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Reeves AA, Hopefl R, Deb S. Evaluation of pharmacogenomic evidence for drugs related to ADME genes in CPIC database. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2023; 38:65-78. [PMID: 36257916 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2022-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) is a platform that advances the pharmacogenomics (PGx) practice by developing evidence-based guidelines. The purpose of this study was to analyze the CPIC database for ADME related genes and their corresponding drugs, and evidence level for drug-gene pairs; and to determine the presence of these drug-gene pairs in the highest mortality diseases in the United States. METHODS CPIC database was evaluated for drug-gene pairs related to absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties. National Vital Statistics from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was used to identify the diseases with the highest mortality. CPIC levels are assigned to different drug-gene pairs based on varying levels of evidence as either A, B, C, or D. All drug-gene pairs assigned with A/B, B/C, or C/D mixed levels were excluded from this study. A stepwise exclusion process was followed to determine the prevalence of various ADME drug-gene pairs among phase I/II enzymes or transporters and stratify the drug-gene pairs relevant to different disease conditions most commonly responsible for death in the United States. RESULTS From a total of 442 drug-gene pairs in the CPIC database, after exclusion of 86 drug-gene pairs with levels A/B, B/C, or C/D, and 211 non-ADME related genes, 145 ADME related drug-gene pairs resulted. From the 145 ADME related drug-genes pairs, the following were the distribution of levels: Level A: 43 (30%), Level B: 22 (15%), Level C: 59 (41%), Level D: 21 (14%). The most prevalent ADME gene with CPIC level A classification was cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) (26%) and overall, the most prevalent ADME gene in the CPIC database was CYP2D6 (30%). The most prevalent diseases related to the CPIC evidence related drugs were cancer and depression. CONCLUSIONS We found that there is an abundance of ADME related genes in the CPIC database, including in the high mortality disease states of cancer and depression. There is a differential level of pharmacogenomic evidence in drug-gene pairs enlisted in CPIC where levels A and D having the greatest number of drug-gene pairs. CYP2D6 was the most common ADME gene with CPIC evidence for drug-gene pairs. Pharmacogenomic applications of CPIC evidence can be leveraged to individualize patient therapy and lower adverse effect events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Allen Reeves
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Robert Hopefl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Subrata Deb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL, USA
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Hurkmans EGE, Klumpers MJ, Vermeulen SH, Hagleitner MM, Flucke U, Schreuder HWB, Gelderblom H, Bras J, Guchelaar HJ, Coenen MJH, Te Loo DMWM. Analysis of Drug Metabolizing Gene Panel in Osteosarcoma Patients Identifies Association Between Variants in SULT1E1, CYP2B6 and CYP4F8 and Methotrexate Levels and Toxicities. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1241. [PMID: 32903464 PMCID: PMC7435008 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High-dose methotrexate is a cornerstone agent in the chemotherapeutic treatment of patients with osteosarcoma. However, patients often develop methotrexate-induced toxicities. We aim to identify determinants of methotrexate-induced toxicities in osteosarcoma patients by investigating the relation between drug plasma levels, methotrexate-induced toxicities, and germline variants in genes related to drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. A cohort of 114 osteosarcoma patients was genotyped for 1,931 variants in 231 genes using the Drug Metabolism Enzymes and Transporters Plus array. Methotrexate plasma levels and laboratory measurements during and after high-dose methotrexate treatment concerning renal function, liver damage, and myelopoiesis to reflect toxicity outcomes were obtained. One hundred and thirteen patients and a subset of 545 variants in 176 genes passed quality control checks. Methotrexate plasma levels showed associations with creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, and hemoglobin. Genetic variant rs3736599 in the 5'-untranslated region of SULT1E1 was associated with lower 48 hour methotrexate plasma levels [coef -0.313 (95% CI -0.459 - -0.167); p = 2.60 × 10-5]. Association with methotrexate-induced decreased thrombocyte counts was found for two intronic variants in CYP2B6 {rs4803418 [coef -0.187 (95% CI -0.275 - -0.099); p = 3.04 × 10-5] and rs4803419 [coef -0.186 (95% CI -0.278 - -0.093); p = 8.80 × 10-5]}. An association with increased thrombocyte counts was identified for the intronic variant rs4808326 in CYP4F8 [coef 0.193 (95% CI 0.099 - 0.287); p = 6.02 × 10-5]. Moreover, a secondary analysis with a binary approach using CTCAE toxicity criteria resulted in a nominal significant associations (p < 0.05) for two out of three variants (rs4803418 and rs4808326). This is the first study to identify genetic variants in SULT1E1, CYP2B6, and CYP4F8 to be associated with methotrexate pharmacokinetics and toxicities. Validation of these variants in an independent cohort and further functional investigation of variants in the identified genes is needed to determine if and how they affect methotrexate plasma levels and the development of methotrexate-induced toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien G E Hurkmans
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marije J Klumpers
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sita H Vermeulen
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Uta Flucke
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - H W Bart Schreuder
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Hans Gelderblom
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Johannes Bras
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Henk-Jan Guchelaar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marieke J H Coenen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - D Maroeska W M Te Loo
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Amidon GE, Anderson BD, Balthasar JP, Bergstrom CAS, Huang SM, Kasting G, Kesisoglou F, Khinast JG, Mager DE, Roberts CJ, Yu L. Fifty-Eight Years and Counting: High-Impact Publishing in Computational Pharmaceutical Sciences and Mechanism-Based Modeling. J Pharm Sci 2018; 108:2-7. [PMID: 30423338 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
With this issue of the Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, we celebrate the nearly 6 decades of contributions to mechanistic-based modeling and computational pharmaceutical sciences. Along with its predecessor, The Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association: Scientific Edition first published in 1911, JPharmSci has been a leader in the advancement of pharmaceutical sciences beginning with its inaugural edition in 1961. As one of the first scientific journals focusing on pharmaceutical sciences, JPharmSci has established a reputation for publishing high-quality research articles using computational methods and mechanism-based modeling. The journal's publication record is remarkable. With over 15,000 articles, 3000 notes, and more than 650 reviews from industry, academia, and regulatory agencies around the world, JPharmSci has truly been the leader in advancing pharmaceutical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseph P Balthasar
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260
| | | | - Shiew-Mei Huang
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
| | | | | | - Johannes G Khinast
- Institute for Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Donald E Mager
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260
| | | | - Lian Yu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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Huang G, Gao B, Xue J, Cheng Z, Sun X, Zhang Y, Yu LL. Toxicokinetics and Metabolism of 3-Monochloropropane 1,2-Diol Dipalmitate in Sprague Dawley Rats. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:11672-11680. [PMID: 30303014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid esters of 3-monochloropropane 1,2-diol (3-MCPD) are a group of processing-induced toxicants. To better clarify their possible toxicological effects and mechanisms, it is important to investigate their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. In this study, the kinetic parameters of 3-MCPD dipalmitate in Sprague Dawley (SD) rat plasma were determined using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. 3-MCPD dipalmitate was absorbed in rats with a Cmax of 135.00 ng/mL, a T1/2 of 3.87 h, a Tmax of 2.5 h, an MRT of 5.08 h, a CL of 3.50 L/h/g, a Vd of 21.34 L/g, and an AUC0-∞ of 458.47 h·ng/mL. A total of 17 metabolites were identified, and 16 of them were reported for the first time. Furthermore, these metabolites were examined for their presences in the liver, kidney, testis, brain, spleen, thymus, intestine, plasma, feces, and urine samples 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after oral administration of 3-MCPD dipalmitate using Metabolynx software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoren Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) , Beijing 100048 , China
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture & Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Boyan Gao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) , Beijing 100048 , China
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture & Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Jinli Xue
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture & Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Zhihong Cheng
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Xiangjun Sun
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture & Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Yaqiong Zhang
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture & Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Liangli Lucy Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science , University of Maryland , 0112 Skinner Building , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
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Emami Riedmaier A, Lindley DJ, Hall JA, Castleberry S, Slade RT, Stuart P, Carr RA, Borchardt TB, Bow DAJ, Nijsen M. Mechanistic Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of the Dissolution and Food Effect of a Biopharmaceutics Classification System IV Compound-The Venetoclax Story. J Pharm Sci 2017; 107:495-502. [PMID: 28993217 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Venetoclax, a selective B-cell lymphoma-2 inhibitor, is a biopharmaceutics classification system class IV compound. The aim of this study was to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to mechanistically describe absorption and disposition of an amorphous solid dispersion formulation of venetoclax in humans. A mechanistic PBPK model was developed incorporating measured amorphous solubility, dissolution, metabolism, and plasma protein binding. A middle-out approach was used to define permeability. Model predictions of oral venetoclax pharmacokinetics were verified against clinical studies of fed and fasted healthy volunteers, and clinical drug interaction studies with strong CYP3A inhibitor (ketoconazole) and inducer (rifampicin). Model verification demonstrated accurate prediction of the observed food effect following a low-fat diet. Ratios of predicted versus observed Cmax and area under the curve of venetoclax were within 0.8- to 1.25-fold of observed ratios for strong CYP3A inhibitor and inducer interactions, indicating that the venetoclax elimination pathway was correctly specified. The verified venetoclax PBPK model is one of the first examples mechanistically capturing absorption, food effect, and exposure of an amorphous solid dispersion formulated compound. This model allows evaluation of untested drug-drug interactions, especially those primarily occurring in the intestine, and paves the way for future modeling of biopharmaceutics classification system IV compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J Lindley
- Drug Product Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064
| | - Jeffrey A Hall
- Drug Product Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064
| | | | - Russell T Slade
- Drug Product Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064
| | - Patricia Stuart
- DMPK and Translational Modeling, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064
| | - Robert A Carr
- DMPK and Translational Modeling, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064
| | | | - Daniel A J Bow
- DMPK and Translational Modeling, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064
| | - Marjoleen Nijsen
- DMPK and Translational Modeling, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064
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