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Lu Y, He Y, Wang X, Wang H, Qiu Q, Wu B, Wu X. Screening, characterization, and determination of suspected additives bimatoprost and latanoprost in cosmetics using NMR and LC-MS methods. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04744-1. [PMID: 37219580 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04744-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recently, many new types of cosmetic illegal additives have been screened in the market. Most of the new additives were new drugs or analogues with very similar structures to other prohibited additives, which were difficult to be identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) only. Therefore, a new strategy is proposed, which is chromatographic separation combined with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) structural identification. The suspected samples were screened by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS), followed by purification and extraction through silica-gel column chromatography and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Finally, the extracts were identified unambiguously by NMR as bimatoprost and latanoprost, which were identified to be new cosmetic illegal additives in eyelash serums in China. Meanwhile, bimatoprost and latanoprost were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrum (HPLC-QQQ-MS/MS). The quantitative method demonstrated good linearity in the range of approximately 0.25-50 ng/mL (R2 > 0.9992), with limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values of 0.01 and 0.03 mg/kg, respectively. The accuracy, precision, and reproducibility were confirmed to be acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Lu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yu He
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xinran Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qianqian Qiu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Baojin Wu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xianfu Wu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China.
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2
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McCullagh M, Goscinny S, Palmer M, Ujma J. Investigations into pesticide charge site isomers using conventional IM and cIM systems. Talanta 2021; 234:122604. [PMID: 34364418 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of pesticides are being used around the world necessitating strict regulatory policies to guarantee consumer safety. Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) is a highly sensitive method for pesticide screening, which provides retention time, mass/charge ratios and the relative abundances of characteristic product ions. Variability in the latter necessitates relatively large tolerances (±30%, SANCO/12682/2019, current EU regulation). One cause of this variability may stem from the presence of different charge-site isomers (charge carrier being a proton, sodium cation, potassium cation and alike); each yielding a set of different product ions, of which the relative ratios are influenced by solution and ion source conditions. Consequently, varying relative abundances may be observed for analyte ions produced from calibration standards, chemical residues in food matrices and across different instruments. Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS) is a fast, gas phase separation technique which can resolve charge-site isomers based on differences in their collisional cross sections (CCSs). We previously used the IM device embedded in LC-IM-MS geometry to generate a pesticide CCS database and subsequently focussed upon identification of pesticides which form charge-site isomers. Latterly, we applied this approach to screen food commodities for pesticide residues. In some instances, isomer separation was clear, however sometimes broad, unresolved distributions were observed. Using a high-resolution cyclic IM device (cIM) we resolved and determined CCS values of species of indoxacarb, spinosad, fenpyroximate, epoxiconazole, metaflumizone and avermectin. Furthermore, utilising novel cIM functionalities (tandem-IM) we discovered that two spinosyn sodimers can interconvert in the gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Séverine Goscinny
- Scientific Institute of Public Health, 14, Rue Juliette Wytsman, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martin Palmer
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altrincham Road, Wilmslow, UK
| | - Jakub Ujma
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altrincham Road, Wilmslow, UK
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3
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Bahl MF, Brodeur JC, Costa CS, D'Andrea MF, Sansiñena JA, Marino DJ, Natale GS. Lethal and sublethal effects of the natural and healthy spinosad-based formulation Tracer™ on tadpoles of two neotropical species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:13524-13535. [PMID: 33185796 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09808-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the first acute toxicity data of the natural insecticide spinosad in amphibians. The sensitivity of two neotropical sympatric anuran species, Boana pulchella and Rhinella arenarum, to spinosad-based formulation Tracer™ was evaluated. Lethal effects are reported in tadpoles of B. pulchella stage 25 between 2.81 and 35.44 mg spinosad/L, while for the same concentration range no lethal effects were detected in tadpoles of R. arenarum of the same stage. In addition, Tracer™ produced sublethal effects at the individual level on the swimming activity, morphology (growth and presence of abnormalities), and development of B. pulchella from 2.81 to 5.78 mg spinosad/L, while in R. arenarum effects were only detected in the swimming activity and growth from 2.78 and 6.22 mg/L, respectively. At the biochemical level, Tracer™ produced inhibition of different enzymatic activities, among them, catalase activity at 2.81 mg spinosad/L, glutathione S- transferase activity from 2.81 to 2.98 mg spinosad/L, and acetylcholinesterase activity at 2.81 mg spinosad/L. These findings allow us to conclude that B. pulchella is more sensitive than R. arenarum to spinosad-based formulation Tracer™. The effects demonstrated here are not consistent with those expected since spinosad is supposed to be an environmental healthy alternative. This paper provides useful and necessary information to implement regulations on the use of new compounds entering the market and its associated risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Florencia Bahl
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIM), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Members of the "Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas" (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julie Céline Brodeur
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales (CIRN), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Members of the "Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas" (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Salgado Costa
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIM), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Members of the "Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas" (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Florencia D'Andrea
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales (CIRN), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Members of the "Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas" (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jesica Alejandra Sansiñena
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIM), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Members of the "Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas" (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Damián José Marino
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIM), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Members of the "Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas" (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Sebastián Natale
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIM), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Members of the "Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas" (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Lan J, Zhao H, Jin X, Guan H, Song Y, Fan Y, Diao X, Wang B, Han Q. Development of a monoclonal antibody-based immunoaffinity chromatography and a sensitive immunoassay for detection of spinosyn A in milk, fruits, and vegetables. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Hakme E, Lozano A, Ferrer C, Díaz-Galiano F, Fernández-Alba A. Analysis of pesticide residues in olive oil and other vegetable oils. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Wang J, He Z, Wang L, Xu Y, Peng Y, Liu X. Automatic single-step quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe sample preparation devices for analysis of pesticide residues in foods. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1521:10-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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7
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Dasenaki ME, Bletsou AA, Hanafi AH, Thomaidis NS. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric methods for the determination of spinosad, thiacloprid and pyridalyl in spring onions and estimation of their pre-harvest interval values. Food Chem 2016; 213:395-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.06.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Ma F, Wu R, Li P, Yu L. Analytical approaches for measuring pesticides, mycotoxins and heavy metals in vegetable oils: A review. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ma
- Oil Crops Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Agricultural; Wuhan P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops; Ministry of Agriculture; Wuhan P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins; Ministry of Agriculture; Wuhan P. R. China
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan); Ministry of Agriculture; Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Rao Wu
- Oil Crops Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Agricultural; Wuhan P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops; Ministry of Agriculture; Wuhan P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins; Ministry of Agriculture; Wuhan P. R. China
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan); Ministry of Agriculture; Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Agricultural; Wuhan P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops; Ministry of Agriculture; Wuhan P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins; Ministry of Agriculture; Wuhan P. R. China
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan); Ministry of Agriculture; Wuhan P. R. China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products; Ministry of Agriculture; Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Li Yu
- Oil Crops Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Agricultural; Wuhan P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops; Ministry of Agriculture; Wuhan P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins; Ministry of Agriculture; Wuhan P. R. China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products; Ministry of Agriculture; Wuhan P. R. China
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Zhao F, Zhang C, Yin J, Shen Y, Lu W. Coupling of Spinosad Fermentation and Separation Process via Two-Step Macroporous Resin Adsorption Method. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 176:2144-56. [PMID: 26077683 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1704-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a two-step resin adsorption technology was investigated for spinosad production and separation as follows: the first step resin addition into the fermentor at early cultivation period to decrease the timely product concentration in the broth; the second step of resin addition was used after fermentation to adsorb and extract the spinosad. Based on this, a two-step macroporous resin adsorption-membrane separation process for spinosad fermentation, separation, and purification was established. Spinosad concentration in 5-L fermentor increased by 14.45 % after adding 50 g/L macroporous at the beginning of fermentation. The established two-step macroporous resin adsorption-membrane separation process got the 95.43 % purity and 87 % yield for spinosad, which were both higher than that of the conventional crystallization of spinosad from aqueous phase that were 93.23 and 79.15 % separately. The two-step macroporous resin adsorption method has not only carried out the coupling of spinosad fermentation and separation but also increased spinosad productivity. In addition, the two-step macroporous resin adsorption-membrane separation process performs better in spinosad yield and purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglong Zhao
- Department of Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
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10
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Liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of twenty multi-class pesticide residues in cashew. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Yáñez KP, Martín MT, Bernal JL, Nozal MJ, Bernal J. Determination of spinosad at trace levels in bee pollen and beeswax with solid-liquid extraction and LC-ESI-MS. J Sep Sci 2013; 37:204-10. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201301069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen P. Yáñez
- IU CINQUIMA; Analytical Chemistry Group; University of Valladolid; Valladolid Spain
| | - María T. Martín
- IU CINQUIMA; Analytical Chemistry Group; University of Valladolid; Valladolid Spain
| | - José L. Bernal
- IU CINQUIMA; Analytical Chemistry Group; University of Valladolid; Valladolid Spain
| | - María J. Nozal
- IU CINQUIMA; Analytical Chemistry Group; University of Valladolid; Valladolid Spain
| | - José Bernal
- IU CINQUIMA; Analytical Chemistry Group; University of Valladolid; Valladolid Spain
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Liu Y, Shen D, Mo R, Zhong D, Tang F. Simultaneous determination of 15 multiresidue organophosphorous pesticides in camellia oil by MSPD-GC-MS. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2013; 90:274-279. [PMID: 23248034 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-012-0932-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A one step method based on matrix solid-phase dispersion for simultaneous determination of 15 organophosphorous pesticide residues in camellia oil was developed. The sample preparation could finish in 5 min without extraction procedure, and then analyzed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. Average recoveries ranged between 73.2 % and 108.6 %, with relative standard deviation values (intra-day and inter-day) lower than 16 % at two concentration levels. The method limit of detection was 5 ng/g, which could meet the regulatory maximum residue limits for the pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Liu
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, 311400, People's Republic of China
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13
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Liu Y, Shen D, Mo R, Tang F. Optimization of a One-Step Method for the Multiresidue Determination of Organophosphorous Pesticides in Camellia Oil. J Food Sci 2013; 78:T372-6. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Liu
- Research Inst. of Subtropical Forestry; Chinese Academy of Forestry; Fuyang; 311400; P. R. China
| | - Danyu Shen
- Research Inst. of Subtropical Forestry; Chinese Academy of Forestry; Fuyang; 311400; P. R. China
| | - Runhong Mo
- Research Inst. of Subtropical Forestry; Chinese Academy of Forestry; Fuyang; 311400; P. R. China
| | - Fubin Tang
- Research Inst. of Subtropical Forestry; Chinese Academy of Forestry; Fuyang; 311400; P. R. China
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Liu Y, Shen D, Tang F. Multiresidue determination of organophorous pesticides in camellia oil by matrix solid-phase dispersion followed by GC-FPD. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2012; 89:1057-1061. [PMID: 22996650 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-012-0818-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel analytical approach has been developed and evaluated for the quantitative analysis of 15 organophorous pesticides residues in camellia oils. The proposed methodology is based on acetonitrile/water (3:1, V/V) extraction, followed by matrix solid-phase dispersion, using aminopropyl as dispersant material. Then gas chromatography-flame photometric detection was applied for the pesticide residue analysis. The optimal sorbent quantity was studied. The results demonstrated that the method achieved acceptable quantitative recoveries of 71.5%-104.2% with relative standard deviations <19%, and the method limit of detection at or below the regulatory maximum residue limits for the pesticides were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Liu
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang 311400, People's Republic of China
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Lv J, Li Y, Jin H, Shi Y, Xia Q, Yang Y. Solid-Phase Extraction Combined with UHPLC-MS/MS Method for Determination of Remifentanil in Human Whole Blood. ANAL LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2012.673096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Jiang Y, Li Y, Jiang Y, Li J, Pan C. Determination of multiresidues in rapeseed, rapeseed oil, and rapeseed meal by acetonitrile extraction, low-temperature cleanup, and detection by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:5089-5098. [PMID: 22551191 DOI: 10.1021/jf3004064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A multiresidue method for determining pesticides in rapeseed, rapeseed oil, and rapeseed meal by use of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is developed. Samples were extracted with acetonitrile or acidified acetonitrile and cleaned up by a 12 h freezing step. The recovery data were obtained by spiking blank samples at three concentration levels. The recoveries of 27 selected pesticides in rapeseed, rapeseed oil, and rapeseed meal were in the range of 70-118%, at the concentration level of 10 μg kg(-1), with intraday and interday precisions of lower than 22 and 27%, respectively. Linearity was studied between 2 and 500 μg L(-1) with determination coefficients (R(2)) of higher than 0.98 for all compounds in the three matrices. The limits of quantitation (LOQs) of pesticides in rapeseed, rapeseed oil, and rapeseed meal ranged from 0.3 to 18 μg kg(-1). The n-octanol-water partition coefficient showed more influence than water solubility in extracting pesticides by acetonitrile from matrices of high fat content. This method was successfully applied for routine analysis in commercial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Jiang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100094, China
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Angioni A, Porcu L, Pirisi F. LC/DAD/ESI/MS method for the determination of imidacloprid, thiacloprid, and spinosad in olives and olive oil after field treatment. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:11359-11366. [PMID: 21942716 DOI: 10.1021/jf2028363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The behavior in the field and the transfer from olives to olive oil during the technological process of imidacloprid, thiacloprid, and spinosad were studied. The extraction method used was effective in extracting the analytes of interest, and no interfering peaks were detected in the chromatogram. The residue levels found in olives after treatment were 0.14, 0.04, and 0.30 mg/kg for imidacloprid, thiacloprid, and spinosad, respectively, far below the maximum residue levels (MRLs) set for these insecticides in EU. At the preharvest interval (PHI), no residue was detected for imidacloprid and thiacloprid, while spinosad showed a residue level of 0.04 mg/kg. The study of the effect of the technological process on pesticide transfer in olive oil showed that these insecticides tend to remain in the olive cake. The LC/DAD/ESI/MS method showed good performance with adequate recoveries ranging from 80 to 119% and good method limits of quantitation (LOQs) and of determination (LODs). No matrix effect was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Angioni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
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