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Yang F, Wen X, Xie S, He X, Qu G, Zhang X, Sun S, Luo Z, Liu Z, Lin Q. Characterization of lipid composition and nutritional quality of yak ghee at different altitudes: A quantitative lipidomic analysis. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101166. [PMID: 38322764 PMCID: PMC10844969 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Efficient and comprehensive analysis of lipid profiles in yak ghee samples collected from different elevations is crucial for optimal utilization of these resources. Unfortunately, such research is relatively rare. Yak ghee collected from three locations at different altitudes (S2: 2986 m; S5: 3671 m; S6: 4508 m) were analyzed by quantitative lipidomic. Our analysis identified a total of 176 lipids, and 147 s lipid of them were upregulated and 29 lipids were downregulated. These lipids have the potential to serve as biomarkers for distinguishing yak ghee from different altitudes. Notably, S2 exhibited higher levels of fatty acids (21:1) and branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (14:0/18:0), while S5 showed increased levels of phosphatidylserine (O-20:0/19:1) and glycerophosphoric acid (19:0/22:1). S6 displayed higher levels of triacylglycerol (17:0/20:5/22:3), ceramide alpha-hydroxy fatty acid-sphingosine (d17:3/34:2), and acyl glucosylceramides (16:0-18:0-18:1). Yak ghee exhibited a high content of neutralizing glycerophospholipids and various functional lipids, including sphingolipids and 21 newly discovered functional lipids. Our findings provide insights into quantitative changes in yak ghee lipids during different altitudes, development of yak ghee products, and screening of potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyan Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, Changsha Engineering Research Center of Food Storage and Preservation, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, Changsha Engineering Research Center of Food Storage and Preservation, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Siwei Xie
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, Changsha Engineering Research Center of Food Storage and Preservation, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Xudong He
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, Changsha Engineering Research Center of Food Storage and Preservation, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Guangfan Qu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, Changsha Engineering Research Center of Food Storage and Preservation, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, Changsha Engineering Research Center of Food Storage and Preservation, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Shuguo Sun
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, Changsha Engineering Research Center of Food Storage and Preservation, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Zhang Luo
- College of Food Science, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, Tibet, China
| | - Zhendong Liu
- College of Food Science, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, Tibet, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, Changsha Engineering Research Center of Food Storage and Preservation, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
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2
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Zhang JJ, Gao Y, Zhao ML, Xu X, Xi BN, Lin LK, Zheng JY, Chen B, Shu Y, Li C, Shen Y. Detection of walnut oil adulterated with high-linoleic acid vegetable oils using triacylglycerol pseudotargeted method based on SFC-QTOF-MS. Food Chem 2023; 416:135837. [PMID: 36905710 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Authentication of walnut oil (WO) is challenging due to the adulteration of high-linoleic acid vegetable oils (HLOs) with similar fatty acid composition. To allow the discrimination of WO adulteration, a rapid, sensitive and stable scanning method based on supercritical fluid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SFC-QTOF-MS) was established to profile 59 potential triacylglycerol (TAGs) in HLOs samples within 10 min. Limit of quantitation of the proposed method is 0.002 µg mL-1 and the relative standard deviations range from 0.7% to 12.0%. TAGs profiles of WO samples from various varieties, geography origins, ripeness, and processing methods were used to construct orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and OPLS models that were highly accurate in both qualitative and quantitative prediction at adulteration levels as low as 5% (w/w). This study advances the TAGs analysis to characterize vegetable oils and holds promise as an efficient method for oil authentication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
| | - Yan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Bo-Nan Xi
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Li-Ke Lin
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Jing-Yi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Bang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Yu Shu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China.
| | - Yehua Shen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China.
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3
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Analysis of milk with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry: a review. Eur Food Res Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-04197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
AbstractAs a widely consumed foodstuff, milk and dairy products are increasingly studied over the years. At the present time, milk profiling is used as a benchmark to assess the properties of milk. Modern biomolecular mass spectrometers have become invaluable to fully characterize the milk composition. This review reports the analysis of milk and its components using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC–MS). LC–MS analysis as a whole will be discussed subdivided into the major constituents of milk, namely, lipids, proteins, sugars and the mineral fraction.
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4
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Comparison of Workflows for Milk Lipid Analysis: Phospholipids. Foods 2022; 12:foods12010163. [PMID: 36613379 PMCID: PMC9818897 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk is a rich source of lipids, with the major components being triglycerides (TAG) and phospholipids (mainly phosphatidylcholine (PC), sphingomyelin (SM), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylinositol (PI)). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is the predominant technique for lipid identification and quantification across all biological samples. While fatty acid (FA) composition of the major lipid classes of milk can be readily determined using tandem MS, elucidating the regio-distribution and double bond position of the FA remains difficult. Various workflows have been reported on the quantification of lipid species in biological samples in the past 20 years, but no standard or consensus methods are currently available for the quantification of milk phospholipids. This study will examine the influence of several common factors in lipid analysis workflow (including lipid extraction protocols, LC stationary phases, mobile phase buffers, gradient elution programmes, mass analyser resolution and isotope correction) on the quantification outcome of bovine milk phospholipids. The pros and cons of the current LC-MS methods as well as the critical problems to be solved will also be discussed.
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5
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Zhang X, Wei W, Tao G, Jin Q, Wang X. Triacylglycerol regioisomers containing palmitic acid analyzed by ultra-performance supercritical fluid chromatography and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry: Comparison of standard curve calibration and calculation equation. Food Chem 2022; 391:133280. [PMID: 35640342 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG) regioisomers containing palmitic acid (16:0) was identified using ultra-performance supercritical fluid chromatography and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPSFC-Q-TOF-MS) and quantified using calibration curve method and calculation equation method. There were negative linear correlation between [RA-A]+/[RA-A]++[RA-B]+ and content of sn-A-B-A (%) for AAB/ABA type TAGs, [Rsn-1 FA-sn-3 FA]+/[RB-C]++[RA-C]++[RA-B]+ and content of fatty acid (FA) at sn-2 position (%) for BAC/ABC/ACB type TAGs. The difference between calculation equation and standard curve method was acceptable. The TAG regioisomers in human milk, mammalian milk, lard and fish oil were identified and quantified using the developed methods. This study provided a reliable and facile method for analysis of the TAG regioisomers, which was capable of the selection of oil materials for infant formula production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Guanjun Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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6
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Variations in the milk lipidomes of two dairy cow herds fed hay- or silage-based diets over a full year. Food Chem 2022; 390:133091. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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7
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Ren C, Jin J, Zhang Y, Jin Q, Wang X. Triacylglycerol fingerprint of sow milks during different lactation stages and from different breeds. J DAIRY RES 2022; 89:1-10. [PMID: 36128794 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029922000607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Sow milk fats not only provide energy but also essential nutrients for piglets. Thus, feeding strategies must be aligned with fat composition, especially triacylglycerols (TAGs) and their isomers. The triacylglycerol (TAG) profiles of sow milk fats from five typical breeds (Landrace × Large White, Landrace, Large White, Duroc, Pietrain) and two lactation stages (colostrum and milk) were systematically studied. A total of 45 major TAG species were identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The most abundant TAG was oleic acid-palmitic acid-linoleic acid (O-P-L) (13.92% and 12.03% in colostrum and milk, respectively), which was not significantly different in colostrum among all breeds. TAG composition of sow milk was affected mainly by the lactation stage rather than sow breed. Furthermore, TAG compositions of sow milk fats were similar to those of human milk fats, but significant differences were observed between commercial piglet formulas and sow milk. Therefore, the results will contribute to the optimization of piglet formulas to improve the growth and wellness of piglets, as well as potentially providing a basis for food usage as a new source of nutrients for human infants in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuirong Ren
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jun Jin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yanbing Zhang
- HuaNong Lipid Nutrition Technology Co., Ltd in Shandong Province, Binzhou, 256600, China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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8
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Yan S, Bhawal R, Yin Z, Thannhauser TW, Zhang S. Recent advances in proteomics and metabolomics in plants. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2022; 2:17. [PMID: 37789425 PMCID: PMC10514990 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-022-00038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, systems biology and plant-omics have increasingly become the main stream in plant biology research. New developments in mass spectrometry and bioinformatics tools, and methodological schema to integrate multi-omics data have leveraged recent advances in proteomics and metabolomics. These progresses are driving a rapid evolution in the field of plant research, greatly facilitating our understanding of the mechanistic aspects of plant metabolisms and the interactions of plants with their external environment. Here, we review the recent progresses in MS-based proteomics and metabolomics tools and workflows with a special focus on their applications to plant biology research using several case studies related to mechanistic understanding of stress response, gene/protein function characterization, metabolic and signaling pathways exploration, and natural product discovery. We also present a projection concerning future perspectives in MS-based proteomics and metabolomics development including their applications to and challenges for system biology. This review is intended to provide readers with an overview of how advanced MS technology, and integrated application of proteomics and metabolomics can be used to advance plant system biology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijuan Yan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruchika Bhawal
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, 139 Biotechnology Building, 526 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Zhibin Yin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Sheng Zhang
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, 139 Biotechnology Building, 526 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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9
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Liu Q, Zhao J, Liu Y, Qiao W, Jiang T, Liu Y, Yu X, Chen L. Advances in analysis, metabolism and mimicking of human milk lipids. Food Chem 2022; 393:133332. [PMID: 35661604 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Human milk lipids differ from the milk lipids of other mammals in composition and positional distribution of fatty acids. Analysis and detection technology of lipids is key to understanding milk lipids, and thus the concentrations, compositions and distribution characteristics of milk lipids are discussed. Differences between human milk lipids and their substitutes in form, composition and structure affect their digestion, absorption and function in infants. Characteristics and mimicking of human milk lipids have been intensively studied with the objective of narrowing the gap between human milk and infant formulae. Based on the existing achievements, further progress may be made by improving detection techniques, deepening knowledge of metabolic pathways and perfecting fat substitutes. This review detailed the characteristics of human milk lipids and related detection technologies with a view towards providing a clear direction for research on mimicking human milk lipids in formulae to further improve infant nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
| | - Junying Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
| | - Yan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
| | - Weicang Qiao
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
| | - Tiemin Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China; South Asia Branch of National Engineering Center of Dairy for Maternal and Child Health, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Yan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
| | - Xiaowen Yu
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China.
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10
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Korma SA, Li L, Wei W, Liu P, Zhang X, Bakry IA, An P, Abdrabo KAE, Manzoor MF, Umair M, Cacciotti I, Lorenzo JM, Conte-Junior CA. A Comparative Study of Milk Fat Extracted from the Milk of Different Goat Breeds in China: Fatty Acids, Triacylglycerols and Thermal and Spectroscopic Characterization. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050730. [PMID: 35625657 PMCID: PMC9138446 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Goat milk (GM) is an excellent alternative to cow milk and has recently been used in commercial infant formula preparation due to its superior fat composition. Here, the fatty acid (FA) composition, triacylglycerol (TAG) molecular species, thermal behavior and infrared spectra of extracted milk fat from the milk of the two main breeds of dairy goat bred in China (Guanzhong GM (GZG) and Xinong Saanen GM (XSG)) are investigated. Gas chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and ultra-performance convergence chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry are applied. The obtained results evidence significant fat compositional differences based on the breed that produced the considered GM. The major FAs in both GM fats were capric (C10:0), myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0) and oleic (C18:1 n-9c). GZG presented a higher content of medium-chain saturated FAs, while XSG had higher unsaturated FAs with higher ratios of L/Ln and n-6/n-3. A total of 339 and 359 TAGs were detected and quantified in GZG and XSG, and the major TAGs were those of m/z 740.6712 (14.10 ± 0.27%) and m/z 684.6094 (10.94 ± 0.02%), respectively. Milk TAGs of GZG and XSG showed 24–54 and 26–54 total acyl carbon numbers with a 0–4 and 0–5 double bond number at 68 and 72 various retention times, respectively. Thermal analysis showed that all GM fat samples melted below normal body temperature. Infrared spectra revealed higher absorption values of GZG milk fat. This study provides valuable information to the dairy industry sector about GM fat produced in China, assessing the appropriateness of Chinese GM fat to be applied in Chinese infant formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh A. Korma
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (S.A.K.); (P.L.); (P.A.); (K.A.E.A.); (M.F.M.)
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Li Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (S.A.K.); (P.L.); (P.A.); (K.A.E.A.); (M.F.M.)
- Sino-Singapore International Joint Research Institute, Guangzhou 510000, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (W.W.); Tel.: +86-208-711-4262 (L.L.); +86-510-858-767-99 (W.W.)
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (W.W.); Tel.: +86-208-711-4262 (L.L.); +86-510-858-767-99 (W.W.)
| | - Pengzhan Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (S.A.K.); (P.L.); (P.A.); (K.A.E.A.); (M.F.M.)
| | - Xinghe Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
| | - Ibrahim A. Bakry
- Department of Food and Dairy Technology, Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Peipei An
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (S.A.K.); (P.L.); (P.A.); (K.A.E.A.); (M.F.M.)
| | - Khaled A. E. Abdrabo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (S.A.K.); (P.L.); (P.A.); (K.A.E.A.); (M.F.M.)
| | - Muhammad Faisal Manzoor
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (S.A.K.); (P.L.); (P.A.); (K.A.E.A.); (M.F.M.)
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
| | - Ilaria Cacciotti
- Department of Engineering, INSTM RU, University of Rome “Niccolò Cusano”, 00166 Roma, Italy;
| | - José M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de La Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia N° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain;
- Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil;
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Karrar E, Mohamed Ahmed IA, Huppertz T, Oz F, Wei W, Wang X. Determination of triacylglycerols in milk fat from different species using UPLC–Q-TOF–MS. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2022.105405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Sun X, Shi J, Li R, Chen X, Zhang S, Xu YJ, Liu Y. SWATH-MS2&1: Development and Validation of a Pseudotargeted Lipidomics Method for the Analysis of Glycerol Esters in Milk. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3331-3343. [PMID: 35230101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glycerol ester (GE) is a kind of important lipid in milk, which varies greatly depending on many factors. In this study, a novel pseudotargeted lipidomics strategy, named SWATH-MS2&1, was developed for the detection of GEs in milk and the Folch method was selected for the sample preparation. The developed method exhibited a competitive alternative to the acknowledged pseudotargeted strategy, including wider coverage (12 more GEs detected), higher repeatability (12 more GEs, whose coefficient of variation < 0.3), better linearity (5 more GEs, whose R2 > 0.8), and similar sensitivity (only 2 GEs less than P-MRM after dilution). SWATH-MS2&1 was applied in the investigation of GEs from different milk samples. The orthogonal partial least-squares difference analysis of 219 GEs identified from SWATH-MS2&1 showed satisfying differentiation of different milk samples, and 76 GEs were screened out as potential markers. Our findings demonstrated that SWATH-MS2&1 could offer an accurate method to measure a wide spectrum of GEs in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Reacher Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiachen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Reacher Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruizhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Reacher Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Reacher Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Jiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Reacher Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Reacher Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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13
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Gao H, Gao W, Yang X, Liu Y, Wang Z. Effects of different tempering temperatures on the properties of industrial sheet margarine. RSC Adv 2022; 12:23311-23321. [PMID: 36090435 PMCID: PMC9380702 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03999k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tempering conditions have significant effects on the microstructure, physicochemical properties and application functionalities of ISM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houbin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Wilmar (shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology. Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xiaomin Yang
- Wilmar (shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhouping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing of Sichuan, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
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14
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Triacylglycerol and Fatty Acid Compositions of Blackberry, Red Raspberry, Black Raspberry, Blueberry and Cranberry Seed Oils by Ultra-Performance Convergence Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112530. [PMID: 34828811 PMCID: PMC8621136 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The triacylglycerol (TAG) compositions of blackberry, red raspberry, black raspberry, blueberry and cranberry seed oils were examined using ultra-performance convergence chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPC2-QTOF MS). A total of 52, 53, 52, 59 and 58 TAGs were detected and tentatively identified from the blackberry, red raspberry, black raspberry, blueberry and cranberry seed oils, respectively, according to their accurate molecular weight in MS1 and fragment ion profiles in MS2. OLL was the most abundant TAG in the blackberry, red raspberry and black raspberry seed oils. Furthermore, the fatty acid compositions of the five berry seed oils were directly determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In addition, the seed oils had total phenolic contents ranging 13.68–177.06 µmol GAE (gallic acid equivalent)/L oil, and significant scavenging capacities against DPPH, peroxyl, and ABTS+ radicals. These results indicated that the combination of UPC2 and QTOF MS could effectively identify and semi-quantify the TAGs compositions of the berry seed oils with sn-position information for the fatty acids. Understanding the TAGs compositions of these berry seed oils could improve the utilization of these potentially high nutritional value oils for human health.
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15
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Toribio L, Bernal J, Martín MT, Ares AM. Supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry: A valuable tool in food analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Li M, Li Q, Song W, Liu Y, Zhang X, Zheng Y, Yue X. Discovery of lipid biomarkers between bovine colostrum and milk using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS lipidomics. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Zhang X, Wei W, Tao G, Jin Q, Wang X. Identification and Quantification of Triacylglycerols Using Ultraperformance Supercritical Fluid Chromatography and Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry: Comparison of Human Milk, Infant Formula, Other Mammalian Milk, and Plant Oil. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:8991-9003. [PMID: 33755452 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG) components in human milk during different lactation periods, infant formulas with different fat sources, other mammalian milk (cow, goat, donkey, and yak milk), and plant oil (sunflower, rapeseed, corn, soybean, palm, palm kernel, and coconut oil) were analyzed and compared using ultraperformance supercritical fluid chromatography and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPSFC-Q-TOF-MS). We identified 191 TAGs (86, 102, 101, and 54 TAGs in human milk, infant formula, mammalian milk, and plant oil, respectively). TAGs esterified with palmitic acid (16:0) were major TAG structures in human milk (59.08% of total TAGs) and contained 30 TAG types. The sn-O/P/O regioisomer constituted more than 80% of the O/P/O content of human milk, whereas the sn-O/O/P levels were higher in other samples. The carbon number (CN) 52 content was higher than the CN 54 content in human milk, with the opposite observed in infant formula. TAGs with CN < 40 content were abundant in cow, goat, and yak milk; donkey milk was rich in CN 52 content. TAGs composed of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) were rich in human milk, while TAGs with three MCFAs were rich in infant formula. The TAG characteristics of infant formula were directly related to its fat resource. TAGs with fewer double bonds were abundant in the plant oil formula; however, highly unsaturated TAGs were prominent in the cow and goat milk formulas, similar to plant oil and mammalian milk. Significant differences in the TAG distribution were observed among the different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghe Zhang
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guanjun Tao
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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18
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Analysis of Triacylglycerols in Sumac (Rhus typhina L.) Seed Oil from Different Origins by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Xia T, Yuan M, Xu Y, Zhou F, Yu K, Xia Y. Deep Structural Annotation of Glycerolipids by the Charge-Tagging Paterno-Büchi Reaction and Supercritical Fluid Chromatography-Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:8345-8353. [PMID: 34056897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycerolipids (GLs) are essential for cellular lipid homeostasis, while dysregulation in GL metabolism is often associated with the onset or progression of human-related metabolic diseases. The profile of GLs is thus frequently used as a molecular readout for disease phenotyping. Although mass spectrometry (MS) is the method of choice for GL profiling, the current MS methods are unable to differentiate two major types of structural isomers due to the fact that fatty acyls can be linked to different positions on the glycerol backbone (sn-positions) and the site(s) of unsaturation in acyl chains. Herein, by utilizing charge-tagging Paterno-Büchi (PB) derivatization of carbon-carbon double bond (C═C), supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), and mobility aligned tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), a workflow has been developed for the sensitive and structurally informative analysis of GLs. SFC allows fast separation (within 25 min) of sn-isomers of diacylglycerols (DGs) and separation of triacylglycerols (TGs) of different chain lengths and degrees of unsaturation. Time-aligned parallel fragmentation enables multiple-stage MS/MS of the PB-derivatized lipids in a high-throughput fashion and allows pinpointing C═C location to a specific fatty acyl chain. This workflow reveals the presence of more than 500 molecular structures of neutral lipids from pooled human plasma. A comparison of human plasma samples between type 2 diabetes (N = 7) and control (N = 7) shows significant changes in isomer compositions (C18:1 Δ9 vs Δ11) from nine groups of TG and DG. These findings suggest that the developed workflow can be potentially applied to lipid marker discovery for disease monitoring or diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- Waters Corporation, Shanghai 201206, China
| | - Yongwei Xu
- Waters Corporation, Shanghai 201206, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Bytedance Technology Co., Shanghai 201103, China
| | - Kate Yu
- Waters Corporation, Milford, Massachusetts 01532, United States
| | - Yu Xia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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20
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Peng KY, Salim M, Pelle J, Ramirez G, Boyd BJ. TAILOR-MS, a Python Package that Deciphers Complex Triacylglycerol Fatty Acyl Structures: Applications for Bovine Milk and Infant Formulas. Anal Chem 2021; 93:5684-5690. [PMID: 33797237 PMCID: PMC8047770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and other mass spectrometric technologies have been widely applied for triacylglycerol profiling. One challenge for targeted identification of fatty acyl moieties that constitute triacylglycerol species in biological samples is the numerous combinations of 3 fatty acyl groups that can form a triacylglycerol molecule. Manual determination of triacylglycerol structures based on peak intensities and retention time can be highly inefficient and error-prone. To resolve this, we have developed TAILOR-MS, a Python (programming language) package that aims at assisting: (1) the generation of targeted LC/MS methods for triacylglycerol detection and (2) automating triacylglycerol structural determination and prediction. To assess the performance of TAILOR-MS, we conducted LC/MS triacylglycerol profiling of bovine milk and two infant formulas. Our results confirmed dissimilarities between bovine milk and infant formula triacylglycerol composition. Furthermore, we identified 247 triacylglycerol species and predicted the possible existence of another 317 in the bovine milk sample, representing one of the most comprehensive reports on the triacylglycerol composition of bovine milk thus far. Likewise, we presented here a complete infant formula triacylglycerol profile and reported >200 triacylglycerol species. TAILOR-MS dramatically shortened the time required for triacylglycerol structural identification from hours to seconds and performed decent structural predictions in the absence of some triacylglycerol constituent peaks. Taken together, TAILOR-MS is a valuable tool that can greatly save time and improve accuracy for targeted LC/MS triacylglycerol profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Yu Peng
- Haematology Research Group, The Heart Research Institute, University of Sydney, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia
| | - Malinda Salim
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Joseph Pelle
- Helen Macpherson Smith Trust laboratory at Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Gisela Ramirez
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ben J Boyd
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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21
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Ali AH, Wei W, Khalifa SA, Zhang X, Wang X. Effect of pasteurisation, homogenisation and freeze‐drying on bovine and buffalo milk fat triacylglycerols profile. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmoneim H Ali
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
- Department of Food Science Faculty of Agriculture Zagazig University Zagazig 44511 Egypt
| | - Wei Wei
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Salah A Khalifa
- Department of Food Science Faculty of Agriculture Zagazig University Zagazig 44511 Egypt
| | - Xinghe Zhang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
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22
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Sun T, Luo J, Xu Y, Sun X, Yang S, Yang M. Ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography method for separation and quantitation of saikosaponins in herbal medicine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 199:114039. [PMID: 33839642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Saikosaponins are the main active ingredients of Bupleuri Radix and have been shown to have hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory and anti-viral activities. Among the saikosaponins, saikosaponin a (SSa), saikosaponin b1 (SSb1) and saikosaponin b2 (SSb2) are a group of isomers, which are difficult to separate by HPLC. In this study, a new method for separation and quantitation of saikosaponins was established by using ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography (UHPSFC). A Torus Diol column (100 mm × 3 mm, 1.7 μm) was applied in this study. The mobile phase CO2 (A) was the main solvent with MeOH (B) as co-solvent. The results showed that the five saikosaponins were successfully separated within 22 min through optimization of chromatographic conditions. Besides, the UHPSFC method was applied for the quantitation of saikosaponins in a patent medicine Chaihu Dropping Pills, and demonstrated a good correlation coefficient (R2) ≥ 0.9990 in the range of 0.025 - 0.25 mg/mL. The recoveries of the five saikosaponins at three different concentrations were in the range of 90.23-99.84%. This study indicates that the proposed method has high separation efficiency in analyzing saikosaponins, which provides a new way for the separation and quantitation of saikosaponins in herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiaoyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xinqi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shihai Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Meihua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
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23
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Lipophilic extracts isolated from European cranberry bush (Viburnum opulus) and sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) berry pomace by supercritical CO 2 - Promising bioactive ingredients for foods and nutraceuticals. Food Chem 2021; 348:129047. [PMID: 33515951 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lipophilic extracts of Viburnum opulus (VOP) and Hippophae rhamnoides (SBP) berry pomace recovered by supercritical CO2 (SFE-CO2) were analysed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and GC × GC-TOF for their triacylglycerol, tocopherol, phytosterol and fatty acid composition, while oxidative stability was evaluated by Oxipres and Rancimat methods. SFE-CO2 recovered 16.99% and 26.24% of lipids from SBP and VOP, respectively. Linoleic, linolenic, oleic, palmitic and palmitoleic acids were major in SBP oil, while VOP oil was composed of almost equal amounts of linoleic and oleic acids. Therefore, remarkably higher diversity of triacylglycerols was identified in SBP. The content of β-sitosterol and α-tocopherol was 359.5-514.5 and 65.38-118.6 mg/100 g, respectively. Hydrocarbons were other quantitatively important lipophilic components, including health beneficial squalene. All extracts improved oxidative stability of mayonnaise. The extracts of berry processing by-products by green extraction method contain valuable bioactive constituents and could be of high interest for applications in functional foods and nutraceuticals.
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24
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Lipid Compositions and Geographical Discrimination of 94 Geographically Authentic Wheat Samples Based on UPLC-MS with Non-Targeted Lipidomic Approach. Foods 2020; 10:foods10010010. [PMID: 33374499 PMCID: PMC7822159 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat is the staple food for the world’s major populations. However, chemical characters of geographically authentic wheat samples, especially for the lipids, have not been deeply studied. The present research aimed to investigate lipid compositions of Chinese wheat samples and clarify the major markers that contribute to the geographical differences. A total of 94 wheat samples from eight main wheat-producing provinces in China were evaluated to differentiate their lipid compositions. Based on the data collected from ultra-high-performance-liquid-chromatography tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF MS), an optimized non-targeted lipidomic method was utilized for analyses. As the results, 62 lipid compounds, including fatty acids, phospholipids, galactolipids, triglycerides, diglycerides, alkylresorcinol, and ceramide were tentatively identified. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) demonstrated a more satisfying performance in distinguishing wheat samples from different origins compared with principal component analysis (PCA). Further, the abundances of triglycerides and glycerophospholipids with more unsaturated fatty acids were found greater in wheat samples from northern origins of China, while more glycolipids and unsaturated fatty acids arose in southern original wheat samples. These findings describe the lipid profiles of wheat samples in China and could contribute to the quality and safety control for the wheat flour products.
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25
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Risoluti R, Gullifa G, Materazi S. Assessing the Quality of Milk Using a Multicomponent Analytical Platform MicroNIR/Chemometric. Front Chem 2020; 8:614718. [PMID: 33335892 PMCID: PMC7736405 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.614718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, an innovative screening platform based on MicroNIR and chemometrics is proposed for the on-site and contactless monitoring of the quality of milk using simultaneous multicomponent analysis. The novelty of this completely automated tool consists of a miniaturized NIR spectrometer operating in a wireless mode that allows samples to be processed in a rapid and accurate way and to obtain in a single click a comprehensive characterization of the chemical composition of milk. To optimize the platform, milk specimens with different origins and compositions were considered and prediction models were developed by chemometric analysis of the NIR spectra using Partial Least Square regression algorithms. Once calibrated, the platform was used to predict samples acquired in the market and validation was performed by comparing results of the novel platform with those obtained from the chromatographic analysis. Results demonstrated the ability of the platform to differentiate milk as a function of the distribution of fatty acids, providing a rapid and non-destructive method to assess the quality of milk and to avoid food adulteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Risoluti
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Materazi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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26
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Bukowski MR, Picklo MJ. Simple, Rapid Lipidomic Analysis of Triacylglycerols in Bovine Milk by Infusion-Electrospray Mass Spectrometry. Lipids 2020; 56:243-255. [PMID: 33169389 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bovine milk is a complex mixture of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and other factors of which lipids comprise 3-5% of the total mass. Rapid analysis and characterization of the triacylglycerols (TAG) that comprise about 95% of the total lipid is daunting given the numerous TAG species. In the attached methods paper, we demonstrate an improved method for identifying and quantifying TAG species by infusion-based "shotgun" lipidomics. Because of the broad range of TAG species in milk, a single internal standard was insufficient for the analysis and required sectioning the spectrum into three portions based upon mass range to provide accurate quantitation of TAG species. Isobaric phospholipid interferences were removed using a simple dispersive solid-phase extraction step. Using this method, > 100 TAG species were quantitated by acyl carbon number and desaturation level in a sample of commercially purchased bovine milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Bukowski
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
| | - Matthew J Picklo
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
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27
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Oellig C, Blankart M, Hinrichs J, Schwack W, Granvogl M. Determination of mono- and diacylglycerols from E 471 food emulsifiers in aerosol whipping cream by high-performance thin-layer chromatography-fluorescence detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:7441-7451. [PMID: 32862272 PMCID: PMC7533252 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02876-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mono- and diacylglycerol (MAG and DAG) emulsifiers (E 471) are widely applied to regulate techno-functional properties in different food categories, for example, in dairy products. A method for the determination of MAG and DAG in aerosol whipping cream by high-performance thin-layer chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPTLC-FLD) after derivatization with primuline was developed. For sample preparation, aerosol whipping cream was mixed with ethanol, followed by the addition of water and liquid-liquid extraction with tert-butyl methyl ether. The sample extracts were analyzed by HPTLC-FLD on silica gel LiChrospher plates with n-pentane/n-hexane/diethyl ether (22.5:22.5:55, v/v/v) as mobile phase, when interfering matrix like cholesterol and triacylglycerols were successfully separated from the E 471 food additives. For quantitation, an emulsifier with known composition was used as calibration standard and the fluorescent MAG and DAG were scanned at 366/> 400 nm. Limits of detection and quantitation of 4 and 11 mg/100 g aerosol whipping cream were obtained for both monostearin and 1,2-distearin, respectively, and allowed the reliable quantitation of MAG and DAG from E 471 far below commonly applied emulsifier amounts. Recoveries from model aerosol whipping cream with 400 mg E 471/100 g were determined in a calibration range of 200-600 mg E 471/100 g sample and ranged between 86 and 105% with relative standard deviations below 7%. In aerosol whipping creams from the German market, E 471 amounts ranged between 384 and 610 mg/100 g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Oellig
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry (170a), Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Max Blankart
- Department of Soft Matter Science and Dairy Technology (150e), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 21, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jörg Hinrichs
- Department of Soft Matter Science and Dairy Technology (150e), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 21, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schwack
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry (170a), Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Granvogl
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry (170a), Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
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28
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Gong M, Wei W, Hu Y, Jin Q, Wang X. Structure determination of conjugated linoleic and linolenic acids. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1153:122292. [PMID: 32755819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic and linolenic acids (CLA and CLnA) can be found in dairy, ruminant meat and oilseeds, these types of unsaturated fatty acids consist of various positional and geometrical isomers, and have demonstrated health-promoting potential for human beings. Extensive reviews have reported the physiological effects of CLA, CLnA, while little is known regarding their isomer-specific effects. However, the isomers are difficult to identify, owing to (i) the similar retention time in common chromatographic methods; and (ii) the isomers are highly sensitive to high temperature, pH changes, and oxidation. The uncertainties in molecular structure have hindered investigations on the physiological effects of CLA and CLnA. Therefore, this review presents a summary of the currently available technologies for the structural determination of CLA and CLnA, including the presence confirmation, double bond position determination, and the potential stereo-isomer determination. Special focus has been projected to the novel techniques for structure determination of CLA and CLnA. Some possible future directions are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Gong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Yulin Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
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29
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Sun T, Wang X, Cong P, Xu J, Xue C. Mass spectrometry-based lipidomics in food science and nutritional health: A comprehensive review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:2530-2558. [PMID: 33336980 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
With the advance in science and technology as well as the improvement of living standards, the function of food is no longer just to meet the needs of survival. Food science and its associated nutritional health issues have been increasingly debated. Lipids, as complex metabolites, play a key role both in food and human health. Taking advantages of mass spectrometry (MS) by combining its high sensitivity and accuracy with extensive selective determination of all lipid classes, MS-based lipidomics has been employed to resolve the conundrum of addressing both qualitative and quantitative aspects of high-abundance and low-abundance lipids in complex food matrices. In this review, we systematically summarize current applications of MS-based lipidomics in food field. First, common MS-based lipidomics procedures are described. Second, the applications of MS-based lipidomics in food science, including lipid composition characterization, adulteration, traceability, and other issues, are discussed. Third, the application of MS-based lipidomics for nutritional health covering the influence of food on health and disease is introduced. Finally, future research trends and challenges are proposed. MS-based lipidomics plays an important role in the field of food science, promoting continuous development of food science and integration of food knowledge with other disciplines. New methods of MS-based lipidomics have been developed to improve accuracy and sensitivity of lipid analysis in food samples. These developments offer the possibility to fully characterize lipids in food samples, identify novel functional lipids, and better understand the role of food in promoting healt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xincen Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Peixu Cong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Laboratory of Marine Drugs & Biological Products, Qingdao, China
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30
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Li Y, Yuan F, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Gao B, Yu L. Triacylglycerols and Fatty Acid Compositions of Cucumber, Tomato, Pumpkin, and Carrot Seed Oils by Ultra-Performance Convergence Chromatography Combined with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Foods 2020; 9:E970. [PMID: 32707916 PMCID: PMC7466086 DOI: 10.3390/foods9080970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The triacylglycerol (TAG) compositions of cucumber, tomato, pumpkin, and carrot seed oils were analyzed using ultra-performance convergence chromatography (UPC2) combined with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF MS). A total of 36, 42, 39, and 27 different TAGs were characterized based on their Q-TOF MS accurate molecular weight and MS2 fragment ion profiles in the cucumber, tomato, pumpkin, and carrot seed oils, respectively. Generally, different vegetable seed oils had different TAGs compositions. Among the identified fatty acids, linoleic acid was the most abundant fatty acid in cucumber, tomato, and pumpkin seed oils and the second most abundant in carrot seed oil with relative concentrations of 54.48, 48.69, 45.10, and 15.92 g/100 g total fatty acids, respectively. Oleic acid has the highest concentration in carrot seed oil and the second highest in cucumber, tomato, and pumpkin seed oils, with relative concentrations of 78.97, 18.57, 27.16, and 33.39 g/100 g total fatty acids, respectively. The chemical compositions of TAGs and fatty acids could promote understanding about the chemical profiles of certain vegetable seed oils, thus improving the potential ability to select appropriate oils with specific functions and a high nutritional value and then develop functional foods in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Li
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.L.); (F.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Fanghao Yuan
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.L.); (F.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yanbei Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China;
| | - Yaqiong Zhang
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.L.); (F.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Boyan Gao
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.L.); (F.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Liangli Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
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31
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Luo Y, Gao B, Zhang Y, Yu L(L. Detection of olive oil adulteration with vegetable oils by ultra-performance convergence chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPC 2-QTOF MS) coupled with multivariate data analysis based on the differences of triacylglycerol compositions. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:3759-3767. [PMID: 32724638 PMCID: PMC7382181 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Three different vegetable oils, including soybean, corn, and sunflower oils, were differentiated from olive oil by using ultra-performance convergence chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight (UPC2-QTOF MS) and multivariate data analysis based on their differences in triacylglycerol compositions. Then, olive oil was adulterated by adding these three vegetable oils in 1%, 0.75%, and 0.5% (v/v), and the adulterated olive oils were differentiated from the pure olive oils using the similar analytical strategies but different data processing approaches. After that, the representative markers in differentiating the adulterations were selected, and a mathematical model was created to detect the olive oil adulteration based on these specific markers. These results indicated that UPC2-QTOF MS coupled with multivariate data analysis is a sensitive and accurate method in detecting olive oil adulteration, even in 0.5% adulteration level (v/v). This method could be applied in olive oil adulteration detection, and potentially beneficial to the oil industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Luo
- College of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringNational Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable ProcessingKey Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing Ministry of AgricultureEngineering Research Centre for Fruit and Vegetable ProcessingMinistry of EducationChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Boyan Gao
- China‐Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing)Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU)BeijingChina
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical ScienceSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA
| | - Yaqiong Zhang
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical ScienceSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Liangli (Lucy) Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA
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32
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Li M, Li Q, Kang S, Cao X, Zheng Y, Wu J, Wu R, Shao J, Yang M, Yue X. Characterization and comparison of lipids in bovine colostrum and mature milk based on UHPLC-QTOF-MS lipidomics. Food Res Int 2020; 136:109490. [PMID: 32846571 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lipids in bovine milk have several biological activities, with implications for human health and the physical functionality of foods. However, alterations in the lipid profile of bovine milk during lactation are not well-studied. This study aimed to identify differences in lipids between bovine colostrum and mature milk, using a lipidomics approach. Using an advanced mass spectrometry-based quantitative lipidomics approach, 335 lipids assigned to 13 subclasses were characterized in bovine colostrum (BC) and mature milk (BM). In total, 63 significantly differential lipids (SDLs) were identified. Among the 63 SDLs, the levels of 21 lipids were significantly lower in BM than in BC, including 5 glycerophosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), 1 glycerophosphatidylglycerol (PG), and 15 triacylglycerols (TGs). The levels of the remaining 42 lipids increased in BM, including 1 cardiolipin (CL), 9 diacylglycerols (DGs), 9 dihexosylceramides (Hex2Cers), 3 hexosylceramides (HexCers), 3 glycerophosphatidic acids (PAs), 2 glycerophosphatidylcholines (PCs), 12 PEs, and 3 TGs. Furthermore, the correlations and related metabolic pathways of these 63 SDLs were analyzed to explore the mechanisms that alter bovine milk lipids during lactation. The seven most relevant pathways identified herein, ranked in accordance with their degree of influence on lactation, were glycerophospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis, linoleic acid metabolism, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism. Our results provide essential insights into mechanisms underlying alterations in bovine milk lipids during different lactation periods, along with practical information of specific nutrition and quality assessments for the dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qilong Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shimo Kang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xueyan Cao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Junrui Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Rina Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Junhua Shao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Mei Yang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Xiqing Yue
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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33
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Effects of Fish Oil and Grape Seed Extract Combination on Hepatic Endogenous Antioxidants and Bioactive Lipids in Diet-Induced Early Stages of Insulin Resistance in Rats. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18060318. [PMID: 32560216 PMCID: PMC7345288 DOI: 10.3390/md18060318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diacylglycerols (DAG) and ceramides have been suggested as early predictors of insulin resistance. This study was aimed to examine the combined effects of fish oil (FO) and grape seed extract (GSE) on hepatic endogenous antioxidants, DAG and ceramides in diet-induced early stages of insulin resistance. Thirty-five rats were fed one of the following diets: (1) a standard diet (STD group), (2) a high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFHS group), (3) an HFHS diet enriched with FO (FO group), (4) an HFHS diet enriched with GSE (GSE group) or (5) an HFHS diet enriched with FO and GSE (FO + GSE group). In the liver, endogenous antioxidants were measured using spectrophotometric and fluorometric techniques, and non-targeted lipidomics was conducted for the assessment of DAG and ceramides. After 24 weeks, the FO + GSE group showed increased glutathione peroxidase activity, as well as monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing DAG, and long-chain fatty acid-containing ceramides abundances compared to the STD group. The FO and GSE combination induced similar activation of the antioxidant system and bioactive lipid accumulation in the liver than the HFHS diet without supplementation. In addition, the FO and GSE combination increased the abundances of polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing DAG in the liver.
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34
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Yang L, Zhu Z, Qi Z, Fan X, Qian D, Zhang J, Duan J. Comparative Analysis of the Chemical Consistency Between the Traditional and Mixed Decoction of Maimendong Decoction by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Quadrupole with Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS)-Based Chemical Profiling Approach. J Chromatogr Sci 2020; 58:549-561. [PMID: 32378713 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmz104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Take Maimendong Decoction (MMDD), one of the Chinese classic herbal formulas, as an object to evaluate the chemical consistency between traditional decoction and mixed decoction. The ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole with time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based chemical profiling approach has been utilized. A total of 48 major peaks are detected from these two decoctions under the present chromatographic and mass spectrometry conditions. The results of negative ion mode show nine significant inconsistencies. Liquiritin, ginsenoside Ro and ginsenoside Rg5/Rk1 are detected with higher intensity in traditional preparation sample than the mixed decoction, while licoisoflavone A is higher in mixed decoction samples than the traditional one. The mechanisms involved in the chemical changes were assumed to be anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress and so on, suggesting these two different preparation approaches of MMDD may lead to a possibility of discrepant clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.,Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215100, China
| | - Zhonghua Qi
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinsheng Fan
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dawei Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong 226001, China
| | - JinAo Duan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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35
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Liu Z, Li C, Pryce J, Rochfort S. Comprehensive Characterization of Bovine Milk Lipids: Triglycerides. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:12573-12582. [PMID: 32548441 PMCID: PMC7271359 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive survey on triglycerides (TAGs) of bovine milk was conducted by a combination of exhaustive liquid chromatography (LC) separation, high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) detection, and automated lipid molecular feature extraction. A total of 220 groups (a series of species having the same chemical formula and mass) and 3454 molecular species of TAGs were identified based on the accurate mass of the parent ion as well as MS2 information. Sixty-five different fatty acids (FAs) were found across these TAG species; C4:0, C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, and C18:1 were the most frequent FAs, whereas C11:3, C11:4, C27:0, C27:1, C28:0, and C28:1 were rare FAs in TAG molecules. The number of species identified represents only a small portion of total TAG molecules that can be theoretically synthesized from 65 FAs. Each TAG group contains on average 15-16 isomeric species (species with different FA composition), but positional isomers do not seem to be widespread. As the isomeric species cannot be completely resolved chromatographically, quantification of TAG was conducted at the group level. The most abundant TAG groups in bovine milk include TAG 34:0, TAG 36:0, TAG 38:1, TAG 38:0, and TAG 40:1. This study provides the most comprehensive milk TAG inventory so far that can be used as a reference for studying milk lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Liu
- Agriculture
Victoria Research, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Cheng Li
- Agriculture
Victoria Research, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
- School
of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Jennie Pryce
- Agriculture
Victoria Research, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
- School
of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Simone Rochfort
- Agriculture
Victoria Research, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
- School
of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
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36
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Bakry IA, Ali AH, Abdeen ESM, Ghazal AF, Wei W, Wang X. Comparative characterisation of fat fractions extracted from Egyptian and Chinese camel milk. Int Dairy J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2020.104691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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37
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Qiu Y, Ruan Y, Tan CL, Li GR, Long M, Xia ZN. Rapid analysis of 14 ultraviolet absorbents in plastic food contact materials by supercritical fluid chromatography on Sub-2-micron particles. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2020.1746667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Ruan
- Chongqing Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao-Lan Tan
- Chongqing Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Chongqing, China
| | - Gen-Rong Li
- Chongqing Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Chongqing, China
| | - Mei Long
- Chongqing Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi-Ning Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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38
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Zhu Z, Guo W. Recent developments on rapid detection of main constituents in milk: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:312-324. [PMID: 32106694 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1731417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Milk is a good source of quality fats, proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins. Determining milk constituents is very important in dairy production and is usually conducted by means of physical or chemical processes in laboratories. These methods are time-consuming and cannot satisfy the need in practice. Developing simple, quick, cost-effective, reliable, and sensitive methods on the detection of main constituents in milk is useful for dairy farmers, manufacturers and consumers. In last decades, many rapid detection techniques such as chromatography, spectroscopy, dielectric properties, and sensors, have emerged and shown great potential in the detection of main constituents in liquid milk. In this review, the rapid detection techniques applied to determine the main constituents in milk have been reviewed. Meanwhile, the potential advantages and limitations of these techniques and recommendations for future research have also been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuozhuo Zhu
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenchuan Guo
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent Service, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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39
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LI L, ZHU W, YANG J, LIU X, DONG Y. Rapid quantitative analysis of six flavonoids in licorice by ultra-performance convergence chromatography. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.09818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li LI
- Beijing Technology and Business University, China
| | - Wenyi ZHU
- Beijing Technology and Business University, China
| | - Jingxiu YANG
- Beijing Technology and Business University, China
| | - Xiaolan LIU
- Beijing Technology and Business University, China
| | - Yinmao DONG
- Beijing Technology and Business University, China
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40
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Li M, Li W, Wu J, Zheng Y, Shao J, Li Q, Kang S, Zhang Z, Yue X, Yang M. Quantitative lipidomics reveals alterations in donkey milk lipids according to lactation. Food Chem 2019; 310:125866. [PMID: 31784068 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The composition of donkey milk is similar to that of human milk. However, the lipid content in donkey milk is lower than that in human milk. Thus far, the lipid composition of donkey milk during lactation has not been well-studied. Through mass spectroscopy-based quantitative lipidomics, we analyzed lipids in donkey colostrum (DC) and mature milk (DM). Thirteen subclasses of 335 lipids were identified in both DC and DM; 60 lipids - 17 upregulated and 43 downregulated - were differentially regulated between DM and DC (Variable Importance in Projection >1, P < 0.05), demonstrating that lipid composition changed with lactation. These different lipids were involved in 19 metabolic pathways, of which glycerophospholipid, linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor, glycerolipid, and arachidonic acid metabolism were the most relevant. Our results provide insights into quantitative alterations in donkey milk lipids during lactation, development of donkey milk products, and screening of potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Weixuan Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Junrui Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Yan Zheng
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Junhua Shao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Qilong Li
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Shimo Kang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Zhenghan Zhang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Xiqing Yue
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Mei Yang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China.
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41
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Cossignani L, Pollini L, Blasi F. Invited review: Authentication of milk by direct and indirect analysis of triacylglycerol molecular species. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:5871-5882. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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42
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In-depth lipidomic analysis of tri-, di-, and mono-acylglycerols released from milk fat after in vitro digestion. Food Chem 2019; 297:124976. [PMID: 31253293 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.124976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Milk fat is arguably one of the most complex fats found in nature and varies widely between animal species. Analysis of its digestion products is tremendously challenging, due to the complexity, diversity, and large range of concentrations of triacylglycerols (TAGs) and their digestion products (i.e. diacylglycerols (DAGs), monoacylglycerols (MAGs), and free fatty acids (FFAs)). Therefore, a method combined the solid phase extraction (SPE), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and multi-dimension mass spectrometry (MDMS) was developed to identify and semi-quantify the TAGs, DAGs and MAGs in milk fat after in vitro digestion. Up to 105, 64, 14 and 30 species of TAGs, DAGs, MAGs, and FFAs were determined with their concentrations of 0.01-22.3, 0.01-39.2, 0.01-47.8, and 0.04-191.0 mg/g fat, respectively, during the in vitro digestion of cow and sheep milk. The validation of the method shows that this method was precise and reliable.
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Liu LX, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Li GH, Yang GJ, Feng XS. The Application of Supercritical Fluid Chromatography in Food Quality and Food Safety: An Overview. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 50:136-160. [PMID: 30900462 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1586520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-xia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-hui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-jian Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Khan IT, Nadeem M, Imran M, Asif M, Khan MK, Din A, Ullah R. Triglyceride, fatty acid profile and antioxidant characteristics of low melting point fractions of Buffalo Milk fat. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:59. [PMID: 30851732 PMCID: PMC6408781 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-0995-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the dietary lipids, milk fat is most complicated as it contains more than one hundred types of fatty acids and several triglycerides. Huge versatility in triglyceride and fatty composition makes it possible to convert milk fat into various fractions on the basis of melting characteristics. Functional properties of milk fat can be increased by converting it into different fractions. After cow milk, buffalo milk is the second largest source of milk and chemical characteristics of buffalo milk fat has been studied in a limited fashion. The main mandate was determination of triglyceride, fatty acid profile and antioxidant characteristics of low melting point fractions of buffalo milk fat for increased industrial applications. METHODS Buffalo milk fat (cream) was fractionated at three different temperatures i.e. 25, 15 and 10 °C by dry fractionation technique and packaged in 250 ml amber glass bottles and stored at ambient temperature for 90 days. The fraction of milk fat harvested at 25, 15 and 10 °C were declared as LMPF-25, LMPF-15 and LMPF-10. Unmodified milk fat was used as control (PBMF). Low melting point fractions were analyzed for triglyceride composition, fatty acid profile, total phenolic contents, DPPH free radicals scavenging activity, reducing power, free fatty acids, peroxide value, iodine value and conjugated dienes at 0, 45 and 90 days of storage. RESULTS In LMPF-10, concentrations of C36, C38, C40, and C42 were 2.58, 3.68, 6.49 and 3.85% lower than PBMF. In LMPF-25, concentrations of C44, C46, C48, C50, C52 and C54 were 0.71, 1.15, 2.53, 4.8, 0.39 and 2.39% higher than PBMF. In LMPF-15, concentrations of C44, C46, C48, C50, C52 and C54 were 2.45, 4.2, 3.47, 5.92, 2.38 and 3.16% higher than PBMF. In LMPF-10, concentrations of C44, C46, C48, C50, C52 and C54 were 2.8, 5.6, 5.37, 7.81, 3.81 and 4.45% higher than PBMF. LMPF-25, LMPF-15 and LMPF-10 had higher concentration of unsaturated fatty acids as compared PBMF. Total phenolic contents of buffalo milk fat and its fractions were in the order of LMPF-10 > LMPF-15, LMPF-25 > PBMF. Storage period of 45 days had a non-significant effect on total flavonoid content. 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity of LMP-25, LMPF-15 and LMPF-10 were 4.8, 13.11 and 25.79% higher than PBMF. Reducing power of PBMF, LMPF-25, LMPF-15 and LMPF-10 were 22.81, 28.47, 37.51 and 48.14, respectively. Estimation of free fatty acids after the 90 days of storage duration, no significant difference was found in content of free fatty acids in unmodified milk fat and low melting point fractions. Testing of peroxide value in 90 days old samples showed that peroxide value of PBMF, LMPF-25, LMPF-15 and LMPF-10 was 0.54, 0.98, 1.46 and 2.22 (MeqO2/kg), respectively. Storage period up to 45 days had a non-significant effect on anisidine value, iodine value and conjugated dienes. CONCLUSION Low melting point fractions of buffalo milk fat had higher concentration of unsaturated fatty acids and more antioxidant capacity than unmodified milk fat with reasonable storage stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Taj Khan
- Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Planning and Development Division, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kamran Khan
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Din
- Postharvest Research Center, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Rahman Ullah
- Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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Zhang X, Qi C, Zhang Y, Wei W, Jin Q, Xu Z, Tao G, Wang X. Identification and quantification of triacylglycerols in human milk fat using ultra-performance convergence chromatography and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometery with supercritical carbon dioxide as a mobile phase. Food Chem 2019; 275:712-720. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Yamamoto K, Kotani A, Hayashi Y, Hakamata H. Assessment of Repeatability in Supercritical Fluid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection Based on the ISO 11843 Part 7. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:59-63. [PMID: 30606951 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study proposes a method for the assessment of repeatability in supercritical fluid chromatography with electrochemical detection (SFC-ECD), based on the ISO 11843 part 7 (ISO 11843-7:2018) which can theoretically provide detection limits and standard deviation (S.D.) through the stochastic properties of baseline noise without repetitive measurements of real samples. On the baseline noise of SFC-ECD, large-amplitude and periodic noises with less than 0.05 Hz were observed, and the power spectrum of the baseline noise showed 1/f fluctuation (f = frequency). It was found that the present power spectrum analysis, according to the law of error propagation, can provide suitable noise parameters to calculate S.D. of baseline noise and a relative S.D. (RSD) of peak area by ISO 11843-7. The chromatographic determinations of α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherol have been taken as examples. In the present SFC-ECD, the RSDs of peak areas for α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherol obtained by ISO 11843-7 were within 95% confidence intervals of the RSD of them obtained by repetitive measurements (n = 6). Thus, we found that ISO 11843-7 is applicable to the assessment of repeatability in SFC-ECD for determining tocopherols without repetitive measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akira Kotani
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | | | - Hideki Hakamata
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
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Rapid and direct determination of fatty acids and glycerides profiles in Schisandra chinensis oil by using UPLC-Q/TOF-MS E. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1104:157-167. [PMID: 30476796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids and glycerides are globally accepted quality and nutrition indicators of oils. Schisandra chinensis (S. chinensis) is a good functional oil source, with an oil content of 10-50% (dry weight). In this study, the UPLC-Q/TOF-MSE technique was developed to profile FFA and glycerides in the S. chinensis oils directly. The results showed that all of the 36 FFA calibration equations of the mixture standard had good linear relationships (R2 > 0.99). The limit of detection for the tested compounds ranged from 0.0001 to 0.0200 μg/mL, while the limit of quantification ranged from 0.0005 to 0.1300 μg/mL. In total, seventeen FFAs, six diglycerides and 20 triglycerides were identified. Linoleic, oleic, stearic and palmitic acids were the most abundant FFAs in the S. chinensis oils. It was also found that S. chinensis oil is rich in the L-L, L-L-L, O-L-L and O-L-O glycerides. These results will be helpful for the use of this technique in physicochemical evaluation and for further application development.
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Zhang X, Zhao Y, Cui X, Wang X, Shen H, Chen Z, Huang C, Meruva N, Zhou L, Wang F, Wu L, Luo F. Application and enantiomeric residue determination of diniconazole in tea and grape and apple by supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1581-1582:144-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Huang G, Gao B, Xue J, Cheng Z, Sun X, Zhang Y, Yu LL. Toxicokinetics and Metabolism of 3-Monochloropropane 1,2-Diol Dipalmitate in Sprague Dawley Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:11672-11680. [PMID: 30303014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid esters of 3-monochloropropane 1,2-diol (3-MCPD) are a group of processing-induced toxicants. To better clarify their possible toxicological effects and mechanisms, it is important to investigate their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. In this study, the kinetic parameters of 3-MCPD dipalmitate in Sprague Dawley (SD) rat plasma were determined using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. 3-MCPD dipalmitate was absorbed in rats with a Cmax of 135.00 ng/mL, a T1/2 of 3.87 h, a Tmax of 2.5 h, an MRT of 5.08 h, a CL of 3.50 L/h/g, a Vd of 21.34 L/g, and an AUC0-∞ of 458.47 h·ng/mL. A total of 17 metabolites were identified, and 16 of them were reported for the first time. Furthermore, these metabolites were examined for their presences in the liver, kidney, testis, brain, spleen, thymus, intestine, plasma, feces, and urine samples 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after oral administration of 3-MCPD dipalmitate using Metabolynx software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoren Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) , Beijing 100048 , China
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture & Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Boyan Gao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) , Beijing 100048 , China
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture & Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Jinli Xue
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture & Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Zhihong Cheng
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Xiangjun Sun
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture & Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Yaqiong Zhang
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture & Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Liangli Lucy Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science , University of Maryland , 0112 Skinner Building , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
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