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Ma H, Yang Y, Xu Z, Liu X, Wang F, Qiao Y, Song Y. Innovative wearable solutions: Semi-releasing ion-conductive lignin hydrogel sensors for enhanced practicability. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132142. [PMID: 38719005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The severe negative effects of impurities adhering to the external surface of wearable devices can significantly influence the signal transmission, performance, and lifespan of hydrogel sensors. Herein, we developed an ion-conducting hydrogel sensor with a strong adhesive side and a non-adhesive side, similar to a "semi-releasing material." This hydrogel, formulated using deep eutectic solvents obtained from choline chloride and acrylic acid, contained lignin. This versatile material, exhibiting properties similar to semi-releasing materials, was treated with an AlCl3 solution on one side. Additionally, the hydrogel was successfully used as a highly adhesive strain sensor for real-time monitoring of various human activity signals. Moreover, the hydrogel demonstrated excellent environmental tolerance and conductivity. Lignin extracted from wood flour endowed the hydrogel sensor with excellent adhesion energy (up to 427.1 J/m2) and UV resistance. Treatment of hydrogels with AlCl3 completely eliminated their adhesiveness, thereby enhancing fracture elongation and tensile strength. This improvement can be attributed to the absence of carboxyl groups and the formation of a metal-phenolic network. The implementation of this convenient and efficient strategy provides a more feasible approach to address challenges related to impurity adhesion and signal transmission in flexible wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Ma
- College Of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Yutong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Zesheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Xinru Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Fengqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Yingjie Qiao
- College Of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, PR China.
| | - Yongming Song
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; College of Home and Art Design, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China.
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2
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Bajpai S, Nemade PR. Silane and fluorine free facile hydrophobicization of water hyacinth biomass for oil-water separations. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142164. [PMID: 38685326 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
As the adverse effects of using plastics and perfluorinated alkyl substances become more apparent, there is a growing need for sustainable hydrophobic products. Cellulose and its derivatives are the most abundant and widely used polymers, and cellulose-based products have great potential in industries where plastics and other hydrophobic polymers are used, such as stain-resistant fabrics, food packaging, and oil-water separation applications. In this study, we extracted cellulose from water hyacinth (WH) biomass, known for its negative environmental impact, and converted it into hydrophobic cellulose. This addresses the issue of managing WH waste and creating an environmentally friendly hydrophobic material. Initially, aldehyde groups were introduced through oxidation with periodate, followed by direct octadecyl amine (ODA) grafting onto dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) via a Schiff base condensation. The resulting ODA modified cellulose (ODA-C) was dispersed in ethanol and used to coat various materials, including cotton fabric, cellulose filter paper, and packaging paper. The modified materials showed excellent hydrophobicity as measured by their water contact angles (WCAs), and the application of the coating was demonstrated for oil-water separation, stain-resistant hydrophobic fabric, and paper-based packaging materials. FTIR, XRD, and WCA analysis confirmed the successful modification of cellulose. A high separation efficiency of 99% was achieved for diesel/water separation using modified filter paper (MoFP), under gravity. On application of the coating, cotton fabric became hydrophobic and resisted staining from dye, and paper-based packaging materials became more robust by becoming water-resistant. Overall, the facile synthesis, low cost, high efficiency, and use of environmentally friendly sustainable materials make this a promising strategy for hydrophobically modifying surfaces for a wide range of applications while reducing the menace of water hyacinth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Bajpai
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai, Marathwada Campus, Jalna, 431 203, India
| | - Parag R Nemade
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai, Marathwada Campus, Jalna, 431 203, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400 019, India.
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3
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Jin J, He J, Wei X, Shen Y, Wang Y, Gao Y, Sun Q. The sulfidation behavior of zinc during microwave hydrothermal sulfidation of heavy metal-containing sludge. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2024; 74:240-252. [PMID: 38301037 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2024.2312884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The heavy metals present in the sludge can undergo a reaction with sulfur, leading to their conversion into metal sulfides through hydrothermal sulfidation. Sulfur ions, possessing a strong sulfidation capability, can operate within a wider pH range at elevated temperatures. The high temperature environment promotes the sulfidation process of zinc within heavy metal-laden sludge. Increasing the temperature of microwave hydrothermal sulfidation and extending the sulfidation duration for heavy metal-containing sludge can enhance the growth of crystal size in the artificially synthesized zinc sulfide. Zinc sulfide predominantly takes the form of ZnS, which facilitates the subsequent flotation recovery of zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxun Jin
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia He
- Safety and Environmental Protection Department, Changshu Pufa Second Thermal Energy Co. Ltd, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinqi Wei
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Shen
- Safety and Environmental Protection Department, Changshu Pufa Second Thermal Energy Co. Ltd, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Wang
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Gao
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyue Sun
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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4
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Diment D, Tkachenko O, Schlee P, Kohlhuber N, Potthast A, Budnyak TM, Rigo D, Balakshin M. Study toward a More Reliable Approach to Elucidate the Lignin Structure-Property-Performance Correlation. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:200-212. [PMID: 38112036 PMCID: PMC10777350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The correlation between lignin structure, its properties, and performance is crucial for lignin engineering in high-value products. Currently, a widespread approach is to compare lignins which differ by more than one parameter (i.e., Kraft vs organosolv vs lignosulfonates) in various applications by attributing the changes in their properties/performance specifically to a certain variable (i.e., phenolic -OH groups). Herein, we suggest a novel approach to overcome this issue by changing only one variable at a time while keeping all others constant before investigating the lignin properties/performance. Indulin AT (Ind-AT), a softwood Kraft lignin, was chosen as the model substrate for this study. Selective (analytical) lignin modifications were used to mask/convert specific functionalities, such as aliphatic (AliphOH) including benzylic -OH (BenzOH) and phenolic -OH (PhOH) groups, carboxyl groups (-COOH) and carbonyl groups (CO) via methylation, acetylation, and reduction. The selectivity and completeness of the reactions were verified by comprehensive NMR analysis (31P and 2D HSQC) of the modified preparations together with state-of-the-art molar mass (MM) characterization. Methylene blue (MB) adsorption, antioxidant activity, and glass transition temperature (Tg) were used to demonstrate and compare the properties/performance of the obtained modified lignins. We found that the contribution of different functionalities in the adsorption of MB follows the trend BenzOH > -COOH > AlipOH > PhOH. Noteworthy, benzylic -OH contributes ca. 3 and 2.3 times more than phenolic and aliphatic -OH, respectively. An 11% and 17% increase of Tg was observed with respect to the unmodified Indulin by methylating benzylic -OH groups and through reduction, respectively, while full acetylation/methylation of aliphatic and phenolic -OH groups resulted in lower Tg. nRSI experiments revealed that phenolic -OH play a crucial role in increasing the antioxidant activity of lignin, while both aliphatic -OH groups and -COOHs possess a detrimental effect, most likely due to H-bonding. Overall, for the first time, we provide here a reliable approach for the engineering of lignin-based products in high value applications by disclosing the role of specific lignin functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryna Diment
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Oleg Tkachenko
- Division
of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, 751 03, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Philipp Schlee
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Nadine Kohlhuber
- Institute
of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
(BOKU), 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Antje Potthast
- Institute
of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
(BOKU), 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Tetyana M. Budnyak
- Division
of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, 751 03, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Davide Rigo
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Mikhail Balakshin
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
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Nardella F, Prothmann J, Sandahl M, Spégel P, Ribechini E, Turner C. Native lignin extraction from soft- and hardwood by green and benign sub/supercritical fluid extraction methodologies. RSC Adv 2023; 13:21945-21953. [PMID: 37483673 PMCID: PMC10357412 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01873c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignin constitutes an impressive resource of high-value low molecular weight compounds. However, robust methods for isolation of the extractable fraction from lignocellulose are yet to be established. In this study, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and CO2-expanded liquid extraction (CXLE) were employed to extract lignin from softwood and hardwood chips. Ethanol, acetone, and ethyl lactate were investigated as green organic co-solvents in the extractions. Additionally, the effects of temperature, CO2 percentage and the water content of the co-solvent were investigated using a design of experiment approach employing full factorial designs. Ethyl lactate and acetone provided the highest gravimetric yields. The water content in the extraction mixture had the main impact on the amount of extractable lignin monomers (LMs) and lignin oligomers (LOs) while the type of organic solvent was of minor importance. The most effective extraction was achieved by using a combination of liquid CO2/acetone/water (10/72/18, v/v/v) at 60 °C, 350 bar, 30 min and 2 mL min-1 flow rate. The optimized method provided detection of 13 LMs and 6 lignin dimers (LDs) from the hardwood chips. The results demonstrate the potential of supercritical fluids and green solvents in the field of mild and bening lignin extraction from wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Nardella
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa Via G. Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Jens Prothmann
- Lund University, Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis Lund Sweden
| | - Margareta Sandahl
- Lund University, Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis Lund Sweden
| | - Peter Spégel
- Lund University, Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis Lund Sweden
| | - Erika Ribechini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa Via G. Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Charlotta Turner
- Lund University, Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis Lund Sweden
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Cheng X, Palma B, Zhao H, Zhang H, Wang J, Chen Z, Hu J. Photoreforming for Lignin Upgrading: A Critical Review. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023:e202300675. [PMID: 37455297 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Photoreforming of lignocellulosic biomass to simultaneously produce gas fuels and value-added chemicals has gradually emerged as a promising strategy to alleviate the fossil fuels crisis. Compared to cellulose and hemicellulose, the exploitation and utilization of lignin via photoreforming are still at the early and more exciting stages. This Review systematically summarizes the latest progress on the photoreforming of lignin-derived model components and "real" lignin, aiming to provide insights for lignin photocatalytic valorization from fundamental to industrial applications. Considering the complexity of lignin physicochemical properties, related analytic methods are also introduced to characterize lignin photocatalytic conversion and product distribution. We finally put forward the challenges and perspective of lignin photoreforming, hoping to provide some guidance to valorize biomass into value-added chemicals and fuels via a mild photoreforming process in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bruna Palma
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Heng Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hongguang Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jiu Wang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zhangxin Chen
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jinguang Hu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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7
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Li W, Liu J, Wu W, Yao T, Weng X, Yue X, Li F. Effect of corn straw or corncobs in total mixed ration during peri-puberty on testis development in Hu lambs. Theriogenology 2023; 201:106-115. [PMID: 36868048 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Corn straw and corncobs contain large amounts of crude fibers and are widely used in mutton sheep husbandry in northwest China. The aim of this study was to determine whether feeding with corn straw or corncobs affects lamb testis development. A total of 50 healthy Hu lamb at two-month-old (average body weight of 22.3 ± 0.1 kg) were randomly and equally divided into two groups, and the lambs were equally allocated to five pens in each group. The corn straw group (CS) received a diet containing 20% corn straw, whereas the corncobs group (CC) received a diet containing 20% corncobs. After a 77-day feeding trial, the lambs, except the heaviest and lightest in each pen, were humanely slaughtered and investigated. Results revealed no differences in body weight (40.38 ± 0.45 kg vs. 39.08 ± 0.52 kg) between the CS and CC groups. Feeding diet containing corn straw significantly (P < 0.05) increased testis weight (243.24 ± 18.78 g vs. 167.00 ± 15.20 g), testis index (0.60 ± 0.05 vs. 0.43 ± 0.04), testis volume (247.08 ± 19.99 mL vs. 162.31 ± 14.15 mL), diameter of seminiferous tubule (213.90 ± 4.91 μm vs. 173.11 ± 5.93 μm), and the number of sperm in the epididymis (49.91 ± 13.53 × 108/g vs. 19.34 ± 6.79 × 108/g) compared with those in the CC group. The RNA sequencing results showed 286 differentially expressed genes, and 116 upregulated and 170 downregulated genes were found in the CS group compared with the CC group. The genes affecting immune functions and fertility were screened out. Corn straw decreased the mtDNA relative copy number in the testis (P < 0.05). These results suggest that compared with corncobs, feeding corn straw in the early reproductive development stage of lambs increased the testis weight, diameter of seminiferous tubule and the number of cauda sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China.
| | - Jiamei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Xinjiang Wool Sheep & Cashmere Goat, Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Ting Yao
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Xiuxiu Weng
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Xiangpeng Yue
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Fadi Li
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China; Gansu Runmu Biological Engineering Co., Ltd., Yongchang, 737200, China
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8
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Mili M, Hashmi SAR, Tilwari A, Rathore SKS, Naik A, Srivastava AK, Verma S. Preparation of nanolignin rich fraction from bamboo stem via green technology: assessment of its antioxidant, antibacterial and UV blocking properties. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:416-430. [PMID: 34433389 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1973574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the preparation of nano lignin-rich fraction material via green technology from the holistic use of lignocellulosic biomass bamboo. The bamboo is first chemically treated, followed by acid precipitation to extract bamboo-derived macro lignin-rich fraction material. The nano lignin-rich fraction material was then prepared via ultrasonication technique from the extracted bamboo-derived macro lignin-rich fraction material. The confirmation of the distinct lignin functional groups in the extracted lignin-rich fractions has been done by FTIR. Surface morphology by FESEM and TEM revealed spherical nano-lignin-rich fraction materials from extracted bamboo-derived macro lignin-rich fraction materials. DPPH assays indicated that both the obtained fractions depict beneficial antioxidant characteristics. They were found to be effective in terms of their antibacterial activity against both gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) and gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (E.coli), using the disc diffusion method. These fractions have UV blocking property, and nano-lignin-rich fraction material acts as a more potential UV blocking agent than others. Thus, the nano-lignin-rich fraction material has great potential as a high antioxidant, antibacterial, and UV blocking agent useful in biomedical applications.Highlights Extraction of macro-lignin rich fraction material using chemical treatment of lignocellulosic biomass bamboo via refluxing followed by acid precipitation.Preparation of nano-lignin rich fraction material from extracted bamboo-derived macro-lignin rich fraction material via ultrasonication technique as a green technology.Structural and surface morphology of the extracted macro-lignin & nano lignin-rich fraction materials have been analyzed by XRD, FTIR, EDX, SEM and TEM.The macro lignin & nano lignin-rich fraction materials showed good antioxidant, antibacterial activity and UV-blocking properties, but the nano-lignin rich fraction material exhibited more efficient properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medha Mili
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal, India
| | - S A R Hashmi
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal, India
| | - Anita Tilwari
- Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology, MP Council of Science and Technology, Bhopal, India
| | - S K S Rathore
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal, India
| | - Ajay Naik
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal, India
| | - A K Srivastava
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal, India
| | - Sarika Verma
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal, India
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9
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Cassoni AC, Costa P, Vasconcelos MW, Pintado M. Systematic review on lignin valorization in the agro-food system: From sources to applications. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 317:115258. [PMID: 35751227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant renewable resource on earth and currently most of this biomass is considered a low-value waste. Specifically, lignin is an underrated bioresource that is mostly burned for energy production and few value-added products have been created. Since the agro-food industry produces large amounts of wastes that can be potential sources of high-quality lignin, scientific efforts should be directed to this industry. Thus, this review provides a systematic overview of the trends and evolution of research on agro-food system-derived lignin (from 2010 to 2020), including the extraction of lignin from various agro-food sources and emergent applications of lignin in the agro-food chain. Crops with the highest average production/year (n = 26) were selected as potential lignin sources. The extraction process efficiency (yield) and lignin purity were used as indicators of the raw material potential. Overall, it is notable that research interest on agro-food lignin has increased exponentially over the years, both as source (567%) and application (128%). Wheat, sugarcane, and maize are the most studied sources and are the ones that render the highest lignin yields. As for the extraction methods used, alkaline and organosolv methods are the most employed (∼50%). The main reported applications are related to lignin incorporation in polymers (∼55%) and as antioxidant (∼24%). Studies on agro-food system-derived lignin is of most importance since there are numerous possible sources that are yet to be fully valorized and many promising applications that need to be further developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Cassoni
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Costa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta W Vasconcelos
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal.
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10
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Effect of alkaline and deep eutectic solvents pretreatments on the recovery of lignin with antioxidant activity from grape stalks. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:406-414. [PMID: 35931297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Grape stalks are lignocellulosic residues that can be valorized through the extraction of lignin - an underutilized biopolymer with high potential. Two lignin extraction methods, alkaline and deep eutectic solvents (DES), were studied, and experimental designs were carried out to obtain the best extraction conditions. The defined parameters for alkaline extraction allowed the recovery of ~48 % of lignin with low purity that was further improved with an autohydrolysis pretreatment (~79 % purity; ~32 % yield). Optimum parameters of DES method rendered high purity lignin (~90 %) without the need of a pretreatment and with a better yield (50.2 % (±2.3)) than the alkaline method. Both lignin fractions presented high antioxidant activities, being close to the antioxidant capacity of BHT for DPPH scavenging. Structural analysis proved the presence of lignin in both alkaline and DES samples with similar morphology. Overall, DES method was more efficient in the extraction of lignin from grape stalks besides its greener and sustainable nature. This work is uses DES to extract lignin from this biomass while comparing it with a commonly classical method, proving that grape stalks can be used to extract lignin with a sustainable and efficient method rendering a final ingredient with value-added properties.
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11
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Lu X, Gu X, Shi Y. A review on lignin antioxidants: Their sources, isolations, antioxidant activities and various applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 210:716-741. [PMID: 35526770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lignin, a biopolymer obtained from agricultural/forestry residues or paper pulping wastewater, is rich in aromatic structure, which is central to its adoption as a candidate to natural antioxidants. Through insight into its structural features from biomass, different functional groups would influence lignin antioxidant activity, wherein phenolic content is the most important factor, hence massive studies have focused on its improvement via different pretreatments and post-processing methods. Besides, lignin nanoparticles and chemical modifications are also efficient methods to improve antioxidant activity via increasing free content and decreasing bond dissociation enthalpy of phenolic hydroxyl. Lignin samples exhibit comparable radicals scavenging ability to commercial ones, showing their potential as renewable alternatives of synthesized antioxidants. Besides, their applications have also been discussed, which demonstrates lignin potential as an inexpensive antioxidant additive and consequent improvements on multiple functionalities. This review is dedicated to summarize lignin antioxidants extracted from biomass resources, methods to improve their antioxidant activity and their applications, which is beneficial for realizing lignin valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Lu
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Gu
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
| | - Yijun Shi
- Division of Machine Elements, Luleå University of Technology, SE97187 Luleå, Sweden.
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12
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Flow-through strategy to fractionate lignin from eucalyptus with formic acid/hydrochloric solution under mild conditions. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 204:364-372. [PMID: 35149095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Formic acid is an attractive solvent for the fractionation of lignocellulose for the production of biomaterials and chemicals, while the operation conducted in a batch manner is not conducive to mass transfer in separation process. In this research, eucalyptus was fractionated with formic acid/hydrochloric solution in a flow-through reactor at 95 °C, and the structural characteristics and the composition of fractionated lignin in different stages were investigated. Results showed that the fractionation efficiency was notably improved with a flow-through reactor, as evidenced by the low solid residue yield of 49.5% and the lignin removal rate of 79.4% as compared to the batch manner. During the fractionation process, the dissolution rate of lignin decreased gradually, and the obtained lignin samples showed low molecular weight (<3000), good uniformity (<2), and high thermal stability. The structure analysis showed that β-O-4, β-β, and β-5 linkages in lignin were degraded to varying degrees with increased time, and the degradation of G units was more severe than S ones.
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13
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Eugenio ME, Martín-Sampedro R, Santos JI, Wicklein B, Ibarra D. Chemical, Thermal and Antioxidant Properties of Lignins Solubilized during Soda/AQ Pulping of Orange and Olive Tree Pruning Residues. Molecules 2021; 26:3819. [PMID: 34201524 PMCID: PMC8270295 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Some agroforestry residues such as orange and olive tree pruning have been extensively evaluated for their valorization due to its high carbohydrates content. However, lignin-enriched residues generated during carbohydrates valorization are normally incinerated to produce energy. In order to find alternative high added-value applications for these lignins, a depth characterization of them is required. In this study, lignins isolated from the black liquors produced during soda/anthraquinone (soda/AQ) pulping of orange and olive tree pruning residues were analyzed by analytical standard methods and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (solid state 13C NMR and 2D NMR) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Thermal analysis (thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)) and antioxidant capacity (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) were also evaluated. Both lignins showed a high OH phenolic content as consequence of a wide breakdown of β-aryl ether linkages. This extensive degradation yielded lignins with low molecular weights and polydispersity values. Moreover, both lignins exhibited an enrichment of syringyl units together with different native as well as soda/AQ lignin derived units. Based on these chemical properties, orange and olive lignins showed relatively high thermal stability and good antioxidant activities. These results make them potential additives to enhance the thermo-oxidation stability of synthetic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E. Eugenio
- Forest Research Center (INIA, CSIC), Ctra. de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.E.E.); (R.M.-S.)
| | - Raquel Martín-Sampedro
- Forest Research Center (INIA, CSIC), Ctra. de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.E.E.); (R.M.-S.)
| | - José I. Santos
- NMR of Facility of Research (SGIker), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Avenida Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain;
| | - Bernd Wicklein
- Materials Science Institute of Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - David Ibarra
- Forest Research Center (INIA, CSIC), Ctra. de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.E.E.); (R.M.-S.)
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14
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Hasan G, Musajan D, He M, Hou GB, Li Y, Yimit M. Study on extraction of cotton stalk lignin by different methods and its antioxidant property in polypropylene. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2021.1894173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gvlmira Hasan
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals (Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Dilhumar Musajan
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals (Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Mingyu He
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals (Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Gong-bo Hou
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals (Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals (Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Mamatjan Yimit
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals (Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
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15
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Role of different lignin systems in polymers: mechanical properties and thermal stability. POLISH JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/pjct-2020-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Lignin was used to study the mechanical properties and thermal stability of polymers. The lignin was blended with three kinds of polymers, and the addition of lignin was 0.5 wt%. Under the condition of thermal oxidation, the thermal stability of lignin/polymer samples varies with the structure of lignin. The effects of lignin on the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the polymers were investigated by oxidation induction time (OIT), rheological properties, mechanical properties and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show that the effect of lignin on the thermal properties of polymer samples is 2~3°C. It can be inferred that lignin can effectively improve the interaction between polymer molecular chain segments, and improve the crystallization rate and rigidity to a certain extent, so it can be seen that lignin has good compatibility and thermal stability.
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16
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Jiang B, Chen H, Zhao H, Wu W, Jin Y. Structural features and antioxidant behavior of lignins successively extracted from ginkgo shells (Ginkgo biloba L). Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:694-701. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Liu W, Wang F, Sun Y, Yang L, Chen H, Liu W, Zhu B, Hui C, Wang S. Influence of dragon bamboo with different planting patterns on microbial community and physicochemical property of soil on sunny and shady slopes. J Microbiol 2020; 58:906-914. [PMID: 32876912 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-020-0082-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dragon bamboo (Dendrocalamus giganteus) is a giant sympodial bamboo species widely distributed in Asia. However, it remains unclear how dragon bamboo and soil microbes interact to affect soil properties. In this study, we investigated the planting patterns (semi-natural and artificial) on different slopes (sunny and shady) to determine the effects on soil properties and microbial community. The results showed that the soil in which dragon bamboo was grown was acidic, with a pH value of ∼5. Also, the soil organic matter content, nitrogen hydrolysate concentration, total nitrogen, available potassium, and total potassium of the dragon bamboo semi-natural forest significantly improved, especially on the sunny slope. In contrast, the available phosphorus level was higher in the artificial bamboo forest, probably owing to the phosphate fertilizer application. The bacterial and fungal diversity and the bacterial abundance were all higher on the sunny slope of the semi-natural forest than those in the other samples. The microbial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) shared between the shady and sunny slopes accounted for 47.8-62.2%, but the core OTUs of all samples were only 24.4-30.4% of each sample, suggesting that the slope type had a significant effect on the microbial community. Some acidophilic microbes, such as Acidobacteria groups, Streptomyces and Mortierella, became dominant in dragon bamboo forest soil. A PICRUSt analysis of the bacterial functional groups revealed that post-translational modification, cell division, and coenzyme transport and metabolism were abundant in the semi-natural forest. However, some microorganisms with strong stress resistance might be activated in the artificial forest. Taken together, these results illustrated the influence of dragon bamboo growth on soil physicochemical property and microbial community, which might help understand the growth status of dragon bamboo under different planting patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, P. R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, P. R. China
| | - Yanmei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Lei Yang
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, P. R. China
| | - Huihai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Weijie Liu
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Chaomao Hui
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, P. R. China.
| | - Shiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China.
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18
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Zhong L, Xu M, Wang C, Shao L, Mao J, Jiang W, Ji X, Yang G, Chen J, Lyu G, Yoo CG, Xu F. Pretreatment of willow using the alkaline-catalyzed sulfolane/water solution for high-purity and antioxidative lignin production. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 159:287-294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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19
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Choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents for efficient delignification of Bambusa bambos in bio-refinery applications. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01259-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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20
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Ju T, Xi J. Continuous extraction optimization, molecular structures and antioxidant activities of polysaccharide from Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis using liquid-phase pulsed discharge. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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21
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Structural Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Milled Wood Lignin from Xylose Residue and Corncob. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11122092. [PMID: 31847271 PMCID: PMC6960613 DOI: 10.3390/polym11122092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylose residue (XR), after diluted acid treatment of corncob, consists of cellulose and lignin. However, structural changes of XR lignin have not been investigated comprehensively, and this has seriously hindered the efficient utilization of lignin. In this study, corncob milled wood lignin (CC MWL), and xylose residue milled wood lignin (XR MWL) were isolated according to the modified milled wood lignin (MWL) method. The structural features of two lignin fractions were thoroughly investigated via fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and two dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy techniques. XR MWL with higher yield and lower bound carbohydrate contents presented more phenolic OH contents than CC MWL due to partial cleavage of β-O-4. Furthermore, the molecular weights of XR MWL were increased, possibly because of condensation of the lignin during the xylose production. A study on antioxidant activity showed that XR lignin had better radical scavenging ability than that of 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol (BHT) and CC MWL. The results suggested that the lignin in xylose residue, showing great antioxidant properties, has potential applications in food additives.
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22
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Transparent Cellulose/Technical Lignin Composite Films for Advanced Packaging. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11091455. [PMID: 31492029 PMCID: PMC6780852 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although recent work has shown natural lignin products are promising to fabricate various polymer based functional composites, high-value applications were challenged by their structural complexity and inhomogeneity. This work specially assessed the potential of four technical lignins for cellulose based functional films production. These four technical lignins were obtained by emerging pretreatment systems, i.e., lactic acid-betaine deep eutectic solvent (DES), ethanol organosolv, soda/anthraquinone (Soda/AQ) and the sodium salicylate hydrotrope, and their phenolic substructures were comparatively identified by prevalent 31P NMR technique. The influence of lignin chemical structure on the antioxidant potential and UV-shielding performance of the prepared cellulose/technical lignin composite films were assessed. Results showed severe organosolv and soda/AQ pretreatment produced technical lignins with higher total phenolic hydroxyl groups (3.37 and 3.23 mmol g-1 respectively), which also exhibited higher antioxidant activities. The composite films could effectively block the ultraviolet lights especially for UVB region (ultraviolet B, 280–315 nm) at only 5 wt.% lignin content. The contribution of lignin phenolic substructures to both antioxidant activity and UV-shielding property from high to low was syringyl > guaiacyl > p-hydroxyphenyl phenolic hydroxyl groups. This work provided some useful information that could facilitate upstream lignin extraction or downstream value-added applications.
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23
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Tao J, Li S, Ye F, Zhou Y, Lei L, Zhao G. Lignin - An underutilized, renewable and valuable material for food industry. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2011-2033. [PMID: 31547671 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1625025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Lignin is the second most abundant biorenewable polymers only next to cellulose and is ubiquitous in various plant foods. In food industry, lignin often presented as a major component of by-products from plant foods. In the last decade, the food and nutritional interests of lignin attracted more and more attentions and great progresses have been accomplished. In the present review, the structure, physicochemical properties, dietary occurrence and preparation methods of lignin from food resources were summarized. Then, the versatile activities of food lignin were introduced under the subtitles of antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiabetic and other activities. Finally, the potential applications of food lignin were proposed as a food bioactive ingredient, an improver of food package films and a novel material in fabricating drug delivery vehicles and contaminant passivators. Hopefully, this review could bring new insights in exploiting lignin from nutrition- and food-directed views.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Tao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Li
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fayin Ye
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhou
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Lei
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Centre of Regional Foods, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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24
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Avelino F, Marques F, Soares AKL, Silva KT, Leitão RC, Mazzetto SE, Lomonaco D. Microwave-Assisted Organosolv Delignification: A Potential Eco-Designed Process for Scalable Valorization of Agroindustrial Wastes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Avelino
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará, Iguatu, Ceara 63503-790, Brazil
| | - Francisco Marques
- Embrapa Agroindustria Tropical, Rua Dra. Sara Mesquita, 2270, Planalto do Pici, Fortaleza, Ceara 60511-110, Brazil
| | - Amanda K. L. Soares
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kássia T. Silva
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Renato C. Leitão
- Embrapa Agroindustria Tropical, Rua Dra. Sara Mesquita, 2270, Planalto do Pici, Fortaleza, Ceara 60511-110, Brazil
| | - Selma E. Mazzetto
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Diego Lomonaco
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara 60440-900, Brazil
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25
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Li SX, Li MF, Bian J, Wu XF, Peng F, Ma MG. Preparation of organic acid lignin submicrometer particle as a natural broad-spectrum photo-protection agent. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 132:836-843. [PMID: 30926494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Valorization of lignin by-product is an urgent issue in the context of biorefinery. Lignin is a natural anti-UV active ingredient with great potential applications. In this study, a natural broad-spectrum photo-protection agent was prepared using lignin from organic acid extraction process. The submicrometer particles were prepared by dialysis lignin recovered from the pretreatments with organic acid extraction processes (formic acid, formic acid/hydrogen peroxide, and acetic acid/hydrogen peroxide/HCl) and they served as active ingredients in sunblock formulation. The structures of the lignin submicrometer particles were characterized by multiple spectroscopies. The submicrometer particles from organic acid lignin showed high capacities to enhance the sun protection factor values of lotion by 2.80-3.53 at the dosage of 5%, and the lotions containing lignin submicrometer particles had good UV-blocking properties. In addition, the UVA/UVB values (i.e., the ratio of absorbance at UVA to that at UVB) were in the range of 0.69-0.72 for the organic acid lignin submicrometer particles, indicating that they exhibited superior properties. The results indicated that the lignin submicrometer-based lotions with excellent antioxidant and UV protection capacities offered a natural source for sunblock cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Xian Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ming-Fei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jing Bian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xiao-Fei Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Feng Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ming-Guo Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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26
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Wu XF, Zhou Q, Li MF, Li SX, Bian J, Peng F. Conversion of poplar into bio-oil via subcritical hydrothermal liquefaction: Structure and antioxidant capacity. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 270:216-222. [PMID: 30218938 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Subcritical hydrothermal liquefaction of poplar was performed at 220-280 °C, and the liquid phase produced was extracted by ethyl acetate to obtain light oil (LO), which contained LO1 (water-soluble) and LO2 (ethyl acetate-soluble). The residue was further extracted with acetone to produce heavy oil (HO) and solid residue (SR). The highest bio-oil yield of 19.88% was obtained at 260 °C. The HO produced at 260 °C had the highest content of C (69.13%) and the higher heating value was 27.97 MJ/kg. The O/C and H/C ratios of LO were higher than those of HO due to less aromatics in LO. Oxidative inhibition rates of bio-oils, measured in DPPH-ethanol solution at a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL, reached 60.76% for LO1 while 90.29% and 90.85% for LO2 and HO, respectively. The bio-oil with good antioxidant activity can be utilized as an additive in bio-diesel to improve oxidation stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ming-Fei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Shu-Xian Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jing Bian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Feng Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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27
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Chen T, Li Z, Zhang X, Min D, Wu Y, Wen J, Yuan T. Effects of Hydrothermal Pretreatment on the Structural Characteristics of Organosolv Lignin from Triarrhena lutarioriparia. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1157. [PMID: 30961082 PMCID: PMC6403627 DOI: 10.3390/polym10101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of hydrothermal pretreatment (170⁻180 °C, 30⁻60 min) on the structural characteristics of enzymatic and extracted lignin from Triarrhena lutarioriparia (TL) during the integrated delignification process have been comprehensively investigated. Ion chromatography and NMR characterization showed that liquid products after mild hydrothermal process (170 °C, 30 min) were mainly composed of xylooligosaccharide (XOS) with different degrees of polymerization (DP ≥ 2). In addition, the structural changes of lignin during hydrothermal pretreatment and organic acid delignification process have been demonstrated by quantitative 2D heteronuclear single quantum coherence (2D-HSQC) and 31P-NMR techniques. Results showed that the structural changes of lignin (e.g., cleavage of β-O-4 linkages) induced by the hydrothermal pretreatment will facilitate the subsequent organic acid delignification process, and acetylated lignin could be obtained with a considerable yield, which can be used in lignin-based composite and candidate feedstock for catalytic upgrading of lignin. In short, the proposed process facilitates the producing of XOS and acetylated lignin for lignin valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianying Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xueming Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Douyong Min
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Yuying Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jialong Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Tongqi Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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29
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Qin Z, Wang XD, Liu HM, Wang DM, Qin GY. Structural characterization of Chinese quince fruit lignin pretreated with enzymatic hydrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 262:212-220. [PMID: 29709839 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is an increasingly valuable raw material for industrial, pharmaceutical and the food industries; natural antioxidants are also being used more and more widely. The Chinese quince fruits have an abundance of lignins with antioxidant properties; however, the lignins cannot be isolated by the methods conventionally used on other sources (e.g., wood, straw). In this investigation, multi-enzymatic hydrolytic pretreatments were used to isolate lignins from Chinese quince fruit, and the structures of these multi-enzyme mixture lignin (EML) fractions were then analyzed and compared with conventional cellulolytic enzyme lignin (CEL). EML fractions are structurally similar to CEL fractions except for an increased S/G ratio, greater number of β-O-4 linkages, higher average molecular weight and decreased thermal stability. The EML-2 fraction in particular seemed most representative of the lignins isolated, and it exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in comparison with CEL and other EML fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Qin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Institute of Physical Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xue-De Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hua-Min Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Dong-Min Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Guang-Yong Qin
- Institute of Physical Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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30
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Capecchi E, Piccinino D, Delfino I, Bollella P, Antiochia R, Saladino R. Functionalized Tyrosinase-Lignin Nanoparticles as Sustainable Catalysts for the Oxidation of Phenols. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E438. [PMID: 29914085 PMCID: PMC6027214 DOI: 10.3390/nano8060438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable catalysts for the oxidation of phenol derivatives under environmentally friendly conditions were prepared by the functionalization of lignin nanoparticles with tyrosinase. Lignin, the most abundant polyphenol in nature, is the main byproduct in the pulp and paper manufacturing industry and biorefinery. Tyrosinase has been immobilized by direct adsorption, encapsulation, and layer-by-layer deposition, with or without glutaraldehyde reticulation. Lignin nanoparticles were found to be stable to the tyrosinase activity. After the enzyme immobilization, they showed a moderate to high catalytic effect in the synthesis of catechol derivatives, with the efficacy of the catalyst being dependent on the specific immobilization procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Capecchi
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Davide Piccinino
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Ines Delfino
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Paolo Bollella
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Riccarda Antiochia
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Saladino
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
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31
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The green fabrication, characterization and evaluation of catalytic antioxidation of gold nanoparticle-lignocellulose composite papers for active packaging. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:1782-1791. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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32
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Qin Z, Zhang ZG, Liu HM, Qin GY, Wang XD. Acetic acid lignins from Chinese quince fruit (Chaenomeles sinensis): effect of pretreatment on their structural features and antioxidant activities. RSC Adv 2018; 8:24923-24931. [PMID: 35542132 PMCID: PMC9082293 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04009e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, three pretreatment processes were evaluated for their effects on the structural features and antioxidant activities of lignins extracted by the acetosolv process from the fruit of Chinese quince. The three pretreatments included dephenolization, sugar removal, and multiple processes (a combination of both dephenolization and sugar removal). The results showed that after sugar removal pretreatment, the carbohydrate content, the molecular weight and S/G value of the lignin fractions decreased. However, after dephenolization pretreatment, the carbohydrate content and the molecular weight of the lignin fractions increased. After sugar removal and dephenolization, there were increases in the temperatures corresponding to the maximal rate of decomposition (DTGmax) in all lignin fractions. The radical scavenging index of lignin after sugar removal pretreatment was higher compared to other pretreatments and no treatment. The results of these tests showed that sugar removal, as a pretreatment, enhanced lignin extraction, yielding pure and highly functional lignins. Additionally, dephenolization or multiple process were beneficial to the acquisition of macromolecular lignins. All the results provided references for the biorefinery of biomass rich in polyphenol and sugar compounds. Three pretreatments, including sugar removal, dephenolization and multiple processes, are applied on the lignin extraction from Chinese quince fruits.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Qin
- School of Physics and Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- PR China
- College of Food Science and Technology
| | - Zhao-Guo Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology
- College of International Education
- Henan University of Technology
- Zhengzhou 450001
- PR China
| | - Hua-Min Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology
- College of International Education
- Henan University of Technology
- Zhengzhou 450001
- PR China
| | - Guang-Yong Qin
- School of Physics and Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- PR China
| | - Xue-De Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology
- College of International Education
- Henan University of Technology
- Zhengzhou 450001
- PR China
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33
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Extracting antioxidant phenolic compounds from compressional-puffing pretreated Pinus morrisonicola : Effects of operational parameters, kinetics and characterization. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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34
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Gong W, Ran Z, Ye F, Zhao G. Lignin from bamboo shoot shells as an activator and novel immobilizing support for α-amylase. Food Chem 2017; 228:455-462. [PMID: 28317749 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the feasibility of α-amylase activation and immobilization, using lignin from bamboo shoot shells (BSS). Our results demonstrated that BSS lignin is an excellent α-amylase activator and it elevated α-amylase activity more than two-fold at a concentration of 5mg/ml. For immobilization of α-amylase via adsorption, BSS lignin was incubated in an α-amylase solution (5mg/ml) for 20min, and the maximum specific activity, amount of loaded protein and activity recovery were 92.4U/mg, 19.0mg/g and 111%, respectively. In contrast to its free counterpart, immobilized α-amylase improved the catalytic efficiency and storage stability, under comparable working conditions (temperature and pH). Regarding its convenient usage, immobilized enzyme can be suspended in advance, but a suspension incubated at 60°C should be used within 30min. The residual activity after 14 re-uses remained at a reasonable level (53.2%). In conclusion, this study reveals a novel support for enzyme immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Gong
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China; Normal College of Jishou University, Jishou 416000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanxiang Ran
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Fayin Ye
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China; Chongqing Engineering Research Centre of Regional Foods, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China.
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35
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Shen Z, Han G, Wang X, Luo J, Sun R. An ultra-light antibacterial bagasse–AgNP aerogel. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:1155-1158. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02171a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
An antibacterial biomass-based ultra-light aerogel with AgNPs was fabricated, where AgNPs were synthesized with bagasse as a reducing and stabilizing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuguang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
- Shenzhen Yuto Packaging Technology Co., Ltd
| | - Guocheng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Jiwen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Environment
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510006
| | - Runcang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
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36
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Medina AL, da Silva MAO, de Sousa Barbosa H, Arruda MAZ, Marsaioli A, Bragagnolo N. Rapid microwave assisted extraction of meat lipids. Food Res Int 2015; 78:124-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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37
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Xiao X, Wang CZ, Bian J, Sun RC. Optimization of bamboo autohydrolysis for the production of xylo-oligosaccharides using response surface methodology. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18508d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bamboo was employed to generate xylo-oligosaccharides by using autohydrolysis, and the process was optimizedviaresponse surface methodology to achieve the highest yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Chen-Zhou Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Jing Bian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Run-Cang Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083
- China
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38
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Wu JL, Pan TF, Guo ZX, Pan DM. Specific lignin accumulation in granulated juice sacs of Citrus maxima. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:12082-12089. [PMID: 25419620 DOI: 10.1021/jf5041349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Juice sac granulation occurring in pummelo fruits [Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.] is an undesirable trait, and the underlying mechanism remains unresolved. Previous studies have shown that lignin metabolism is closely associated with the process of juice sac granulation. Here, a method suitable for lignin isolation from pummelo tissues is established. Acetylated lignins from different pummelo tissues and cultivars were analyzed by HSQC NMR. The results showed that lignins in granulated juice sacs were characterized by an extremely high abundance of guaiacyl units (91.13-96.82%), in contrast to lignins from other tissues, including leaves, stems, and segment membranes. The abnormally accumulated lignins in granulated juice sacs were specific and mainly polymerized from coniferyl alcohol. No significant difference was found in lignin types among various cultivars. These findings indicated that the mechanism of juice sac granulation might be similar among various cultivars, although very different degrees of juice sac granulation can be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ling Wu
- College of Horticulture and Institute of Storage Science and Technology of Horticultural Products, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou 350002, China
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39
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Shen Z, Luo Y, Wang Q, Wang X, Sun R. High-value utilization of lignin to synthesize Ag nanoparticles with detection capacity for Hg²⁺. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:16147-55. [PMID: 25144307 DOI: 10.1021/am504188k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the rapid preparation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Tollens' reagent under microwave irradiation. In the synthesis, lignin with reducing groups and spatial three-dimensional structure was used as reducing and stabilizing agents without other chemical reagents, and the effects of the ratio of lignin to Ag(+), reaction temperature, and heating time on the synthesis of AgNPs were investigated. The obtained AgNPs were further characterized by UV-vis, Malvern particle size, TEM, XRD, and XPS analyses. The structural changes of lignin before and after reaction were also studied by FT-IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, and GC-MS. The results revealed that the obtained AgNPs were mostly spherical with diameters of around 24 nm. The optimum reaction conditions were a ratio 50 mg of lignin to 0.3 mM of Ag(+), a microwave irradiation temperature of 60 °C, and a heating time of 10 min. Moreover, AgNPs redispersed well in water and ethanol after centrifugation for the removal of lignin. During the formation of AgNPs, lignin was oxidized, and the side chains of lignin were partly disrupted into small molecules, such as hydrocarbon and alcohol. The resultant lignin-AgNPs showed highly selective sensing detection for Hg(2+), and the color of the lignin-AgNP solution containing Hg(2+) decreased gradually with increasing amounts of Hg(2+) within seconds, but the other 19 metal ions had little effect on the color and surface plasmon absorption band of the lignin-AgNPs. Also, there was a linear relationship between the absorbance and Hg(2+) concentration, with a limit of detection concentration of 23 nM. This study provides not only a new way to take advantage of agricultural and forestry residues, but also a green and rapid method for the synthesis of AgNPs to detect the toxic ion Hg(2+) selectively and sensitively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuguang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
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40
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Cotana F, Cavalaglio G, Nicolini A, Gelosia M, Coccia V, Petrozzi A, Brinchi L. Lignin as Co-product of Second Generation Bioethanol Production from Ligno-cellulosic Biomass. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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41
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Wen JL, Sun SN, Yuan TQ, Xu F, Sun RC. Fractionation of bamboo culms by autohydrolysis, organosolv delignification and extended delignification: understanding the fundamental chemistry of the lignin during the integrated process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 150:278-286. [PMID: 24184648 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) was successfully fractionated using a three-step integrated process: (1) autohydrolysis pretreatment facilitating xylooligosaccharide (XOS) production (2) organosolv delignification with organic acids to obtain high-purity lignin, and (3) extended delignification with alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) to produce purified pulp. The integrated process was comprehensively evaluated by component analysis, SEM, XRD, and CP-MAS NMR techniques. Emphatically, the fundamental chemistry of the lignin fragments obtained from the integrated process was thoroughly investigated by gel permeation chromatography and solution-state NMR techniques (quantitative (13)C, 2D-HSQC, and (31)P-NMR spectroscopies). It is believed that the integrated process facilitate the production of XOS, high-purity lignin, and purified pulp. Moreover, the enhanced understanding of structural features and chemical reactivity of lignin polymers will maximize their utilizations in a future biorefinery industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Long Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 10083, PR China
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42
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Xiao X, Bian J, Peng XP, Xu H, Xiao B, Sun RC. Autohydrolysis of bamboo (Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro) culm for the production of xylo-oligosaccharides. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 138:63-70. [PMID: 23612163 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.03.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Bamboo culm (Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro) was treated with hot water in non-isothermal conditions (140, 160, 180 and 200°C) for various reaction times (10, 30, 60 and 120 min) to generate xylo-oligosaccharides in a batch reactor at a solid to liquor ratio of 1:10 g/g. The influence of reaction conditions on yields, compositions and characteristics of the products were evaluated. The maximum yield of xylo-oligosaccharides of 47.49% was achieved at 180°C for 30 min with a relatively low level of xylose (4.73%) and other products (arabinose 0.20 g/L, galactose 0.19 g/L, HMF 0.15 g/L, furfural 0.36 g/L, acetic acid 0.64 g/L and formic acid 0.26 g/L). Higher temperature and/or longer reaction time reduced the yield of oligosaccharides, and enhanced concentrations of monosaccharides and byproducts. The result demonstrated that the yield of xylo-oligosaccharides obtained by autohydrolysis depends on the reaction temperature and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, China
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43
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Sun SL, Wen JL, Ma MG, Li MF, Sun RC. Revealing the structural inhomogeneity of lignins from sweet sorghum stem by successive alkali extractions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:4226-4235. [PMID: 23581961 DOI: 10.1021/jf400824p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the inhomogeneity of the lignin from sweet sorghum stem, successive alkali treatments were applied to extract lignin fragments in the present study. The successive treatments released 80.3% of the original lignin from the sorghum stem. The chemical structural inhomogeneity of the isolated lignins was comparatively and comprehensively investigated by UV, FT-IR, and NMR spectra. The lignins were found to be predominantly composed of β-O-4' aryl ether linkages, together with minor amounts of β-β', β-5', β-1', and α,β-diaryl ether linkages. In addition, hydroxycinnamic acid (mainly p-coumaric acid), which was found to be attached to lignin, was released and co-precipitated in the lignin fractions isolated in the initial extracting steps, whereas hydroxycinnamic acids (p-coumaric and ferulic acids) were not detected in the subsequently extracted lignin fractions. Moreover, the high proportion of carbon-carbon structures was potentially related to the high amounts of guaiacyl units in the lignin investigated. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the higher molecular weights of lignins resulted in relatively higher thermal stability, and the higher content of C-C structures in the lignin probably led to a higher "char residue". These findings suggested that the lignin fractions extracted from sweet sorghum stem by successive alkali extractions had inhomogeneous features in both chemical composition and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Long Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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44
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Ge Y, Li Z, Pang Y, Qiu X. Influence of molecular mass of lignosulfonates on the resulting surface charges of solid particles. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 52:300-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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