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Dou Y, Xia W, Mason AS, Huang D, Sun X, Fan H, Xiao Y. Developing functional markers for vitamin E biosynthesis in oil palm. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259684. [PMID: 34797841 PMCID: PMC8604351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E is essential for human health and plays positive roles in anti-oxidation. Previously, we detected large variation in vitamin E content among 161 oil palm accessions. In this study, twenty oil palm accessions with distinct variation in vitamin E contents (171.30 to 1 258.50 ppm) were selected for genetic variation analysis and developing functional markers associated with vitamin E contents. Thirty-seven homologous genes in oil palm belonging to vitamin E biosynthesis pathway were identified via BLASTP analysis, the lengths of which ranged from 426 to 25 717 bp (average 7 089 bp). Multiplex PCR sequencing for the 37 genes found 1 703 SNPs and 85 indels among the 20 oil palm accessions, with 226 SNPs locating in the coding regions. Clustering analysis for these polymorphic loci showed that the 20 oil palm accessions could be divided into five groups. Among these groups, group I included eight oil palm accessions whose vitamin E content (mean value: 893.50 ppm) was far higher than other groups (mean value 256.29 to 532.94 ppm). Correlation analysis between the markers and vitamin E traits showed that 134 SNP and 7 indel markers were significantly (p < 0.05) related with total vitamin E content. Among these functional markers, the indel EgTMT-1-24 was highly correlated with variation in vitamin E content, especially tocotrienol content. Our study identified a number of candidate function associated markers and provided clues for further research into molecular breeding for high vitamin E content oil palm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Dou
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, P.R. China
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural sciences, Wenchang, Hainan, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xia
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, P.R. China
| | - Annaliese S. Mason
- Plant Breeding Department, The University of Bonn, Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Dongyi Huang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, P.R. China
| | - Xiwei Sun
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural sciences, Wenchang, Hainan, P.R. China
| | - Haikuo Fan
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural sciences, Wenchang, Hainan, P.R. China
| | - Yong Xiao
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural sciences, Wenchang, Hainan, P.R. China
- Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, P.R. China
- * E-mail: ,
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Wang W, Li Y, Dang P, Zhao S, Lai D, Zhou L. Rice Secondary Metabolites: Structures, Roles, Biosynthesis, and Metabolic Regulation. Molecules 2018; 23:E3098. [PMID: 30486426 PMCID: PMC6320963 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important food crop providing energy and nutrients for more than half of the world population. It produces vast amounts of secondary metabolites. At least 276 secondary metabolites from rice have been identified in the past 50 years. They mainly include phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, and their derivatives. These metabolites exhibit many physiological functions, such as regulatory effects on rice growth and development, disease-resistance promotion, anti-insect activity, and allelopathic effects, as well as various kinds of biological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory properties. This review focuses on our knowledge of the structures, biological functions and activities, biosynthesis, and metabolic regulation of rice secondary metabolites. Some considerations about cheminformatics, metabolomics, genetic transformation, production, and applications related to the secondary metabolites from rice are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixuan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yuying Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Pengqin Dang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Siji Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Daowan Lai
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ligang Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Zhang J, Li Y, Guo J, Du B, He G, Zhang Y, Chen R, Li J. Lipid profiles reveal different responses to brown planthopper infestation for pest susceptible and resistant rice plants. Metabolomics 2018; 14:120. [PMID: 30830454 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1422-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brown planthopper (BPH) is the most destructive insect pest for rice, causing major reductions in rice yield and large economic losses. More than 31 BPH-resistance genes have been located, and several of them have been isolated. Nevertheless, the metabolic mechanism related to BPH-resistance genes remain uncharacterized. OBJECTIVES To elucidate the resistance mechanism of the BPH-resistance gene Bph6 at the metabolic level, a Bph6-transgenic line R6 (BPH-resistant) and the wild-type Nipponbare (BPH-susceptible) were used to investigate their lipid profiles under control and BPH treatments. METHODS In conjunction with multivariate statistical analysis and quantitative real-time PCR, BPH-induced lipid changes in leaf blade and leaf sheath were investigated by GC-MS-based lipidomics. RESULTS Forty-five lipids were identified in leaf sheath extracts. Leaf sheath lipidomics analysis results show that BPH infestation induces significant differences in the lipid profiles of Nipponbare and R6. The levels of hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, linoleic acid, methyl ester, linolenic acid, methyl ester, glycidyl palmitate, eicosanoic acid, methyl ester, docosanoic acid, methyl ester, beta-monolinolein, campesterol, beta-sitosterol, cycloartenol, phytol and phytyl acetate had undergone enormous changes after BPH feeding. These results illustrate that BPH feeding enhances sterol biosynthetic pathway in Nipponbare plants, and strengthens wax biosynthesis and phytol metabolism in R6 plants. The results of quantitative real-time PCR of 5 relevant genes were consistent with the changes in metabolic level. Forty-five lipids were identified in the leaf blade extracts. BPH infestation induces distinct changes in the lipid profiles of the leaf blade samples of Nipponbare and R6. Although the lipid changes in Nipponbare are more drastic, the changes within the two varieties are similar. Lipid profiles in leaf sheath brought out significant differences than in leaf blade within Nipponbare and R6. We propose that Bph6 mainly affects the levels of lipids in leaf sheath, and mediates resistance by deploying metabolic re-programming during BPH feeding. CONCLUSION The results indicate that wax biosynthesis, sterol biosynthetic pathway and phytol metabolism play vital roles in rice response to BPH infestation. This finding demonstrated that the combination of lipidomics and quantitative real-time PCR is an effective approach to elucidating the interactions between brown planthopper and rice mediated by resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Guangcun He
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yingjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Rongzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Jiaru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Kimura E, Abe T, Murata K, Kimura T, Otoki Y, Yoshida T, Miyazawa T, Nakagawa K. Identification of OsGGR2, a second geranylgeranyl reductase involved in α-tocopherol synthesis in rice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1870. [PMID: 29382838 PMCID: PMC5789843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19527-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tocopherol (Toc) and tocotrienol (T3) are abundant in rice bran. Geranylgeranyl reductase (GGR) is an essential enzyme for Toc production that catalyzes the reduction of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate and geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll. However, we found that a rice mutant line with inactivated Os02g0744900 (OsGGR1/LYL1/OsChl P) gene produces Toc, suggesting that rice plants may carry another enzyme with GGR activity. Using an RNA-mediated interference technique, we demonstrated that the Os01g0265000 ("OsGGR2") gene product has GGR activity. This result supports the existence of two GGR genes (OsGGR1 and OsGGR2) in rice, in contrast to Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) and cyanobacterium Synechocystis that each have only one GGR gene. We also produced rice callus with inactivated OsGGR1 and OsGGR2 that produced T3 but not Toc. Such rice callus could be used as a resource for production of pure T3 for nutraceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Kimura
- National Agricultural Research Center for Tohoku Region, NARO, Morioka, Iwate, 020-0198, Japan
| | - Takumi Abe
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980 - 0845, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Murata
- Agricultural Research Institute, Toyama Prefectural Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries Research Center, Toyama, Toyama, 939-8153, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kimura
- Division of Food Function Research, Food Research Institute, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8642, Japan
| | - Yurika Otoki
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980 - 0845, Japan
| | - Taiji Yoshida
- National Agricultural Research Center for Tohoku Region, NARO, Morioka, Iwate, 020-0198, Japan
| | - Teruo Miyazawa
- Food and Biotechnology Innovation Project, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980 - 0845, Japan.
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Tomita R, Todoroki K, Maruoka H, Yoshida H, Fujioka T, Nakashima M, Yamaguchi M, Nohta H. Amino Acid Metabolomics Using LC-MS/MS: Assessment of Cancer-Cell Resistance in a Simulated Tumor Microenvironment. ANAL SCI 2018; 32:893-900. [PMID: 27506717 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.32.893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We performed a comprehensive quantification of 20 amino acids in RPMI 1640 medium-cultured human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells to evaluate the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil treatment under hypoxic and hypoglycemic conditions, which mimic the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we developed a simple and comprehensive analytical method by using LC-MS/MS connected to the Intrada amino acid column, which eluted amino acids within 9 min. The present method covered a linearity range of 3.6 - 1818 μM, except for Gly (227 - 1818 μM), Ala, Asp, His (7.1 - 1818 μM each), and Trp (3.6 - 909 μM). The limits of detection were in the range of 0.02 - 38.0 pmol per injection in a standard solution. Amino acid concentration data were analyzed using principal-component analysis to represent samples on two-dimensional graphs. Linear discriminant analysis was used to classify samples on the score plots. Using this approach, the effect of 5-fluorouracil treatment could be successfully discriminated at high discrimination rates. Moreover, several amino acids were extracted from corresponding loading plots as candidate markers for distinguishing the effects of the 5-fluorouracil treatment or tumor microenvironmental conditions. These results suggest that our proposed method might be a useful tool for evaluating the efficacy of anticancer drugs in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Tomita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University
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Chen MH, Bergman CJ. Vitamin E Homologs and γ-Oryzanol Levels in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) During Seed Development. Cereal Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-07-15-0152-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsuan Chen
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Stuttgart, AR 72160, U.S.A. Mention of trade names or commercial products is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer
| | - Christine J. Bergman
- Department of Food and Beverage, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, U.S.A
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Kim NH, Kwak J, Baik JY, Yoon MR, Lee JS, Yoon SW, Kim IH. Changes in lipid substances in rice during grain development. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 116:170-179. [PMID: 26021733 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Lipid substances, such as fatty acids, γ-oryzanol, policosanols, and tocol (tocopherol+tocotrienol), were investigated in two rice cultivars, Ilpum and Dasan, during rice development. In both cultivars, the lipid extract level decreased steadily after it reached its maximum level. Additionally, there were differences in the fatty acid composition, depending on the rice developmental stage, between the two cultivars. The γ-oryzanol level increased during rice development, and there were differences in the composition of γ-oryzanol between the two cultivars. The levels of policosanols drastically decreased during the early stage of rice development in the two cultivars. The total tocol level showed a downward trend during rice development. The predominant tocol isomer in Ilpum was α-tocopherol during rice development. In Dasan, the predominant tocol isomer was α-tocopherol at the early stage, but γ-tocotrienol at the later stage. This study provided information on the levels and composition of lipid substances, such as fatty acids, γ-oryzanol, policosanols, and tocol during rice development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Ho Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 136 703, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kwak
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Gyunggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Baik
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 136 703, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ra Yoon
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Gyunggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeom-Sig Lee
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Gyunggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Yoon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hwan Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 136 703, Republic of Korea.
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Tomita R, Todoroki K, Machida K, Nishida S, Maruoka H, Yoshida H, Fujioka T, Nakashima M, Yamaguchi M, Nohta H. Assessment of the efficacy of anticancer drugs by amino acid metabolomics using fluorescence derivatization-HPLC. ANAL SCI 2015; 30:751-8. [PMID: 25007935 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.30.751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomic studies conducted for evaluating cancer pathogenesis and progression by monitoring the amino acids metabolic balance hold great promise for assessing current and future anticancer treatments. We performed a comprehensive quantification of 21 amino acids concentrations in cultured human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells treated with the anticancer drugs 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan, and cisplatin. A precolumn fluorescence derivatization-HPLC method involving 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate was used. Amino acid concentration data were analyzed by principal-component analysis and partial least-squares multivariate statistical methods to represent samples on two-dimensional graphs. The hierarchical cluster analysis and linear discriminant analysis were used to classify the samples on the score plots. Unlike the cluster analysis approach, the linear discrimination analysis classification successfully distinguished anticancer drug-treated samples from the untreated controls. Moreover, three candidate amino acids (serine, aspartic acid, and methionine) were identified from the loading plots as potential biomarkers. Our proposed method might be able to evaluate the effectiveness of anticancer therapy even in small laboratories or medical institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Tomita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University
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