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Silva E, Dantas R, Barbosa JC, Berlinck RGS, Fill T. Metabolomics approach to understand molecular mechanisms involved in fungal pathogen-citrus pathosystems. Mol Omics 2024; 20:154-168. [PMID: 38273771 DOI: 10.1039/d3mo00182b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Citrus is a crucial crop with a significant economic impact globally. However, postharvest decay caused by fungal pathogens poses a considerable threat, leading to substantial financial losses. Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium italicum, Geotrichum citri-aurantii and Phyllosticta citricarpa are the main fungal pathogens, causing green mold, blue mold, sour rot and citrus black spot diseases, respectively. The use of chemical fungicides as a control strategy in citrus raises concerns about food and environmental safety. Therefore, understanding the molecular basis of host-pathogen interactions is essential to find safer alternatives. This review highlights the potential of the metabolomics approach in the search for bioactive compounds involved in the pathogen-citrus interaction, and how the integration of metabolomics and genomics contributes to the understanding of secondary metabolites associated with fungal virulence and the fungal infection mechanisms. Our goal is to provide a pipeline combining metabolomics and genomics that can effectively guide researchers to perform studies aiming to contribute to the understanding of the fundamental chemical and biochemical aspects of pathogen-host interactions, in order to effectively develop new alternatives for fungal diseases in citrus cultivation. We intend to inspire the scientific community to question unexplored biological systems, and to employ diverse analytical approaches and metabolomics techniques to address outstanding questions about the non-studied pathosystems from a chemical biology perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evandro Silva
- State University of Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, CEP, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
- University of São Paulo, Institute of Chemistry, CEP 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Dantas
- State University of Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, CEP, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Júlio César Barbosa
- State University of Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, CEP, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Roberto G S Berlinck
- University of São Paulo, Institute of Chemistry, CEP 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Taicia Fill
- State University of Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, CEP, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Liu X, Wang Z, Gmitter FG, Grosser JW, Wang Y. Effects of Different Rootstocks on the Metabolites of Huanglongbing-Affected Sweet Orange Juices Using a Novel Combined Strategy of Untargeted Metabolomics and Machine Learning. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:1246-1257. [PMID: 36606748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most destructive citrus diseases, mainly caused by the Gram-negative bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. Aiming at unraveling the mechanisms of different scion/rootstock combinations on improving HLB-affected orange juice quality, the effects of rootstocks on the metabolites of HLB-affected sweet orange juices were investigated using a combined strategy of untargeted metabolomics and machine learning. A total of 2531 ion features were detected using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and 54 metabolites including amino acids, amines, flavonoids, coumarins, fatty acids, and glycosides were definitely or tentatively identified as the differential markers based on the random forest algorithm. Furthermore, 24 metabolites were verified and semi-quantified using authentic standards. Notably, the presence of specific amino acids and amines, especially polyamines, indicated that different rootstocks might affect glutamate, aspartate, proline, and arginine metabolism to regulate the physiological response against HLB. Meanwhile, the production of flavonoids and prenylated coumarins suggested that rootstocks influenced phenylalanine and phenylpropanoid metabolism. The possible metabolic pathways were proposed, and the important intermediates were verified by authentic standards. These results provide new insights on the effects of rootstocks on the metabolites of HLB-affected sweet orange juices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Zhixin Wang
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Frederick G Gmitter
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States
| | - Jude W Grosser
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States
| | - Yu Wang
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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Wu L, Sun M, Chen X, Si D, Si J. Hormonal and Metabolomic Responses of Dendrobium catenatum to Infection with the Southern Blight Pathogen Sclerotium delphinii. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:70-79. [PMID: 35876764 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-22-0178-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Southern blight caused by Sclerotium delphinii has a devastating effect on Dendrobium catenatum (an extremely valuable medicinal and food homologous Orchidaceae plant). However, the mechanisms underlying S. delphinii infection and D. catenatum response are far from known. Here, we investigated the infection process and mode of S. delphinii through microscopic observations of detached leaves and living plantlets and further explored the hormonal and metabolomic responses of D. catenatum during S. delphinii infection by using the widely targeted metabolome method. The results showed that S. delphinii infection involves two stages: a contact phase (12 to 16 h after inoculation) and a penetration stage (20 h after inoculation). S. delphinii hyphae could penetrate leaves directly (via swollen hyphae and the formation of an infection cushion) or indirectly (via stomatal penetration), causing water-soaked lesions on leaves within 24 to 28 h after inoculation and expanded thereafter. The content of jasmonates increased after the hyphal contact and remained at high levels during S. delphinii infection, whereas the ethylene precursor (1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid) accumulated significantly after penetration. Furthermore, metabolites of the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways were enriched after pathogen penetration, whereas several amino acids accumulated in significant amounts at the late stage of infection. Moreover, some other associated metabolites were significantly altered during pathogen infection. Therefore, the jasmonate, phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, and amino acid pathways could play crucial roles in D. catenatum resistance to S. delphinii infection. This study provides insight into the prevention and control of southern blight disease of D. catenatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingshang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, P.R. China
| | - Meichen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, P.R. China
| | - Xueliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, P.R. China
| | - Dun Si
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, P.R. China
| | - Jinping Si
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, P.R. China
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Hot Air Treatment Elicits Disease Resistance against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Improves the Quality of Papaya by Metabolomic Profiling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5162845. [PMID: 35968234 PMCID: PMC9371874 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5162845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Forced air heat treatment could induce defenses to protect fruit from pathogen attacks and has been applied as an alternative to methyl bromide for phytosanitary treatment before exportation. However, few studies were reported on the regulation mechanism of antifungal effect and delayed physiological disorders of papaya by heat treatment. Therefore, we aim to explore the fruit's resistance to pathogens and the inhibition of physiological disorders by metabolomic profiling. In our study, papaya fruits were treated with 47.2°C for 30, 60, and 90 min by forced hot air treatment. The disease resistance against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, quality parameters, and metabolites of papaya fruits were measured during 10 days of storage after heat treatment by metabolomic profiling. Papaya fruits after 30 and 60 min heat treatment had higher firmness, a delayed degreening and yellowing (lower a value) process, and a higher lightness (L) and hue angle (h) during storage. Heat treatment also delayed ripening, inhibiting the growth of C. gloeosporioides and softening of papaya. Metabolites and enzymes inhibited ROS scavenging, depressed ABA-regulated respiratory, and activated phenylpropanoid metabolism. Our study provides a broad picture of fruit resistance to pathogens and the inhibition of physiological disorders by metabolomic profiling, which is induced by heat treatment.
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Fernandes HP, Salomé-Abarca LF, Gonçalves Pereira R, Brandão Seibert J, Silva-Junior GJ, Das Graças Fernandes da Silva MF, Choi YH. Metabolomic Investigation of Citrus latifolia and the Putative Role of Coumarins in Resistance to Black Spot Disease. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:934401. [PMID: 35813812 PMCID: PMC9263546 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.934401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus black spot (CBS) is a disease caused by the fungus Phyllosticta citricarpa that affects citrus plants, causing fruit blemish and premature drop that result in severe economic losses in commercial citrus orchards. However, CBS symptoms and effects may vary depending on the citrus species: Citrus limon (lemon) is susceptible and highly affected by the disease, while no CBS-related damage has ever been observed for Citrus latifolia (Tahiti lime), implying that it must be resistant to the disease. The difference in the response to this disease provided the opportunity to gain insight into the metabolites responsible for the resistance by comparison of the metabolomic profiles of these two citrus species. Metabolic variations of C. limon and C. latifolia inoculated with P. citricarpa were analyzed using various metabolomic-based platforms including 1H NMR for overall metabolic profiling, and LC-MS and HPTLC for targeted analysis. The 1H NMR spectra of the samples demonstrated that certain phenolics were strongly induced after pathogenic inoculation, especially in the resistant species. The induced phenolics were identified from C. latifolia by further 1H NMR, LCMS and HPTLC analysis yielding six prenylated and methoxy coumarins, i.e., 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin, 5-geranyloxy-7-methoxycoumarin, 7-geranyloxycoumarin, 8-methoxypsoralen, 5,8-dimethoxypsoralen and 5-geranyloxypsoralen. These isolated coumarins and a coumarin-rich fraction were tested against the fungal pathogen, P. citricarpa, to evaluate their activity. None of the individual coumarins exhibited a significant inhibition, while the coumarin fraction exhibited a strong antifungal activity suggesting a synergistic interaction of its components. To obtain further insight into the roles of these compounds in the plant defense, the possible mechanisms of the individual coumarins were tested using an in-silico model, the PASS Online Tool; the analysis showed that each coumarin appeared to have a unique defense mechanism, even with very slight variations in the chemical structures. The results could provide evidence of the existence of a complex plant defense mechanism consisting in a multitude of synergistic interactions between compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hocelayne Paulino Fernandes
- Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Janaína Brandão Seibert
- Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | | | - Young Hae Choi
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Young Hae Choi,
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Li J, Yan G, Duan X, Zhang K, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Wu C, Zhang X, Tan S, Hua X, Wang J. Research Progress and Trends in Metabolomics of Fruit Trees. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:881856. [PMID: 35574069 PMCID: PMC9106391 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.881856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is an indispensable part of modern systems biotechnology, applied in the diseases' diagnosis, pharmacological mechanism, and quality monitoring of crops, vegetables, fruits, etc. Metabolomics of fruit trees has developed rapidly in recent years, and many important research results have been achieved in combination with transcriptomics, genomics, proteomics, quantitative trait locus (QTL), and genome-wide association study (GWAS). These research results mainly focus on the mechanism of fruit quality formation, metabolite markers of special quality or physiological period, the mechanism of fruit tree's response to biotic/abiotic stress and environment, and the genetics mechanism of fruit trait. According to different experimental purposes, different metabolomic strategies could be selected, such as targeted metabolomics, non-targeted metabolomics, pseudo-targeted metabolomics, and widely targeted metabolomics. This article presents metabolomics strategies, key techniques in metabolomics, main applications in fruit trees, and prospects for the future. With the improvement of instruments, analysis platforms, and metabolite databases and decrease in the cost of the experiment, metabolomics will prompt the fruit tree research to achieve more breakthrough results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Guohua Yan
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Xuwei Duan
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Kaichun Zhang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanbao Wu
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Shengnan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Analysis and Test Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Hua
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
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Duan B, Gao Z, Reymick OO, Ouyang Q, Chen Y, Long C, Yang B, Tao N. Cinnamaldehyde promotes the defense response in postharvest citrus fruit inoculated with Penicillium digitatum and Geotrichum citri-aurantii. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 179:104976. [PMID: 34802526 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Induced resistance in harvested fruit and vegetables is a superior strategy to reduce postharvest decay. In the present study, Cinnamaldehyde (CA) was applied to investigate for its induced resistance against Penicillium digitatum and Geotrichum citri-aurantii. The results showed that 5250 mg CA/L wax was effective concentration in inducing the resistance of citrus fruit to green mold and sour rot. Wax+ CA (WCA) reduced significantly green mold and sour rot incidences at different exposure times, with 24 h being the optimal exposure time. The host reactions under infection with different pathogens were similar. During initial exposure, treatment with 5250 mg CA/L wax enhanced significantly the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), β-1, 3-glucanase (GLU) and chitinase (CHT) in the presence of direct contact with the pathogen. Simultaneously, WCA induced an increase in total phenolic, flavanone and dihydroflavonol, flavone and flavonol, and lignin contents. Thus, our results suggest that treatment using 5250 mg CA/L wax can be applied early to control diseases by provoking response reactions in citrus fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China
| | - Zhouju Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China
| | - Okwong Oketch Reymick
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China
| | - Qiuli Ouyang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China
| | - Chunyan Long
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China
| | - Bao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510650, PR China.
| | - Nengguo Tao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, PR China.
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Loi M, Villani A, Paciolla F, Mulè G, Paciolla C. Challenges and Opportunities of Light-Emitting Diode (LED) as Key to Modulate Antioxidant Compounds in Plants. A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 10:antiox10010042. [PMID: 33396461 PMCID: PMC7824119 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant antioxidants are important compounds involved in plant defense, signaling, growth, and development. The quantity and quality of such compounds is genetically driven; nonetheless, light is one of the factors that strongly influence their synthesis and accumulation in plant tissues. Indeed, light quality affects the fitness of the plant, modulating its antioxidative profile, a key element to counteract the biotic and abiotic stresses. With this regard, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are emerging as a powerful technology which allows the selection of specific wavelengths and intensities, and therefore the targeted accumulation of plant antioxidant compounds. Despite the unique advantages of such technology, LED application in the horticultural field is still at its early days and several aspects still need to be investigated. This review focused on the most recent outcomes of LED application to modulate the antioxidant compounds of plants, with particular regard to vitamin C, phenols, chlorophyll, carotenoids, and glucosinolates. Additionally, future challenges and opportunities in the use of LED technology in the growth and postharvest storage of fruits and vegetables were also addressed to give a comprehensive overview of the future applications and trends of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Loi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Villani
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Paciolla
- Automation Engineering, Polytechnic of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Mulè
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Costantino Paciolla
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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Concurrent Metabolic Profiling and Quantification of Aromatic Amino Acids and Phytohormones in Solanum lycopersicum Plants Responding to Phytophthora capsici. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10110466. [PMID: 33207638 PMCID: PMC7696014 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10110466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic microorganisms account for large production losses in the agricultural sector. Phytophthora capsici is an oomycete that causes blight and fruit rot in important crops, especially those in the Solanaceae family. P. capsici infection is difficult to control due to genetic diversity, arising from sexual reproduction, and resistant spores that remain dormant in soil. In this study, the metabolomics of tomato plants responding to infection by P. capsici were investigated. Non-targeted metabolomics, based on liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS), were used with multivariate data analyses to investigate time-dependent metabolic reprogramming in the roots, stems, and leaves of stem-infected plants, over an 8 day period. In addition, phytohormones and amino acids were determined using quantitative LC-MS. Methyl salicylate and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate were detected as major signalling molecules in the defensive response to P. capsici. As aromatic amino acid precursors of secondary metabolic pathways, both phenylalanine and tryptophan showed a continuous increase over time in all tissues, whereas tyrosine peaked at day 4. Non-targeted metabolomic analysis revealed phenylpropanoids, benzoic acids, glycoalkaloids, flavonoids, amino acids, organic acids, and fatty acids as the major classes of reprogrammed metabolites. Correlation analysis showed that metabolites derived from the same pathway, or synthesised by different pathways, could either have a positive or negative correlation. Furthermore, roots, stems, and leaves showed contrasting time-dependent metabolic reprogramming, possibly related to the biotrophic vs. necrotrophic life-stages of the pathogen, and overlapping biotic and abiotic stress signaling. As such, the targeted and untargeted approaches complemented each other, to provide a detailed view of key time-dependent metabolic changes, occurring in both the asymptomatic and symptomatic stages of infection.
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Lafuente MT, Romero P, Ballester AR. Coordinated activation of the metabolic pathways induced by LED blue light in citrus fruit. Food Chem 2020; 341:128050. [PMID: 33049419 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The biochemical changes induced by LED Blue Light (LBL) (450 nm) in Lane Late oranges were investigated. The selected quantum flux (60 µmol m-2 s-1, 2 days) was associated with resistance against Penicillium digitatum, the main postharvest pathogen of citrus fruit. A holistic overview was obtained by a comparative transcriptome profile analysis, which revealed that LBL favored energy metabolism and redirected metabolic pathways toward the synthesis of diverse primary and secondary metabolism products. LBL favored reactive oxygen species homeostasis and metabolic activities involving lipid metabolism, specifically the synthesis of pigments and oxylipins, and the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids and indol- and alkaloid-derivatives. LBL also repressed limonene catabolism and triggered phenylpropanoid derivatives-related changes, which increased content in total flavonoids. Transferring fruit from LBL to darkness favored those processes involving amino acids, different phenylpropanoid, alkaloid and terpenoid classes, and ferrochelatase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María T Lafuente
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, IATA-CSIC, Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Paco Romero
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, IATA-CSIC, Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ana-Rosa Ballester
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, IATA-CSIC, Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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Li Z, Wang N, Wei Y, Zou X, Jiang S, Xu F, Wang H, Shao X. Terpinen-4-ol Enhances Disease Resistance of Postharvest Strawberry Fruit More Effectively than Tea Tree Oil by Activating the Phenylpropanoid Metabolism Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6739-6747. [PMID: 32379969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to reveal the effects and possible mechanism of terpinen-4-ol, the main component of tea tree oil (TTO), on the disease resistance of strawberry fruit. When the effects of TTO and its components were compared on the decay development in fruit inoculated with Botrytis cinerea after treatment, strawberry treated with terpinen-4-ol showed the lowest disease incidence (44.4%) after 48 h and also the smallest lesion diameter during the whole storage. This indicates that terpinen-4-ol induces the highest disease resistance in strawberry compared with TTO and other components. Untargeted metabolomic analysis showed that terpinen-4-ol treatment strongly activated phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and flavonoid metabolism pathway by increasing the accumulation of cinnamaldehyde, coniferyl aldehyde, naringenin, taxifolin, quercetin, and quercitrin in fruit at 12 h after treatment. In addition, terpinen-4-ol treatment also caused the accumulation of total phenolics and lignin by enhancing activities and relative gene expression of key enzymes in the phenylpropanoid metabolism pathway. These results suggest that terpinen-4-ol, as the key component of TTO, is the most important contributor to the effectiveness of TTO in improving disease resistance of strawberry fruit through activating the phenylpropanoid metabolism pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbiao Li
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Yingying Wei
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Xiurong Zou
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
- Yingdong College of Food Science and Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
| | - Shu Jiang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Feng Xu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Hongfei Wang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Xingfeng Shao
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
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Cheng Y, Lin Y, Cao H, Li Z. Citrus Postharvest Green Mold: Recent Advances in Fungal Pathogenicity and Fruit Resistance. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E449. [PMID: 32209982 PMCID: PMC7143998 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As the major postharvest disease of citrus fruit, postharvest green mold is caused by the necrotrophic fungus Penicillium digitatum (Pd), which leads to huge economic losses worldwide. Fungicides are still the main method currently used to control postharvest green mold in citrus fruit storage. Investigating molecular mechanisms of plant-pathogen interactions, including pathogenicity and plant resistance, is crucial for developing novel and safer strategies for effectively controlling plant diseases. Despite fruit-pathogen interactions remaining relatively unexplored compared with well-studied leaf-pathogen interactions, progress has occurred in the citrus fruit-Pd interaction in recent years, mainly due to their genome sequencing and establishment or optimization of their genetic transformation systems. Recent advances in Pd pathogenicity on citrus fruit and fruit resistance against Pd infection are summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China (H.C.)
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yunlong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China (H.C.)
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Haohao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China (H.C.)
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China (H.C.)
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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13
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Wang F, Huang Y, Wu W, Zhu C, Zhang R, Chen J, Zeng J. Metabolomics Analysis of the Peels of Different Colored Citrus Fruits ( Citrus reticulata cv. 'Shatangju') During the Maturation Period Based on UHPLC-QQQ-MS. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25020396. [PMID: 31963595 PMCID: PMC7024170 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus is a globally consumed fruit with great popularity. Mandarin (Citrus reticulata cv. ‘Shatangju’) is a local variety, and its planting area and yield are the greatest regarding fruit tree planting in Guangdong Province, China. However, its resistance to Huanglongbing (HLB) is weak. After infection by HLB, the fruits cannot develop normally. In this study, four kinds of fruits were classified as HBG, XQG, ZQG, and DHG, according to the color of their peels. The metabolomes of the three abnormally colored groups (HBG, XQG, and ZQG) and the normally colored group (DHG) were compared using a UPLC-QQQ-MS-based metabolomics approach. In total, 913 metabolites were identified and classified into 23 different categories, including phenylpropanoids and flavonoids; among them, 215 (HBG, 177; XQG, 124; and ZQG, 62) metabolites showed differential accumulation in the three comparison groups (HBG/XQG/ZQG versus DHG). A total of 2 unique metabolites, O-caffeoyl maltotriose and myricetin were detected only in DHG samples. When comparing HBG with DHG, there were 109 decreased and 68 increased metabolites; comparing XQG with DHG, there were 88 decreased and 36 increased metabolites; comparing ZQG with DHG, 41 metabolites were decreased, and 21 metabolites were increased. Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis of these differential metabolites showed significant enrichment of the “phenylpropanoid biosynthesis” pathway in all comparison groups. The hierarchical cluster analysis of the differential metabolites of the four groups showed a clear grouping patterns. The relative contents of three phenylpropanoids, four flavonoids, two alkaloids, one anthocyanin, and two other metabolites were significantly different between each comparison group. This study might provide fundamental insight for the isolation and identification of functional compounds from the peels of citrus fruit infected with HLB and for in-depth research on the effect of HLB on the formation of fruits pigment and the development of HLB-resistant citrus varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyan Wang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.H.); (W.W.); (C.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Yongjing Huang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.H.); (W.W.); (C.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Wen Wu
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.H.); (W.W.); (C.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Congyi Zhu
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.H.); (W.W.); (C.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Ruimin Zhang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.H.); (W.W.); (C.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Jiezhong Chen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-133-800-658-89 (J.C.); +86-137-253-156-01 (J.Z.)
| | - Jiwu Zeng
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.H.); (W.W.); (C.Z.); (R.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-133-800-658-89 (J.C.); +86-137-253-156-01 (J.Z.)
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14
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Xu D, Deng Y, Xi P, Yu G, Wang Q, Zeng Q, Jiang Z, Gao L. Fulvic acid-induced disease resistance to Botrytis cinerea in table grapes may be mediated by regulating phenylpropanoid metabolism. Food Chem 2019; 286:226-233. [PMID: 30827600 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is a major postharvest disease of table grapes that leads to enormous economic losses during storage and transportation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of fulvic acid on controlling gray mold of table grapes and explore its mechanism of action. The results showed that fulvic acid application significantly reduced downy blight severity in table grapes without exhibiting any antifungal activity in vitro. Fulvic acid induced phenylpropanoid metabolism, as evidenced by accumulation of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, higher activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H) and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), up-regulation of genes related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis (PAL, C4H, 4CL, STS, ROMT and CHS). Our results suggested that fulvic acid induces resistance to B. cinerea mainly through the activation of phenylpropanoid pathway and can be used as a new activator of plant defense responses to control postharvest gray mold in table grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Xu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Plant Pathology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yizhen Deng
- Department of Plant Pathology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Pinggen Xi
- Department of Plant Pathology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Ge Yu
- Department of Plant Pathology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Qingqian Zeng
- Guangdong Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zide Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Lingwang Gao
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Functional Metabolomics—A Useful Tool to Characterize Stress-Induced Metabolome Alterations Opening New Avenues towards Tailoring Food Crop Quality. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy8080138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The breeding of stress-tolerant cultivated plants that would allow for a reduction in harvest losses and undesirable decrease in quality attributes requires a new quality of knowledge on molecular markers associated with relevant agronomic traits, on quantitative metabolic responses of plants to stress challenges, and on the mechanisms controlling the biosynthesis of these molecules. By combining metabolomics with genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics datasets a more comprehensive knowledge of the composition of crop plants used for food or animal feed is possible. In order to optimize crop trait developments, to enhance crop yields and quality, as well as to guarantee nutritional and health factors that provide the possibility to create functional food or feedstuffs, knowledge about the plants’ metabolome is crucial. Next to classical metabolomics studies, this review focuses on several metabolomics-based working techniques, such as sensomics, lipidomics, hormonomics and phytometabolomics, which were used to characterize metabolome alterations during abiotic and biotic stress in order to find resistant food crops with a preferred quality or at least to produce functional food crops.
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16
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Hung WL, Wang Y. Metabolite Profiling of Candidatus Liberibacter Infection in Hamlin Sweet Oranges. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:3983-3991. [PMID: 29608307 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB), also known as citrus greening disease, caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), is considered the most serious citrus disease in the world. CLas infection has been shown to greatly affect metabolite profiles in citrus fruits. However, because of uneven distribution of CLas throughout the tree and a minimum bacterial titer requirement for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection, the infected trees may test false negative. To prevent this, metabolites of healthy Hamlin oranges (CLas-) obtained from the citrus undercover protection systems (CUPS) were investigated. Comparison of the metabolite profile of juice obtained from CLas- and CLas+ (asymptomatic and symptomatic) trees revealed significant differences in both volatile and nonvolatile metabolites. However, no consistent pattern could be observed in alcohols, esters, sesquiterpenes, sugars, flavanones, and limonoids as compared to previous studies. These results suggest that CLas may affect metabolite profiles of citrus fruits earlier than detecting infection by PCR. Citric acid, nobiletin, malic acid, and phenylalanine were identified as the metabolic biomarkers associated with the progression of HLB. Thus, the differential metabolites found in this study may serve as the biomarkers of HLB in its early stage, and the metabolite signature of CLas infection may provide useful information for developing a potential treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lun Hung
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition , University of Florida , Lake Alfred , Florida 33850 , United States
| | - Yu Wang
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition , University of Florida , Lake Alfred , Florida 33850 , United States
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17
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Ruiz VE, Cerioni L, Zampini IC, Cuello S, Isla MI, Hilal M, Rapisarda VA. UV-B radiation on lemons enhances antifungal activity of flavedo extracts against Penicillium digitatum. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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18
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Wei Y, Zhou D, Peng J, Pan L, Tu K. Hot Air Treatment Induces Disease Resistance through Activating the Phenylpropanoid Metabolism in Cherry Tomato Fruit. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:8003-8010. [PMID: 28813608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To explore the effects of hot air (HA, 38 °C for 12 h) treatment on the phenylpropanoid metabolism in cherry tomatoes, phenylpropanoid metabolite levels and the activities and expression of key enzymes were analyzed in HA-treated fruit. HA treatment enhanced phenylpropanoid metabolism, as evidenced by elevated levels of phenolics and flavonoids, higher activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and cinnamate-4-hydroxylase, and upregulated expression of LeCHS, LeCHI, LeF3H, and LeFLS. Levels of several phenylpropanoid metabolites were higher after HA treatment, including p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, isoquercitrin, quercetin, and rutin. These metabolic changes may be related to the reduced disease incidence and smaller lesion diameters observed in HA-treated fruit inoculated with Alternaria alternata (black mold) or Botrytis cinerea (gray mold). The results suggest that HA treatment induces disease resistance by activating the phenylpropanoid pathway in cherry tomato fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University , Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Peng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Leiqing Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Tu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
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19
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Masike K, Mhlongo MI, Mudau SP, Nobela O, Ncube EN, Tugizimana F, George MJ, Madala NE. Highlighting mass spectrometric fragmentation differences and similarities between hydroxycinnamoyl-quinic acids and hydroxycinnamoyl-isocitric acids. Chem Cent J 2017; 11:29. [PMID: 29086810 PMCID: PMC5380550 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-017-0262-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plants contain a myriad of metabolites which exhibit diverse biological activities. However, in-depth analyses of these natural products with current analytical platforms remains an undisputed challenge due to the multidimensional chemo-diversity of these molecules, amplified by both isomerization and conjugation. In this study, we looked at molecules such as hydroxyl-cinnamic acids (HCAs), which are known to exist as positional and geometrical isomers conjugated to different organic acids namely quinic- and isocitric acid. Objective The study aimed at providing a more defined distinction between HCA conjugates from Amaranthus viridis and Moringa oleifera, using mass spectrometry (MS) approaches. Methods Here, we used a UHPLC–MS/MS targeted approach to analyze isobaric HCA conjugates extracted from the aforementioned plants. Results Mass spectrometry results showed similar precursor ions and fragmentation pattern; however, distinct differences were seen with ions at m/z 155 and m/z 111 which are associated with isocitric acid conjugates. Conclusion Our results highlight subtle differences between these two classes of compounds based on the MS fingerprints, enabling confidence differentiation of the compounds. Thus, these findings provide a template reference for accurate and confident annotation of such compounds in other plants. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13065-017-0262-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keabetswe Masike
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Msizi I Mhlongo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Shonisani P Mudau
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Ofentse Nobela
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Efficient N Ncube
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Fidele Tugizimana
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Mosotho J George
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, National University of Lesotho, P.O. 180, Roma, Lesotho
| | - Ntakadzeni E Madala
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa.
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20
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Adrian M, Lucio M, Roullier-Gall C, Héloir MC, Trouvelot S, Daire X, Kanawati B, Lemaître-Guillier C, Poinssot B, Gougeon R, Schmitt-Kopplin P. Metabolic Fingerprint of PS3-Induced Resistance of Grapevine Leaves against Plasmopara viticola Revealed Differences in Elicitor-Triggered Defenses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:101. [PMID: 28261225 PMCID: PMC5306141 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Induction of plant resistance against pathogens by defense elicitors constitutes an attractive strategy to reduce the use of fungicides in crop protection. However, all elicitors do not systematically confer protection against pathogens. Elicitor-induced resistance (IR) thus merits to be further characterized in order to understand what makes an elicitor efficient. In this study, the oligosaccharidic defense elicitors H13 and PS3, respectively, ineffective and effective to trigger resistance of grapevine leaves against downy mildew, were used to compare their effect on the global leaf metabolism. Ultra high resolution mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) analysis allowed us to obtain and compare the specific metabolic fingerprint induced by each elicitor and to characterize the associated metabolic pathways. Moreover, erythritol phosphate was identified as a putative marker of elicitor-IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielle Adrian
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-ComtéDijon, France
- *Correspondence: Marielle Adrian,
| | - Marianna Lucio
- Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
| | - Chloé Roullier-Gall
- Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
| | - Marie-Claire Héloir
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-ComtéDijon, France
| | - Sophie Trouvelot
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-ComtéDijon, France
| | - Xavier Daire
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-ComtéDijon, France
| | - Basem Kanawati
- Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Benoît Poinssot
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-ComtéDijon, France
| | - Régis Gougeon
- UMR PAM Université de Bourgogne/AgroSupDijon, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin, Jules GuyotDijon, France
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technische Universität MünchenFreising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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21
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LED Blue Light-induced changes in phenolics and ethylene in citrus fruit: Implication in elicited resistance against Penicillium digitatum infection. Food Chem 2016; 218:575-583. [PMID: 27719952 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to investigate whether LED Blue Light (LBL) induces changes in phenolics and ethylene production of sweet oranges, and whether they participate in LBL-elicited resistance against the most important postharvest pathogen (Penicillium digitatum) of citrus fruit. The expression of relevant genes of the phenylpropanoid and ethylene biosynthetic pathways during elicitation of resistance was also determined. Different LBL (wavelength 450nm) quantum fluxes were used within the 60-630μmolm-2s-1 range. The HPLC analysis showed that the most relevant increase in phenylpropanoids occurred in scoparone, which markedly increased 3days after exposing fruits to a very high quantum flux (630μmolm-2s-1) for 18h. However, phenylpropanoids, including scoparone, were not critical factors in LBL-induced resistance. The genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis were differentially regulated by LBL. Ethylene is not involved in elicited resistance, although high LBL levels increased ethylene production in only 1h.
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22
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Salicylic acid treatment reduces the rot of postharvest citrus fruit by inducing the accumulation of H2O2, primary metabolites and lipophilic polymethoxylated flavones. Food Chem 2016; 207:68-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Short-term UV-B exposure induces metabolic and anatomical changes in peel of harvested lemons contributing in fruit protection against green mold. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 159:59-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Shiratake K, Suzuki M. Omics studies of citrus, grape and rosaceae fruit trees. BREEDING SCIENCE 2016; 66:122-38. [PMID: 27069397 PMCID: PMC4780796 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.66.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent advance of bioinformatics and analytical apparatuses such as next generation DNA sequencer (NGS) and mass spectrometer (MS) has brought a big wave of comprehensive study to biology. Comprehensive study targeting all genes, transcripts (RNAs), proteins, metabolites, hormones, ions or phenotypes is called genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, hormonomics, ionomics or phenomics, respectively. These omics are powerful approaches to identify key genes for important traits, to clarify events of physiological mechanisms and to reveal unknown metabolic pathways in crops. Recently, the use of omics approach has increased dramatically in fruit tree research. Although the most reported omics studies on fruit trees are transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, and a few is reported on hormonomics and ionomics. In this article, we reviewed recent omics studies of major fruit trees, i.e. citrus, grapevine and rosaceae fruit trees. The effectiveness and prospects of omics in fruit tree research will as well be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Shiratake
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University,
Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601,
Japan
- Corresponding author (e-mail: )
| | - Mami Suzuki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University,
Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601,
Japan
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25
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Mhlongo MI, Steenkamp PA, Piater LA, Madala NE, Dubery IA. Profiling of Altered Metabolomic States in Nicotiana tabacum Cells Induced by Priming Agents. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1527. [PMID: 27803705 PMCID: PMC5068090 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics has developed into a valuable tool for advancing our understanding of plant metabolism. Plant innate immune defenses can be activated and enhanced so that, subsequent to being pre-sensitized, plants are able to launch a stronger and faster defense response upon exposure to pathogenic microorganisms, a phenomenon known as priming. Here, three contrasting chemical activators, namely acibenzolar-S-methyl, azelaic acid and riboflavin, were used to induce a primed state in Nicotiana tabacum cells. Identified biomarkers were then compared to responses induced by three phytohormones-abscisic acid, methyljasmonate, and salicylic acid. Altered metabolomes were studied using a metabolite fingerprinting approach based on liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Multivariate data models indicated that these inducers cause time-dependent metabolic perturbations in the cultured cells and revealed biomarkers of which the levels are affected by these agents. A total of 34 metabolites were annotated from the mass spectral data and online databases. Venn diagrams were used to identify common biomarkers as well as those unique to a specific agent. Results implicate 20 cinnamic acid derivatives conjugated to (i) quinic acid (chlorogenic acids), (ii) tyramine, (iii) polyamines, or (iv) glucose as discriminatory biomarkers of priming in tobacco cells. Functional roles for most of these metabolites in plant defense responses could thus be proposed. Metabolites induced by the activators belong to the early phenylpropanoid pathway, which indicates that different stimuli can activate similar pathways but with different metabolite fingerprints. Possible linkages to phytohormone-dependent pathways at a metabolomic level were indicated in the case of cells treated with salicylic acid and methyljasmonate. The results contribute to a better understanding of the priming phenomenon and advance our knowledge of cinnamic acid derivatives as versatile defense metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Msizi I. Mhlongo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of JohannesburgAuckland Park, South Africa
| | - Paul A. Steenkamp
- Department of Biochemistry, University of JohannesburgAuckland Park, South Africa
- Natural Products and Agroprocessing Group, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research BiosciencesPretoria, South Africa
| | - Lizelle A. Piater
- Department of Biochemistry, University of JohannesburgAuckland Park, South Africa
| | - Ntakadzeni E. Madala
- Department of Biochemistry, University of JohannesburgAuckland Park, South Africa
| | - Ian A. Dubery
- Department of Biochemistry, University of JohannesburgAuckland Park, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Ian A. Dubery
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Occurrence and function of fungal antifungal proteins: a case study of the citrus postharvest pathogen Penicillium digitatum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:2243-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7110-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Lafuente MT, Alférez F. Effect of LED Blue Light on Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum Strains. Photochem Photobiol 2015; 91:1412-21. [PMID: 26288067 DOI: 10.1111/php.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the antimicrobial properties of light have considerably increased due in part to the development of resistance to actual control methods. This study investigates the potential of light-emitting diodes (LED) blue light for controlling Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum. These fungi are the most devastating postharvest pathogens of citrus fruit and cause important losses due to contaminations and the development of resistant strains against fungicides. The effect of different periods and quantum fluxes, delaying light application on the growth and morphology of P. digitatum strains resistant and sensitive to fungicides, and P. italicum cultured at 20°C was examined. Results showed that blue light controls the growth of all strains and that its efficacy increases with the quantum flux. Spore germination was always avoided by exposing the cultures to high quantum flux (700 μmol m(-2) s(-1) ) for 18 h. Continuous light had an important impact on the fungus morphology and a fungicidal effect when applied at a lower quantum flux (120 μmol m(-2) s(-1) ) to a growing fungus. Sensitivity to light increased with mycelium age. Results show that blue light may be a tool for P. digitatum and P. italicum infection prevention during handling of citrus fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- María T Lafuente
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Paterna-Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Alférez
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Paterna-Valencia, Spain
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28
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Perotti VE, Moreno AS, Trípodi KEJ, Meier G, Bello F, Cocco M, Vázquez D, Anderson C, Podestá FE. Proteomic and metabolomic profiling of Valencia orange fruit after natural frost exposure. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 153:337-54. [PMID: 25132553 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of orange fruit (Citrus sinensis var. Valencia Late) to freezing stress in planta, both immediately after the natural event and after a week, in order to understand the biochemical and molecular basis of the changes that later derive in internal and external damage symptoms. Using two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis to analyze exposed and non-exposed fruit, 27 differential protein spots were detected in juice sacs and flavedo, among all comparisons made. Also, primary and secondary metabolites relative contents were analyzed in both tissues by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. Proteins and compounds involved in regulatory functions, iron metabolism, oxidative damage and carbohydrate metabolism were the most affected. Interestingly, three glycolytic enzymes were induced by cold, and there was an increase in fermentation products (volatiles); all of that suggests that more energy generation might be required from glycolysis to counter the cold stress. Moreover, a notable increase in sugar levels was observed after frost, but it was not at the expense of organic acids utilization. Consequently, these results suggest a probable redistribution of photoassimilates in the frost-exposed plants, tending to restore the homeostasis altered by that severe type of stress. Isosinensetin was the most cold-sensitive secondary metabolite because it could not be detected at all after the frost, constituting a possible tool to early diagnose freezing damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria E Perotti
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, CONICET, and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, 2000, Argentina
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Cao H, Chen X, Jassbi AR, Xiao J. Microbial biotransformation of bioactive flavonoids. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:214-223. [PMID: 25447420 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Lu L, Wang J, Zhu R, Lu H, Zheng X, Yu T. Transcript profiling analysis of Rhodosporidium paludigenum-mediated signalling pathways and defense responses in mandarin orange. Food Chem 2014; 172:603-12. [PMID: 25442597 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the basis of inducible resistance response in postharvest mandarin orange, cDNA microarray and high-performance liquid chromatography were performed to study transcriptional and metabolic changes in Rhodosporidium paludigenum strain treated fruit. The microarray data mining revealed that R. paludigenum activated transcription of genes important for plant hormones, signalling transduction, stress and defensive responses in orange peel tissue. Moreover, up-regulation of phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism, phenylpropanoids biosynthesis, and alkaloid biosynthesis I, were observed at the transcription level. Conversely, large amounts of genes involved in starch metabolism, oligosaccharide and glycoside metabolism were markedly repressed by R. paludigenum treatment. Activation of phenylpropanoids biosynthesis pathway was correlated with the increasing production of phenolic acids and their subsequent metabolite lignin, indicating antifungal metabolites indeed contributed to biocontrol yeast enhanced fruit protection. Our findings provide an important basis for understanding the mechanisms of resistance induction in mandarin orange, as well as for reducing postharvest losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laifeng Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxu Wang
- Agricultural Science and Technology Research Extension Center of Lanzhou, Lanzhou 730010, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiyu Zhu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Huangping Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ting Yu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
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Gao HY, Wang SY, Wang HY, Li GY, Wang LF, Du XW, Han Y, Huang J, Wang JH. Simultaneous quantification of major bioactive constituents from Zhuyeqing Liquor by HPLC-PDA. J Anal Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-014-0034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Zhuyeqing Liquor (ZYQL) is a famous traditional Chinese functional liquor. For quality control of ZYQL products, quantitative analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA) was undertaken.
Methods
Eighteen compounds from ZYQL were simultaneously detected and used as chemical markers in the quantitative analysis, including 3-hydroxy-4,5(R)-dimethyl-2(5H)-furanone (M1), isobiflorin (M2), vanillic acid (M3), biflorin (M4), genipin 1-O-β-d-gentiobioside (M5), 1-sinapoyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (M6), geniposide (M7), epijasmnoside A (M8), ferulic acid (M9), luteolin 8-C-β-glucopyranoside (M10), isoorientin (M11), narirutin (M12), hesperidin (M13), 6′-O-sinapoylgeniposide (M14), 3,5-dihydroxy-3′,4′,7,8-tetramethoxyl flavones (M15), 3′,4′,3,5,6,8-hexamethoxyl flavone (M16), kaempferide (M17), and tangeretin (M18).
Results
The separation by gradient elution was achieved on SHIMADZU VP-ODS column (4.6 × 150 mm, 5 μm) at 30°C with methanol (A)/0.1% phosphoric acid (B) as the mobile phase. The detection wavelengths were 254, 278, and 335 nm. The optimized HPLC method provided a good linear relation (r ≥ 0.9991 for all the target compounds), satisfactory precision (RSD values less than 1.47%) and good recovery (97.40% to 103.44%). The limits of detection ranged between 0.20 × 10−4 and 64.90 × 10−4 μg/μL for the different analytes. Furthermore, the optimum sample preparation was obtained from HPD100 column eluted with water and 95% ethanol, respectively.
Conclusions
Quality control of ZYQL products, in total seven samples and twelve parent plants, was examined by this method, and results confirmed its feasibility and reliability in practice.
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Vilanova L, Viñas I, Torres R, Usall J, Buron-Moles G, Teixidó N. Acidification of apple and orange hosts by Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium expansum. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 178:39-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Total Antioxidative Capacity and Total Phenolic Levels in Pomegranate Husks Correlate to Several Postharvest Fruit Quality Parameters. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-013-1184-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Kushalappa AC, Gunnaiah R. Metabolo-proteomics to discover plant biotic stress resistance genes. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 18:522-31. [PMID: 23790252 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plants continuously encounter various environmental stresses and use qualitative and quantitative measures to resist pathogen attack. Qualitative stress responses, based on monogenic inheritance, have been elucidated and successfully used in plant improvement. By contrast, quantitative stress responses remain largely unexplored in plant breeding, due to complex polygenic inheritance, although hundreds of quantitative trait loci for resistance have been identified. Recent advances in metabolomic and proteomic technologies now offer opportunities to overcome the hurdle of polygenic inheritance and identify candidate genes for use in plant breeding, thus improving the global food security. In this review, we describe a conceptual background to the plant-pathogen relationship and propose ten heuristic steps streamlining the application of metabolo-proteomics to improve plant resistance to biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajjamada C Kushalappa
- Plant Science Department, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada.
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35
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Ikeda S, Abe T, Nakamura Y, Kibinge N, Hirai Morita A, Nakatani A, Ono N, Ikemura T, Nakamura K, Altaf-Ul-Amin M, Kanaya S. Systematization of the protein sequence diversity in enzymes related to secondary metabolic pathways in plants, in the context of big data biology inspired by the KNApSAcK motorcycle database. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 54:711-727. [PMID: 23509110 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Biology is increasingly becoming a data-intensive science with the recent progress of the omics fields, e.g. genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics. The species-metabolite relationship database, KNApSAcK Core, has been widely utilized and cited in metabolomics research, and chronological analysis of that research work has helped to reveal recent trends in metabolomics research. To meet the needs of these trends, the KNApSAcK database has been extended by incorporating a secondary metabolic pathway database called Motorcycle DB. We examined the enzyme sequence diversity related to secondary metabolism by means of batch-learning self-organizing maps (BL-SOMs). Initially, we constructed a map by using a big data matrix consisting of the frequencies of all possible dipeptides in the protein sequence segments of plants and bacteria. The enzyme sequence diversity of the secondary metabolic pathways was examined by identifying clusters of segments associated with certain enzyme groups in the resulting map. The extent of diversity of 15 secondary metabolic enzyme groups is discussed. Data-intensive approaches such as BL-SOM applied to big data matrices are needed for systematizing protein sequences. Handling big data has become an inevitable part of biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Ikeda
- Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma-shi, Nara, 630-0192 Japan
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36
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Afendi FM, Ono N, Nakamura Y, Nakamura K, Darusman LK, Kibinge N, Morita AH, Tanaka K, Horai H, Altaf-Ul-Amin M, Kanaya S. Data Mining Methods for Omics and Knowledge of Crude Medicinal Plants toward Big Data Biology. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2013; 4:e201301010. [PMID: 24688691 PMCID: PMC3962233 DOI: 10.5936/csbj.201301010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular biological data has rapidly increased with the recent progress of the Omics fields, e.g., genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics that necessitates the development of databases and methods for efficient storage, retrieval, integration and analysis of massive data. The present study reviews the usage of KNApSAcK Family DB in metabolomics and related area, discusses several statistical methods for handling multivariate data and shows their application on Indonesian blended herbal medicines (Jamu) as a case study. Exploration using Biplot reveals many plants are rarely utilized while some plants are highly utilized toward specific efficacy. Furthermore, the ingredients of Jamu formulas are modeled using Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) in order to predict their efficacy. The plants used in each Jamu medicine served as the predictors, whereas the efficacy of each Jamu provided the responses. This model produces 71.6% correct classification in predicting efficacy. Permutation test then is used to determine plants that serve as main ingredients in Jamu formula by evaluating the significance of the PLS-DA coefficients. Next, in order to explain the role of plants that serve as main ingredients in Jamu medicines, information of pharmacological activity of the plants is added to the predictor block. Then N-PLS-DA model, multiway version of PLS-DA, is utilized to handle the three-dimensional array of the predictor block. The resulting N-PLS-DA model reveals that the effects of some pharmacological activities are specific for certain efficacy and the other activities are diverse toward many efficacies. Mathematical modeling introduced in the present study can be utilized in global analysis of big data targeting to reveal the underlying biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farit M Afendi
- Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0101, Ikoma, Japan ; Department of Statistics, Bogor Agricultural University, Jln. Meranti, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Naoaki Ono
- Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0101, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nakamura
- Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0101, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Kensuke Nakamura
- Maebashi Institute of technology, 450-1 Kamisadori, Maebashi-shi, Gunma, 371-0816 Japan
| | - Latifah K Darusman
- Biopharmaca Research Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Kampas IPB Taman Kencana, Jln. Taman Kencana No. 3 Bogor 16151, Indonesia
| | - Nelson Kibinge
- Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0101, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Aki Hirai Morita
- Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0101, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Medicinal Resources, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Horai
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Ibaraki National College of Technology, 866 Nakane, Hitachinaka, Ibaraki 312-8508, Japan
| | - Md Altaf-Ul-Amin
- Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0101, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Shigehiko Kanaya
- Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0101, Ikoma, Japan
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Ballester AR, Teresa Lafuente M, González-Candelas L. Citrus phenylpropanoids and defence against pathogens. Part II: gene expression and metabolite accumulation in the response of fruits to Penicillium digitatum infection. Food Chem 2012; 136:285-91. [PMID: 23017425 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The effect of infection of Citrus sinensis (var. Navelina) fruits with Penicillium digitatum was studied at gene expression and metabolite levels. In this study, expression of genes involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway was studied in the flavedo (outer coloured part of the peel) and albedo (inner white part) in response to pathogen infection. Results of the time-course experiment showed that maximal expression of 10 out of 17 phenylpropanoid genes analysed occurred at 48h post-inoculation, when decay symptoms started to appear, and mRNA levels either kept constant or decreased after 72h post-inoculation. To further investigate the putative involvement of the phenylpropanoid pathway in the defence of citrus fruit, changes in the metabolic profile of both tissues infected with P. digitatum was studied by means of HPLC-PDA-FD. Metabolite accumulation levels along the time course suggest that flavanones, flavones, polymethoxylated flavones and scoparone are induced in citrus fruit in response to P. digitatum infection, although with different trends depending on the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Rosa Ballester
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
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