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Wahabi S, Rtibi K, Brinsi C, Jridi M, Sebai H. Overweight/bowel dysmotility crosslinking and analogous laxative actions of two edible wild fruits in obese/constipated rats. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2024:e14933. [PMID: 39344995 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prompt development of obesity/constipation is the most serious problem for both children and adults. Limited studies suggested an association between them but lacked preclinical studies. This study allows to evaluate their crosslink and to compare the aqueous extracts laxative actions of two edible wild fruits of Arbutus unedo (AUAE) and Crataegus monogyna (CMAE) in constipated high-fat diet (HFD) rats. METHODS Wistar rats were divided into experimental groups for 13 weeks: standard (SD) and HFD groups. SD-rats were randomly redivided into 2 groups: SD and SD + Loperamide (LOP, 3 mg/kg, b.w.). HFD-rats were randomly reseparated into HFD-group, (HFD + LOP)-group, [HFD + Yohimbine (YOH, 2 mg/kg, b.w.)]-group, [HFD+ LOP]-groups+ various doses of AUAE or CMAE (75, 150, and 300 mg/kg, b.w.). Diversified indicators were investigated to achieve the expected objectives, including; fecal parameters, gastrointestinal transit (GIT), gastric emptying (GE), oxidative stress-(OxS), blood biochemical analysis, and accompanied small/large bowel histological modification. KEY RESULTS The liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) analysis of AUAE and CMAE allowed the identification of 11 and 6 phenolic compounds, respectively. In HFD-rats, the subsequent dysregulation of GI motility was markedly aggravated. More importantly, with the same way (CMAE and AUAE)-treated groups showed alleviated outcomes for the following: most stool parameters, GIT, and GE were remarkably recovered; a similar recovery pattern was observed in the histopathological structure, OxS, and blood biochemical indicators. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Our results experimentally confirmed the crosslink between overweight and constipation and both fruits have potential as functional foods to reduce metabolic risk of the obesity associated with bowel dysmotility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumaya Wahabi
- University of Jendouba, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, LR: Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Kais Rtibi
- University of Jendouba, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, LR: Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Chirine Brinsi
- University of Jendouba, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, LR: Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Mourad Jridi
- University of Jendouba, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, LR: Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- University of Jendouba, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, LR: Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Beja, Tunisia
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Piras A, Porcedda S, Smeriglio A, Trombetta D, Nieddu M, Piras F, Sogos V, Rosa A. Chemical Composition, Nutritional, and Biological Properties of Extracts Obtained with Different Techniques from Aronia melanocarpa Berries. Molecules 2024; 29:2577. [PMID: 38893452 PMCID: PMC11173777 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the chemical composition, nutritional, and biological properties of extracts obtained from A. melanocarpa berries using different extraction methods and solvents. Hydrodistillation and supercritical fluid extraction with CO2 allowed us to isolate fruit essential oil (HDEX) and fixed oil (SFEEX), respectively. A phenol-enriched extract was obtained using a mild ultrasound-assisted maceration with methanol (UAMM). The HDEX most abundant component, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), was italicene epoxide (17.2%), followed by hexadecanoic acid (12.4%), khusinol (10.5%), limonene (9.7%), dodecanoic acid (9.7%), and (E)-anethole (6.1%). Linoleic (348.9 mg/g of extract, 70.5%), oleic (88.9 mg/g, 17.9%), and palmitic (40.8 mg/g, 8.2%) acids, followed by α-linolenic and stearic acids, were the main fatty acids in SFEEX determined using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector and an evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-DAD/ELSD). HPLC-DAD analyses of SFEEX identified β-carotene as the main carotenoid (1.7 mg/g), while HPLC with fluorescence detection (FLU) evidenced α-tocopherol (1.2 mg/g) as the most abundant tocopherol isoform in SFEEX. Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-MS (LC-ESI-MS) analysis of UAMM showed the presence of quercetin-sulfate (15.6%, major component), malvidin 3-O-(6-O-p-coumaroyl) glucoside-4-vinylphenol adduct (pigment B) (9.3%), di-caffeoyl coumaroyl spermidine (7.6%), methyl-epigallocatechin (5.68%), and phloretin (4.1%), while flavonoids (70.5%) and phenolic acids (23.9%) emerged as the most abundant polyphenol classes. UAMM exerted a complete inhibition of the cholesterol oxidative degradation at 140 °C from 75 μg of extract, showing 50% protection at 30.6 μg (IA50). Furthermore, UAMM significantly reduced viability (31-48%) in A375 melanoma cells in the range of 500-2000 μg/mL after 96 h of incubation (MTT assay), with a low toxic effect in normal HaCaT keratinocytes. The results of this research extend the knowledge of the nutritional and biological properties of A. melanocarpa berries, providing useful information on specific extracts for potential food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Piras
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SP 8, Monserrato-Sestu km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy;
| | - Silvia Porcedda
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SP 8, Monserrato-Sestu km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy;
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Enviromental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, SI, Italy; (A.S.); (D.T.)
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Enviromental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, SI, Italy; (A.S.); (D.T.)
| | - Mariella Nieddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, km 4.5, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (M.N.); (V.S.)
| | - Franca Piras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, km 4.5, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (M.N.); (V.S.)
| | - Valeria Sogos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, km 4.5, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (M.N.); (V.S.)
| | - Antonella Rosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, km 4.5, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (M.N.); (V.S.)
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Wang X, Wang T, Yu P, Li Y, Lv X. NO enhances the adaptability to high-salt environments by regulating osmotic balance, antioxidant defense, and ion homeostasis in eelgrass based on transcriptome and metabolome analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1343154. [PMID: 38384762 PMCID: PMC10880190 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1343154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Eelgrass is a typical marine angiosperm that exhibits strong adaptability to high-salt environments. Previous studies have shown that various growth and physiological indicators were significantly affected after the nitrate reductase (NR) pathway for nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in eelgrass was blocked. Methods To analyze the molecular mechanism of NO on the adaptability to high-salt environment in eelgrass, we treated eelgrass with artificial seawater (control group) and artificial seawater with 1 mM/L Na2WO4 (experimental group). Based on transcriptomics and metabolomics, we explored the molecular mechanism of NO affecting the salt tolerance of eelgrass. Results We obtained 326, 368, and 859 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by transcriptome sequencing in eelgrass roots, stems, and leaves, respectively. Meanwhile, we obtained 63, 52, and 36 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) by metabolomics in roots, stems, and leaves, respectively. Finally, through the combined analysis of transcriptome and metabolome, we found that the NO regulatory mechanism of roots and leaves of eelgrass is similar to that of terrestrial plants, while the regulatory mechanism of stems has similar and unique features. Discussion NO in eelgrass roots regulates osmotic balance and antioxidant defense by affecting genes in transmembrane transport and jasmonic acid-related pathways to improve the adaptability of eelgrass to high-salt environments. NO in eelgrass leaves regulates the downstream antioxidant defense system by affecting the signal transduction of plant hormones. NO in the stems of eelgrass regulates ion homeostasis by affecting genes related to ion homeostasis to enhance the adaptability of eelgrass to high-salt environments. Differently, after the NO synthesis was inhibited, the glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, as well as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, was regulated by glucose metabolism as a complementary effect to cope with the high-salt environment in the stems of eelgrass. These are studies on the regulatory mechanism of NO in eelgrass, providing a theoretical basis for the study of the salt tolerance mechanism of marine plants and the improvement of terrestrial crop traits. The key genes discovered in this study can be applied to increase salt tolerance in terrestrial crops through cloning and molecular breeding methods in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyan Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | | | - Pei Yu
- Shandong University-Australian National University (SDU-ANU) Joint Science College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Yuchun Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Xinfang Lv
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
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Liu H, Li X, Zhang K, Lv X, Zhang Q, Chen P, Wang Y, Zhao J. Integrated multi-omics reveals the beneficial role of chlorogenic acid in improving the growth performance and immune function of immunologically stressed broilers. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 14:383-402. [PMID: 37635925 PMCID: PMC10448031 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Intensive production can cause immunological stress in commercial broilers. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) regulates the intestinal microbiota, barrier function, and immune function in chickens. As complex interrelations regulate the dynamic interplay between gut microbiota, the host, and diverse health outcomes, the aim of this study was to elucidate the immunoregulatory mechanisms of CGA using multi-omics approaches. A total of 240 one-day-old male broilers were assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial design with 2 CGA levels (0 or 500 mg/kg) either with or without dexamethasone (DEX) injection for a 21-day experimental period. Therefore, there were 4 dietary treatments: control, DEX, CGA, and DEX + CGA, with 6 replicates per treatment. CGA supplementation improved (P < 0.05) growth performance, jejunal morphology, jejunal barrier function, and immune function in DEX-treated broilers. Moreover, in DEX + CGA-treated broilers, the increase in gut microbiome diversity (P < 0.05) was consistent with a change in taxonomic composition, especially in the Clostridiales vadin BB60_group. Additionally, the levels of short-chain fatty acids increased remarkably (P < 0.01) after CGA supplementation. This was consistent with the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis results that the "pyruvate fermentation to butanoate" pathway was more enriched (P < 0.01) in the DEX + CGA group than in the DEX group. Proteomics revealed that CGA treatment increased the expression of several health-promoting proteins, thymosin beta (TMSB4X) and legumain (LGMN), which were verified by multiple reaction monitoring. Metabolomics revealed that CGA treatment increased the expression of health-promoting metabolites (2,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid and homogentisic acid). Proteomic and metabolic analyses showed that CGA treatment regulated the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Western blotting results support these findings. Pearson's correlation analyses showed correlations (P < 0.01) between altered immune function, jejunal barrier function, different microbiota, proteins, and metabolites parameters. Overall, our data indicate that CGA treatment increased growth performance and improved the immunological functions of DEX-treated broilers by regulating gut microbiota and the PPAR and MAPK pathways. The results offer novel insights into a CGA-mediated improvement in immune function and intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiaoguo Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Quanwei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jinshan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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Choudhary P, Tushir S, Bala M, Sharma S, Sangha MK, Rani H, Yewle NR, Kumar P, Singla D, Chandran D, Kumar M, Mekhemar M. Exploring the Potential of Bee-Derived Antioxidants for Maintaining Oral Hygiene and Dental Health: A Comprehensive Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1452. [PMID: 37507990 PMCID: PMC10375990 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey bee products comprise various compounds, including honey, propolis, royal jelly, bee pollen, bee wax and bee venom, which have long been recognized for their pharmacological and health-promoting benefits. Scientists have discovered that periodontal disorders stem from dental biofilm, an inflammatory response to bacterial overgrowth produced by dysbiosis in the oral microbiome. The bee products have been investigated for their role in prevention of oral diseases, which are attributed to a myriad of biologically active compounds including flavonoids (pinocembrin, catechin, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and galangin), phenolic acids (hydroxybenzoic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid, p-coumaric, ellagic, caffeic and ferulic acids) and terpenoids. This review aims to update the current understanding of role of selected bee products, namely, honey, propolis and royal jelly, in preventing oral diseases as well as their potential biological activities and mechanism of action in relation to oral health have been discussed. Furthermore, the safety of incorporation of bee products is also critically discussed. To summarize, bee products could potentially serve as a therapy option for people suffering from a variety of oral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Choudhary
- Department of Agricultural Structures and Environment Control, ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Surya Tushir
- Department of Agricultural Structures and Environment Control, ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Manju Bala
- Department of Food Grain and Oilseed Processing, ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Sanjula Sharma
- Oilseeds Section, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Manjeet Kaur Sangha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Heena Rani
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | | | - Parminder Kumar
- Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Diksha Singla
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Deepak Chandran
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Government of Kerala, Palakkad 679335, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Mohamed Mekhemar
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrecht's University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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Identification of a Novel Coumarins Biosynthetic Pathway in the Endophytic Fungus Fusarium oxysporum GU-7 with Antioxidant Activity. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0160122. [PMID: 36598487 PMCID: PMC9888266 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01601-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coumarins are generally considered to be produced by natural plants. Fungi have been reported to produce coumarins, but their biosynthetic pathways are still unknown. In this study, Fusarium oxysporum GU-7 and GU-60 were isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and their antioxidant activities were determined to be significantly different. Abundant dipeptide, phenolic acids, and the plant-derived coumarins fraxetin and scopoletin were identified in GU-7 by untargeted metabolomics, and these compounds may account for its stronger antioxidant activity compared to GU-60. Combined with metabolome and RNA sequencing analysis, we identified 24 potentially key genes involved in coumarin biosynthesis and 6 intermediate metabolites. Interestingly, the best hit of S8H, a key gene involved in hydroxylation at the C-8 position of scopoletin to yield fraxetin, belongs to a plant species. Additionally, nondestructive infection of G. uralensis seeds with GU-7 significantly improved the antioxidant activity of seedlings compared to the control group. This antioxidant activity may depend on the biological characteristics of endophytes themselves, as we observed a positive correlation between the antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi and that of their nondestructively infected seedlings. IMPORTANCE Plant-produced coumarins have been shown to play an important role in assembly of the plant microbiomes and iron acquisition. Coumarins can also be produced by some microorganisms. However, studies on coumarin biosynthesis in microorganisms are still lacking. We report for the first time that fraxetin and scopoletin were simultaneously produced by F. oxysporum GU-7 with strong free radical scavenging abilities. Subsequently, we identified intermediate metabolites and key genes in the biosynthesis of these two coumarins. This is the first report on the coumarin biosynthesis pathway in nonplant species, providing new strategies and perspectives for coumarin production and expanding research on new ways for plants to obtain iron.
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Jurič A, Brčić Karačonji I, Gašić U, Milojković Opsenica D, Prđun S, Bubalo D, Lušić D, Vahčić N, Kopjar N. Protective Effects of Arbutus unedo L. Honey in the Alleviation of Irinotecan-Induced Cytogenetic Damage in Human Lymphocytes-An In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031903. [PMID: 36768223 PMCID: PMC9916164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) honey (STH) has been used since ancient times as a folk medicine remedy, especially in certain Mediterranean countries. This honey, rich in phenolic content, is well recognized for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities, and is used for the treatment of skin lesions as well as gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders. This study investigated whether STH alleviates genome damage in human peripheral blood lymphocytes produced by the cytotoxic drug irinotecan. The phenolic profile of STH was previously estimated by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a linear ion trap-Orbitrap hybrid mass spectrometer. The effects of STH were evaluated at three concentrations (1×, 5×, and 10×), based on the daily consumption of the honey by an adult person. After 2 h of in vitro exposure, standard lymphocyte cultures for the analysis of chromosome aberrations and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay were established. Our results demonstrate that STH offered remarkable geno- and cytoprotection when administered with irinotecan. These findings are relevant for drawing preliminary conclusions regarding the in vitro safety of the tested honey. However, further studies are needed with the application of more complex experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreja Jurič
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Brčić Karačonji
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Viktora Cara Emina 5, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Correspondence:
| | - Uroš Gašić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Saša Prđun
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dragan Bubalo
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dražen Lušić
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Viktora Cara Emina 5, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Nada Vahčić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nevenka Kopjar
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Caredda M, Mara A, Ciulu M, Floris I, Pilo MI, Spano N, Sanna G. Use of genetic algorithms in the wavelength selection of FT-MIR spectra to classify unifloral honeys from Sardinia. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Morales D. Use of Strawberry Tree ( Arbutus unedo) as a Source of Functional Fractions with Biological Activities. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233838. [PMID: 36496646 PMCID: PMC9736438 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbutus unedo, commonly named 'strawberry tree' (ST), is a Mediterranean native plant that represents a relevant source of biologically active fractions and compounds. ST fruits, traditionally used with culinary and medicinal purposes, along with other components (leaves, roots, honeys, etc.), have been subjected to varied extraction procedures to obtain enriched and bioactive products. This work reviewed the scientific literature, searching for studies that evaluated the potential health implications of ST fractions and attending to the tested biological activities (antioxidant, antiproliferative, hypoglycemic, immune-modulatory, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, etc.), the part of the tree, the experimental model, the specific bioactive compounds and the selected extraction protocol. Furthermore, the strengths and weaknesses of the current state of the published evidence were critically analysed. Although in vitro results demonstrated the potential of ST fractions, further research is encouraged in order to obtain in vivo evidence (animal and clinical studies), assess additional activities (hypocholesterolemic, microbiome-modulatory), maximize the use of advanced extraction technologies, purify and isolate specific bioactive compounds and broaden the analysis investigating phenolic and non-phenolic molecules and their bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Morales
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Hernanz D, Palomar MÁ, Moujanni A, Essamadi A, Heredia FJ, Terrab A. Phenolic compounds and color of labeled resin spurge honey and their correlations with pollen content. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chemical characterization, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of hydroalcoholic extract from the albedo and flavedo of Citrus limon var. pompia Camarda. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01659-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDue to the high nutritional value as well as the appreciated sensory characteristic Citrus crop is one of the most popular fruits over the world. Albedo and flavedo are commonly discarded as waste and could represent an important by-product of food industry. In a circular economy contest we carried out a characterization of albedo and flavedo of Citrus limon var pompia (pompia) followed by the evaluation of antioxidant potential and cytotoxic activity. The chemical analysis showed the presence of several functional ingredients such as the flavanones, naringin, neohesperidin, nereriocitrin and hesperidin while quinic acid resulted the main phenolic acid detected. The flavedo extract exerted a complete inhibition of the cholesterol oxidative process from 25 μg of extract. Pompia extracts showed an inhibition of lipid oxidation in the β-carotene-linoleate system with an activity equivalent to about 0.31% (albedo) and 0.34% (flavedo) of the BHT activity, while the antiradical activity resulted equivalent to that of 62.90% (albedo) and 60.72% (flavedo) of the trolox activity. Finally, all extracts did not show any cytotoxic effect on differentiated Caco-2 cells by the AlamarBlue assay while exhibited, by MTT assay, a significant decrease in colon cancer Caco-2 cell viability.
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Cytotoxic activity of strawberry tree ( Arbutus unedo L.) honey, its extract, and homogentisic acid on CAL 27, HepG2, and Caco-2 cell lines. ARHIV ZA HIGIJENU RADA I TOKSIKOLOGIJU 2022; 73:158-168. [PMID: 35792769 PMCID: PMC9287835 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2022-73-3653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) honey (STH), also known as “bitter honey”, is a traditional medicine widely used in the Mediterranean area. Regardless of geographical origin, it usually has a very high content of phenolic compounds and strong antioxidant capacity. Yet, little is still known about the effects of STH, its phenolic extract (STHE), and its main bioactive compound – homogentisic acid (HGA) – at the cell level. The aim of this study was to estimate total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power of STH made in Croatia and investigate cytotoxic and pro-oxidative effects of STH, STHE and HGA on three human cell lines: tongue squamous cell carcinoma (CAL 27), hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), and epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) cells. These substances were tested at four concentrations (0.5–5× average human daily intake of STH) and over 30 min and 1 and 2 h. Croatian STH had a total phenolic content of 1.67 g gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per kg of honey, DPPH radical scavenging activity of 2.96 mmol Trolox equivalents (TE) per kg of honey, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of 13.5 mmol Fe2+ per kg of honey. Our results show no clear and consistent time- or concentration-dependent cytotoxicity in any of the cell lines. ROS levels in all the three cell types at almost all exposure times were not significantly higher than control. The most important observation is that the tested substances have low cytotoxicity and high biocompatibility, regardless of concentration, which is a good starting point for further research of their biological effects in other models.
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Jurič A, Brčić Karačonji I, Kopjar N. Homogentisic acid, a main phenolic constituent of strawberry tree honey, protects human peripheral blood lymphocytes against irinotecan-induced cytogenetic damage in vitro. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 349:109672. [PMID: 34560068 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Homogentisic acid (HGA) is the most abundant phenolic compound in strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) honey and an intermediate in the metabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine. Since HGA exerts its dual nature (pro-oxidant and antioxidant), which depends on the concentration and cell type, the aim of study was to determine whether HGA possess cytoprotective effects and could counteract the cyto- and genotoxic effects of the antineoplastic drug irinotecan (IRI). Tested concentrations corresponded to HGA content in average daily dose of strawberry tree honey as well as five- and ten-fold higher concentrations. Cyto- and genoprotective effects were tested on human peripheral blood lymphocytes using chromosomal aberrations assay and cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay. HGA, even at concentrations 10-fold higher than the one present in the daily amount of consumed strawberry tree honey, posed a non-significant cytotoxic threat to lymphocytes, had a negligible potential for causing cytogenetic damage in treated cells, and did not significantly impair their proliferation. Results of the chromosomal aberration assay and CBMN Cyt assay also showed that HGA efficiently counteracted the detrimental cytogenetic effects of IRI in vitro. The finding on cyto- and genoprotective effects of HGA merits further research in order to better explain the safety profile of this compound and to assess its potency for the development of novel nutraceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreja Jurič
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Brčić Karačonji
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia; Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Nevenka Kopjar
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
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Monofloral Honeys as a Potential Source of Natural Antioxidants, Minerals and Medicine. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071023. [PMID: 34202118 PMCID: PMC8300703 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: vegetative diversity is based on different climate and geographical origins. In terms of beekeeping, herbal diversity is strongly correlated to the production of a wide variety of honey. Therefore, based on the existing plant diversity in each country, multiple honey varieties are produced with different health characteristics. While beekeeping potential and consumption preferences are reflected in products’ variety, this leads to an increase in the region’s economy and extensive export. In the last years, monofloral honey has gained interest from consumers and especially in the medicinal field due to the presence of phytochemicals which are directly linked to health benefits, wound healing, antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Scope and approach: this review aims to highlight the physicochemical properties, mineral profiles and antioxidant activities of selected monofloral honeys based on their botanical and geographical origin. Moreover, this review focuses on the intercorrelation between monofloral honey’s antioxidant compounds and in vitro and in vivo activities, focusing on the apoptosis and cell proliferation inhibition in various cell lines, with a final usage of honey as a potential therapeutic product in the fight towards reducing tumor growth. Key findings and conclusions: multiple studies have demonstrated that monofloral honeys have different physicochemical structures and bioactive compounds. Useful chemical markers to distinguish between monofloral honeys were evidenced, such as: 2-methoxybenzoic acid and trimethoxybenzoic acid are distinctive to Manuka honey while 4-methoxyphenylacetic acid is characteristic to Kanuka honey. Furthermore, resveratrol, epigallocatechin and pinostrobin are markers distinct to Sage honey, whereas carvacrol and thymol are found in Ziziphus honey. Due to their polyphenolic profile, monofloral honeys have significant antioxidant activity, as well as antidiabetic, antimicrobial and anticancer activities. It was demonstrated that Pine honey decreased the MDA and TBARS levels in liver, kidney, heart and brain tissues, whereas Malicia honey reduced the low-density lipoprotein level. Consumption of Clover, Acacia and Gelam honeys reduced the weight and adiposity, as well as trygliceride levels. Furthermore, the antiproliferative effect of chrysin, a natural flavone in Acacia honey, was demonstrated in human (A375) and murine (B16-F1) melanoma cell lines, whereas caffeic acid, a phenolic compound found in Kelulut honey, proves to be significant candidate in the chemoprevention of colon cancer. Based on these features, the use of hiney in the medicinal field (apitherapy), and the widespread usage of natural product consumption, is gaining interest by each year.
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Conventional and Organic Honeys as a Source of Water- and Ethanol-Soluble Molecules with Nutritional and Antioxidant Characteristics. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123746. [PMID: 34205369 PMCID: PMC8234084 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The benefits of natural honeybee products (e.g., honey, royal jelly, beeswax, propolis, beevenom and pollen) to the immune system are remarkable, and many of them are involved in the induction of antibody production, maturation of immune cells and stimulation of the immune system. The type of plants in the geographical area, climatic conditions and production method have a significantly influence on the nutritional quality of honey. However, this variability can influence consumer liking by the sensory attributes of the product. The aim of this work was to compare the most popular honeys from Poland in terms of nutritional value, organoleptic properties and antioxidant activity. In the study, five varieties of honey (honeydew, forest, buckwheat, linden and dandelion) from conventional and organic production methods were tested. The nutritional characteristics of honey samples included acidity, content of water, sugars, vitamin C, HMF and phenolics (total and flavonoids), while honey color, taste, aroma and consistency were investigated in the organoleptic characteristics. The antioxidant activity was determined in water- and ethanol-soluble honey extracts using DPPH and ORAC tests. The results showed that organoleptic and nutritional characteristics of popular Polish honeys differ significantly in relation to plant source and production method. The significant effect of honey variety on the content of HMF, saccharose and phenolics, as well as acidity and antioxidant capacity were noted. The impact of variety and variety × production method interaction was significant in the case of the content of vitamin C, glucose and fructose. A visible difference of buckwheat and forest honeys from other samples was observed. The highest content of total phenolics with antioxidant activity based on the SET mechanism was found in buckwheat honeys, while forest honeys were richer in flavonoids.
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Rosa A, Isola R, Pollastro F, Caria P, Appendino G, Nieddu M. The dietary flavonoid eupatilin attenuates in vitro lipid peroxidation and targets lipid profile in cancer HeLa cells. Food Funct 2021; 11:5179-5191. [PMID: 32436500 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00777c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Eupatilin is a dietary flavonoid isolated from the alpine wormwoods, used for the genepy liqueur production. This flavone protects cells and tissues against oxidative stress and targets cancer cells, inducing cytotoxicity, cell circle arrest, apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. This study examines the EUP in vitro antioxidant effects on cholesterol and phospholipid membrane oxidation and explores its ability to modulate the cancer cell lipid profile. This flavone remarkably protected fatty acids and cholesterol against oxidative degradation by scavenging lipoperoxyl radicals. EUP (24 h of incubation) significantly reduced viability and modulated the total lipid and fatty acid profiles in cancer HeLa cells. It induced marked changes in the phospholipid/cholesterol ratio, significant decreases in the levels of oleic and palmitic acids and a marked increase of stearic acid, involving an inhibitory effect on de novo lipogenesis and desaturation in cancer cells. Moreover, a noteworthy mitochondrial membrane depolarization, signs of apoptosis, abnormal mitosis with multi-nucleation (mitotic catastrophe) and morphological alterations were observed in cancer EUP-treated cells. Our results validate the EUP role as antioxidant agent for the treatment/prevention of disorders implicating a membrane lipid oxidative damage and substantiate cell lipid metabolism as another possible target of this dietary natural flavonoid in cancer HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Km 4.5 SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - R Isola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Km 4.5 SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - F Pollastro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - P Caria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Km 4.5 SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - G Appendino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - M Nieddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Km 4.5 SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy.
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Montoro P, D’Urso G, Kowalczyk A, Tuberoso CIG. LC-ESI/LTQ-Orbitrap-MS Based Metabolomics in Evaluation of Bitter Taste of Arbutus unedo Honey. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092765. [PMID: 34066670 PMCID: PMC8125850 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Strawberry tree honey is a high-value honey from the Mediterranean area and it is characterised by a typical bitter taste. To possibly identify the secondary metabolites responsible for the bitter taste, the honey was fractionated on a C18 column and the individual fractions were subjected to sensory analysis and then analysed by liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry in negative ion mode, using a mass spectrometer with an electrospray source coupled to a hybrid high resolution mass analyser (LC-ESI/LTQ-Orbitrap-MS). A chemometric model obtained by preliminary principal component analysis (PCA) of LC-ESI/LTQ-Orbitrap-MS data allowed the identification of the fractions that caused the perception of bitterness. Subsequently, a partial least squares (PLS) regression model was built. The studies carried out with multivariate analysis showed that unedone (2-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-4,4,8-trimethyl-1-oxaspiro [2.5] oct-7-en-6-one) can be considered responsible for the bitter taste of strawberry tree honey. Confirmation of the bitter taste of unedone was obtained by sensory evaluation of a pure standard, allowing it to be added to the list of natural compounds responsible for giving the sensation of bitterness to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Montoro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (P.M.); (G.D.)
| | - Gilda D’Urso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (P.M.); (G.D.)
| | - Adam Kowalczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Wrocław Medical University, ul. Borowska, 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Carlo Ignazio Giovanni Tuberoso
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-070-675-8644
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Floris I, Pusceddu M, Satta A. The Sardinian Bitter Honey: From Ancient Healing Use to Recent Findings. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040506. [PMID: 33805084 PMCID: PMC8064093 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sardinian bitter honey, obtained from the autumnal flowering of the strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.), has an old fame and tradition in popular use, especially as a medicine. Its knowledge dates back over 2000 years, starting from the Greeks and Romans to the present day. There are many literary references from illustrious personalities of the past such as Cicero, Horace, Virgil, and Dioscorides, until recent times, associated with the peculiar anomaly of its taste, which lends itself to literary and poetic metaphors. The curiosity of its bitter taste is also what led to the first studies starting in the late 1800s, aimed to reveal its origin. Other studies on its botanical source and characteristics have been carried out over time, up to the most recent investigations, which have confirmed its potential for use in the medical field, thanks to its antioxidant, antiradical, and cancer-preventing properties. These benefits have been associated with its phenolic component and in particular with the prevailing phenolic acid (homogentisic acid). Later, other strawberry tree honeys from the Mediterranean area have also shown the same properties. However, Sardinian bitter honey maintains its geographical and historical identity, which is recognized by other Mediterranean cultures.
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Ciulu M, Oertel E, Serra R, Farre R, Spano N, Caredda M, Malfatti L, Sanna G. Classification of Unifloral Honeys from SARDINIA (Italy) by ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy and Random Forest. Molecules 2020; 26:E88. [PMID: 33375521 PMCID: PMC7794911 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the mislabeling of honey floral origin is a very common fraudulent practice. The scientific community is intensifying its efforts to provide the bodies responsible for controlling the authenticity of honey with fast and reliable analytical protocols. In this study, the classification of various monofloral honeys from Sardinia, Italy, was attempted by means of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and random forest. Four different floral origins were considered: strawberry-tree (Arbutus Unedo L.), asphodel (Asphodelus microcarpus), thistle (Galactites tormentosa), and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus calmadulensis). Training a random forest on the infrared spectra allowed achieving an average accuracy of 87% in a cross-validation setting. The identification of the significant wavenumbers revealed the important role played by the region 1540-1175 cm-1 and, to a lesser extent, the region 1700-1600 cm-1. The contribution of the phenolic fraction was identified as the main responsible for this observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ciulu
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Elisa Oertel
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Rosanna Serra
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (N.S.); (L.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Roberta Farre
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (N.S.); (L.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Nadia Spano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (N.S.); (L.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Marco Caredda
- AGRIS Sardegna, Loc. Bonassai S.S. 291 Km 18.6, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Luca Malfatti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (N.S.); (L.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Gavino Sanna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (N.S.); (L.M.); (G.S.)
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20
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Osés SM, Nieto S, Rodrigo S, Pérez S, Rojo S, Sancho MT, Fernández-Muiño MÁ. Authentication of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) honeys from southern Europe based on compositional parameters and biological activities. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Sharma R, Martins N, Chaudhary A, Garg N, Sharma V, Kuca K, Nepovimova E, Tuli HS, Bishayee A, Chaudhary A, Prajapati PK. Adjunct use of honey in diabetes mellitus: A consensus or conundrum? Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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22
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Pauliuc D, Dranca F, Oroian M. Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic Content, Individual Phenolics and Physicochemical Parameters Suitability for Romanian Honey Authentication. Foods 2020; 9:E306. [PMID: 32182719 PMCID: PMC7142614 DOI: 10.3390/foods9030306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of honey (raspberry, mint, rape, sunflower, thyme and polyfloral) produced in Romania. The honey samples were from the 2017 to 2018 harvest and were subjected to melissopalynological analysis, alongside the determination of the following physicochemical parameters: moisture content, pH, free acidity, electrical conductivity (EC), hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content, color, total polyphenols content (TPC), flavonoids content (FC), DPPH radical scavenging activity, phenolic acids, flavonols, sugars and organic acids in order to evaluate the usefulness of this parameters for the classification of honey according to botanical origin. The results of the melissopalynological analysis revealed that five types of honey samples had a percentage of pollen grains above the minimum of 45%, which was required in order to classify the samples as monofloral honey. The total polyphenols content reached the maximum value in the case of dark honey such as mint honey, followed by raspberry, thyme and polifloral honey. Fructose, glucose, maltose, sucrose, turanose, trehalose, melesitose, and raffinose were identified and quantified in all samples. Gluconic acid was the main organic acid in the composition of all honey samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed the possibility of the botanical authentication of honey based on these physicochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mircea Oroian
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720225 Suceava, Romania; (D.P.); (F.D.)
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Tanleque-Alberto F, Juan-Borrás M, Escriche I. Antioxidant characteristics of honey from Mozambique based on specific flavonoids and phenolic acid compounds. J Food Compost Anal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2019.103377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wang K, Wan Z, Ou A, Liang X, Guo X, Zhang Z, Wu L, Xue X. Monofloral honey from a medical plant, Prunella Vulgaris, protected against dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis via modulating gut microbial populations in rats. Food Funct 2020; 10:3828-3838. [PMID: 31187840 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00460b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Honeys produced from medicinal plants hold great promise for human health. Herein, we determined the chemical composition and gastrointestinal protective effects of a novel monofloral honey from Prunella vulgaris (PVH). The physicochemical parameters (moisture, sugars, pH, protein content, diastase activity, and hydroxymethylfurfural) of the PVH samples met the criteria specified in European Union regulations and Chinese National Standards. Fifteen phenolic compounds were identified and quantified via high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector and with time of flight tandem mass spectrometry detection (HPLC-DAD/Q-TOF-MS). Rosmarinic acid was found to be a potential marker for PVH identification. Using a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute colitis model, we demonstrated that the administration of PVH (5 g per kg b.w., p.o.) significantly decreased the disease activity index and mitigated colonic histopathological changes in rats. PVH also modulated the gut microbiota composition in the colitic rats, reversing the increase in the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio and restoring Lactobacillus spp. populations in DSS-challenged rats. The results of this study provide fundamental data on PVH, supporting its future application in the prevention of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Zhengrui Wan
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Aiqun Ou
- College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xinwen Liang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Xiaoxuan Guo
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhongyin Zhang
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 4530032, China
| | - Liming Wu
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Xue
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
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Erigeron annuus Protects PC12 Neuronal Cells from Oxidative Stress Induced by ROS-Mediated Apoptosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3945194. [PMID: 31998396 PMCID: PMC6970001 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3945194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), associated with oxidative stress, are involved in many biological processes such as apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. Oxidative stress might induce neuronal damage via ROS generation, causing neurodegenerative diseases. Erigeron annuus (EA) has antioxidant properties and could protect neurons from oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of the aerial parts (EAA) and flowers (EAF) from EA on ROS-mediated apoptosis in pheochromocytoma 12 cells. We quantified 18 types of phenolic compounds using high-performance liquid chromatography. Pretreatment of the cells with EAA and EAF attenuated ROS generation and induced the expression of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase 2, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. In addition, EAF reduced the expression of apoptotic proteins such as Bax/Bcl-xL, caspase-3, and caspase-8 to a greater extent than that with EAA. These results suggested that the protective effect of EAF against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis might be due to the prevention of ROS generation mediated by oxidative enzymes.
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Extracts from Myrtle Liqueur Processing Waste Modulate Stem Cells Pluripotency under Stressing Conditions. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5641034. [PMID: 31309107 PMCID: PMC6594338 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5641034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nutraceuticals present in food are molecules able to exert biological activity for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, in form of pharmaceutical preparations, such as capsules, cream, or pills. Myrtus communis L. is a spontaneous Mediterranean evergreen shrub, widely known for the liqueur obtained from its berries rich in phytochemicals such as tannins and flavonoids. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the properties of myrtle byproducts, residual of the industrial liqueur processing, in Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) induced at oxidative stress by in vitro H2O2 treatment. Cells were exposed for 12-24 and 48h at treatment with extracts and then senescence-induced. ROS production was then determined. The real-time PCR was performed to evaluate the expression of inflammatory cytokines and sirtuin-dependent epigenetic changes, as well the modifications in terms of stem cell pluripotency. The β-galactosidase assay was conducted to analyze stem cell senescence after treatment. Our results show that industrial myrtle byproducts retain a high antioxidant and antisenescence activity, protecting cells from oxidative stress damages. The results obtained suggest that residues from myrtle liqueur production could be used as resource in formulation of food supplements or pharmaceutical preparations with antioxidant, antiaging, and anti-inflammatory activity.
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27
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Strawberry tree honey as a new potential functional food. Part 2: Strawberry tree honey increases ROS generation by suppressing Nrf2-ARE and NF-кB signaling pathways and decreases metabolic phenotypes and metastatic activity in colon cancer cells. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Afrin S, Giampieri F, Cianciosi D, Pistollato F, Ansary J, Pacetti M, Amici A, Reboredo-Rodríguez P, Simal-Gandara J, Quiles JL, Forbes-Hernández TY, Battino M. Strawberry tree honey as a new potential functional food. Part 1: Strawberry tree honey reduces colon cancer cell proliferation and colony formation ability, inhibits cell cycle and promotes apoptosis by regulating EGFR and MAPKs signaling pathways. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Otmani I, Abdennour C, Dridi A, Kahalerras L, Halima-Salem A. Characteristics of the bitter and sweet honey from Algeria Mediterranean coast. Vet World 2019; 12:551-557. [PMID: 31190710 PMCID: PMC6515822 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.551-557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to compare the physicochemical, the biochemical, and the antioxidant characteristics of unifloral bitter honey and polyfloral sweet honey. Materials and Methods Unifloral bitter and polyfloral sweet honey samples were, respectively, harvested in January and July, and then, they were extracted by the traditional method. The markers of refractive index, pH, free acidity, Brix index, density, reducing sugars, total polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) were evaluated. Results The obtained results showed that the physicochemical parameters are within the normal ranges, in which they meet the international standards (Codex Alimentarius). For biochemical constituents, matching concentrations of reducing sugars (glucose+fructose) were observed in both samples, while that of sucrose were very low in unifloral than polyfloral honey. The levels of the active ingredients showed a difference in total polyphenols and tannins of the two types of honey studied, whereas that of flavonoids were almost similar. The antioxidant activity of various samples evaluated by DPPH and FRAP indicated that unifloral has a superior activity. Conclusion Compared to polyfloral honey, unifloral bitter honey has lower sucrose, high total polyphenols, and tannins levels, in addition to higher antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Otmani
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Badji Mokhtar-Annaba, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Cherif Abdennour
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Badji Mokhtar-Annaba, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Amina Dridi
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Plant Biology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University of Badji Mokhtar-Annaba, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Labiba Kahalerras
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Badji Mokhtar-Annaba, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Abdelaziz Halima-Salem
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Badji Mokhtar-Annaba, Annaba, Algeria
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Nguyen HTL, Panyoyai N, Kasapis S, Pang E, Mantri N. Honey and Its Role in Relieving Multiple Facets of Atherosclerosis. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11010167. [PMID: 30646548 PMCID: PMC6356546 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey, a natural sweetener has been used universally as a complete food and in complementary medicine since early antiquity. Honey contains over 180 substances, including sugars mainly fructose and glucose, water and a plethora of minor constituents such as vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals. The chemical composition of honey varies depending on floral origin, environment and geographical conditions. The sugar components dominate honey composition and they are accountable for sensory and physicochemical properties in food industry. Although present in small quantities, non-sugar components are the major contributors to the health benefits of honey. Our review summarizes and discusses composition of honey, its protective effects and possible action modes on risk factors of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong Thi Lan Nguyen
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3083, Australia.
- Department of ScienceVietnam Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Postharvest Technology, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam.
| | - Naksit Panyoyai
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Rajabhat Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50300, Thailand.
| | - Stefan Kasapis
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3083, Australia.
| | - Edwin Pang
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3083, Australia.
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3083, Australia.
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31
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Tenuta MC, Tundis R, Xiao J, Loizzo MR, Dugay A, Deguin B. Arbutus species (Ericaceae) as source of valuable bioactive products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:864-881. [PMID: 30582347 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1551777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In addition to nutrients, plant foods contain compounds that may provide additional health benefits improving the quality of life. Species from Arbutus genus (Ericaceae) represent a promising source of healthy phytochemicals. Bioactive compounds including such as anthocyanins, iridoids, phenols, triterpenes, sterols, and fatty acids are reported from Arbutus species. Some Arbutus species revealed promising biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, anti-diabetic, and antimicrobial activities, and deserve for that reason further consideration for new drug discovery. However, only few species are investigated scientifically for their chemical profile and biological activities. The aim of this article is to summarize the current knowledge of the components and biological properties of Arbutus species common in Mediterranean area, as well as the future prospects on their applications as potentially valuable products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Concetta Tenuta
- a Department of Pharmacy Health and Nutritional Sciences , University of Calabria , Arcavacata Rende , Italy.,b Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, UMR CNRS 8638, Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie , Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France
| | - Rosa Tundis
- a Department of Pharmacy Health and Nutritional Sciences , University of Calabria , Arcavacata Rende , Italy
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- c Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Chinese Medicine , University of Macau Avenida da Universidade , Macau , China
| | - Monica Rosa Loizzo
- a Department of Pharmacy Health and Nutritional Sciences , University of Calabria , Arcavacata Rende , Italy
| | - Annabelle Dugay
- b Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, UMR CNRS 8638, Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie , Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France
| | - Brigitte Deguin
- b Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, UMR CNRS 8638, Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie , Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France
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32
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Validation of Internal Control Genes for Quantitative Real-Time PCR Gene Expression Analysis in Morchella. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092331. [PMID: 30213125 PMCID: PMC6225436 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The reliability of qRT-PCR results depend on the stability of reference genes used for normalization, suggesting the necessity of identification of reference genes before gene expression analysis. Morels are edible mushrooms well-known across the world and highly prized by many culinary kitchens. Here, several candidate genes were selected and designed according to the Morchella importuna transcriptome data. The stability of the candidate genes was evaluated with geNorm and NormFinder under three different experimental conditions, and several genes with excellent stability were selected. The extensive adaptability of the selected genes was tested in ten Morchella species. Results from the three experimental conditions revealed that ACT1 and INTF7 were the most prominent genes in Morchella, CYC3 was the most stable gene in different development stages, INTF4/AEF3 were the top-ranked genes across carbon sources, while INTF3/CYC3 pair showed the robust stability for temperature stress treatment. We suggest using ACT1, AEF3, CYC3, INTF3, INTF4 and INTF7 as reference genes for gene expression analysis studies for any of the 10 Morchella strains tested in this study. The stability and practicality of the gene, vacuolar protein sorting (INTF3), vacuolar ATP synthase (INTF4) and14-3-3 protein (INTF7) involving the basic biological processes were validated for the first time as the candidate reference genes for quantitative PCR. Furthermore, the stability of the reference genes was found to vary under the three different experimental conditions, indicating the importance of identifying specific reference genes for particular conditions.
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Kavanagh S, Gunnoo J, Marques Passos T, Stout JC, White B. Physicochemical properties and phenolic content of honey from different floral origins and from rural versus urban landscapes. Food Chem 2018; 272:66-75. [PMID: 30309595 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The composition of honey influences how beneficial it is to human health. This study evaluated the physiochemical properties and total phenolic content (TPC) of single vs. multi-floral Irish and selected international honeys, and whether properties varied according to hive location. Oilseed rape honey had the lowest TPC of Irish unifloral honeys. Heather honey had the highest TPC, similar to Manuka honey (Mean ± SD = 68.16 ± 2.73 and 62.43 ± 10.03 respectively), and the TPC of ivy honey was approximately half that of heather. Urban multi-floral honeys contained higher TPC (28.26 ± 13.63) than rural honeys (20.32 ± 11.54). Physiochemical properties varied according to floral origin, and whether hives were in urban or rural sites. Irish heather honey had similar physiochemical characteristics to Manuka honey. This first examination of Irish honey confirms that TPC and physiochemical properties vary with honey type and hive location, and suggests that Irish heather honey should be examined for potential health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saorla Kavanagh
- School of Chemical Sciences, DCU Water Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Jessica Gunnoo
- School of Chemical Sciences, DCU Water Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | | | - Jane C Stout
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Blánaid White
- School of Chemical Sciences, DCU Water Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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Ng KR, Lyu X, Mark R, Chen WN. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of phenolic metabolites from flavonoid-producing yeast: Potential as natural food preservatives. Food Chem 2018; 270:123-129. [PMID: 30174025 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We analysed the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of phenolic metabolites secreted from a naringenin-producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain (a GRAS organism), against the pure flavonoid naringenin and its prenylated derivatives, to assess their potential as natural food preservatives. Agar disc diffusion assay was used to analyse the antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, while DMPD chemiluminescence assay was used to analyse antioxidant activity, based on DMPD+-scavenging activity. Our results showed that the engineered yeast metabolites exhibited both strong antimicrobial and DMPD+-scavenging activity, particularly the metabolite phenylacetaldehyde. Pure naringenin had poor antimicrobial and DMPD+-scavenging effects. Prenylated varieties, 6-prenylnaringenin and 8-prenylnaringenin, inhibited only S. aureus, while only 8-prenylnaringenin exhibited moderate DMPD+-scavenging activity. Our results suggested that phenolic metabolites secreted from naringenin-producing yeast would be a sustainable source of natural food preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Rei Ng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore.
| | - Xiaomei Lyu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore.
| | - Rita Mark
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore.
| | - Wei Ning Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore.
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35
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Lee AY, Park W, Kang TW, Cha MH, Chun JM. Network pharmacology-based prediction of active compounds and molecular targets in Yijin-Tang acting on hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 221:151-159. [PMID: 29698773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Yijin-Tang (YJT) is a traditional prescription for the treatment of hyperlipidaemia, atherosclerosis and other ailments related to dampness phlegm, a typical pathological symptom of abnormal body fluid metabolism in Traditional Korean Medicine. However, a holistic network pharmacology approach to understanding the therapeutic mechanisms underlying hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis has not been pursued. AIM OF THE STUDY To examine the network pharmacological potential effects of YJT on hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis, we analysed components, performed target prediction and network analysis, and investigated interacting pathways using a network pharmacology approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on compounds in herbal medicines was obtained from public databases, and oral bioavailability and drug-likeness was screened using absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) criteria. Correlations between compounds and genes were linked using the STITCH database, and genes related to hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis were gathered using the GeneCards database. Human genes were identified and subjected to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. RESULTS Network analysis identified 447 compounds in five herbal medicines that were subjected to ADME screening, and 21 compounds and 57 genes formed the main pathways linked to hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis. Among them, 10 compounds (naringenin, nobiletin, hesperidin, galangin, glycyrrhizin, homogentisic acid, stigmasterol, 6-gingerol, quercetin and glabridin) were linked to more than four genes, and are bioactive compounds and key chemicals. Core genes in this network were CASP3, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, MMP2 and MMP9. The compound-target gene network revealed close interactions between multiple components and multiple targets, and facilitates a better understanding of the potential therapeutic effects of YJT. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacological network analysis can help to explain the potential effects of YJT for treating dampness phlegm-related diseases such as hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yeong Lee
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Park
- Bioinformatics Group, R&D Center, Insilicogen Corporation, 35, Techno 9-ro, 34027, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Kang
- Bioinformatics Group, R&D Center, Insilicogen Corporation, 35, Techno 9-ro, 34027, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ho Cha
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Mi Chun
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea.
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36
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Medina ME, Galano A, Trigos Á. Scavenging Ability of Homogentisic Acid and Ergosterol toward Free Radicals Derived from Ethanol Consumption. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:7514-7521. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b04619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel E. Medina
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo s/n, Col. Industrial Animas, Xalapa, Veracruz 91190, México
| | - Annia Galano
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Básica e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, México D. F. 09340, México
| | - Ángel Trigos
- Laboratorio de Alta Tecnología de Xalapa, Universidad Veracruzana, Calle Médicos 5, Col. Unidad del Bosque, Xalapa, Veracruz 91010, México
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Tariba Lovaković B, Lazarus M, Brčić Karačonji I, Jurica K, Živković Semren T, Lušić D, Brajenović N, Pelaić Z, Pizent A. Multi-elemental composition and antioxidant properties of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) honey from the coastal region of Croatia: Risk-benefit analysis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 45:85-92. [PMID: 29173488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of 23 major and trace elements, total phenolic content (TPC) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity were determined in nine samples of strawberry tree honey and compared to other types of unifloral honeys. The most abundant elements in strawberry tree honey were potassium, calcium, magnesium and sodium, ranging between 1276 and 2367, 95.2-154, 14.4-74.4 and 13.4-64.3mg/kg, respectively. Strawberry tree honey had generally higher TPC (range: 0.314-0.522g GA/kg) and DPPH (1.94-4.45mM TE/kg) compared to other analysed unifloral honeys. A strong positive relationship was found between TPC and DPPH, TPC and concentration of homogentisic acid (HGA), chemical marker of strawberry tree honey, and between DPPH and HGA. Regarding daily intake of essential elements, strawberry tree honey can be considered nutritionally richer than the majority of unifloral honeys available in Croatia, while contribution to tolerable intake set for potentially toxic elements was very low, corresponding to pristine areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Tariba Lovaković
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Maja Lazarus
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Irena Brčić Karačonji
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Karlo Jurica
- Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Croatia, Ulica grada Vukovara 33, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Tanja Živković Semren
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Dražen Lušić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20/1, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Nataša Brajenović
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Zdenka Pelaić
- Centre for Food Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Petra Kasandrića 3, 23000 Zadar, Croatia.
| | - Alica Pizent
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Aazza S, Elamine Y, El-Guendouz S, Lyoussi B, Antunes MD, Estevinho LM, Anjos O, Carlier JD, Costa MC, Miguel MG. Physicochemical characterization and antioxidant activity of honey with Eragrostis
spp. pollen predominance. J Food Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Smail Aazza
- Laboratory of Physiology-Pharmacology-Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, BP 1796 Atlas; University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah; Fez 30 000 Morocco
| | - Youssef Elamine
- Laboratory of Physiology-Pharmacology-Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, BP 1796 Atlas; University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah; Fez 30 000 Morocco
| | - Soukaïna El-Guendouz
- Laboratory of Physiology-Pharmacology-Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, BP 1796 Atlas; University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah; Fez 30 000 Morocco
| | - Badiâa Lyoussi
- Laboratory of Physiology-Pharmacology-Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, BP 1796 Atlas; University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah; Fez 30 000 Morocco
| | - Maria D. Antunes
- Universidade do Algarve, FCT, MeditBio, Edf 8, Campus de Gambelas 8005-139 Faro; Portugal
| | - Leticia M. Estevinho
- Departamento de Biologia e Biotecnologia, Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança; Campus Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172; Bragança 5301-855 Portugal
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology; University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar; Braga Portugal
| | - Ofélia Anjos
- IPCB - Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco; Castelo Branco 6001-909 Portugal
- Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia; Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda; Lisboa 1349-017 Portugal
| | - Jorge D. Carlier
- Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, FCT, Campus de Gambelas; Faro 8005-139 Portugal
| | - Maria C. Costa
- Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, FCT, Campus de Gambelas; Faro 8005-139 Portugal
| | - Maria G. Miguel
- Universidade do Algarve, FCT, MeditBio, Edf 8, Campus de Gambelas 8005-139 Faro; Portugal
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Soares S, Pinto D, Rodrigues F, Alves RC, Oliveira MBPP. Portuguese Honeys from Different Geographical and Botanical Origins: A 4-Year Stability Study Regarding Quality Parameters and Antioxidant Activity. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22081338. [PMID: 28800099 PMCID: PMC6152107 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Portuguese honeys (n = 15) from different botanical and geographical origins were analysed regarding their quality parameters (diastase activity, hydroxymethylfurfural content, moisture and pH), colour (L*, a*, b*) and antioxidant profile (total phenolics content, total flavonoids content, DPPH• scavenging activity, and ferric reducing power). The samples were analysed fresh and after 4-years of storage (at 25 °C and protected from light). The hydroxymethylfurfural content and diastase activity of the fresh samples were in accordance with the recommended values described in the legislation. In general, the antioxidant activity of the samples correlated more with the bioactive compounds content than with colour. The storage affected differently each individual sample, especially regarding the antioxidant profile. Nevertheless, although in general the lightness of the samples decreased (and the redness increased), after 4 years, 11 samples still presented acceptable diastase activity and hydroxymethylfurfural values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Soares
- REQUIMTE, LAQV/Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Diana Pinto
- REQUIMTE, LAQV/Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Francisca Rodrigues
- REQUIMTE, LAQV/Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rita C Alves
- REQUIMTE, LAQV/Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - M Beatriz P P Oliveira
- REQUIMTE, LAQV/Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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40
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Soares S, Amaral JS, Oliveira MBP, Mafra I. A Comprehensive Review on the Main Honey Authentication Issues: Production and Origin. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2017; 16:1072-1100. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Soares
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia; Univ. do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Joana S. Amaral
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia; Univ. do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão; Inst. Politécnico de Bragança; Bragança Portugal
| | | | - Isabel Mafra
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia; Univ. do Porto; Porto Portugal
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41
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Palmeri R, Restuccia C, Monteleone JI, Sperlinga E, Siracusa L, Serafini M, Finamore A, Spagna G. Bioactivity Improvement of Olea europaea Leaf Extract Biotransformed by Wickerhamomyces anomalus Enzymes. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 72:211-218. [PMID: 28503711 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-017-0612-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Olive leaves represent a quantitatively significant by-product of agroindustry. They are rich in phenols, mainly oleuropein, which can be hydrolyzed into several bioactive compounds, including hydroxytyrosol. In this study, water extract from olive leaves 'Biancolilla' was analyzed for polyphenol profile, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity and protective effect on differentiated Caco-2 cells. The efficacy of two enzymatic treatments in promoting the release of bioactive phenols was investigated: a) enzymatic extract from Wickerhamomyces anomalus, characterized by β-glucosidase and esterase activities; b) commercial β-glucosidase. Composition and bioactivity of the resulting extracts were compared. The results showed that the yeast-treated extract presented hydroxytyrosol content and DPPH radical scavenging activity comparable to those obtained using commercial β-glucosidase; however, it was showed the additional presence of hydroxycinnamic acids. In experiments on Caco-2 cells, the leaf extracts promoted the recovery of cell membrane barrier at different minimum effective concentrations. The high specificity of W. anomalus enzymatic extract may represent an effective tool for the release of bioactive phenols from olive by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Palmeri
- Di3A, Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 100, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Restuccia
- Di3A, Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 100, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Julieta Ines Monteleone
- Di3A, Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 100, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Elisa Sperlinga
- CNR-ICB, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126, Catania, Italy
| | - Laura Siracusa
- CNR-ICB, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126, Catania, Italy
| | - Mauro Serafini
- Functional Food and Metabolic Stress Prevention Laboratory, Faculty of BioSciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, via R. Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Alberto Finamore
- CREA NUT, Centro di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Spagna
- Di3A, Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 100, 95123, Catania, Italy
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Rosa A, Atzeri A, Nieddu M, Appendino G. New insights into the antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of arzanol and effect of methylation on its biological properties. Chem Phys Lipids 2017; 205:55-64. [PMID: 28476462 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The heterodimeric phloroglucinyl pyrone arzanol (Arz) has raised considerable interest because of its antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity. We have investigated the effect of methylation of the pyrone moiety on the antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of Arz. This manoeuvre, that left the polyphenolic moiety unscathed, was nevertheless detrimental for antioxidant activity in both the cholesterol thermal degradation- and the Cu2+-induced liposome oxidation assays, providing evidence of structure-activity relationships that go beyond the preservation of the polyphenolic pharmacophore. The antioxidant activity of Arz was retained also in the Fe-NTA model of in vivo oxidative stress, with protective effect on the oxidative degradation of plasmatic lipids, unsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol. Both Arz and methylarzanol (Me-Arz) were devoid of toxic effect on colonic differentiated Caco-2 cells up to 100μM, but significantly reduced cancer Caco-2 cell viability at lower dosages. Arz could also selectively reduce viability of other cancer cell lines, [murine melanoma cells (B16F10 cells), human cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa cells)], suggesting that it can act as a selective modulator of cell processes typical of cancer cells. Taken together, our results qualify Arz as a lead structure for further in vivo investigation of its pharmacological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Rosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, Km 4.5, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Angela Atzeri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, Km 4.5, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mariella Nieddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, Km 4.5, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Appendino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Castiglioni S, Stefano M, Astolfi P, Carloni P. Chemometric approach to the analysis of antioxidant properties and colour of typical Italian monofloral honeys. Int J Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Castiglioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie; Alimentari e Ambientali - D3A; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona 60131 Italy
| | - Mariassunta Stefano
- ASSAM, Agenzia per i Servizi nel Settore Agroalimentare delle Marche; Centro Agrochimico Regionale; Jesi AN 60035 Italy
| | - Paola Astolfi
- Dipartimento Scienze e Ingegneria della Materia, dell'Ambiente ed Urbanistica - SIMAU; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona 60131 Italy
| | - Patricia Carloni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie; Alimentari e Ambientali - D3A; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona 60131 Italy
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Strawberry-Tree Honey Induces Growth Inhibition of Human Colon Cancer Cells and Increases ROS Generation: A Comparison with Manuka Honey. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030613. [PMID: 28287469 PMCID: PMC5372629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey is a natural product known to modulate several biological activities including cancer. The aim of the present study was to examine the phytochemical content and the antioxidant activity of Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) honey (STH) and its cytotoxic properties against human colon adenocarcinoma (HCT-116) and metastatic (LoVo) cell lines in comparison with Manuka (Leptospermum scoparium) honey (MH). Several unifloral STH and MH were analyzed for their phenolic, flavonoid, amino acid and protein contents, as well as their radical scavenging activities. STH from the Berchidda area showed the highest amount of phenolic, flavonoid, amino acid and protein content, and antioxidant capacity compared to MH. Both STH and MH induced cytotoxicity and cell death in a dose- and time-dependent manner in HCT-116 and LoVo cells, with less toxicity on non-cancer cells. Compared to MH, STH showed more effect at lower concentrations on HCT-116 and LoVo cells. In addition, both honeys increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In HCT-116 cells, STH and MH induced similar ROS production but in LoVo cells STH induced a higher percentage of ROS compared to MH. Our results indicate that STH and MH can induce cell growth inhibition and ROS generation in colon adenocarcinoma and metastatic cells, which could be due to the presence of phytochemicals with antioxidant properties. These preliminary results are interesting and suggest a potential chemopreventive action which could be useful for further studies in order to develop chemopreventive agents for colon cancer.
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Santucci A, Bernardini G, Braconi D, Petricci E, Manetti F. 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase and Its Inhibition in Plants and Animals: Small Molecules as Herbicides and Agents for the Treatment of Human Inherited Diseases. J Med Chem 2017; 60:4101-4125. [PMID: 28128559 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This review mainly focuses on the physiological function of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), as well as on the development and application of HPPD inhibitors of several structural classes. Among them, one illustrative example is represented by compounds belonging to the class of triketone compounds. They were discovered by serendipitous observations on weed growth and were developed as bleaching herbicides. Informed reasoning on nitisinone (NTBC, 14), a triketone that failed to reach the final steps of the herbicidal design and development process, allowed it to become a curative agent for type I tyrosinemia (T1T) and to enter clinical trials for alkaptonuria. These results boosted the research of new compounds able to interfere with HPPD activity to be used for the treatment of the tyrosine metabolism-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Santucci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena , via A. Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia Bernardini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena , via A. Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Braconi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena , via A. Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Petricci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena , via A. Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Manetti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena , via A. Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
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Jerković I, Marijanović Z, Zekić M, Tuberoso CIG. First Report on Rare Unifloral Honey of Endemic Moltkia petraea (Tratt.) Griseb. from Croatia: Detailed Chemical Screening and Antioxidant Capacity. Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [PMID: 27718325 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Rare Moltkia petraea (Tratt.) Griseb. honey from Croatia was first time characterised. The spectrophotometric assays on CIE L*a*b*Cab *hab ° colour coordinates, total phenol content and antioxidant capacity (FRAP, CUPRAC, DPPH• and ABTS•+ assays) determined higher honey values generally close to dark honeys ranges. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) on two fibres after GC-FID and GC/MS revealed the major compounds 2-phenylacetaldehyde (12.8%; 15.6%), benzaldehyde (11.1%; 10.0%), octane (9.3%; 7.6%), nonane, propan-2-one, pentan-2-one, pentanal and nonanal (4.9%; 14.5%). Ultrasonic solvent extraction (USE) mainly isolated non-specific higher molecular compounds characteristic of the comb environment. Targeted HLPC-DAD analysis of the honey determined higher concentration of phenylalanine (212.08 mg/kg) and lumichrome (16.25 mg/kg) along with tyrosine and kojic acid. The headspace composition (chemical fingerprint) and high concentration of lumichrome can be considered particular for M. petraea honey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Jerković
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, HR-21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Zvonimir Marijanović
- Department of Food Technology, Marko Marulić Polytechnic in Knin, Petra Krešimira IV 30, HR-22300, Knin, Croatia
| | - Marina Zekić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, HR-21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Carlo I G Tuberoso
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, IT-09124, Cagliari
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Analysis of Melanin-like Pigment Synthesized from Homogentisic Acid, with or without Tyrosine, and Its Implications in Alkaptonuria. JIMD Rep 2016; 35:79-85. [PMID: 27943071 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2016_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaptonuria is an iconic disease used by Archibald Garrod to demonstrate the theory of "inborn errors of metabolism". AKU knowledge has advanced in recent years: development of an in vitro model, discovery of murine models and advances in understanding bone and cartilage phenotypes and arthropathy in AKU. These discoveries have aided in a new clinical trial into nitisinone. However, there are still knowledge gaps surrounding the pigment in AKU and the pigmentation process. We demonstrate an advance in the understanding in the kinetics and chemistry of the polymerisation of homogentisic acid (HGA) into its pigment using size-exclusion chromatography and IR spectroscopy. We compared the properties of HGA-based pigments that were freshly prepared to those stored in solution for 2 years. Our results demonstrate the importance of pH in the polymerisation process and that colour change seen in solution (analogous to AKU patient urine) is not initially due to presence of ochronotic pigment but the quinone intermediary. In addition, we observed that pigment formation from HGA can occur in the presence of tyrosine, without the inclusion of this tyrosine into the pigment. These observations have positive implications for patients with alkaptonuria; an increased understanding of the pigment polymer chemistry, the presence of an intermediary and their kinetics present more therapeutic opportunities for treating the condition, including preventing the pigment from forming, binding or reversing established pigmentation. AKU patients treated with nitisinone show elevated tyrosine levels causing side effects such as corneal opacities; our data demonstrates that elevated tyrosine levels should not contribute or add to the ochronotic pigment burden in these patients.
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Wang SL, Li HT, Zhang LJ, Lin ZH, Kuo YH. Conversion of Squid Pen to Homogentisic Acid via Paenibacillus sp. TKU036 and the Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Homogentisic Acid. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:E183. [PMID: 27754313 PMCID: PMC5082331 DOI: 10.3390/md14100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The culture supernatant of Paenibacillus sp. TKU036, a bacterium isolated from Taiwanese soils, showed high antioxidant activity (85%) when cultured in a squid pen powder (SPP)-containing medium at 37 °C for three days. Homogentisic acid (2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, HGA) was isolated and found to be the major antioxidant in the culture supernatant of the SPP-containing medium fermented by Paenibacillus sp. TKU036. Tryptophan was also present in the culture supernatant. The results of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprinting showed that HGA and tryptophan were produced via fermentation but did not pre-exist in the unfermented SPP-containing medium. Neither HGA nor tryptophan was found in the culture supernatants obtained from the fermentation of nutrient broth or other chitinous material, i.e., medium containing shrimp head powder, by Paenibacillus sp. TKU036. The production of HGA via microorganisms has rarely been reported. In this study, we found that squid pen was a potential carbon and nitrogen source for Paenibacillus sp. Tryptophan (105 mg/L) and HGA (60 mg/L) were recovered from the culture supernatant. The isolated HGA was found to have higher antioxidant activity (IC50 = 6.9 μg/mL) than α-tocopherol (IC50 = 17.6 μg/mL). The anti-inflammatory activity of the isolated HGA (IC50 = 10.14 μg/mL) was lower than that of quercetin (IC50 = 1.14 μg/mL). As a result, squid pen, a fishery processing byproduct, is a valuable material for the production of tryptophan and the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory HGA via microbial conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Lang Wang
- Life Science Development Center, Tamkang University, No. 151, Yingchuan Rd., Tamsui, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Ting Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Jie Zhang
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Zhi-Hu Lin
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Yao-Haur Kuo
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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Wang Y, Li D, Cheng N, Gao H, Xue X, Cao W, Sun L. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of vitex honey against paracetamol induced liver damage in mice. Food Funct 2016; 6:2339-49. [PMID: 26084988 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00345h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fourteen vitex honeys from China were investigated to evaluate its antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol-induced liver damage. All honey samples exhibited high total phenolic content (344-520 mg GAE per kg), total flavonoid content (19-31 mg Rutin per kg), and strong antioxidant activity in DPPH radical scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power and Ferrous ion-chelating ability. Nine phenolic acids were detected in vitex honey samples, in which caffeic acid was the main compound. Honey from Heibei Zanhuang (S2) ranked the highest antioxidant activity was orally administered to mice (5 g kg(-1), 20 g kg(-1)) for 70 days. In high-dose (20 g kg(-1)), vitex honey pretreatment resulting in significant increase in serum oxygen radical absorbance capacity (15.07%) and decrease in Cu(2+)-mediate lipoprotein oxidation (80.07%), and suppression in alanine aminotransferase (75.79%) and aspartate aminotransferase (74.52%), enhancement in the superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and reduction in malondialdehyde (36.15%) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (19.6%) formation compared with paracetamol-intoxicated group. The results demonstrated the hepatoprotection of vitex honey against paracetamol-induced liver damage might attribute to its antioxidant and/or perhaps pro-oxidative property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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Ciulu M, Spano N, Pilo MI, Sanna G. Recent Advances in the Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Unifloral Honeys. Molecules 2016; 21:451. [PMID: 27070567 PMCID: PMC6273725 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey is one of the most renowned natural foods. Its composition is extremely variable, depending on its botanical and geographical origins, and the abundant presence of functional compounds has contributed to the increased worldwide interest is this foodstuff. In particular, great attention has been paid by the scientific community towards classes of compounds like phenolic compounds, due to their capability to act as markers of unifloral honey origin. In this contribution the most recent progress in the assessment of new analytical procedures aimed at the definition of the qualitative and quantitative profile of phenolic compounds of honey have been highlighted. A special emphasis has been placed on the innovative aspects concerning the extraction procedures, along with the most recent strategies proposed for the analysis of phenolic compounds. Moreover, the centrality of validation procedures has been claimed and extensively discussed in order to ensure the fitness-for-purpose of the proposed analytical methods. In addition, the exploitation of the phenolic profile as a tool for the classification of the botanical and geographical origin has been described, pointing out the usefulness of chemometrics in the interpretation of data sets originating from the analysis of polyphenols. Finally, recent results in concerning the evaluation of the antioxidant properties of unifloral honeys and the development of new analytical approaches aimed at measuring this parameter have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ciulu
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Nadia Spano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Maria I Pilo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Gavino Sanna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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