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Badaoui W, Marhuenda-Egea FC, Valero-Rodriguez JM, Sanchez-Jerez P, Arechavala-Lopez P, Toledo-Guedes K. Metabolomic and Lipidomic Tools for Tracing Fish Escapes from Aquaculture Facilities. ACS FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 4:871-879. [PMID: 38660052 PMCID: PMC11036387 DOI: 10.1021/acsfoodscitech.3c00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
During adverse atmospheric events, enormous damage can occur at marine aquaculture facilities, as was the case during Storm Gloria in the southeastern Spanish Mediterranean in January 2020, with massive fish escapes. Fishes that escape were caught by professional fishermen. The objective of this study was to identify biomarkers in fish that enable differentiation among wild fish, escaped farm-raised fish, and farm-raised fish kept in aquaculture facilities until their slaughter. We focused on gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). We used nuclear magnetic resonance to search for possible biomarkers. We found that wild gilthead sea bream showed higher levels of taurine and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) in their muscle and higher levels of ω-3 fatty acids, whereas farm-escaped and farmed gilthead sea bream raised until slaughter exhibit higher levels of ω-6 fatty acids. From choline, carnitine, creatinine, betaine, or lecithin, trimethylamine (TMA) is synthesized in the intestine by the action of bacterial microflora. In the liver, TMA is oxidized to TMAO and transported to muscle cells. The identified biomarkers will improve the traceability of gilthead sea bream by distinguishing wild specimens from those raised in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warda Badaoui
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Agricultural Chemistry and
Edafology, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig
s/n, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Frutos C. Marhuenda-Egea
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Agricultural Chemistry and
Edafology, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig
s/n, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Sanchez-Jerez
- Department
of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Pablo Arechavala-Lopez
- Mediterranean
Institute of Advanced Studies (IMEDEA-CSIC), C/Miquel Marquès 21, 07190 Esporles, Spain
| | - Kilian Toledo-Guedes
- Department
of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 Alicante, Spain
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2
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Baptista RC, Oliveira RBA, Câmara AA, Lang É, Dos Santos JLP, Pavani M, Guerreiro TM, Catharino RR, Filho EGA, Rodrigues S, de Brito ES, Alvarenga VO, Bicca GB, Sant'Ana AS. Chilled Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) fillets: Modeling Pseudomonas spp. and psychrotrophic bacteria growth and monitoring spoilage indicators by 1H NMR and GC-MS during storage. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 415:110645. [PMID: 38430687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the growth of Pseudomonas spp. and psychrotrophic bacteria in chilled Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus), a native South American fish, stored under chilling conditions (0 to 10 °C) through the use of predictive models under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. Growth kinetic parameters, maximum growth rate (μmax, 1/h), lag time (tLag, h), and (Nmax, Log10 CFU/g) were estimated using the Baranyi and Roberts microbial growth model. Both kinetic parameters, growth rate and lag time, were significantly influenced by temperature (P < 0.05). The square root secondary model was used to describe the bacteria growth as a function of temperature. Secondary models, √μ = 0.016 (T + 10.13) and √μ =0.017 (T + 9.91) presented a linear correlation with R2 values >0.97 and were further validated under non-isothermal conditions. The model's performance was considered acceptable to predict the growth of Pseudomonas spp. and psychrotrophic bacteria in refrigerated Pacu fillets with bias and accuracy factors between 1.24 and 1.49 (fail-safe) and 1.45-1.49, respectively. Fish biomarkers and spoilage indicators were assessed during storage at 0, 4, and 10 °C. Volatile organic compounds, VOCs (1-hexanol, nonanal, octenol, and indicators 2-ethyl-1-hexanol) showed different behavior with storage time (P > 0.05). 1H NMR analysis confirmed increased enzymatic and microbial activity in Pacu fillets stored at 10 °C compared to 0 °C. The developed and validated models obtained in this study can be used as a tool for decision-making on the shelf-life and quality of refrigerated Pacu fillets stored under dynamic conditions from 0 to 10 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela C Baptista
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo B A Oliveira
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antonio A Câmara
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Émilie Lang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Matheus Pavani
- Innovare Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiane M Guerreiro
- Innovare Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R Catharino
- Innovare Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Elenilson G A Filho
- Department of Food Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Sueli Rodrigues
- Department of Food Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Verônica O Alvarenga
- Department of Food, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Anderson S Sant'Ana
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Fabrile MP, Ghidini S, Caligiani A, Scali F, Varrà MO, Lolli V, Alborali GL, Ianieri A, Zanardi E. 1H NMR Metabolomics on Pigs' Liver Exposed to Antibiotics Administration: An Explorative Study. Foods 2023; 12:4259. [PMID: 38231703 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
An untargeted Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based metabolomics approach was applied as a first attempt to explore the metabolome of pigs treated with antibiotics. The final goal was to investigate the possibility of discriminating between antibiotic-treated (TX group) and untreated pigs (CTRL group), with the further perspective of identifying the authentication tools for antibiotic-free pork supply chains. In particular, 41 samples of pig liver were subjected to a biphasic extraction to recover both the polar and the non-polar metabolites, and the 1H NMR spectroscopy analysis was performed on the two separate extracts. Unsupervised (principal component analysis) and supervised (orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis) multivariate statistical analysis of 1H NMR spectra data in the range 0-9 ppm provided metabolomic fingerprinting useful for the discrimination of pig livers based on the antibiotic treatment to which they were exposed. Moreover, within the signature patterns, significant discriminating metabolites were identified among carbohydrates, choline and derivatives, amino acids and some lipid-class molecules. The encouraging findings of this exploratory study showed the feasibility of the untargeted metabolomic approach as a novel strategy in the authentication framework of pork supply chains and open a new horizon for a more in-depth investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Fabrile
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Sergio Ghidini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Augusta Caligiani
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Federico Scali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Olga Varrà
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Veronica Lolli
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Loris Alborali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Adriana Ianieri
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Emanuela Zanardi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
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4
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Hoerterer C, Petereit J, Lannig G, Bock C, Buck BH. 1H-NMR-Based Metabolic Profiling in Muscle and Liver Tissue of Juvenile Turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus) Fed with Plant and Animal Protein Sources. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050612. [PMID: 37233653 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular economy driven feed ingredients and emerging protein sources, such as insects and microbial meals, has the potential to partially replace fishmeal in diets of high-trophic fish. Even though growth and feed performance are often unaffected at low inclusion levels, the metabolic effects are unknown. This study examined the metabolic response of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) to diets with graded fishmeal replacement with plant, animal, and emerging protein sources (PLANT, PAP, and MIX) in comparison to a commercial-like diet (CTRL). A 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to assess the metabolic profiles of muscle and liver tissue after feeding the fish the experimental diets for 16 weeks. The comparative approach revealed a decrease in metabolites that are associated with energy deficiency in both tissues of fish fed with fishmeal-reduced diets compared to the commercial-like diet (CTRL). Since growth and feeding performance were unaffected, the observed metabolic response suggests that the balanced feed formulations, especially at lower fishmeal replacement levels, have the potential for industry application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Hoerterer
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Biosciences, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Jessica Petereit
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Biosciences, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Gisela Lannig
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Biosciences, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Christian Bock
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Biosciences, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Bela H Buck
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Biosciences, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
- Faculty 1 Technology, University of Applied Sciences Bremerhaven, 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany
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5
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Fabrile MP, Ghidini S, Conter M, Varrà MO, Ianieri A, Zanardi E. Filling gaps in animal welfare assessment through metabolomics. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1129741. [PMID: 36925610 PMCID: PMC10011658 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1129741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustainability has become a central issue in Italian livestock systems driving food business operators to adopt high standards of production concerning animal husbandry conditions. Meat sector is largely involved in this ecological transition with the introduction of new label claims concerning the defense of animal welfare (AW). These new guarantees referred to AW provision require new tools for the purpose of authenticity and traceability to assure meat supply chain integrity. Over the years, European Union (EU) Regulations, national, and international initiatives proposed provisions and guidelines for assuring AW introducing requirements to be complied with and providing tools based on scoring systems for a proper animal status assessment. However, the comprehensive and objective assessment of the AW status remains challenging. In this regard, phenotypic insights at molecular level may be investigated by metabolomics, one of the most recent high-throughput omics techniques. Recent advances in analytical and bioinformatic technologies have led to the identification of relevant biomarkers involved in complex clinical phenotypes of diverse biological systems suggesting that metabolomics is a key tool for biomarker discovery. In the present review, the Five Domains model has been employed as a vademecum describing AW. Starting from the individual Domains-nutrition (I), environment (II), health (III), behavior (IV), and mental state (V)-applications and advances of metabolomics related to AW setting aimed at investigating phenotypic outcomes on molecular scale and elucidating the biological routes most perturbed from external solicitations, are reviewed. Strengths and weaknesses of the current state-of-art are highlighted, and new frontiers to be explored for AW assessment throughout the metabolomics approach are argued. Moreover, a detailed description of metabolomics workflow is provided to understand dos and don'ts at experimental level to pursue effective results. Combining the demand for new assessment tools and meat market trends, a new cross-strategy is proposed as the promising combo for the future of AW assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergio Ghidini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Mauro Conter
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Adriana Ianieri
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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6
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Brunel M, Burkina V, Pickova J, Sampels S, Moazzami AA. Oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula toruloides biomass effect on the metabolism of Arctic char ( Salvelinus alpinus). Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:931946. [PMID: 36052171 PMCID: PMC9425082 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.931946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainability issues arise when using fish oil and vegetable oils in fish feed production for aquaculture purposes. Microbial production of single cell oil is a potential alternative as a lipid ingredient in the production of fish feed. In this study, we replaced the vegetable oils with the oleaginous yeast R. toruloides biomass in the diet of Arctic char (S. alpinus) and investigated the effects on health and composition. Measurement of fish growth parameters showed a higher liver weight and hepatosomatic index in the experimental group of fish fed partly with yeast biomass compared to a control group fed a diet with vegetable oils. No significant differences in the lipid content of muscle and liver tissues were found. The fatty acid profiles in the muscle of both fish groups were similar while the experimental fish group had a higher amount of monounsaturated fatty acids in the liver. Histology of livers showed no significant difference in the number of lipid droplets. The size of hepatic lipid droplets seemed to be related to liver fat content. Quantification of metabolites in the liver revealed no differences between the fish groups while plasma metabolites involved in energy pathways such as alanine, 3-hydroxybutyrate, creatinine, serine, betaine, and choline were significantly higher in the experimental fish group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Brunel
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden,*Correspondence: Mathilde Brunel,
| | - Viktoriia Burkina
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden,Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Pickova
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sabine Sampels
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ali A. Moazzami
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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7
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Palomba A, Melis R, Biosa G, Braca A, Pisanu S, Ghisaura S, Caimi C, Biasato I, Oddon SB, Gasco L, Terova G, Moroni F, Antonini M, Pagnozzi D, Anedda R. On the Compatibility of Fish Meal Replacements in Aquafeeds for Rainbow Trout. A Combined Metabolomic, Proteomic and Histological Study. Front Physiol 2022; 13:920289. [PMID: 35846007 PMCID: PMC9276982 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.920289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The sustainable development of modern aquaculture must rely on a significant reduction of the fish meal (FM) used in aquafeed formulations. However, FM substitution with alternative ingredients in diets for carnivorous fish species often showed reduced nutrient absorption, significantly perturbed metabolisms, and histological changes at both hepatic and intestinal levels. In the present study, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were fed three different experimental aquafeeds. A control diet with higher FM content (27.3%) than two test formulations in which FM was substituted with two more sustainable and promising alternatives: insect meal (Hermetia illucens larvae = 10.1%, FM = 11.6%) and poultry by-products meal (PBM = 14.8%; FM = 11.7%). Combined metabolomics and proteomics analyses of fish liver, together with histological examination of liver and intestine demonstrated that a well-balanced formulation of nutrients in the three diets allowed high metabolic compatibility of either substitution, paving the way for a deeper understanding of the impact of novel raw materials for the fish feed industry. Results show that the main metabolic pathways of nutrient absorption and catabolism were essentially unaltered by alternative feed ingredients, and also histological alterations were negligible. It is demonstrated that the substitution of FM with sustainable alternatives does not have a negative impact on fish metabolism, as long as the nutritional requirements of rainbow trout are fulfilled.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Christian Caimi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Ilaria Biasato
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Sara Bellezza Oddon
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Laura Gasco
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Genciana Terova
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Federico Moroni
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Micaela Antonini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Daniela Pagnozzi
- Porto Conte Ricerche S.r.l, Alghero (SS), Italy
- *Correspondence: Roberto Anedda, ; Daniela Pagnozzi,
| | - Roberto Anedda
- Porto Conte Ricerche S.r.l, Alghero (SS), Italy
- *Correspondence: Roberto Anedda, ; Daniela Pagnozzi,
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8
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Yang C, Jiang M, Lu X, Wen H. Effects of Dietary Protein Level on the Gut Microbiome and Nutrient Metabolism in Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041024. [PMID: 33916356 PMCID: PMC8066363 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Dietary protein is an important factor affecting aquaculture. In this study, the homeostasis of the gut microbiome and metabolic profile of the liver and serum of tilapia were analyzed, comparing those fed with different diets to evaluate the effect of diet on protein levels. As a result, there was no significant difference found in the diversity and richness of the gut microbiome but had differences in the microbial composition of the gut among different groups. As for the liver metabolome of the tilapia, the glucose content increased along with increased protein levels. As for serum metabolome, the levels of tyrosine, guanosine, and inosine were significantly different. In summary, diets with different protein levels can affect the composition of gut microbiota and glycolysis and amino acid metabolism in tilapia. These results may also help to improve the conditions of tilapia cultivation. Abstract Dietary protein is one of the most important nutritional factors in aquaculture. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of dietary protein levels on the gut microbiome and the liver and serum levels of metabolites in tilapia. Tilapia were fed a diet with a low (20%), moderate (30%), or high (40%) content of crude protein, and the homeostasis of the gut microbiome and metabolic profile of the liver and serum were analyzed. The results showed no significant differences in the diversity and richness of the gut microbiome among the groups; however, there were differences in the microbial composition of the gut. The metabolome analysis of liver samples revealed a difference in the glucose level among the groups, with the highest glucose level in fish fed a high protein diet. In addition, there were significant differences in the levels of tyrosine, guanosine, and inosine among the metabolome analysis of serum samples of these groups. In summary, diets with different protein levels could affect the composition of gut microbiota and the dynamic balance of microbial communities. Dietary protein content can also affect glycolysis and amino acid metabolism in tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changgeng Yang
- Life Science & Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China;
| | - Ming Jiang
- Fish Nutrition and Feed Division, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (X.L.); (H.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Xin Lu
- Fish Nutrition and Feed Division, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (X.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Hua Wen
- Fish Nutrition and Feed Division, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (X.L.); (H.W.)
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9
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Jiang M, Chen H, Luo Y, Han Q, Peng R, Jiang X. Combined metabolomics and histological analysis of the tissues from cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis exposed to inking stress. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 38:100829. [PMID: 33812154 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Inking is part of a defensive stress response in cephalopods (cuttlefish, squid, and octopus). Some individual cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis) die after continued stress and inking; however, the physiological effects of cephalopods in response to stress and inking remain unknown. The present study investigated the metabolic profile and discussed the physiological roles of S. pharaonis tissues in response to continuous inking using the 1H NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate data analysis. A total of 50 metabolites, including amino acids, organic osmolytes, nucleotides, energy storage compounds, and obvious tissue-specific metabolites induced by inking stress, were identified in S. pharaonis tissues. Exposure to inking stress had different effects on the levels of the studied metabolites, for example, the levels of isoleucine, trimethylamine-N-oxide, and betaine increased, but those of arginine and ATP decreased in the liver; inosine and lactate were accumulated whereas glutamate and choline were depleted in the gill; the levels of lactate and isoleucine were elevated but those of arginine and glycogen were depleted in the muscle tissue. Furthermore, the corresponding metabolic pathways of the characteristic metabolites indicated major changes in the functions of these metabolites. Histological changes in the studied tissues revealed liver lobule damage immediately after inking, with the presence of disordered epithelial cells and partial cell necrosis in the gill. Our results demonstrated that a combination of metabolomics and histological analyses could provide molecular-level insights for elucidating the defense response of cuttlefish against predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maowang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, PR China
| | - Huan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, PR China
| | - Qingxi Han
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, PR China
| | - Ruibing Peng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, PR China
| | - Xiamin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, PR China.
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10
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Putative imbalanced amino acid metabolism in rainbow trout long term fed a plant-based diet as revealed by 1H-NMR metabolomics. J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e13. [PMID: 33889396 PMCID: PMC8057518 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The long-term effect of a plant (P)-based diet was assessed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) metabolomics in rainbow trout fed a marine fish meal (FM)-fish oil (FO) diet (M), a P-based diet and a control commercial-like diet (C) starting with the first feeding. Growth performances were not heavily altered by long-term feeding on the P-based diet. An 1H-NMR metabolomic analysis of the feed revealed significantly different soluble chemical compound profiles between the diets. A set of soluble chemical compounds was found to be specific either to the P-based diet or to the M diet. Pterin, a biomarker of plant feedstuffs, was identified both in the P-based diet and in the plasma of fish fed the P-based diet. 1H-NMR metabolomic analysis on fish plasma and liver and muscle tissues at 6 and 48 h post feeding revealed significantly different profiles between the P-based diet and the M diet, while the C diet showed intermediate results. A higher amino acid content was found in the plasma of fish fed the P-based diet compared with the M diet after 48 h, suggesting either a delayed delivery of the amino acids or a lower amino acid utilisation in the P-based diet. This was associated with an accumulation of essential amino acids and the depletion of glutamine in the muscle, together with an accumulation of choline in the liver. Combined with an anticipated absorption of methionine and lysine supplemented in free form, the present results suggest an imbalanced essential amino acid supply for protein metabolism in the muscle and for specific functions of the liver.
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11
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Comparison of Targeted (HPLC) and Nontargeted (GC-MS and NMR) Approaches for the Detection of Undeclared Addition of Protein Hydrolysates in Turkey Breast Muscle. Foods 2020; 9:foods9081084. [PMID: 32784468 PMCID: PMC7465048 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The adulteration of fresh turkey meat by the undeclared addition of protein hydrolysates is of interest for fraudsters due to the increase of the economic gain by substituting meat with low cost ingredients. The aim of this study was to compare the suitability of three different analytical techniques such as GC-MS and 1H-NMR with HPLC-UV/VIS as a targeted method, for the detection of with protein hydrolysates adulterated turkey meat. For this, turkey breast muscles were treated with different plant- (e.g., wheat) and animal-based (e.g., gelatin, casein) protein hydrolysates with different hydrolyzation degrees (15–53%: partial; 100%: total), which were produced by enzymatic and acidic hydrolysis. A water- and a nontreated sample (REF) served as controls. The data analyses revealed that the hydrolysate-treated samples had significantly higher levels of amino acids (e.g., leucine, phenylalanine, lysine) compared with REF observed with all three techniques concordantly. Furthermore, the nontargeted metabolic profiling (GC-MS and NMR) showed that sugars (glucose, maltose) and/or by-products (build and released during acidic hydrolyses, e.g., levulinic acid) could be used for the differentiation between control and hydrolysates (type, degrees). The combination of amino acid profiling and additional compounds gives stronger evidence for the detection and classification of adulteration in turkey breast meat.
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Jiang M, Yang H, Peng R, Han Q, Jiang X. 1H NMR-based metabolomic analysis of cuttlefish, Sepia pharaonis (Ehrenberg, 1831) exposed to hypoxia stresses and post-anoxia recovery. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 726:138317. [PMID: 32305752 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen deficiency (hypoxia and anoxia) is an emerging concern in estuarine and coastal ecosystems worldwide. Previous studies on Mollusca Cephalopoda have focused on the effects of hypoxia stress on physiological performance and survival, but there are few reports on the molecular mechanism, and the application of metabolomics in cephalopods remains unknown. In this study, a 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based metabolomics approach was applied to investigate the metabolites profiles of Sepia pharaonis (Ehrenberg, 1831) during hypoxia and post-anoxia recovery. The results revealed that obvious tissue-specific metabolic responses were induced by hypoxia stresses. Hypoxia exposure influenced the levels of many metabolites (e.g. BCAAs, lactate, and betaine strongly accumulated in the hepatic tissue while arginine and ATP significantly reduced; lactate and adenosine significantly increased in gills whereas arginine and choline significantly decreased; GABA, taurine and adenosine levels increased in brain but a significant depletion of N-Acetylaspartate and glycogen was found), disturbed energy and amino acid metabolism, and broke the balance of neurotransmitters and osmoregulators. Notably, almost all metabolites returned to pre-exposure levels after acute hypoxia recovery. However, we noted a pronounced depletion of the amino acid pool (arginine, glutamine, and alanine) in hepatic and gills after recovery, as well as organic osmolytes fluctuations (choline, betaine, and taurine). This work highlights the potential of metabolomics methods to elucidate the response of cuttlefish to hypoxia stress, as well as to provide knowledge on metabolic changes in cephalopods under the influences of environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maowang Jiang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, PR China
| | - Hua Yang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, PR China
| | - Ruibing Peng
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, PR China
| | - Qingxi Han
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, PR China
| | - Xiamin Jiang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, PR China.
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Large-Scale Evaluation of Major Soluble Macromolecular Components of Fish Muscle from a Conventional 1H-NMR Spectral Database. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081966. [PMID: 32340308 PMCID: PMC7221887 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) has been widely used for identification and quantification of small molecular components in food. However, identification of major soluble macromolecular components from conventional 1H-NMR spectra is difficult. This is because the baseline appearance is masked by the dense and high-intensity signals from small molecular components present in the sample mixtures. In this study, we introduced an integrated analytical strategy based on the combination of additional measurement using a diffusion filter, covariation peak separation, and matrix decomposition in a small-scale training dataset. This strategy is aimed to extract signal profiles of soluble macromolecular components from conventional 1H-NMR spectral data in a large-scale dataset without the requirement of re-measurement. We applied this method to the conventional 1H-NMR spectra of water-soluble fish muscle extracts and investigated the distribution characteristics of fish diversity and muscle soluble macromolecular components, such as lipids and collagens. We identified a cluster of fish species with low content of lipids and high content of collagens in muscle, which showed great potential for the development of functional foods. Because this mechanical data processing method requires additional measurement of only a small-scale training dataset without special sample pretreatment, it should be immediately applicable to extract macromolecular signals from accumulated conventional 1H-NMR databases of other complex gelatinous mixtures in foods.
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14
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Lulijwa R, Alfaro AC, Merien F, Burdass M, Meyer J, Venter L, Young T. Metabolic and immune responses of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) smolts to a short-term poly (I:C) challenge. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 96:731-746. [PMID: 31995234 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly (I:C)] was administered in vivo to Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) post-smolts to determine the immune responses on haematological and cellular functional parameters, including spleen (SP), head kidney (HK) and red blood cell (RBC) cytokine expression, as well as serum metabolomics. Poly (I:C) in vivo (24 h exposure) did not affect fish haematological parameters, leucocyte phagocytic activity and phagocytic index, reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide production. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics revealed that poly (I:C) significantly altered the serum biochemistry profile of 25 metabolites. Metabolites involved in the branched-chain amino acid/glutathione and transsulphuration pathways and phospholipid metabolism accumulated in poly (I:C)-treated fish, whereas those involved in the glycolytic and energy metabolism pathways were downregulated. At cytokine transcript level, poly (I:C) induced a significant upregulation of antiviral ifnγ in HK and Mx1 protein in HK, SP and RBCs. This study provides evidence for poly (I:C)-induced, immune-related biomarkers at metabolic and molecular levels in farmed O. tshawytscha in vivo. These findings provide insights into short-term effects of poly (I:C) at haematological, innate and adaptive immunity and metabolic levels, setting the stage for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Lulijwa
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- National Agricultural Research Organisation (NARO), Rwebitaba Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute (Rwebitaba-ZARDI), Fort Portal, Uganda
| | - Andrea C Alfaro
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Fabrice Merien
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- AUT-Roche Diagnostics Laboratory, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mark Burdass
- Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology (NMIT), Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Jill Meyer
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- AUT-Roche Diagnostics Laboratory, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Leonie Venter
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tim Young
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- The Centre for Biomedical and Chemical Sciences, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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15
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Yang C, Du X, Hao R, Wang Q, Deng Y, Sun R. Effect of vitamin D3 on immunity and antioxidant capacity of pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii after transplantation: Insights from LC-MS-based metabolomics analysis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:271-279. [PMID: 31499202 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative care is a critical step of pearl culture that ultimately determines culture success. To determine the effect of dietary vitamin D3 (VD3) levels on immunity and antioxidant capacity of pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii during postoperative care and explore the mechanisms behind this phenomenon, five isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets were formulated by adding different levels of dietary VD3 (0, 500, 1000, 3000, and 10000 IU/kg), and the diets were fed to five experimental groups (EG1, EG2, EG3, EG4, and EG5) in turn and cultured indoors. The control group (CG) was cultured in the natural sea. Pearl oysters that were 1.5 years old were subjected to nucleus insertion. After culturing for 30 days, EG3 exhibited significantly higher survival rates than those in CG and EG5 (P < 0.05). Moreover, EG3 exhibited the highest activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and lysozyme. However, EG5 achieved the highest activities of glutathione peroxidase. Metabolomics-based profiling of pearl oysters fed with high levels of dietary VD3 (EG5) and optimum levels of dietary VD3 (EG3) revealed 76 significantly differential metabolites (SDMs) (VIP > 1 and P < 0.05). Pathway analysis indicated that SDMs were involved in 21 pathways. Furthermore, integrated key metabolic pathway analysis suggested that pearl oysters in EG5 regulated the pentose phosphate pathway, glutathione metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism in response to stress generated from excessive VD3. These findings had significant implications on strengthening the future development and application of VD3 in aquaculture of pearl oyster P. f. martensii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangye Yang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Xiaodong Du
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Ruijuan Hao
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Qingheng Wang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yuewen Deng
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Ruijiao Sun
- Zhejiang Hengxing Food Co., Ltd, Jiaxing, 314100, China
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Li M, Kang S, Zheng Y, Shao J, Zhao H, An Y, Cao G, Li Q, Yue X, Yang M. Comparative metabolomics analysis of donkey colostrum and mature milk using ultra-high-performance liquid tandem chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Dairy Sci 2019; 103:992-1001. [PMID: 31677837 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Donkey milk has been widely shown to be an ideal substitute for human milk because of its similar composition. However, alterations to the composition of donkey milk during lactation have not been well studied. In this study, untargeted metabolomics with ultra-high-performance liquid tandem chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry were used to analyze and compare the metabolites in donkey colostrum (DC) and mature milk (DMM). Two hundred seventy metabolites were characterized in both DC and DMM. Fifty-two of the metabolites in the DC were significantly different from those in the DMM; 8 were downregulated and 44 were upregulated. This demonstrated that the composition of the donkey milk changed with lactation. Additionally, the interactions and metabolic pathways were further analyzed to explore the mechanisms that altered the milk during lactation. Our results provide comprehensive insights into the alterations in donkey milk during lactation. The results will aid in future investigations into the nutrition of donkey milk and provide practical information for the dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China 110866
| | - Shimo Kang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China 110866
| | - Yan Zheng
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China 110866
| | - Junhua Shao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China 110866
| | - Huiwen Zhao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China 110866
| | - Yuejia An
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China 110866
| | - Ge Cao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China 110866
| | - Qilong Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China 110866
| | - Xiqing Yue
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China 110866.
| | - Mei Yang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China 110866.
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Metabolic Effects of Dietary Glycerol Supplementation in Muscle and Liver of European Seabass and Rainbow Trout by 1H NMR Metabolomics. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9100202. [PMID: 31569727 PMCID: PMC6835518 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9100202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The sustainable growth of fish aquaculture will require the procurement of non-marine feed sources. Glycerol is a potential feed supplement whose metabolism may spare the catabolism of dietary amino acids, thereby extending the use of the feed protein to other physiological functions such as growth. In the present study, the effects of dietary glycerol supplementation on the muscle and liver metabolomes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were evaluated. Fish juveniles were fed diets with 0%, 2.5%, and 5% glycerol. Muscle and liver aqueous fractions were extracted and 1H NMR spectra were acquired. Metabolite profiles derived from the 1H NMR signals were assessed using univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. The adenylate energy charge was determined in the muscle. For both species, the muscle metabolite profile showed more variability compared to that of the liver and was most perturbed by the 5.0% glycerol diet. For the liver metabolite profile, rainbow trout showed fewer differences compared to European seabass. No differences were observed in energy charge between experimental groups for either species. Thus, rainbow trout appeared to be less susceptible to tissue metabolite perturbations, compared to seabass, when the diet was supplemented with up to 5% glycerol.
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18
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1H NMR-Based Metabolomics and Lipid Analyses Revealed the Effect of Dietary Replacement of Microbial Extracts or Mussel Meal with Fish Meal to Arctic Charr (Salvelinus alpinus). FISHES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes4030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effects of replacing 40% of dietary fish meal (FM) in a reference diet (REF) with either mussel meal (MM), zygomycete fungi (ZYG), extracted baker’s yeast (EY), or non-extracted baker’s yeast (NY) on the lipid and metabolic profile of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) were investigated. After a 14-week feeding trial, liver and muscle tissues were collected for lipid (lipid content, lipid class, fatty acid composition) and 1H NMR-based metabolomics analyses (aqueous and chloroform phases). Lipid analyses showed that fish fed ZYG diet had lower liver lipid content and thereby 10% higher level of docosahexaenoic acid compared with REF. Metabolomics analyses showed that on the one hand fish fed NY diet affected liver metabolites (2–3 fold higher concentrations of e.g., n,n-dimethylglycine and betaine) compared with REF, while, on the other hand, the muscle metabolic fingerprint was mainly affected by EY. In general, affected metabolites (e.g., alanine, anserine, betaine, hydroxyproline, isoleucine, malonate, n,n-dimethylglycine, proline, succinate, and valine) in fish fed test diets suggested that the test meal ingredients caused mainly a response in muscle metabolism. Fish metabolism was least affected by MM, which suggests that it may be suitable to replace fish meal in Arctic charr diets.
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Yang C, Hao R, Du X, Wang Q, Deng Y, Sun R. Response to different dietary carbohydrate and protein levels of pearl oysters (Pinctada fucata martensii) as revealed by GC-TOF/MS-based metabolomics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:2614-2623. [PMID: 30373048 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Land-based culturing can avoid the effects of environmental pollution and natural disasters, thus ensuring food safety for shellfish. However, food availability, in this case, is limited. To achieve the optimum balance of dietary carbohydrates and proteins and explore the mechanisms behind the phenomenon, we formulated five isoenergetic and isolipidic diets (C30P40, C35P35, C40P30, C45P25, and C50P20) with different levels of carbohydrates (C) and proteins (P). There were five experimental groups (C30P40, C35P35, C40P30, C45P25, and C50P20) and two control groups (CG1 and CG2). CG1 was fed with mixed powders of yeast and Chlorella sp., and CG2 was cultured in natural sea. After 60-day feeding, the highest rates of survival and absolute growth appeared in C45P25. C45P25 exhibited significantly higher activities of amylase, protease, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and phenoloxidase and significantly lower malondialdehyde content than C30P40, C35P35, C40P30, C50P20, and CG1. No significant differences were observed between C45P25 and CG2. Furthermore, the total antioxidant capacity of the pearl oysters in C45P25 was significantly higher than that in C30P40, C35P35, C40P30, and C50P20. On the basis of these results, the optimal balance of proteins and carbohydrates for pearl oysters was the C45P25 diet. Metabolomics-based profiling of the pearl oysters fed with high-carbohydrate/low-protein diet (C45P25) and low-carbohydrate/high-protein diet (C30P40) revealed 80 significantly different metabolites (VIP > 1 and P < 0.05). Furthermore, integrated key metabolic pathway analysis showed that C45P25 regulated starch and sucrose metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism and glycine, serine and threonine metabolism to meet the energy demand and increase the glucogenic amino acid, thereby promoting protein synthesis and reducing fatty acid β-oxidation in comparison with C30P40. This finding helps elucidate the underlying mechanisms leading to the high-carbohydrate/low-protein diet characteristic of the optimal dietary carbohydrate and protein levels of P. f. martensii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangye Yang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Ruijuan Hao
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xiaodong Du
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Qingheng Wang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yuewen Deng
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Ruijiao Sun
- Zhejiang Hengxing Food Co., Ltd., Jiaxing 314100, China
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20
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Roques S, Deborde C, Richard N, Sergent L, Kurz F, Skiba-Cassy S, Fauconneau B, Moing A. Characterizing alternative feeds for rainbow trout (O. mykiss) by 1H NMR metabolomics. Metabolomics 2018; 14:155. [PMID: 30830467 PMCID: PMC6267160 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1454-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fish feed formulations are constantly evolving to improve the quality of diets for farmed fish and to ensure the sustainability of the aquaculture sector. Nowadays, insect, microalgae and yeast are feedstuff candidates for new feeds. However, the characterization of aquafeed is still based on proximate and targeted analyses which may not be sufficient to assess feed quality. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to highlight the soluble compounds that specifically differ between selected plant-based feeds complemented with alternative feedstuffs and discuss their origin and potential for fish nutrition. METHODS A growth trial was carried out to evaluate growth performances and feed conversion ratios of fish fed plant-based, commercial, insect, spirulina and yeast feeds. 1H NMR metabolomics profiling of each feed was performed using a CPMG sequence on polar extracts. Spectra were processed, and data were analyzed using multivariate and univariate analyses to compare alternative feeds to a plant-based feed. RESULTS Fish fed insect or yeast feed showed the best growth performances associated with the lowest feed conversion ratios compared to plant-based feed. Soluble compound 1H NMR profiles of insect and spirulina alternative feeds differed significantly from the plant-based one that clustered with yeast feed. In insect and spirulina feeds, specific differences compared to plant-based feed concerned glycerol and 3-hydroxybutyrate, respectively. CONCLUSION This strategy based on compositional differences between plant-based and alternative feeds can be useful for detecting compounds unsuspected until now that could impact fish metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Roques
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition Métabolisme, Aquaculture, 64310 Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
- Phileo Lesaffre Animal Care, 59700 Marcq-en-Baroeul, France
- Bordeaux Metabolome Facility, MetaboHUB, CGFB, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine Bordeaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Catherine Deborde
- Bordeaux Metabolome Facility, MetaboHUB, CGFB, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine Bordeaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR 1332 Fruit Biology and Pathology, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine Bordeaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Nadège Richard
- Phileo Lesaffre Animal Care, 59700 Marcq-en-Baroeul, France
| | | | - Francis Kurz
- Algae Natural Food, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Sandrine Skiba-Cassy
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition Métabolisme, Aquaculture, 64310 Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Benoît Fauconneau
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition Métabolisme, Aquaculture, 64310 Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Annick Moing
- Bordeaux Metabolome Facility, MetaboHUB, CGFB, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine Bordeaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR 1332 Fruit Biology and Pathology, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine Bordeaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
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Yang C, Hao R, Du X, Deng Y, Sun R, Wang Q. Metabolomics Responses of Pearl Oysters ( Pinctada fucata martensii) Fed a Formulated Diet Indoors and Cultured With Natural Diet Outdoors. Front Physiol 2018; 9:944. [PMID: 30072917 PMCID: PMC6060569 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural disasters and environmental pollution are the main problems in traditional offshore cultivation. While culturing pearl oysters through industrial farming can avoid these problems, food availability in this case is limited. This study compares the metabolomics responses of pearl oysters, Pinctada fucata martensii, fed a formulated diet indoors with those of oysters cultured with natural diet outdoors by using a gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS)-based metabolomics approach. The animals were divided into two groups as follows: the experimental group (EG) was fed a formulated diet indoors and the control group (CG) was cultured with natural diet outdoors. After 45 days of feeding, the survival rate of EG was significantly higher than that of CG. The absolute growth rate (AGR) of the total weight of EG did not significantly differ from that of CG, but the AGRs of the shell length, shell height, and shell width of CG were significantly higher than those of EG. EG showed significantly higher amylase activities than CG, and the hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase concentrations of the former were significantly lower than those of the latter. Metabolomics revealed 125 metabolites via mass spectrum matching with a spectral similarity value > 700 in the hepatopancreas, and 48 metabolites were considered to be significantly different between groups (VIP > 1 and P < 0.05). Pathway analysis results indicated that these significantly different metabolites were involved in 34 pathways. Further integrated key metabolic pathway analysis showed that, compared with CG, EG had lower capabilities for cysteine and methionine metabolism, sulfur metabolism, and starch and sucrose metabolism. This study demonstrated that the formulated diet could be an excellent substitute for natural diet; however, its nutrients were insufficient. Effective strategies should be developed to enhance the utilization of formulated diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangye Yang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ruijuan Hao
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaodong Du
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.,Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuewen Deng
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.,Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ruijiao Sun
- Zhejiang Hengxing Food Co., Ltd., Jiaxing, China
| | - Qingheng Wang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.,Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
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Jarak I, Tavares L, Palma M, Rito J, Carvalho RA, Viegas I. Response to dietary carbohydrates in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) muscle tissue as revealed by NMR-based metabolomics. Metabolomics 2018; 14:95. [PMID: 30830389 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1390-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Feed optimization is a key step to the environmental and economic sustainability of aquaculture, especially for carnivorous species. Plant-derived ingredients can contribute to reduce costs and nitrogenous effluents while sparing wild fish stocks. However, the metabolic use of carbohydrates from vegetable sources by carnivorous fish is still not completely understood. OBJECTIVES We aimed to study the effects of diets with carbohydrates of different digestibilities, gelatinized starch (DS) and raw starch (RS), in the muscle metabolome of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). METHODS We followed an NMR-metabolomics approach, using two sample preparation procedures, the intact muscle (HRMAS) and the aqueous muscle extracts (1H NMR), to compare the variations in muscle metabolome between the two diets. RESULTS In muscle, multivariate analysis revealed similar metabolome shifts for DS and RS diets, when compared with the control diet. HRMAS of intact muscle, which included both hydrophobic and hydrophilic metabolites, showed increased lipid in DS-fed fish by univariate analysis. Regardless of the nature of the starch, increased glycine and phenylalanine, and decreased proline were observed when compared to the Ctr diet. Combined univariate analysis of intact muscle and aqueous extracts indicated specific diet related changes in lipid and amino acid metabolism, consistent with increased dietary carbohydrate supplementation. CONCLUSIONS Due to differential sample processing, outputs differ in detail but provide complementary information. After tracing nutritional alterations by profiling fillet components, DS seems to be the most promising alternative to fishmeal-based diets in aquaculture. This approach should be reproducible for other farmed fish species and provide valuable information on nutritional and organoleptic properties of the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Jarak
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ludgero Tavares
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana Palma
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Rito
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui A Carvalho
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ivan Viegas
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Kikuchi J, Ito K, Date Y. Environmental metabolomics with data science for investigating ecosystem homeostasis. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 104:56-88. [PMID: 29405981 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A natural ecosystem can be viewed as the interconnections between complex metabolic reactions and environments. Humans, a part of these ecosystems, and their activities strongly affect the environments. To account for human effects within ecosystems, understanding what benefits humans receive by facilitating the maintenance of environmental homeostasis is important. This review describes recent applications of several NMR approaches to the evaluation of environmental homeostasis by metabolic profiling and data science. The basic NMR strategy used to evaluate homeostasis using big data collection is similar to that used in human health studies. Sophisticated metabolomic approaches (metabolic profiling) are widely reported in the literature. Further challenges include the analysis of complex macromolecular structures, and of the compositions and interactions of plant biomass, soil humic substances, and aqueous particulate organic matter. To support the study of these topics, we also discuss sample preparation techniques and solid-state NMR approaches. Because NMR approaches can produce a number of data with high reproducibility and inter-institution compatibility, further analysis of such data using machine learning approaches is often worthwhile. We also describe methods for data pretreatment in solid-state NMR and for environmental feature extraction from heterogeneously-measured spectroscopic data by machine learning approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kikuchi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, 1 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-0810, Japan.
| | - Kengo Ito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Date
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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Jasour MS, Wagner L, Sundekilde UK, Larsen BK, Greco I, Orlien V, Olsen K, Rasmussen HT, Hjermitslev NH, Hammershøj M, Dalsgaard AJT, Dalsgaard TK. A Comprehensive Approach to Assess Feathermeal as an Alternative Protein Source in Aquafeed. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:10673-10684. [PMID: 29119793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of partially replacing fishmeal in aquafeed with feathermeal (FTH) at three levels (0%: FTH0, 8%: FTH8, 24%: FTH24) and two extrusion temperatures (100 and 130 °C) was evaluated in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with respect to growth performance, metabolism response, and oxidative status of the feed proteins. Multivariate data analyses revealed that FTH24 correlated positively with high levels of oxidation products, amino acids (AA) racemization, glucogenic AAs level in liver, feed intake (FI), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed conversion ratio (FCR); and low AAs digestibility. Both FI and SGR were significantly increased when 8 and 24% feathermeal was included in the feed extruded at 100 °C, while there was a negative effect on FCR in fish fed FTH24. In conclusion, higher oxidation levels in FTH24 may give rise to metabolic alterations while lower levels of FTH may be considered as fishmeal substitute in aquafeed for rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sedigh Jasour
- Science and Technology, Department of Food Science, Aarhus University , Blichers Allé 20, Tjele/Kirstinebjergvej, 5792 Årslev, Denmark
| | - Liane Wagner
- Science and Technology, Department of Food Science, Aarhus University , Blichers Allé 20, Tjele/Kirstinebjergvej, 5792 Årslev, Denmark
| | - Ulrik K Sundekilde
- Science and Technology, Department of Food Science, Aarhus University , Blichers Allé 20, Tjele/Kirstinebjergvej, 5792 Årslev, Denmark
| | - Bodil K Larsen
- DTU Aqua, Section for Aquaculture, The North Sea Research Centre, Technical University of Denmark , P.O. Box 101, DK-9850 Hirtshals, Denmark
| | - Ines Greco
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen , Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Orlien
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen , Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Karsten Olsen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen , Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Hanne T Rasmussen
- Biomar A/S, R&D Process Technology , Mylius Erichsensvej 35, 7330 Brande, Denmark
| | - Niels H Hjermitslev
- Biomar A/S, R&D Process Technology , Mylius Erichsensvej 35, 7330 Brande, Denmark
| | - Marianne Hammershøj
- Science and Technology, Department of Food Science, Aarhus University , Blichers Allé 20, Tjele/Kirstinebjergvej, 5792 Årslev, Denmark
| | - Anne J T Dalsgaard
- DTU Aqua, Section for Aquaculture, The North Sea Research Centre, Technical University of Denmark , P.O. Box 101, DK-9850 Hirtshals, Denmark
| | - Trine K Dalsgaard
- Science and Technology, Department of Food Science, Aarhus University , Blichers Allé 20, Tjele/Kirstinebjergvej, 5792 Årslev, Denmark
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NMR-Based Identification of Metabolites in Polar and Non-Polar Extracts of Avian Liver. Metabolites 2017; 7:metabo7040061. [PMID: 29144418 PMCID: PMC5746741 DOI: 10.3390/metabo7040061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolites present in liver provide important clues regarding the physiological state of an organism. The aim of this work was to evaluate a protocol for high-throughput NMR-based analysis of polar and non-polar metabolites from a small quantity of liver tissue. We extracted the tissue with a methanol/chloroform/water mixture and isolated the polar metabolites from the methanol/water layer and the non-polar metabolites from the chloroform layer. Following drying, we re-solubilized the fractions for analysis with a 600 MHz NMR spectrometer equipped with a 1.7 mm cryogenic probe. In order to evaluate the feasibility of this protocol for metabolomics studies, we analyzed the metabolic profile of livers from house sparrow (Passer domesticus) nestlings raised on two different diets: livers from 10 nestlings raised on a high protein diet (HP) for 4 d and livers from 12 nestlings raised on the HP diet for 3 d and then switched to a high carbohydrate diet (HC) for 1 d. The protocol enabled the detection of 52 polar and nine non-polar metabolites in 1H NMR spectra of the extracts. We analyzed the lipophilic metabolites by one-way ANOVA to assess statistically significant concentration differences between the two groups. The results of our studies demonstrate that the protocol described here can be exploited for high-throughput screening of small quantities of liver tissue (approx. 100 mg wet mass) obtainable from small animals.
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NMR-based untargeted metabolomic study of hydrogen peroxide-induced development and diapause termination in brine shrimp. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2017; 24:118-126. [PMID: 28982093 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Artemia diapause has been extensively studied in embryonic biology for a long time. It has been demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) can increase the hatching rate in the development and diapause termination of Artemia cysts. This study used an untargeted 1H NMR-based metabolomic approach to explore the physiological regulation of H2O2 in initiating the development and terminating the diapause of Artemia cysts. This experiment was divided into two parts. In the first part, we analyzed three groups with or without H2O2 as control-0h, control-5h and H2O2 (180μM)-5h; in the second part, after 7-d incubation, the non-hatching cysts were treated with different H2O2 concentrations as low as 180μM and as high 1800μM. The results showed that arginine and proline metabolism were up-regulated after 5h, and H2O2 up-regulated valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis in the development of cysts. In the second part, low H2O2 (180μM) showed alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, but high H2O2 (1800μM) also up-regulated arginine and proline metabolism, as in the control group without H2O2 stimulus. These results suggest that enough H2O2 can catalyze cell transcription and translation in Artemia cysts, and it improves the cell growth rate, thus allowing embryo cells to grow again.
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27
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Zhang H, Zhao L. Influence of sublethal doses of acetamiprid and halosulfuron-methyl on metabolites of zebra fish (Brachydanio rerio). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 191:85-94. [PMID: 28806601 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Acetamiprid, a neonicotinoid pesticide, is reported to have adverse sublethal effects on non-target beneficial organisms. Halosulfuron-methyl (HM), one of the most widely used herbicides in agriculture, has high ecotoxicity to aquatic plants and animals. In this study, a GC-MS-based metabolomics approach was used to investigate the toxicity of acetamiprid and HM. The Automated Mass Spectral Deconvolution and Identification System (AMDIS) software program and the retention index method were used to identify 51 metabolites in zebra fish (Brachydanio rerio). Changes in metabolites showed that acetamiprid and HM disturbed amino acid (e.g., leucine, valine, serine, glycine, proline, and alanine) metabolism, the TCA cycle (malic acid and fumaric acid), and the balance of neurotransmitters (glutamic acid, taurine, and glycine). The change in metabolites in the liver, head, and blood indicated that metabolites in the liver were more sensitive than those in the head and blood. Overall, on the basis of the change in metabolites, we identified a potential risk to zebra fish exposed to sublethal doses of acetamiprid and/or HM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Department of Biology, Xinzhou Teachers University, Xinzhou, Shanxi 034000, PR China; Shanxi Academy of Analytical Science, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- Department of Biology, Xinzhou Teachers University, Xinzhou, Shanxi 034000, PR China.
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28
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Trans-omics approaches used to characterise fish nutritional biorhythms in leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus). Sci Rep 2017; 7:9372. [PMID: 28839183 PMCID: PMC5570933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09531-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture is now a major supplier of fish, and has the potential to be a major source of protein in the future. Leopard coral groupers are traded in Asian markets as superior fish, and production via aquaculture has commenced. As feeding efficiency is of great concern in aquaculture, we sought to examine the metabolism of leopard coral groupers using trans-omics approaches. Metabolic mechanisms were comprehensively analysed using transcriptomic and metabolomic techniques. This study focused on the dynamics of muscular metabolites and gene expression. The omics data were discussed in light of circadian rhythms and fasting/feeding. The obtained data suggest that branched-chain amino acids played a role in energy generation in the fish muscle tissues during fasting. Moreover, glycolysis, TCA cycles, and purine metabolic substances exhibited circadian patterns, and gene expression also varied. This study is the first step to understanding the metabolic mechanisms of the leopard coral grouper.
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29
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Cheng K, Wagner L, Pickova J, Moazzami A. NMR-based metabolomics reveals compartmental metabolic heterogeneity in liver of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus). CAN J ZOOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2016-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics involves systematic study of low-molecular-mass metabolites in cells, tissues, or biofluids and is nowadays widely applied to characterize the physiological status of aquatic organisms under a set of conditions, such as disease and toxin exposure. Liver, an important metabolic center in the fish body, is often used for metabolomics analysis. Compared with the whole fish liver, the proportion of liver sample needed for metabolomics analysis is relatively small. The homogeneity of metabolites in liver is thus an important issue, especially for comparative studies and biomarker discovery. This study examined the homogeneity of the metabolic profile in liver of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus (L., 1758)) using a NMR-based metabolomics approach. For the analysis, whole liver samples were cut into four parts along the direction of gall bladder and at right angles to this, and metabolites in each part of the liver were extracted and analyzed by multivariate and univariate data analyses. Although the multivariate model was not significant due to variation within the data, the metabolic differences in polar portion of liver extract between the parts were seen, indicating non-homogeneity of Arctic char liver. Therefore, when sampling fish liver for further metabolomics studies, this heterogeneity should be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Cheng
- Department of Food Science, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7051, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L. Wagner
- Department of Food Science, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7051, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J. Pickova
- Department of Food Science, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7051, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A.A. Moazzami
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7015, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
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da Silva Nunes W, de Oliveira CS, Alcantara GB. Ethanol determination in frozen fruit pulps: an application of quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2016; 54:334-340. [PMID: 26578064 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the chemical composition of five types of industrial frozen fruit pulps (acerola, cashew, grape, passion fruit and pineapple fruit pulps) and compares them with homemade pulps at two different stages of ripening. The fruit pulps were characterized by analyzing their metabolic profiles and determining their ethanol content using quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (qNMR). In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to extract more information from the NMR data. We detected ethanol in all industrial and homemade pulps; and acetic acid in cashew, grape and passion fruit industrial and homemade pulps. The ethanol content in some industrial pulps is above the level recommended by regulatory agencies and is near the levels of some post-ripened homemade pulps. This study demonstrates that qNMR can be used to rapidly detect ethanol content in frozen fruit pulps and food derivatives. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilian da Silva Nunes
- Instituto de Química, Laboratório LP2, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Filinto Muller, 1555, CP 549, CEP 79074-460, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Silva de Oliveira
- Instituto de Química, Laboratório LP2, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Filinto Muller, 1555, CP 549, CEP 79074-460, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Braz Alcantara
- Instituto de Química, Laboratório LP2, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Filinto Muller, 1555, CP 549, CEP 79074-460, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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Johanningsmeier SD, Harris GK, Klevorn CM. Metabolomic Technologies for Improving the Quality of Food: Practice and Promise. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2016; 7:413-38. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-022814-015721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne D. Johanningsmeier
- USDA-ARS, SEA Food Science Research Unit, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695;
| | - G. Keith Harris
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7624; ,
| | - Claire M. Klevorn
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7624; ,
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Kovacevic V, Simpson AJ, Simpson MJ. (1)H NMR-based metabolomics of Daphnia magna responses after sub-lethal exposure to triclosan, carbamazepine and ibuprofen. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2016; 19:199-210. [PMID: 26809854 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products are a class of emerging contaminants that are present in wastewater effluents, surface water, and groundwater around the world. There is a need to determine rapid and reliable bioindicators of exposure and the toxic mode of action of these contaminants to aquatic organisms. (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics in combination with multivariate statistical analysis was used to determine the metabolic profile of Daphnia magna after exposure to a range of sub-lethal concentrations of triclosan (6.25-100μg/L), carbamazepine (1.75-14mg/L) and ibuprofen (1.75-14mg/L) for 48h. Sub-lethal triclosan exposure suggested a general oxidative stress condition and the branched-chain amino acids, glutamine, glutamate, and methionine emerged as potential bioindicators. The aromatic amino acids, serine, glycine and alanine are potential bioindicators for sub-lethal carbamazepine exposure that may have altered energy metabolism. The potential bioindicators for sub-lethal ibuprofen exposure are serine, methionine, lysine, arginine and leucine, which showed a concentration-dependent response. The differences in the metabolic changes were related to the dissimilar modes of toxicity of triclosan, carbamazepine and ibuprofen. (1)H NMR-based metabolomics gave an improved understanding of how these emerging contaminants impact the keystone species D. magna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Kovacevic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada; Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - André J Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada; Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Myrna J Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada; Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada.
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Maruhenda Egea FC, Toledo-Guedes K, Sanchez-Jerez P, Ibanco-Cañete R, Uglem I, Saether BS. A Metabolomic Approach To Detect Effects of Salmon Farming on Wild Saithe (Pollachius virens) Populations. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:10717-10726. [PMID: 26600204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A metabolomics approach was used to analyze effects of salmon farming on wild saithe (Pollachius virens) populations. Saithe fish were captured at two salmon farms and at two control locations around the island of Hitra, Norway. Changes in diet seem to drive changes in metabolic status of fishes. The liver and muscle tissues, from the fishes captured around the farm, showed higher levels of lactate and certain amino acids (glutamine, glutamate, and alanine) and lower levels of glucose and choline than the fishes captured in the control locations, far from the farm locations. The higher levels of lactate and amino acids could be related to the facility of obtaining food around the farm and the deficit in choline to the deficit of this nutrient in the salmon feed. At each location the fish were captured with either benthic gill nets and automatic jigging machines, and this feature showed also variations in different metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kilian Toledo-Guedes
- Norwegian Institute of Nature Research (NINA) , Tungasletta 2, 7485 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | | | - Ingebrit Uglem
- Norwegian Institute of Nature Research (NINA) , Tungasletta 2, 7485 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn-Steinar Saether
- Nofima AS, The Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research , 9291 Tromsø, Norway
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Cheng K, Wagner L, Moazzami AA, Gómez-Requeni P, Schiller Vestergren A, Brännäs E, Pickova J, Trattner S. Decontaminated fishmeal and fish oil from the Baltic Sea are promising feed sources for Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinusL.)-studies of flesh lipid quality and metabolic profile. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201500247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Cheng
- Department of Food Science, Uppsala BioCenter; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Liane Wagner
- Department of Food Science, Uppsala BioCenter; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Ali A. Moazzami
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Uppsala BioCenter; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Pedro Gómez-Requeni
- Department of Food Science, Uppsala BioCenter; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala Sweden
| | | | - Eva Brännäs
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Umeå Sweden
| | - Jana Pickova
- Department of Food Science, Uppsala BioCenter; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala Sweden
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice; CENAKVA; Vodnany Czech Republic
| | - Sofia Trattner
- Department of Food Science, Uppsala BioCenter; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala Sweden
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35
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Yang J, Zhao X, Lu X, Lin X, Xu G. A data preprocessing strategy for metabolomics to reduce the mask effect in data analysis. Front Mol Biosci 2015; 2:4. [PMID: 25988172 PMCID: PMC4428451 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2015.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
HighlightsDeveloped a data preprocessing strategy to cope with missing values and mask effects in data analysis from high variation of abundant metabolites. A new method- ‘x-VAST’ was developed to amend the measurement deviation enlargement. Applying the above strategy, several low abundant masked differential metabolites were rescued.
Metabolomics is a booming research field. Its success highly relies on the discovery of differential metabolites by comparing different data sets (for example, patients vs. controls). One of the challenges is that differences of the low abundant metabolites between groups are often masked by the high variation of abundant metabolites. In order to solve this challenge, a novel data preprocessing strategy consisting of three steps was proposed in this study. In step 1, a ‘modified 80%’ rule was used to reduce effect of missing values; in step 2, unit-variance and Pareto scaling methods were used to reduce the mask effect from the abundant metabolites. In step 3, in order to fix the adverse effect of scaling, stability information of the variables deduced from intensity information and the class information, was used to assign suitable weights to the variables. When applying to an LC/MS based metabolomics dataset from chronic hepatitis B patients study and two simulated datasets, the mask effect was found to be partially eliminated and several new low abundant differential metabolites were rescued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian, China ; Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis Davis, CA, USA
| | - Xinjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian, China
| | - Xiaohui Lin
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology Dalian, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian, China
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36
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Yoshida S, Date Y, Akama M, Kikuchi J. Comparative metabolomic and ionomic approach for abundant fishes in estuarine environments of Japan. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7005. [PMID: 25387575 PMCID: PMC4228347 DOI: 10.1038/srep07005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental metabolomics or ionomics is widely used to characterize the effects of environmental stressors on the health of aquatic organisms. However, most studies have focused on liver and muscle tissues of fish, and little is known about how the other organs are affected by environmental perturbations and effects such as metal pollutants or eutrophication. We examined the metabolic and mineral profiles of three kinds of abundant fishes in estuarine ecosystem, yellowfin goby, urohaze-goby, and juvenile Japanese seabass sampled from Tsurumi River estuary, Japan. Multivariate analyses, including nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry-based ionomics approaches, revealed that the profiles were clustered according to differences among body tissues rather than differences in body size, sex, and species. The metabolic and mineral profiles of the muscle and fin tissues, respectively, suggest that these tissues are most appropriate for evaluating environmental perturbations. Such analyses will be highly useful in evaluating the environmental variation and diversity in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Yoshida
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Date
- 1] Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan [2] RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Makiko Akama
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- 1] Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan [2] RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan [3] RIKEN Biomass Engineering Program, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan [4] Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, 1 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-0810, Japan
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37
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Asakura T, Sakata K, Yoshida S, Date Y, Kikuchi J. Noninvasive analysis of metabolic changes following nutrient input into diverse fish species, as investigated by metabolic and microbial profiling approaches. PeerJ 2014; 2:e550. [PMID: 25374774 PMCID: PMC4217172 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An NMR-based metabolomic approach in aquatic ecosystems is valuable for studying the environmental effects of pharmaceuticals and other chemicals on fish. This technique has also contributed to new information in numerous research areas, such as basic physiology and development, disease, and water pollution. We evaluated the microbial diversity in various fish species collected from Japan’s coastal waters using next-generation sequencing, followed by evaluation of the effects of feed type on co-metabolic modulations in fish-microbial symbiotic ecosystems in laboratory-scale experiments. Intestinal bacteria of fish in their natural environment were characterized (using 16S rRNA genes) for trophic level using pyrosequencing and noninvasive sampling procedures developed to study the metabolism of intestinal symbiotic ecosystems in fish reared in their environment. Metabolites in feces were compared, and intestinal contents and feed were annotated based on HSQC and TOCSY using SpinAssign and network analysis. Feces were characterized by species and varied greatly depending on the feeding types. In addition, feces samples demonstrated a response to changes in the time series of feeding. The potential of this approach as a non-invasive inspection technique in aquaculture is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiga Asakura
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science , Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa , Japan ; Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University , Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Kenji Sakata
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science , Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Seiji Yoshida
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science , Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa , Japan ; Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University , Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Date
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science , Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa , Japan ; Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University , Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science , Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa , Japan ; Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University , Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa , Japan ; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi , Japan ; RIKEN Biomass Engineering Program , Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa , Japan
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