefa AD, Kim SH, Ko HC, Ro N, Subramanian P, Chung YJ, Lee YH, Hahn BS, Rhee JH. Leaf Mustard ( Brassica juncea) Germplasm Resources Showed Diverse Characteristics in Agro-Morphological Traits and Glucosinolate Levels. Foods 2023; 12:4374. [PMID: 38231858 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Leaf mustard, characterized by its purple/red/green leaves with a green/white midrib, is known for its thick, tender, and spicy leaves with a unique taste and flavor. There were only a few studies reported on leaf mustard for its morphological and biochemical traits from Korea. A total of 355 leaf mustard accessions stored at the GenBank of the National Agrobiodiversity Center were evaluated for 25 agro-morphological traits and seven intact glucosinolates (GSLs). The accessions showed a wide variation in terms of most of the traits. The quantitative agro-morphological traits varied from 16.0 (leaf length) to 48.7% (petiole width) of the coefficient of variation (CV). The highest variation was observed in glucoiberin (299.5%, CV), while the total GSL showed a CV of 66.1%. Sinigrin, followed by gluconapin and gluconasturtiin, was the most abundant GSL, accounting for as high as 75% of the total GSLs, while glucobrassicanapin and glucoiberin were the least abundant, contributing 0.7% and 0.1% on average, respectively. Sinigrin had a positive significant correlation with all GSLs but gluconasturtiin, while glucobarbarin and gluconasturtiin were highly positively correlated to each other, but least correlated with other GSLs. The leaf length was negatively correlated with sinigrin and glucoiberin. The width of the petiole showed a positive correlation with gluconapin, glucobrassicanapin, and glucobrassicin, while the length of the petiole had a negative correlation with sinigrin, glucobrassicanapin, glucoiberin, glucobrassicin, and the total GSLs. A higher width of the midrib was associated with higher contents of gluconapin, glucobrassicanapin, and glucobrassicin. A PCA analysis based on the agro-morphological traits showed that the first and second principal components accounted for 65.2% of the overall variability. Accessions that form a head tend to exhibit a longer leaf length, a larger plant weight, a thicker midrib, and higher widths of the midrib, petiole, and leaf. The GSLs showed inconsistent inter-and intra-leaf variation. Accessions that identified for various traits in their performance, such as, for example, Yeosu66 and IT259487 (highest total glucosinolates) and IT228984 (highest plant weight), would be promising lines for developing new varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awraris Derbie Assefa
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan P.O. Box 445, Ethiopia
| | - Seong-Hoon Kim
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Chul Ko
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoung Ro
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Parthiban Subramanian
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jo Chung
- National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca2+ Signaling Network, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hyuk Lee
- Agricultural Technology Center of Yeosu, Yeosu 59633, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum-Soo Hahn
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Rhee
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
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5
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Zhong Y, Jia Z, Zhou H, Zhang D, Li G, Yu J. Comparative Analysis of Volatile Compounds from Four Radish Microgreen Cultivars Based on Ultrasonic Cell Disruption and HS-SPME/GC-MS. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14988. [PMID: 37834435 PMCID: PMC10573294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The ultrasonic cell disruption method was used to efficiently extract isothiocyanates and other volatile compounds from radish microgreens. A total of 51 volatiles were identified and quantified by headspace solid-phase micro-extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) in four radish microgreen cultivars, mainly including alcohols, aldehydes, isothiocyanates, sulfides, ketones, esters, terpenes, and hydrocarbons. The correlation between cultivars and volatile compounds was determined by chemometrics analysis, including principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering heat maps. The aroma profiles were distinguished based on the odor activity value (OAV), odor contribution rate (OCR), and radar fingerprint chart (RFC) of volatile compounds. This study not only revealed the different flavor characteristics in four cultivars but also established a theoretical basis for the genetic improvement of radish microgreen flavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (D.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Zhilong Jia
- College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.J.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hailong Zhou
- College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.J.); (H.Z.)
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (D.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Guichen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (D.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Jihua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (D.Z.); (G.L.)
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Khan F, Joshi A, Devkota HP, Subramaniyan V, Kumarasamy V, Arora J. Dietary glucosinolates derived isothiocyanates: chemical properties, metabolism and their potential in prevention of Alzheimer's disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1214881. [PMID: 37554984 PMCID: PMC10404612 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1214881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia affecting millions of people worldwide. It is a progressive, irreversible, and incurable neurodegenerative disorder that disrupts the synaptic communication between millions of neurons, resulting in neuronal death and functional loss due to the abnormal accumulation of two naturally occurring proteins, amyloid β (Aβ) and tau. According to the 2018 World Alzheimer's Report, there is no single case of an Alzheimer's survivor; even 1 in 3 people die from Alzheimer's disease, and it is a growing epidemic across the globe fruits and vegetables rich in glucosinolates (GLCs), the precursors of isothiocyanates (ITCs), have long been known for their pharmacological properties and recently attracted increased interest for the possible prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Epidemiological evidence from systematic research findings and clinical trials suggests that nutritional and functional dietary isothiocyanates interfere with the molecular cascades of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and prevent neurons from functional loss. The aim of this review is to explore the role of glucosinolates derived isothiocyanates in various molecular mechanisms involved in the progression of Alzheimer's disease and their potential in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. It also covers the chemical diversity of isothiocyanates and their detailed mechanisms of action as reported by various in vitro and in vivo studies. Further clinical studies are necessary to evaluate their pharmacokinetic parameters and effectiveness in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Khan
- Laboratory of Bio-Molecular Technology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Abhishek Joshi
- Laboratory of Bio-Molecular Technology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vinoth Kumarasamy
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jaya Arora
- Laboratory of Bio-Molecular Technology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Jia X, Yu P, An Q, Ren J, Fan G, Wei Z, Li X, Pan S. Identification of glucosinolates and volatile odor compounds in microwaved radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seeds and the corresponding oils by UPLC-IMS-QTOF-MS and GC × GC-qMS analysis. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112873. [PMID: 37254321 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The effect of microwave treatment on the content of glucosinolates (GSL) in radish seeds and volatile odor compounds in the microwaved radish seed oils (MRSO) is still unclear. In this study, a total of 13 GSL were identified and quantified in five radish seed varieties by UPLC-IMS-QTOF-MS, among which glucoraphenin, glucoraphasatin, glucoerucin accounting for up to 90 %. Total GSL decreased by 47.39-67.88% after microwave processing. Moreover, 58 odor compounds were identified in MRSO, including 6 sulfides, 12 nitriles, 2 isothiocyanates, 10 alcohols, 12 aldehydes, 5 ketones, 6 acids, and 5 others. The major odor compounds were (methyldisulfanyl)methane, dimethyltrisulfane, (methylsulfinyl)methane, 3-(methylsulfanyl)-1-propanol, methyl thiocyanate, hexanenitrile, 5-(methylsulfanyl)pentanenitrile, and 4-isothiocyanato-1-butene with odor activity value (OAV) higher than 1. The principal components analysis (PCA) results can distinguish MRSO from five different radish seed varieties, three of which (H20-18, H20-19 and H20-28) were in one group and other two (H20-23 and H20-26) were in another group. In addition, aliphatic GSL showed positive correlations with sulfides, isothiocyanates, and nitriles, while negative correlations with alcohols. This work provides a new insight into the odor contribution of GSL degradation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Pei Yu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qi An
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jingnan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Zelan Wei
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xixiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Siyi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Hong SJ, Jo SM, Yoon S, Jeong H, Lee Y, Park SS, Shin EC. Analysis of volatile and non-volatile compound profiles of wintering radish produced in Jeju-island by different oven roasting temperatures and times using electronic nose and electronic tongue techniques via multivariate analysis. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:937-947. [PMID: 37123071 PMCID: PMC10130256 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01230-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study is to investigate the non-volatile and volatile profiles in radish according to the different oven roasting processing. In non-volatile compound profiles, different roasting temperatures (140-200 °C) and times (5, 10, 15, and 20 min) influenced non-volatile compounds in radishes, and high temperature roasted radish represented obvious changes than low temperature roasted radish. In volatile profiles, high temperature roasted radish were generated a higher number of Maillard reactions-related volatiles, including furfurals and 2-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine, than low temperature roasted radish. In chemometrics results, a radish roasted at 200 °C for 20 min was the highest dissimilarity compared with the other roasted radishes. This study is believed to be the first research demonstrating comprehensive identification of changes in non-volatile/volatiles profiles in radish by various processes (different times and temperatures) of oven roasting for food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Jun Hong
- Department of Green Bio Science/Food Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52725 Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Min Jo
- Department of Green Bio Science/Food Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52725 Republic of Korea
| | - Sojeong Yoon
- Department of Green Bio Science/Food Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52725 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyangyeon Jeong
- Department of Green Bio Science/Food Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52725 Republic of Korea
| | - Youngseung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Department of Green Bio Science/Food Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52725 Republic of Korea
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Abd Karim NA, Adam AHB, Jaafaru MS, Rukayadi Y, Abdull Razis AF. Apoptotic Potential of Glucomoringin Isothiocyanate (GMG-ITC) Isolated from Moringa oleifera Lam Seeds on Human Prostate Cancer Cells (PC-3). Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073214. [PMID: 37049977 PMCID: PMC10096378 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of several protein pathways involved in cancer cell regulation is a necessary key in the discovery of cancer chemotherapy. Moringa oleifera Lam is often used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various illnesses. The plant contains glucomoringin isothiocyanate (GMG-ITC) with therapeutic potential against various cancer cells. Therefore, GMG-ITC was evaluated for its cytotoxicity against the PC-3 prostate cancer cell line and its potential to induce apoptosis. GMG-ITC inhibited cell proliferation in the PC-3 cell line with IC50 value 3.5 µg/mL. Morphological changes as a result of GMG-ITC-induced apoptosis showed chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation, and membrane blebbing. Additionally, Annexin V assay showed proportion of cells in early and late apoptosis upon exposure to GMG-ITC in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, GMG-ITC induced a time-dependent G2/M phase arrest, with reduction of 39.1% in the PC-3 cell line. GMG-ITC also activates apoptotic genes including caspase, tumor suppressor gene (p53), Akt/MAPK, and Bax of the proapoptotic Bcl family. Early apoptosis proteins (JNK, Bad, Bcl2, and p53) were significantly upregulated upon GMG-ITC treatment. It is concluded that apoptosis induction was observed in PC-3 cells treated with GMG-ITC. These phenomena suggest that GMG-ITC from M. oleifera seeds could be useful as a future cytotoxic agent against prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Ashikin Abd Karim
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Aziza Hussein Bakheit Adam
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, Faculty of Public and Environmental Health, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
| | - Mohammed Sani Jaafaru
- Medical Analysis Department, Faculty of Science, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Iraq
| | - Yaya Rukayadi
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
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10
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Zheng Z, Zhou Q, Chen Q, Gao J, Wu Y, Yang F, Zhong K, Gao H. Improvement of physicochemical characteristics, flavor profiles and functional properties in Chinese radishes via spontaneous fermentation after drying. J Food Sci 2023; 88:1292-1307. [PMID: 36815393 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneously dried-fermented radishes have been consumed in China for hundreds of years and are usually fermented for a long time to acquire high quality. In this study, the spontaneously dried-fermented radishes with short-term manufacturing periods were made from five different varieties of radishes that grew in the same environment. In addition, the physicochemical characteristics (i.e., moisture content, soluble solid, and pH value), flavor profiles (i.e., free amino acids, organic acids, and volatile compounds), and functional properties (i.e., total phenolics content, total flavonoids content, sulforaphane content, and γ-aminobutyric acid [GABA] content) of these five raw radishes and spontaneously dried-fermented radishes were analyzed and compared. In detail, the content of volatile and nonvolatile compounds increased, especially in oxalic acid, succinic acid, and umami free amino acids. Furthermore, functional components, such as sulforaphane and GABA, were also enriched via spontaneous fermentation after drying. In addition, the results of principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis, and redundancy analysis showed that there were significant discrepancies appeared when raw radishes were processed via spontaneous fermentation or not. These results suggested that the process of spontaneous fermentation after drying may contribute to improving the quality of fresh radishes. Notably, radishes with red skin and flesh were regarded as exceptional varieties for processing, because of the preferable flavor profiles and affluent functional substances via spontaneous fermentation after drying. Therefore, these findings could deliver a systematical insight into developing processed radishes with high quality. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The spontaneously dried-fermented radishes were manufactured through the process of spontaneous fermentation after drying, which acquired tasty and healthy characteristics by accumulating the volatile and nonvolatile compounds as well as the functional components, like total phenolics, total flavonoids, sulforaphane, and γ-aminobutyric acid. Importantly, because of the excellent processing properties, the radishes with red skin and flesh could be more appropriate to produce spontaneously dried-fermented radishes. Our findings may provide a practical strategy for developing vegetable relishes with superb flavor profiles and good functional properties in pickled vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimeng Zheng
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Chen
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Gao
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanping Wu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Rice and Sorghum Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang, Sichuan, China.,Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Variety Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kai Zhong
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Gao
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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11
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Hong SJ, Yoon S, Lee J, Jo SM, Jeong H, seung Lee Y, Park S, Shin E. A comprehensive study for taste and odor characteristics using electronic sensors in broccoli floret with different methods of thermal processing. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Jun Hong
- Department of Food Science Gyeongsang National University Republic of Korea
| | - Sojeong Yoon
- Department of Food Science Gyeongsang National University Republic of Korea
| | - Jookyeong Lee
- CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Faculty of Health, Deakin University VIC Australia
| | - Seong Min Jo
- Department of Food Science Gyeongsang National University Republic of Korea
| | - Hyangyeon Jeong
- Department of Food Science Gyeongsang National University Republic of Korea
| | - Young seung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition Dankook University Republic of Korea
| | - Sung‐Soo Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition Jeju National University Republic of Korea
| | - Eui‐Cheol Shin
- Department of Food Science Gyeongsang National University Republic of Korea
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12
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Retention of freshness and isothiocyanates in fresh-cut radish ( Raphanus sativus var. Longipinnatus) through glucose dip treatment. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:409-415. [PMID: 35068585 PMCID: PMC8758834 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05276-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Experiments were carried out with the objective of enhancing shelf life and maintain quality of fresh-cut radish slices during storage at 8 °C. Dip treatment of radish slices in 20 g/L glucose solution for five minutes retained the quality attributes viz., surface colour, sensory properties and antioxidant capacity of the slices till six days of storage. Isothiocyanates were also retained better due to glucose dip. Biplot generated through principal component analysis of head space volatiles from fresh and stored radish slices showed that fresh and glucose treated slices grouped together with 4-methyl thio-3-butenyl isothiocyanate. Accumulation of sulphurous volatiles such as methyl disulphide, dimethyl trisulphide, 2-pentanethiol was observed in control (undipped) radish slices, indicating their probable role as spoilage indicator volatiles. Thus, glucose pre-treatment can be considered as a practical method for quality retention of fresh-cut radish. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-021-05276-1.
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13
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Current Methods for the Extraction and Analysis of Isothiocyanates and Indoles in Cruciferous Vegetables. ANALYTICA 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/analytica2040011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cruciferous vegetables are characterized by the presence of sulfur-containing secondary plant metabolites known as glucosinolates (GLS). The consumption of cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage, rocket salad, and cauliflower has been related to the prevention of non-communicable diseases. Their beneficial effects are attributed to the enzymatic degradation products of GLS, e.g., isothiocyanates and indoles. Owing to these properties, there has been a shift in the last few years towards the research of these compounds and a wide range of methods for their extraction and analytical determination have been developed. The aim of this review is to present the sample preparation and extraction procedures of isothiocyanates and indoles from cruciferous vegetables and the analytical methods for their determination. The majority of the references that have been reviewed are from the last decade. Although efforts towards the application of eco-friendly non-conventional extraction methods have been made, the use of conventional solvent extraction is mainly applied. The major analytical techniques employed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of isothiocyanates and indoles are high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with or without mass spectrometry detection. Nevertheless, the analytical determination of isothiocyanates presents several problems due to their instability and the absence of chromophores, making the simultaneous determination of isothiocyanates and indoles a challenging task.
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14
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Chemosensory approach supported-analysis of wintering radishes produced in Jeju island by different processing methods. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 30:1033-1049. [PMID: 34471558 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-021-00948-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate sensory characteristics in radishes, processed through different methods, using chemosensory-assisted instruments. For electronic tongue (E-tongue) analysis, freeze-dried radish was high in the sensor values of sourness, umami, and sweetness, however, the saltiness was the lowest. In particular, the sensor values of taste freeze-dried radish have changed more than that of thermally processed radishes. Unlike the results of E-tongue, volatiles of freeze-dried radish have changed less than that of thermally processed radishes. In detail, amounts of sulfur-containing compound (thiophene) in freeze-dried radish were relatively higher than thermally processed radishes by an electronic nose. For gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and GC-olfactometry, the amount of sulfur-containing compounds in freeze-dried radish were also relatively higher than thermally processed radishes, and odor active compounds were also high in freeze-dried radish.
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15
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Gamba M, Asllanaj E, Raguindin PF, Glisic M, Franco OH, Minder B, Bussler W, Metzger B, Kern H, Muka T. Nutritional and phytochemical characterization of radish (Raphanus sativus): A systematic review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Chorol S, Angchok D, Stobdan T. Irrigation timing as a glucosinolate alteration factor in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) (Gya Labuk and Tsentay Labuk) in the Indian Trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Wieczorek MN, Majcher MA, Jeleń HH. Identification of aroma compounds in raw and cooked broccoli. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martyna N. Wieczorek
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition Poznań University of Life Sciences Poznań Poland
| | - Małgorzata A. Majcher
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition Poznań University of Life Sciences Poznań Poland
| | - Henryk H. Jeleń
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition Poznań University of Life Sciences Poznań Poland
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18
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Souza M, José Comin J, Moresco R, Maraschin M, Kurtz C, Emílio Lovato P, Rogério Lourenzi C, Kokowicz Pilatti F, Loss A, Kuhnen S. Exploratory and discriminant analysis of plant phenolic profiles obtained by UV-vis scanning spectroscopy. J Integr Bioinform 2021; 18:jib-2019-0056. [PMID: 34085494 PMCID: PMC8573236 DOI: 10.1515/jib-2019-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Some species of cover crops produce phenolic compounds with allelopathic potential. The use of math, statistical and computational tools to analyze data obtained with spectrophotometry can assist in the chemical profile discrimination to choose which species and cultivation are the best for weed management purposes. The aim of this study was to perform exploratory and discriminant analysis using R package specmine on the phenolic profile of Secale cereale L., Avena strigosa L. and Raphanus sativus L. shoots obtained by UV-vis scanning spectrophotometry. Plants were collected at 60, 80 and 100 days after sowing and at 15 and 30 days after rolling in experiment in Brazil. Exploratory and discriminant analysis, namely principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis, t-test, fold-change, analysis of variance and supervised machine learning analysis were performed. Results showed a stronger tendency to cluster phenolic profiles according to plant species rather than crop management system, period of sampling or plant phenologic stage. PCA analysis showed a strong distinction of S. cereale L. and A. strigosa L. 30 days after rolling. Due to the fast analysis and friendly use, the R package specmine can be recommended as a supporting tool to exploratory and discriminatory analysis of multivariate data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Souza
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | | | - Rodolfo Moresco
- Escola do Mar, Ciência e Tecnologia da Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Arcângelo Loss
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Shirley Kuhnen
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
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19
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Cimino C, Maurel OM, Musumeci T, Bonaccorso A, Drago F, Souto EMB, Pignatello R, Carbone C. Essential Oils: Pharmaceutical Applications and Encapsulation Strategies into Lipid-Based Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030327. [PMID: 33802570 PMCID: PMC8001530 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils are being studied for more than 60 years, but a growing interest has emerged in the recent decades due to a desire for a rediscovery of natural remedies. Essential oils are known for millennia and, already in prehistoric times, they were used for medicinal and ritual purposes due to their therapeutic properties. Using a variety of methods refined over the centuries, essential oils are extracted from plant raw materials: the choice of the extraction method is decisive, since it determines the type, quantity, and stereochemical structure of the essential oil molecules. To these components belong all properties that make essential oils so interesting for pharmaceutical uses; the most investigated ones are antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, wound-healing, and anxiolytic activities. However, the main limitations to their use are their hydrophobicity, instability, high volatility, and risk of toxicity. A successful strategy to overcome these limitations is the encapsulation within delivery systems, which enable the increase of essential oils bioavailability and improve their chemical stability, while reducing their volatility and toxicity. Among all the suitable platforms, our review focused on the lipid-based ones, in particular micro- and nanoemulsions, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Cimino
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (C.C.); (T.M.); (A.B.); (R.P.)
| | - Oriana Maria Maurel
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (O.M.M.); (F.D.)
| | - Teresa Musumeci
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (C.C.); (T.M.); (A.B.); (R.P.)
| | - Angela Bonaccorso
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (C.C.); (T.M.); (A.B.); (R.P.)
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (O.M.M.); (F.D.)
| | - Eliana Maria Barbosa Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Rosario Pignatello
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (C.C.); (T.M.); (A.B.); (R.P.)
| | - Claudia Carbone
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (C.C.); (T.M.); (A.B.); (R.P.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Glucosinolates: Natural Occurrence, Biosynthesis, Accessibility, Isolation, Structures, and Biological Activities. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194537. [PMID: 33022970 PMCID: PMC7582585 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs) are secondary plant metabolites abundantly found in plant order Brassicales. GSLs are constituted by an S-β-d-glucopyrano unit anomerically connected to O-sulfated (Z)-thiohydroximate moiety. The side-chain of the O-sulfate thiohydroximate moiety, which is derived from a different amino acid, contributes to the diversity of natural GSL, with more than 130 structures identified and validated to this day. Both the structural diversity of GSL and their biological implication in plants have been biochemically studied. Although chemical syntheses of GSL have been devised to give access to these secondary metabolites, direct extraction from biomass remains the conventional method to isolate natural GSL. While intact GSLs are biologically inactive, various products, including isothiocyanates, nitriles, epithionitriles, and cyanides obtained through their hydrolysis of GSLs, exhibit many different biological activities, among which several therapeutic benefits have been suggested. This article reviews natural occurrence, accessibility via chemical, synthetic biochemical pathways of GSL, and the current methodology of extraction, purification, and characterization. Structural information, including the most recent classification of GSL, and their stability and storage conditions will also be discussed. The biological perspective will also be explored to demonstrate the importance of these prominent metabolites.
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21
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Ramirez D, Abellán-Victorio A, Beretta V, Camargo A, Moreno DA. Functional Ingredients From Brassicaceae Species: Overview and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1998. [PMID: 32183429 PMCID: PMC7139885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassicaceae vegetables are important crops consumed worldwide due to their unique flavor, and for their broadly recognized functional properties, which are directly related to their phytochemical composition. Isothiocyanates (ITC) are the most characteristic compounds, considered responsible for their pungent taste. Besides ITC, these vegetables are also rich in carotenoids, phenolics, minerals, and vitamins. Consequently, Brassica's phytochemical profile makes them an ideal natural source for improving the nutritional quality of manufactured foods. In this sense, the inclusion of functional ingredients into food matrices are of growing interest. In the present work, Brassicaceae ingredients, functionality, and future perspectives are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ramirez
- Laboratorio de Cromatografía para Agroalimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, UNCuyo, Mendoza 54 261, Argentina; (D.R.); (V.B.); (A.C.)
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza, CONICET Mendoza 54 261, Argentina
| | - Angel Abellán-Victorio
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Foods Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Spanish National Research Council for Scientific Research (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia 30100, Spain;
| | - Vanesa Beretta
- Laboratorio de Cromatografía para Agroalimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, UNCuyo, Mendoza 54 261, Argentina; (D.R.); (V.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Alejandra Camargo
- Laboratorio de Cromatografía para Agroalimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, UNCuyo, Mendoza 54 261, Argentina; (D.R.); (V.B.); (A.C.)
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza, CONICET Mendoza 54 261, Argentina
| | - Diego A. Moreno
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Foods Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Spanish National Research Council for Scientific Research (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia 30100, Spain;
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22
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Blažević I, Montaut S, Burčul F, Olsen CE, Burow M, Rollin P, Agerbirk N. Glucosinolate structural diversity, identification, chemical synthesis and metabolism in plants. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 169:112100. [PMID: 31771793 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The glucosinolates (GSLs) is a well-defined group of plant metabolites characterized by having an S-β-d-glucopyrano unit anomerically connected to an O-sulfated (Z)-thiohydroximate function. After enzymatic hydrolysis, the sulfated aglucone can undergo rearrangement to an isothiocyanate, or form a nitrile or other products. The number of GSLs known from plants, satisfactorily characterized by modern spectroscopic methods (NMR and MS) by mid-2018, is 88. In addition, a group of partially characterized structures with highly variable evidence counts for approximately a further 49. This means that the total number of characterized GSLs from plants is somewhere between 88 and 137. The diversity of GSLs in plants is critically reviewed here, resulting in significant discrepancies with previous reviews. In general, the well-characterized GSLs show resemblance to C-skeletons of the amino acids Ala, Val, Leu, Trp, Ile, Phe/Tyr and Met, or to homologs of Ile, Phe/Tyr or Met. Insufficiently characterized, still hypothetic GSLs include straight-chain alkyl GSLs and chain-elongated GSLs derived from Leu. Additional reports (since 2011) of insufficiently characterized GSLs are reviewed. Usually the crucial missing information is correctly interpreted NMR, which is the most effective tool for GSL identification. Hence, modern use of NMR for GSL identification is also reviewed and exemplified. Apart from isolation, GSLs may be obtained by organic synthesis, allowing isotopically labeled GSLs and any kind of side chain. Enzymatic turnover of GSLs in plants depends on a considerable number of enzymes and other protein factors and furthermore depends on GSL structure. Identification of GSLs must be presented transparently and live up to standard requirements in natural product chemistry. Unfortunately, many recent reports fail in these respects, including reports based on chromatography hyphenated to MS. In particular, the possibility of isomers and isobaric structures is frequently ignored. Recent reports are re-evaluated and interpreted as evidence of the existence of "isoGSLs", i.e. non-GSL isomers of GSLs in plants. For GSL analysis, also with MS-detection, we stress the importance of using authentic standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivica Blažević
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000, Split, Croatia.
| | - Sabine Montaut
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Programme, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Franko Burčul
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Carl Erik Olsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Meike Burow
- DynaMo Center and Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Patrick Rollin
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Université d'Orléans et CNRS, UMR 7311, BP 6759, F-45067, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Niels Agerbirk
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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23
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Bunias erucago L.: Glucosinolate Profile and In Vitro Biological Potential. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040741. [PMID: 30791395 PMCID: PMC6412829 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bunias erucago belongs to the Brassicaceae family, which represents a forgotten crop of the Euro-Mediterranean area. The aim of the present study was to determine the glucosinolate profile in different plant parts and biological properties (antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and cytotoxic activities) of the isolates containing glucosinolate breakdown products. The chemical profiles were determined by using HPLC-PDA-MS/MS of desulfoglucosinolates and GC-MS of glucosinolate degradation products. The analysis of B. erucago showed the presence of seven glucosinolates: gluconapin (1), glucoraphasatin (2), glucoraphenin (3), glucoerucin (4), glucoraphanin (5), glucotropaeolin (6), and glucosinalbin (7). The total glucosinolate content ranged from 7.0 to 14.6 µmol/g of dry weight, with the major glucosinolate glucosinalbin in all parts. The antioxidant activity of all volatile isolates was not notable. At a tested concentration of 227 μg/mL, flower hydro-distillate (FH) showed good AChE inhibition, i.e., 40.9%, while root hydro-distillate (RH) had good activity against BChE, i.e., 54.3%. FH showed the best activity against both tested human bladder cancer cell lines, i.e., against T24 after 72 h, which have IC50 of 16.0 μg/mL, and against TCCSUP after 48 h with IC50 of 7.8 μg/mL, and can be considered as highly active. On the other hand, RH showed weak activity against tested cancer cells.
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24
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Chen W, Karangwa E, Yu J, Xia S, Feng B, Zhang X. Effect of sodium chloride concentration on off-flavor removal correlated to glucosinolate degradation and red radish anthocyanin stability. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 56:937-950. [PMID: 30906051 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-03559-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanin-rich concentrates from different red radish can be used as natural food colorants. However, the development of off-flavor during extraction has been major challenge in processing industries. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration in phosphoric acidified medium pH 2.5 on removal of off-flavor from red radish anthocyanin. The effect of NaCl concentration on anthocyanin properties was also evaluated. Results showed that the total glucosinolate was highly degraded at high NaCl concentration (< 500 mM) compared with control, leading to higher off-flavor development. Additionally, the glucosinolate degradation was positively and significantly correlated to isothiocyanate, while was negatively and significantly correlated with dimethyl di-, trisulfide, cedrol, triacetin, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one. Moreover, total monomeric and color properties of extracted anthocyanins were degraded at high NaCl concentration (< 500 mM) compared with control. The tentative anthocyanin identification by UPLC-TQ-MS showed 12 glycosylated anthocyanins substituted at C3 and C5 in tested anthocyanin extracts. In conclusion, higher NaCl concentration (< 500 mM) could not be useful for red radish off-flavor removal and anthocyanin properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentian Chen
- 1State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu People's Republic of China.,Research and Development, AAFUD Industry (Zhuhai) Co. Ltd, Zhuhai, 519085 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Eric Karangwa
- 1State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu People's Republic of China.,Research and Development, AAFUD Industry (Zhuhai) Co. Ltd, Zhuhai, 519085 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyang Yu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqin Xia
- 1State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Feng
- 1State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
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25
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Characterization of Plant Volatiles Reveals Distinct Metabolic Profiles and Pathways among 12 Brassicaceae Vegetables. Metabolites 2018; 8:metabo8040094. [PMID: 30558181 PMCID: PMC6316591 DOI: 10.3390/metabo8040094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants emit characteristic organic volatile compounds (VOCs) with diverse biological/ecological functions. However, the links between plant species/varieties and their phytochemical emission profiles remain elusive. Here, we developed a direct headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) technique and combined with non-targeted gas chromatography‒high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) platform to investigate the VOCs profiles of 12 common Brassicaceae vegetables (watercress, rocket, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, kai lan, choy sum, pak choi, cabbage, Chinese cabbage, cauliflower, radish and cherry radish). The direct HS-SPME sampling approach enabled reproducible capture of the rapid-emitting VOCs upon plant tissue disruption. The results revealed extensive variation in VOCs profiles among the 12 Brassicaceae vegetables. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the VOC profiles could clearly distinguish the 12 Brassicaceae vegetables, and that these profiles well reflected the classical morphological classification. After multivariate statistical analysis, 44 VOCs with significant differences among the Brassicaceae vegetables were identified. Pathway analysis showed that three secondary metabolism pathways, including the fatty acid pathway, methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway and glucosinolate (GLS) pathway, behave distinctively in these vegetables. These three pathways are responsible for the generation and emission of green leaf volatiles (GLVs), terpenes and isothiocyanates (ITCs), respectively. Correlation analysis further showed that volatile metabolites formed via the common pathway had significantly positive correlations, whereas metabolites from different pathways had either non-significant or significantly negative correlations. Genetic influences on these metabolites across various vegetable types were also evaluated. These findings extend our phytochemical knowledge of the 12 edible Brassicaceae vegetables and provide useful information on their secondary metabolism.
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Chowański S, Chudzińska E, Lelario F, Ventrella E, Marciniak P, Miądowicz-Kobielska M, Spochacz M, Szymczak M, Scrano L, Bufo SA, Adamski Z. Insecticidal properties of Solanum nigrum and Armoracia rusticana extracts on reproduction and development of Drosophila melanogaster. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 162:454-463. [PMID: 30015192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived substances, because of high biological activity, arouse interest of many scientists. Thus, plant extracts and pure substances are intensively studied on various insects as potential insecticides. In such studies, D. melanogaster is one of the most important model organisms. In our studies, we analysed the contents of two plant extracts and tested the activity of their main components against fruit flies and compared observed effects to effects caused by crude extracts. Then, we assessed the development of the next, unexposed generation. The chemical analysis of extracts revealed the presence of numerous glycoalkaloids and glucosinolates in Solanum nigrum and Armoracia rusticana extracts. These extracts, as well as their main components, revealed lethal and sublethal effects, such as the altered developmental time of various life stages and malformations of imagoes. Interestingly, the results for the extracts and pure main compounds often varied. Some of the results were also observed in the unexposed generation. These results confirm that the tested plants produce a range of substances with potential insecticidal effects. The different effects of extracts and pure main components suggest the presence of minor compounds, which should be tested as insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Chowański
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Ewa Chudzińska
- Department of Genetics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Filomena Lelario
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy.
| | | | - Paweł Marciniak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland.
| | | | - Marta Spochacz
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Monika Szymczak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Laura Scrano
- Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures, University of Basilicata, Matera, Italy.
| | | | - Zbigniew Adamski
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland; Electron and Confocal Microscope Laboratory, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland.
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Insights into the species-specific metabolic engineering of glucosinolates in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) based on comparative genomic analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16040. [PMID: 29167500 PMCID: PMC5700054 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16306-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs) and their hydrolysis products present in Brassicales play important roles in plants against herbivores and pathogens as well as in the protection of human health. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of species-specific GSLs and their hydrolysed products in Raphanus sativus L., we performed a comparative genomics analysis between R. sativus and Arabidopsis thaliana. In total, 144 GSL metabolism genes were identified, and most of these GSL genes have expanded through whole-genome and tandem duplication in R. sativus. Crucially, the differential expression of FMOGS-OX2 in the root and silique correlates with the differential distribution of major aliphatic GSL components in these organs. Moreover, MYB118 expression specifically in the silique suggests that aliphatic GSL accumulation occurs predominantly in seeds. Furthermore, the absence of the expression of a putative non-functional epithiospecifier (ESP) gene in any tissue and the nitrile-specifier (NSP) gene in roots facilitates the accumulation of distinctive beneficial isothiocyanates in R. sativus. Elucidating the evolution of the GSL metabolic pathway in R. sativus is important for fully understanding GSL metabolic engineering and the precise genetic improvement of GSL components and their catabolites in R. sativus and other Brassicaceae crops.
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Chen W, Karangwa E, Yu J, Duhoranimana E, Xia S, Feng B, Zhang X, Jia C. Coupling effects of preheating time and extraction medium pH on red radish anthocyanin yield, glucosinolate degradation and off-odour removal. Int J Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wentian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu China
- Research and Development; AAFUD industry (Zhuhai) Co. Ltd; Zhuhai 519085 Guangdong China
| | - Eric Karangwa
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu China
- Research and Development; AAFUD industry (Zhuhai) Co. Ltd; Zhuhai 519085 Guangdong China
| | - Jingyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Emmanuel Duhoranimana
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Shuqin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Biao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Chensheng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu China
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Isidorov VA, Nazaruk J. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of glycosides without prior hydrolysis. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1521:161-166. [PMID: 28941807 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The article presents for the first time the linear temperature programmed retention indices on a column with stationary phases of 5% phenylpolydimethyl silicone and the mass spectra of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives of 71 glycosides (both commercial preparations and compounds extracted from plant tissues) which were not characterized earlier by these parameters. Converted to their TMS derivatives, the glycosides were thermally stable: they exhibited single peaks on their chromatograms without products of thermal decomposition. Therefore this work demonstrates the suitability of high resolution-high temperature gas chromatography (HR-HT/GC) to analyse different groups of glycosides including compounds with disaccharide moieties without the necessity of their hydrolyses. Since a limited number of commercial and plant-isolated glycosides were available, an attempt was made to assess their retention indices using the known "structure-retention relationships" approach. It was demonstrated that the retention indices of silanised glycosides and their aglycones were characterized by a linear dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery A Isidorov
- Forest Faculty, Białystok University of Technology, 17-200 Hajnówka, Poland.
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Saka B, Djouahri A, Djerrad Z, Terfi S, Aberrane S, Sabaou N, Baaliouamer A, Boudarene L. Chemical Variability and Biological Activities ofBrassica rapavar.rapiferaParts Essential Oils Depending on Geographic Variation and Extraction Technique. Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Boualem Saka
- Laboratory of Functional Organic Analysis; Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Houari Boumediene University of Sciences and Technology (U.S.T.H.B); El Alia, BP 32, Bab Ezzouar 16111 Algiers Algeria
| | - Abderrahmane Djouahri
- Laboratory of Functional Organic Analysis; Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Houari Boumediene University of Sciences and Technology (U.S.T.H.B); El Alia, BP 32, Bab Ezzouar 16111 Algiers Algeria
| | - Zineb Djerrad
- Laboratory of Vegetal Ecology and Environment; Department of Ecology and Environment; Faculty of Biological Sciences; Houari Boumediene University of Sciences and Technology (USTHB); El Alia, BP 32, Bab Ezzouar 16111 Algiers Algeria
| | - Souhila Terfi
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry-Corrosion, Metallurgy and Mineral Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Sciences and Technology (USTHB); El Alia, BP 32, Bab Ezzouar 16111 Algiers Algeria
| | - Sihem Aberrane
- Laboratory of Functional Organic Analysis; Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Houari Boumediene University of Sciences and Technology (U.S.T.H.B); El Alia, BP 32, Bab Ezzouar 16111 Algiers Algeria
| | - Nasserdine Sabaou
- Laboratory of Biology of the Microbial Systems; Department of Biology; Ecole Normale Supérieure El Bachir El Ibrahimi (E.N.S); BP 92 Kouba-Alger Algeria
| | - Aoumeur Baaliouamer
- Laboratory of Functional Organic Analysis; Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Houari Boumediene University of Sciences and Technology (U.S.T.H.B); El Alia, BP 32, Bab Ezzouar 16111 Algiers Algeria
- Scientific and Technical Research Center in Physico-Chemical Analyses (CRAPC); BP 248, Alger RP 16004 Algiers Algeria
| | - Lynda Boudarene
- Laboratory of Functional Organic Analysis; Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Houari Boumediene University of Sciences and Technology (U.S.T.H.B); El Alia, BP 32, Bab Ezzouar 16111 Algiers Algeria
- Scientific and Technical Research Center in Physico-Chemical Analyses (CRAPC); BP 248, Alger RP 16004 Algiers Algeria
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Chen W, Karangwa E, Yu J, Xia S, Feng B, Zhang X, Jia C. Characterizing Red Radish Pigment Off-Odor and Aroma-Active Compounds by Sensory Evaluation, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Olfactometry and Partial Least Square Regression. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-017-1904-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Rapheeha OKL, Roux-van der Merwe MP, Badenhorst J, Chhiba V, Bode ML, Mathiba K, Brady D. Hydrolysis of nitriles by soil bacteria: variation with soil origin. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 122:686-697. [PMID: 27930842 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to explore bacterial soil diversity for nitrile biocatalysts, in particular, those for hydrolysis of β-substituted nitriles, to the corresponding carboxamides and acids that may be incorporated into peptidomimetics. To achieve this, we needed to compare the efficiency of isolation methods and determine the influence of land use and geographical origin of the soil sample. METHODS AND RESULTS Nitrile-utilizing bacteria were isolated from various soil environments across a 1000 km long transect of South Africa, including agricultural soil, a gold mine tailing dam and uncultivated soil. The substrate profile of these isolates was determined through element-limited growth studies on seven different aliphatic or aromatic nitriles. A subset of these organisms expressing broad substrate ranges was evaluated for their ability to hydrolyse β-substituted nitriles (3-amino-3-phenylpropionitrile and 3-hydroxy-4-phenoxybutyronitrile) and the active organisms were found to be Rhodococcus erythropolis from uncultivated soil and Rhodococcus rhodochrous from agricultural soils. CONCLUSIONS The capacity for hydrolysis of β-substituted nitriles appears to reside almost exclusively in Rhodococci. Land use has a much greater effect on the biocatalysis substrate profile than geographical location. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Enzymes are typically substrate specific in their catalytic reactions, and this means that a wide diversity of enzymes is required to provide a comprehensive biocatalysis toolbox. This paper shows that the microbial diversity of nitrile hydrolysis activity can be targeted according to land utilization. Nitrile biocatalysis is a green chemical method for the enzymatic production of amides and carboxylic acids that has industrial applications, such as in the synthesis of acrylamide and nicotinamide. The biocatalysts discovered in this study may be applied to the synthesis of peptidomimetics which are an important class of therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- O K L Rapheeha
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M P Roux-van der Merwe
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - J Badenhorst
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - V Chhiba
- CSIR Biosciences, Pretoria, South Africa.,Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - M L Bode
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - K Mathiba
- CSIR Biosciences, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - D Brady
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa.,CSIR Biosciences, Pretoria, South Africa.,Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Kask K, Kännaste A, Talts E, Copolovici L, Niinemets Ü. How specialized volatiles respond to chronic and short-term physiological and shock heat stress in Brassica nigra. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:2027-42. [PMID: 27287526 PMCID: PMC5798583 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Brassicales release volatile glucosinolate breakdown products upon tissue mechanical damage, but it is unclear how the release of glucosinolate volatiles responds to abiotic stresses such as heat stress. We used three different heat treatments, simulating different dynamic temperature conditions in the field to gain insight into stress-dependent changes in volatile blends and photosynthetic characteristics in the annual herb Brassica nigra (L.) Koch. Heat stress was applied by either heating leaves through temperature response curve measurements from 20 to 40 °C (mild stress), exposing plants for 4 h to temperatures 25-44 °C (long-term stress) or shock-heating leaves to 45-50 °C. Photosynthetic reduction through temperature response curves was associated with decreased stomatal conductance, while the reduction due to long-term stress and collapse of photosynthetic activity after heat shock stress were associated with non-stomatal processes. Mild stress decreased constitutive monoterpene emissions, while long-term stress and shock stress resulted in emissions of the lipoxygenase pathway and glucosinolate volatiles. Glucosinolate volatile release was more strongly elicited by long-term stress and lipoxygenase product released by heat shock. These results demonstrate that glucosinolate volatiles constitute a major part of emission blend in heat-stressed B. nigra plants, especially upon chronic stress that leads to induction responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaia Kask
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
- Author for correspondence.
| | - Astrid Kännaste
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Eero Talts
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Lucian Copolovici
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
- Institute of Technical and Natural Sciences Research-Development of “Aurel Vlaicu” University, 2 Elena Dragoi St., 310330, Arad, Romania
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
- Elena Dragoi St., 310330, Arad, Romania
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Abstract
Three different types of extracts of volatile isolates from aerial parts of Calepina irregularis (Asso) Thell. were investigated to uncover glucosinolates using indirect methods consisting of either non-enzymatic (thermal degradation) or enzymatic (with exogenous and endogenous myrosinase) hydrolysis, followed by GC-FID/MS analysis of the volatile isolates. The identification of volatile glucosinolate degradation products isolated from C. irregularis indirectly revealed the presence of seven glucosinolates, namely glucoiberverin, glucoiberin, glucocheirolin, glucolepidiin, sinigrin, glucoerucin and glucotropaeolin. Quantitatively the most important compound in the distillate (sample obtained by thermal degradation) was 3-(methylthio)propyl isothiocyanate (95.6%), the degradation product of glucoiberverin, which constituted almost the entire sample. Two isothiocyanates, 3-(methylthio)propyl isothiocyanate (57.8%) and 3-(methylsulfinyl)propyl isothiocyanate (16.7%), originating from degradation of glucoiberverin and glucoiberin, respectively, were the most abundant compounds identified in the hydrolysate (sample obtained by exogenous myrosinase hydrolysis). Some isothiocyanates, 3-(methylthio)propyl isothiocyanate and 3-(methylsulfinyl)propyl isothiocyanate, were present in almost the same percentages (41.0% and 40.0%, respectively), in the autolysate (endogenous myrosinase hydrolysis).
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Ahn M, Kim J, Bang H, Moon J, Kim GO, Shin T. Hepatoprotective effects of allyl isothiocyanate against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rat. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 254:102-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Wang S, Zhu F. Antidiabetic dietary materials and animal models. Food Res Int 2016; 85:315-331. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Arora R, Singh B, Vig AP, Arora S. Conventional and modified hydrodistillation method for the extraction of glucosinolate hydrolytic products: a comparative account. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:479. [PMID: 27217994 PMCID: PMC4835399 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Eruca sativa is extensively used as raw and its oil is also used for cooking due to its exceptional flavour. The volatile nature of the hydrolytic products of glucosinolates makes the extraction difficult. The hydrodistillation method used previously yield very less amount of the extract as well as the absence of stirring in the round bottom flask causes burning of both the crushed seeds and the flask. To overcome these drawbacks, a method has been developed using magnetic stirrer and hot plate. The yield and composition of hydrolytic products in the extract with the modified method was increased along with an increase in the amount of major hydrolytic products as seen by GC-MS. This method thus has immense potential in pharmaceutical industries, due to the ease of extraction and isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
| | - Bikram Singh
- Natural Plant Products Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource and Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061 India
| | - Adarsh Pal Vig
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
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Lim SH, Song JH, Kim DH, Kim JK, Lee JY, Kim YM, Ha SH. Activation of anthocyanin biosynthesis by expression of the radish R2R3-MYB transcription factor gene RsMYB1. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:641-53. [PMID: 26703384 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1909-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE RsMYB1, a MYB TF of red radish origin, was characterized as a positive regulator to transcriptionally activate the anthocyanin biosynthetic machinery by itself in Arabidopsis and tobacco plants. Anthocyanins, providing the bright red-orange to blue-violet colors, are flavonoid-derived pigments with strong antioxidant activity that have benefits for human health. We isolated RsMYB1, which encodes an R2R3-MYB transcription factor (TF), from red radish plants (Raphanus sativus L.) that accumulate high levels of anthocyanins. RsMYB1 shows higher expression in red radish than in common white radish, in both leaves and roots, at different growth stages. Consistent with RsMYB1 function as an anthocyanin-promoting TF, red radishes showed higher expression of all six anthocyanin biosynthetic and two anthocyanin regulatory genes. Transient expression of RsMYB1 in tobacco showed that RsMYB1 is a positive regulator of anthocyanin production with better efficiency than the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) TF gene B-Peru. Also, the synergistic effect of RsMYB1 with B-Peru was larger than the effect of the MYB TF gene mPAP1D with B-peru. Arabidopsis plants stably expressing RsMYB1 produced red pigmentation throughout the plant, accompanied by up-regulation of the six structural and two regulatory genes for anthocyanin production. This broad transcriptional activation of anthocyanin biosynthetic machinery in Arabidopsis included up-regulation of TRANSPARENT TESTA8, which encodes a bHLH TF. These results suggest that overexpression of RsMYB1 promotes anthocyanin production by triggering the expression of endogenous bHLH genes as potential binding partners for RsMYB1. In addition, RsMYB1-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants had a higher antioxidant capacity than did non-transgenic control plants. Taken together, RsMYB1 is an actively positive regulator for anthocyanins biosynthesis in radish plants and it might be one of the best targets for anthocyanin production by single gene manipulation being applicable in diverse plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hyung Lim
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Hye Song
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hye Kim
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Yeol Lee
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hwa Ha
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea.
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Değirmencioğlu N, Gurbuz O, Şahan Y. The Monitoring, Via an In vitro
Digestion System, of the Bioactive Content of Vegetable Juice Fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae
and Saccharomyces boulardii. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nurcan Değirmencioğlu
- Department of Food Processing; Bandırma Vocational High School, Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University; Balıkesir Turkey
| | - Ozan Gurbuz
- Department of Food Engineering; Faculty of Agriculture, Uludag University; Bursa Turkey
| | - Yasemin Şahan
- Department of Food Engineering; Faculty of Agriculture, Uludag University; Bursa Turkey
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Pocasap P, Weerapreeyakul N. Sulforaphene and sulforaphane in commonly consumed cruciferous plants contributed to antiproliferation in HCT116 colon cancer cells. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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42
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Yang WS, Kim I, Seu YB, Jeong YJ, Han HS, Ryu KO, Kang SC. Ethanolic Extract of Radish Sprout (Raphanus Sativus
L.) Prevents Bisphenol A-Induced Testicular Dysfunction in Male Rats. J Food Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Woong-Suk Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; Kyungpook National University; Daegu 702-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Inhye Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition; College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University; Seoul 133-791 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Bae Seu
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; Kyungpook National University; Daegu 702-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Joon Jeong
- Department of Life Science; Gachon University; Seongnam 461-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Sang Han
- Department of Health Administration; Joongbu University; Geumsan 312-702 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Oh Ryu
- Asia Seed Co., Ltd.; Seoul 137-807 Republic of Korea
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Department of Life Science; Gachon University; Seongnam 461-701 Republic of Korea
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104; Republic of Korea
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43
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Wentian C, Eric K, Jingyang Y, Shuqin X, Biao F, Xiaoming Z. Improving red radish anthocyanin yield and off flavor removal by acidified aqueous organic based medium. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16936h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In view of the high content of the highly stable anthocyanin in red radish roots, the plant is considered as a potent source of natural anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wentian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Karangwa Eric
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Yu Jingyang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Xia Shuqin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Feng Biao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Zhang Xiaoming
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
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44
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Ha TJ, Lee MH, Lee JH. Comparison of antioxidant activities and volatile components using GC/MS from leaves of Korean purple perilla (Perilla frutescens) grown in a greenhouse. Food Sci Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-015-0261-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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45
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Xu BG, Zhang M, Bhandari B, Cheng XF, Islam MN. Effect of ultrasound-assisted freezing on the physico-chemical properties and volatile compounds of red radish. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2015; 27:316-324. [PMID: 26186850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Power ultrasound, which can enhance nucleation rate and crystal growth rate, can also affect the physico-chemical properties of immersion frozen products. In this study, the influence of slow freezing (SF), immersion freezing (IF) and ultrasound-assisted freezing (UAF) on physico-chemical properties and volatile compounds of red radish was investigated. Results showed that ultrasound application significantly improved the freezing rate; the freezing time of ultrasound application at 0.26 W/cm(2) was shorten by 14% and 90%, compared to IF and SF, respectively. UAF products showed significant (p<0.05) reduction in drip loss and phytonutrients (anthocyanins, vitamin C and phenolics) loss. Compared to SF products, IF and UAF products showed better textural preservation and higher calcium content. The radish tissues exhibited better cellular structures under ultrasonic power intensities of 0.17 and 0.26 W/cm(2) with less cell separation and disruption. Volatile compound data revealed that radish aromatic profile was also affected in the freezing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Guo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Bhesh Bhandari
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Xin-Feng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Md Nahidul Islam
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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46
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Goyeneche R, Di Scala K, Goñi M, Vega-Gálvez A, Quispe-Fuentes I, Roura SI. Application of Ascorbic Acid and Mild Heat Shock to Improve Shelf Life and Ensure Microbial Safety of Sliced Radish (Raphanus sativus
L.). J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Goyeneche
- Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería en Alimentos; Facultad de Ingeniería; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; 7600 Buenos Aires Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Mar del Plata Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - K. Di Scala
- Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería en Alimentos; Facultad de Ingeniería; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; 7600 Buenos Aires Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Mar del Plata Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - M.G. Goñi
- Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería en Alimentos; Facultad de Ingeniería; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; 7600 Buenos Aires Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Mar del Plata Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - A. Vega-Gálvez
- Department of Food Engineering; Universidad de La Serena; La Serena Chile
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA); La Serena Chile
| | - I. Quispe-Fuentes
- Department of Food Engineering; Universidad de La Serena; La Serena Chile
| | - S. I. Roura
- Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería en Alimentos; Facultad de Ingeniería; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; 7600 Buenos Aires Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Mar del Plata Buenos Aires Argentina
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47
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Kremr D, Bajerová P, Bajer T, Eisner A, Adam M, Ventura K. Using headspace solid-phase microextraction for comparison of volatile sulphur compounds of fresh plants belonging to families Alliaceae and Brassicaceae. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015; 52:5727-35. [PMID: 26344986 PMCID: PMC4554669 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1660-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an optimisation of extraction of sulphur volatile compounds (SVCs) has been performed using Central Composite Design. The conditions of the highest amount of eluated peaks and total peaks area have been treated. Factors such as coating of fiber for SPME (Solid Phase Microextraction), extraction temperature and extraction time have been optimised. The SVCs have shown the optimal extraction using a DVB/CAR/PDMS (divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane) fiber at 73 °C during 50 min. Furthermore, a pre-incubation step lasting 20 min at the extraction temperature has been used. In total, 12 samples have been investigated at the mentioned optimal conditions, eight from the Alliaceae and four from the Brassicaceae family. The highest number of SVCs (24) has been identified in the sample of chive. The most frequently identified compound found in 11 of 12 samples has been dimethyl trisulphide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kremr
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Bajerová
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Bajer
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Eisner
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Adam
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Ventura
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
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48
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Bell L, Spadafora ND, Müller CT, Wagstaff C, Rogers HJ. Use of TD-GC-TOF-MS to assess volatile composition during post-harvest storage in seven accessions of rocket salad (Eruca sativa). Food Chem 2015; 194:626-36. [PMID: 26471601 PMCID: PMC4615134 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We present a robust method for VOC analysis from rocket salad packaging headspace. TD-GC–TOF-MS putatively identified 39 volatile compounds. VOC profiles for Eruca sativa varied significantly between accessions. Isothiocyanate compounds degrade significantly over shelf-life. Changes in VOC profiles could provide a useful tool for assessment of leaf quality.
An important step in breeding for nutritionally enhanced varieties is determining the effects of the post-harvest supply chain on phytochemicals and the changes in VOCs produced over time. TD-GC–TOF-MS was used and a technique for the extraction of VOCs from the headspace using portable tubes is described. Forty-two compounds were detected; 39 were identified by comparison to NIST libraries. Thirty-five compounds had not been previously reported in Eruca sativa. Seven accessions were assessed for changes in headspace VOCs over 7 days. Relative amounts of VOCs across 3 time points were significantly different – isothiocyanate-containing molecules being abundant on ‘Day 0’. Each accession showed differences in proportions/types of volatiles produced on each day. PCA revealed a separation of VOC profiles according to the day of sampling. Changes in VOC profiles over time could provide a tool for assessment of shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Bell
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AP, UK.
| | - Natasha D Spadafora
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, PO Box 915, Cardiff, CF10 3TL, UK
| | - Carsten T Müller
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, PO Box 915, Cardiff, CF10 3TL, UK
| | - Carol Wagstaff
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AP, UK; Centre for Food Security, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Hilary J Rogers
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, PO Box 915, Cardiff, CF10 3TL, UK
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49
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Blažević I, Montaut S, Nicola GRD, Rollin P. Long-chain Glucosinolates from Arabis turrita: Enzymatic and Non-enzymatic Degradations. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
C8-C10 methylsulfinylalkyl glucosinolates (GLs), and C8-C10 methylsulfonylalkyl GLs were identified in the seed of Arabis turrita L. by HPLC-MS/ESI analysis of intact GLs. Enzymatic (with myrosinase) and non-enzymatic (thermal at 100°C, and chemical at different pH) hydrolyses were performed and the volatile isolates were analyzed by GC-MS. Only the enzymatic and chemical (pH 10) degradations produced volatiles which are originating from GL degradation. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of long-chain olefinic isothiocyanates (ITCs) along with other the long-chain thiofunctionalized GL breakdown products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivica Blažević
- University of Split, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, Department of Organic Chemistry, Teslina 10/V, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Sabine Montaut
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Programme, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Gina Rosalinda De Nicola
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura - Centro di Ricerca per le Colture Industriali (CRA-CIN), Via di Corticella 133, I-40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrick Rollin
- ICOA-UMR 7311, Université d'Orléans, B.P. 6759, F-45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
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50
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Arora R, Bhushan S, Kumar R, Mannan R, Kaur P, Singh AP, Singh B, Vig AP, Sharma D, Arora S. Hepatic dysfunction induced by 7, 12-dimethylbenz(α)anthracene and its obviation with erucin using enzymatic and histological changes as indicators. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112614. [PMID: 25390337 PMCID: PMC4229223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxicity induced by 7, 12-dimethylbenz(α)anthracene (DMBA) has been widely delineated by a number of researchers. This potent chemical damages many internal organs including liver, by inducing the production of reactive oxygen species, DNA-adduct formation and affecting the activities of phase I, II, antioxidant and serum enzymes. Glucosinolate hydrolytic products like isothiocyanates (ITCs) are well known for inhibiting the DNA-adduct formation and modulating phase I, II enzymes. Sulforaphane is ITC, currently under phase trials, is readily metabolized and inter-converted into erucin upon ingestion. We isolated erucin from Eruca sativa (Mill.) Thell. evaluated its hepatoprotective role in DMBA induced toxicity in male wistar rats. The rats were subjected to hepatic damage by five day regular intraperitoneal doses of DMBA. At the end of the protocol, the rats were euthanized, their blood was collected and livers were processed. The liver homogenate was analyzed for phase I (NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase, cytochrome P450, cytochrome P420 and cytochrome b5), phase II (DT diaphorase, glutathione-S-transferase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase) and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, guaiacol peroxidise, ascorbate peroxidise, glutathione reductase and lactate dehydrogenase). The level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, lipid hydroperoxides, conjugated dienes and reduced glutathione in the liver homogenate was also analyzed. The serum was also analyzed for markers indicating hepatic damage (alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, direct bilirubin and total bilirubin). Erucin provided significant protection against DMBA induced damage by modulating the phase I, II and antioxidant enzymes. The histological evaluation of liver tissue was also conducted, which showed the hepatoprotective role of erucin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Sakshi Bhushan
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Rahul Mannan
- Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Pardeep Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Amrit Pal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Bikram Singh
- Natural Plant Products Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource and Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Adarsh P. Vig
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Deepika Sharma
- Natural Plant Products Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource and Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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