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Kuroiwa T, Nakagawa Y, Takayanagi R, Kanazawa A. Chitosanase-immobilized magnetite-agar gel particles as a highly stable and reusable biocatalyst for enhanced production of physiologically active chitosan oligosaccharides. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 178:110443. [PMID: 38593516 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2024.110443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
A novel immobilized chitosanase was developed and utilized to produce chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs) via chitosan hydrolysis. Magnetite-agar gel particles (average particle diameter: 338 μm) were prepared by emulsifying an aqueous agar solution dispersing 200-nm magnetite particles with isooctane containing an emulsifier at 80 °C, followed by cooling the emulsified mixture. The chitosanase from Bacillus pumilus was immobilized on the magnetite-agar gel particles chemically activated by introducing glyoxyl groups with high immobilization yields (>80%), and the observed specific activity of the immobilized chitosanase was 16% of that of the free enzyme. This immobilized chitosanase could be rapidly recovered from aqueous solutions by applying magnetic force. The thermal stability of the immobilized chitosanase improved remarkably compared with that of free chitosanase: the deactivation rate constants at 35 °C of the free and immobilized enzymes were 8.1 × 10-5 and 3.9 × 10-8 s-1, respectively. This immobilized chitosanase could be reused for chitosan hydrolysis at 75 °C and pH 5.6, and 80% of its initial activity was maintained even after 10 cycles of use. COSs with a degree of polymerization (DP) of 2-7 were obtained using this immobilized chitosanase, and the product content of physiologically active COSs (DP ≥ 5) reached approximately 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kuroiwa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo City University, 1-28-1 Tamazutsumi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan.
| | - Yuta Nakagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo City University, 1-28-1 Tamazutsumi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Takayanagi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo City University, 1-28-1 Tamazutsumi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kanazawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo City University, 1-28-1 Tamazutsumi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan
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2
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Zhao X, Wang J, Li D, Ma F, Fang Y, Lu J, Hou N. Investigation of non-classical secretion of oxalate decarboxylase in Bacillus mojavensis XH1 mediated by exopeptide YydF: Mechanism and application. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130662. [PMID: 38453118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Non-classical secretory proteins are widely found in bacteria and have been extensively studied due to their important physiological roles. However, the relevant non-classical secretory mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we found that oxalate decarboxylase (Bacm OxDC) from Bacillus mojavensis XH1 belongs to non-classical secretory proteins. Its N-terminus showed high hydrophilicity, which was different from the conventional signal peptide. The truncation test revealed that the deletion of the N-terminus affects the structure resulting in its inability to cross the cell membrane. Further studies verified that the exported peptide YydF played an important role in the secretion process of Bacm OxDC. Experimental results on the secretion mechanism indicated that Bacm OxDC bound to the exported peptide YydF and they are translocated to the cell membrane together, after which Bacm OxDC caused cell membrane relaxation for transmembrane secretion. Thereafter, three recombinant proteins were successfully secreted with certain enzymatic activity by fusing Bacm OxDC as a guide protein with various target proteins. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first time that non-classical secretion mechanism in bacteria has been analyzed. The novel discovery may provide a reference and broaden the horizons of the secretion pathway and expression regulation of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, PR China
| | - Dapeng Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, PR China.
| | - Fang Ma
- College of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Yellow River Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, PR China
| | - Yongping Fang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, PR China
| | - Jia Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, PR China
| | - Ning Hou
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, PR China.
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Gao W, Ding F, Wu J, Ma W, Wang C, Man Z, Cai Z, Guo J. Modulation of a Loop Region in the Substrate Binding Pocket Affects the Degree of Polymerization of Bacillus subtilis Chitosanase Products. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4358-4366. [PMID: 38349745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The hydrolytic products of chitosanase from Streptomyces avermitilis (SaCsn46A) were found to be aminoglucose and chitobiose, whereas those of chitosanase from Bacillus subtilis (BsCsn46A) were chitobiose and chitotriose. Therefore, the sequence alignment between SaCsn46A and BsCsn46A was conducted, revealing that the structure of BsCsn46A possesses an extra loop region (194N-200T) at the substrate binding pocket. To clarify the impact of this loop on hydrolytic properties, three mutants, SC, TJN, and TJA, were constructed. Eventually, the experimental results indicated that SC changed the ratio of chitobiose to chitotriose hydrolyzed by chitosanase from 1:1 into 2:3, while TJA resulted in a ratio of 15:7. This experiment combined molecular research to unveil a crucial loop within the substrate binding pocket of chitosanase. It also provides an effective strategy for mutagenesis and a foundation for altering hydrolysate composition and further applications in engineering chitosanase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Gao
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Fei Ding
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Weiqi Ma
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Zaiwei Man
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Zhiqiang Cai
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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Liang J, He S, Sun J, Bao H, Cui L. Secretory production and characterization of a highly effective chitosanase from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) M145 in Pichia pastoris. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300402. [PMID: 38403403 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a glycoside hydrolase family 46 chitosanase from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) M145 was firstly cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115 (P. pastoris GS115). The recombinant enzyme (CsnA) showed maximal activity at pH 6.0 and 65°C. Both thermal stability and pH stability of CsnA expressed in P. pastoris GS115 were significantly increased compared with homologous expression in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). A stable chitosanase activity of 725.7 ± 9.58 U mL-1 was obtained in fed-batch fermentation. It's the highest level of CsnA from Streptomyces coelicolor expressed in P. pastoris so far. The hydrolytic process of CsnA showed a time-dependent manner. Chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs) generated by CsnA showed antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum sp. cucumerinum (F. oxysporum sp. cucumerinum). The secreted expression and hydrolytic performance make the enzyme a desirable biocatalyst for industrial controllable production of chitooligosaccharides with specific degree of polymerization, which have potential to control fungi that cause important crop diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Colleges and Universities, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengbin He
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Colleges and Universities, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Colleges and Universities, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Haodong Bao
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Colleges and Universities, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanyu Cui
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Colleges and Universities, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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Paudel L, Pardhe BD, Han SR, Lee JH, Oh TJ. Identification and evaluation of CAZyme genes, along with functional characterization of a new GH46 chitosanase from Streptomyces sp. KCCM12257. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127457. [PMID: 37844821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The genomic analysis of Streptomyces sp. KCCM12257 presented 233 CAZyme genes with a predominant glycosyl hydrolase family. This contributes degradation of various polysaccharides including chitin and chitosan, and other promising candidates for the production of different oligosaccharides. We screened the strain providing different polysaccharides as a sole source of carbon and strain KCCM12257, showed higher activity towards colloidal chitosan. Further, we identified and characterized a new chitosanase (MDI5907146) of GH46 family. There was no activity towards chitin, carboxymethylcellulose, or even with chitosan powder. This enzyme acts on colloidal chitosan and hydrolyzes it down into monoacetyl chitobiose, which consists of two glucosamine units with an acetyl group attached to them. The maximum enzyme activity was observed at pH 6.5 and 40 °C using colloidal chitosan as a substrate. The Co2+ metal ions almost double the reaction as compared to other metal ions. The dissociation constant (Km) and of colloidal chitosan (≥90 % and ≥75%DD) were 3.03 mg/ml and 5.01 mg/ml respectively, while maximum velocity (Vmax) values were found to be 36 mg/ml, and 30 μM/μg/min, respectively. Similarly, catalytic efficiency (Kcat/Km) of colloidal chitosan with ≥90 %DD was 1.9 fold higher than colloidal chitosan with ≥75%DD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshan Paudel
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School, SunMoon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Bashu Dev Pardhe
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School, SunMoon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Ra Han
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School, SunMoon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea; Genome-based BioIT Convergence Institute, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea; Bio Big Data-based Chungnam Smart Clean Research Leader Training Program, SunMoon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyuck Lee
- Research Unit of Cryogenic Novel Materials, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae-Jin Oh
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School, SunMoon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea; Genome-based BioIT Convergence Institute, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea; Bio Big Data-based Chungnam Smart Clean Research Leader Training Program, SunMoon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, SunMoon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea.
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Mittal A, Singh A, Buatong J, Saetang J, Benjakul S. Chitooligosaccharide and Its Derivatives: Potential Candidates as Food Additives and Bioactive Components. Foods 2023; 12:3854. [PMID: 37893747 PMCID: PMC10606384 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharide (CHOS), a depolymerized chitosan, can be prepared via physical, chemical, and enzymatic hydrolysis, or a combination of these techniques. The superior properties of CHOS have attracted attention as alternative additives or bioactive compounds for various food and biomedical applications. To increase the bioactivities of a CHOS, its derivatives have been prepared via different methods and were characterized using various analytical methods including FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. CHOS derivatives such as carboxylated CHOS, quaternized CHOS, and others showed their potential as potent anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, neuroprotective, and anti-cancer agents, which could further be used for human health benefits. Moreover, enhanced antibacterial and antioxidant bioactivities, especially for a CHOS-polyphenol conjugate, could play a profound role in shelf-life extension and the safety assurance of perishable foods via the inhibition of spoilage microorganisms and pathogens and lipid oxidation. Also, the effectiveness of CHOS derivatives for shelf-life extension can be augmented when used in combination with other preservative technologies. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the production of a CHOS and its derivatives, as well as their potential applications in food as either additives or nutraceuticals. Furthermore, it revisits recent advancements in translational research and in vivo studies on CHOS and its derivatives in the medical-related field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Mittal
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand; (A.M.); (A.S.); (J.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Avtar Singh
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand; (A.M.); (A.S.); (J.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Jirayu Buatong
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand; (A.M.); (A.S.); (J.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Jirakrit Saetang
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand; (A.M.); (A.S.); (J.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand; (A.M.); (A.S.); (J.B.); (J.S.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Kumari S, Leon Magdaleno JS, Grewal RK, Narsing Rao MP, Rajjak Shaikh A, Cavallo L, Chawla M, Kumar M. High potential for biomass-degrading CAZymes revealed by pine forest soil metagenomics. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37768075 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2262600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The undisturbed environment in Netarhat, with its high levels of accumulated lignocellulosic biomass, presents an opportunity to identify microbes for biomass digestion. This study focuses on the bioprospecting of native soil microbes from the Netarhat forest in Jharkhand, India, with the potential for lignocellulosic substrate digestion. These biocatalysts could help overcome the bottleneck of biomass saccharification and reduce the overall cost of biofuel production, replacing harmful fossil fuels. The study used metagenomic analysis of pine forest soil via whole genome shotgun sequencing, revealing that most of the reads matched with the bacterial species, very low percentage of reads (0.1%) belongs to fungal species, with 13% of unclassified reads. Actinobacteria were found to be predominant among the bacterial species. MetaErg annotation identified 11,830 protein family genes and 2 metabolic marker genes in the soil samples. Based on the Carbohydrate Active EnZyme (CAZy) database, 3,996 carbohydrate enzyme families were identified, with family Glycosyl hydrolase (GH) dominating with 1,704 genes. Most observed GH families in the study were GH0, 3, 5, 6. 9, 12. 13, 15, 16, 39, 43, 57, and 97. Modelling analysis of a representative GH 43 gene suggested a strong affinity for cellulose than xylan. This study highlights the lignocellulosic digestion potential of the native microfauna of the lesser-known pine forest of Netarhat.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Kumari
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Jorge S Leon Magdaleno
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Kaust Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ravneet Kaur Grewal
- Department of Research and Innovation, STEMskills Research and Education Lab Private Limited, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Manik Prabhu Narsing Rao
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Sede Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Abdul Rajjak Shaikh
- Department of Research and Innovation, STEMskills Research and Education Lab Private Limited, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Kaust Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohit Chawla
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Kaust Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
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Wrońska N, Katir N, Nowak-Lange M, El Kadib A, Lisowska K. Biodegradable Chitosan-Based Films as an Alternative to Plastic Packaging. Foods 2023; 12:3519. [PMID: 37761228 PMCID: PMC10530273 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of synthetic packaging on environmental pollution has been observed for years. One of the recent trends of green technology is the development of biomaterials made from food processing waste as an alternative to plastic packaging. Polymers obtained from some polysaccharides, such as chitosan, could be an excellent solution. This study investigated the biodegradability of chitosan-metal oxide films (ZnO, TiO2, Fe2O3) and chitosan-modified graphene films (CS-GO-Ag) in a soil environment. We have previously demonstrated that these films have excellent mechanical properties and exhibit antibacterial activity. This study aimed to examine these films' biodegradability and the possibility of their potential use in the packaging industry. The obtained results show that soil microorganisms were able to utilize chitosan films as the source of carbon and nitrogen, thus providing essential evidence about the biodegradability of CS, CS:Zn (20:1; 10:1), and CS:Fe2O3 (20:1) films. After 6 weeks of incubation, the complete degradation of the CS-Fe2O3 20:1 sample was noted, while after 8 weeks, CS-ZnO 20:1 and CS-ZnO 10:1 were degraded. This is a very positive result that points to the practical aspect of the biodegradability of such films in soil, where garbage is casually dumped and buried. Once selected, biodegradable films can be used as an alternative to plastic packaging, which contributes to the reduction in pollution in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Wrońska
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland (K.L.)
| | - Nadia Katir
- Engineering Division, Euromed Research Center, Euro-Med University of Fes (UEMF), Route de Meknes, Rond-Point de Bensouda, Fes 30070, Morocco (A.E.K.)
| | - Marta Nowak-Lange
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland (K.L.)
| | - Abdelkrim El Kadib
- Engineering Division, Euromed Research Center, Euro-Med University of Fes (UEMF), Route de Meknes, Rond-Point de Bensouda, Fes 30070, Morocco (A.E.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Lisowska
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland (K.L.)
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Doan CT, Tran TN, Tran TPH, Nguyen TT, Nguyen HK, Tran TKT, Vu BT, Trinh THT, Nguyen AD, Wang SL. Chitosanase Production from the Liquid Fermentation of Squid Pens Waste by Paenibacillus elgii. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3724. [PMID: 37765578 PMCID: PMC10537793 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosanases play a significant part in the hydrolysis of chitosan to form chitooligosaccharides (COS) that possess diverse biological activities. This study aimed to enhance the productivity of Paenibacillus elgii TKU051 chitosanase by fermentation from chitinous fishery wastes. The ideal parameters for achieving maximum chitosanase activity were determined: a squid pens powder amount of 5.278% (w/v), an initial pH value of 8.93, an incubation temperature of 38 °C, and an incubation duration of 5.73 days. The resulting chitosanase activity of the culture medium was 2.023 U/mL. A chitosanase with a molecular weight of 25 kDa was isolated from the culture medium of P. elgii TKU051 and was biochemically characterized. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed that P. elgii TKU051 chitosanase exhibited a maximum amino acid identity of 43% with a chitosanase of Bacillus circulans belonging to the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 46. P. elgii TKU051 chitosanase demonstrated optimal activity at pH 5.5 while displaying remarkable stability within the pH range of 5.0 to 9.0. The enzyme displayed maximum efficiency at 60 °C and demonstrated considerable stability at temperatures ≤40 °C. The presence of Mn2+ positively affected the activity of the enzyme, while the presence of Cu2+ had a negative effect. Thin-layer chromatography analysis demonstrated that P. elgii TKU051 chitosanase exhibited an endo-type cleavage pattern and hydrolyzed chitosan with 98% degree of deacetylation to yield (GlcN)2 and (GlcN)3. The enzymatic properties of P. elgii TKU051 chitosanase render it a promising candidate for application in the production of COS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien Thang Doan
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.); (T.P.H.T.); (T.T.N.); (H.K.N.); (T.K.T.T.); (B.T.V.); (T.H.T.T.)
| | - Thi Ngoc Tran
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.); (T.P.H.T.); (T.T.N.); (H.K.N.); (T.K.T.T.); (B.T.V.); (T.H.T.T.)
| | - Thi Phuong Hanh Tran
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.); (T.P.H.T.); (T.T.N.); (H.K.N.); (T.K.T.T.); (B.T.V.); (T.H.T.T.)
| | - Thi Thanh Nguyen
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.); (T.P.H.T.); (T.T.N.); (H.K.N.); (T.K.T.T.); (B.T.V.); (T.H.T.T.)
| | - Huu Kien Nguyen
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.); (T.P.H.T.); (T.T.N.); (H.K.N.); (T.K.T.T.); (B.T.V.); (T.H.T.T.)
| | - Thi Kim Thi Tran
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.); (T.P.H.T.); (T.T.N.); (H.K.N.); (T.K.T.T.); (B.T.V.); (T.H.T.T.)
| | - Bich Thuy Vu
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.); (T.P.H.T.); (T.T.N.); (H.K.N.); (T.K.T.T.); (B.T.V.); (T.H.T.T.)
| | - Thi Huyen Trang Trinh
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.); (T.P.H.T.); (T.T.N.); (H.K.N.); (T.K.T.T.); (B.T.V.); (T.H.T.T.)
| | - Anh Dzung Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam;
| | - San-Lang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
- Life Science Development Center, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
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Wang Y, Mo H, Hu Z, Liu B, Zhang Z, Fang Y, Hou X, Liu S, Yang G. Production, Characterization and Application of a Novel Chitosanase from Marine Bacterium Bacillus paramycoides BP-N07. Foods 2023; 12:3350. [PMID: 37761058 PMCID: PMC10528844 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides (COS), a high-value chitosan derivative, have many applications in food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and agriculture owing to their unique biological activities. Chitosanase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of chitosan, can cleave β-1,4 linkages to produce COS. In this study, a chitosanase-producing Bacillus paramycoides BP-N07 was isolated from marine mud samples. The chitosanase enzyme (BpCSN) activity was 2648.66 ± 20.45 U/mL at 52 h and was able to effectively degrade chitosan. The molecular weight of purified BpCSN was approximately 37 kDa. The yield and enzyme activity of BpCSN were 0.41 mg/mL and 8133.17 ± 47.83 U/mg, respectively. The optimum temperature and pH of BpCSN were 50 °C and 6.0, respectively. The results of the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of chitosan treated with BpCSN for 3 h showed that it is an endo-chitosanase, and the main degradation products were chitobiose, chitotriose and chitotetraose. BpCSN was used for the preparation of oligosaccharides: 1.0 mg enzyme converted 10.0 g chitosan with 2% acetic acid into oligosaccharides in 3 h at 50 °C. In summary, this paper reports that BpCSN has wide adaptability to temperature and pH and high activity for hydrolyzing chitosan substrates. Thus, BpCSN is a chitosan decomposer that can be used for producing chitooligosaccharides industrially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (Y.W.); (H.M.); (Z.H.); (B.L.); (Z.Z.); (Y.F.); (X.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Hongjuan Mo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (Y.W.); (H.M.); (Z.H.); (B.L.); (Z.Z.); (Y.F.); (X.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Zhihong Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (Y.W.); (H.M.); (Z.H.); (B.L.); (Z.Z.); (Y.F.); (X.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Bingjie Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (Y.W.); (H.M.); (Z.H.); (B.L.); (Z.Z.); (Y.F.); (X.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Zhiqian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (Y.W.); (H.M.); (Z.H.); (B.L.); (Z.Z.); (Y.F.); (X.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Yaowei Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (Y.W.); (H.M.); (Z.H.); (B.L.); (Z.Z.); (Y.F.); (X.H.); (S.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechology, Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xiaoyue Hou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (Y.W.); (H.M.); (Z.H.); (B.L.); (Z.Z.); (Y.F.); (X.H.); (S.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechology, Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Shu Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (Y.W.); (H.M.); (Z.H.); (B.L.); (Z.Z.); (Y.F.); (X.H.); (S.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechology, Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Guang Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (Y.W.); (H.M.); (Z.H.); (B.L.); (Z.Z.); (Y.F.); (X.H.); (S.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechology, Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
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11
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Abedin RMA, Abd Elwaly DRM, Abd El-Salam AE. Production, statistical evaluation and characterization of chitosanase from Fusarium oxysporum D18. ANN MICROBIOL 2023; 73:27. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-023-01731-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
The present research work focuses on the extraction of chitosanase enzyme from soil fungi. Chitosan hydrolysis by chitosanase is one of the most effective methods to produce chitosan oligosaccharides which are new biomaterials that have many biological activities such as antitumour, antioxidant, antidiabetic and antimicrobial.
Method
A strain producing chitosanase was screened and identified as Fusarium oxysporum D18 with an accession number OL343607. Various physiological parameters (incubation type, carbon source, additive nitrogen source, statistical evaluation, solid state fermentation) were assessed to increase chitosanase production.
Results
Fusarium oxysporum D18 produced a considerable value of chitosanase (1.220 U/ml). After 7 days of incubation, the best carbon source was lactose, and the best nitrogen source was ammonium chloride. Statistical evaluation was carried out by using Plackett–Burman and Box-Behnken designs. The highest chitosanase production (1.994 U/ml) was induced by the medium composition g/l: KH2PO4 (1.5), MgSO4 (0.269), lactose (18), NH4Cl (1.26), pH (6.68), using a 5-day-old inoculum and chitosanase activity was 1.63 folds that of the original medium. The production of chitosanase by Fusarium oxysporum D18 in solid state cultures using different solid substrates was studied and the best solid substrate for higher chitosanase activity (2.246 U/ml) was raw shrimp heads and shells and chitosanase activity was 1.13 folds that of the optimized liquid cultures. An extracellular chitosanase was isolated and partially purified by using 75% saturation of ammonium sulphate. The highest chitosanase activity (3.667 U/ml) with a specific activity of 0.390 U/mg protein was obtained at enzyme protein concentration of 9.391 mg/ml, substrate concentration of 1.2 % (w/v), Vmax of the enzyme of approximately 0.430 U/mg protein, and KM of 0.26 % (w/v), at pH 5.6 and reaction temperature of 50 °C. The activity of the purified and characterized chitosanase increased by 3 times than that the original isolate activity. The enzyme was thermostable and retained about 55% of its original activity after heating at 70 °C for 15 min. The enzyme preparations were activated by Ca2+ ions and inactivated by Zn+2, Cu+2 ions, and EDTA.
Conclusion
An antitumour activity of chitooligosaccharides produced by the chitosanase was applied to the MCF-7 (breast carcinoma cells) and they had a cytotoxicity inhibitory effect against them about IC50 = 448 μg/ml.
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12
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Zhang Q, Miao R, Feng R, Yan J, Wang T, Gan Y, Zhao J, Lin J, Gan B. Application of Atmospheric and Room-Temperature Plasma (ARTP) to Microbial Breeding. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6466-6484. [PMID: 37623227 PMCID: PMC10453651 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45080408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric and room-temperature plasma (ARTP) is an efficient microbial mutagenesis method with broad application prospects. Compared to traditional methods, ARTP technology can more effectively induce DNA damage and generate stable mutant strains. It is characterized by its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and avoidance of hazardous chemicals, presenting a vast potential for application. The ARTP technology is widely used in bacterial, fungal, and microalgal mutagenesis for increasing productivity and improving characteristics. In conclusion, ARTP technology holds significant promise in the field of microbial breeding. Through ARTP technology, we can create mutant strains with specific genetic traits and improved performance, thereby increasing yield, improving quality, and meeting market demands. The field of microbial breeding will witness further innovation and progress with continuous refinement and optimization of ARTP technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China; (Q.Z.); (R.M.); (R.F.); (J.Y.); (T.W.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (J.L.)
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610299, China
| | - Renyun Miao
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China; (Q.Z.); (R.M.); (R.F.); (J.Y.); (T.W.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (J.L.)
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610299, China
| | - Rencai Feng
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China; (Q.Z.); (R.M.); (R.F.); (J.Y.); (T.W.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (J.L.)
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610299, China
| | - Junjie Yan
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China; (Q.Z.); (R.M.); (R.F.); (J.Y.); (T.W.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (J.L.)
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610299, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China; (Q.Z.); (R.M.); (R.F.); (J.Y.); (T.W.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (J.L.)
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610299, China
| | - Ying Gan
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China; (Q.Z.); (R.M.); (R.F.); (J.Y.); (T.W.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (J.L.)
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610299, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China; (Q.Z.); (R.M.); (R.F.); (J.Y.); (T.W.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (J.L.)
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610299, China
| | - Junbin Lin
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China; (Q.Z.); (R.M.); (R.F.); (J.Y.); (T.W.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (J.L.)
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610299, China
| | - Bingcheng Gan
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China; (Q.Z.); (R.M.); (R.F.); (J.Y.); (T.W.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (J.L.)
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610299, China
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13
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Leoni C, Manzari C, Chiara M, Veronico P, Bruno GL, Pesole G, Ceci LR, Volpicella M. Chitinolytic Enzymes of the Hyperparasite Fungus Aphanocladium album: Genome-Wide Survey and Characterization of A Selected Enzyme. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1357. [PMID: 37317333 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The filamentous fungus Aphanocladium album is known as a hyperparasite of plant pathogenic fungi; hence, it has been studied as a possible agent for plant protection. Chitinases secreted by A. album have proven to be essential for its fungicidal activity. However, no complete analysis of the A. album chitinase assortment has been carried out, nor have any of its chitinases been characterized yet. In this study, we report the first draft assembly of the genome sequence of A. album (strain MX-95). The in silico functional annotation of the genome allowed the identification of 46 genes encoding chitinolytic enzymes of the GH18 (26 genes), GH20 (8 genes), GH75 (8 genes), and GH3 (4 genes) families. The encoded proteins were investigated by comparative and phylogenetic analysis, allowing clustering in different subgroups. A. album chitinases were also characterized according to the presence of different functional protein domains (carbohydrate-binding modules and catalytic domains) providing the first complete description of the chitinase repertoire of A. album. A single chitinase gene was then selected for complete functional characterization. The encoded protein was expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris, and its activity was assayed under different conditions of temperature and pH and with different substrates. It was found that the enzyme acts mainly as a chitobiosidase, with higher activity in the 37-50 °C range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Leoni
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, CNR, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Caterina Manzari
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Enviroment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo Chiara
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Pasqua Veronico
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR, Via G. Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luigi Bruno
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Graziano Pesole
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, CNR, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Enviroment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Interuniversity Consortium for Biotechnology, Località Padriciano, 99, Area di Ricerca, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luigi R Ceci
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, CNR, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Volpicella
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Enviroment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
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14
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Abedin RMA, Elwaly DRMA, El-salam AEA. Production, Statistical Evaluation and Characterization of Chitosanase from Fusarium oxysporum D18.. [DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2898996/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose The present research work focuses on the extraction of chitosanase enzyme from soil fungi. Chitosan hydrolysis by chitosanase is one of the most effective methods to produce chitosan oligosaccharides which are new biomaterials that have many biological activities such as antitumor, antioxidant, antidiabetic and antimicrobial.
Method: A strain producing chitosanase was screened and identified as Fusarium oxysporum D18 with an accession number OL343607. Various physiological parameters (incubation type, carbon source, additive nitrogen source, statistical evaluation, solid state fermentation) were assessed to increase chitosanase production.
Results: Fusarium oxysporum D18 produced a considerable value of chitosanase, (1.220 U/ml). after 7 days of incubation, the best carbon source was lactose, and the best nitrogen source was ammonium chloride. Statistical evaluation was carried out by using Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken designs. The highest chitosanase production, (1.994 U/ml) was induced by the medium composition g/L: KH2PO4 (1.5), MgSO4 (0.269), lactose (18), NH4Cl (1.26), pH (6.68), using a 5-day old inoculum and chitosanase activity was 1.63 folds that of the original medium. The production of chitosanase by Fusarium oxysporum D18 in solid state cultures using different solid substrates was studied and the best solid substrate for higher chitosanase activity (2.246 U/ml) was raw shrimp heads and shells and chitosanase activity was 1.13 folds that of the optimized liquid cultures. An extracellular chitosanase was isolated and partially purified by using 75 % saturation of ammonium sulphate. The highest chitosanase activity (3.667 U/ml) was obtained at enzyme protein concentration, (9.391 mg/ml), substrate concentration, (1.20%), Vmax of the enzyme was approximately (4.04 U/ml), km was (0.26%), at pH, (5.6) and reaction temperature, (50°C). The activity of the purified and characterized chitosanase increased by 3 times than that the original isolate activity. The enzyme was thermostable and retained about 55% of its original activity after heating at 70°C for 15 min. The enzyme preparations were activated by Ca2+ ions and inactivated by Zn+2, Cu+2 ions, and EDTA.
Conclusion: An antitumor activity of chitooligosaccharides produced by the chitosanase was applied to the MCF-7 (breast carcinoma cells) and they had a cytotoxicity inhibitory effect against them about IC50 = (448 μg/ml).
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Gonçalves CGE, Lourenço LDFH, Philippsen HK, Santos AS, Santos LND, Ferreira NR. Crude Enzyme Concentrate of Filamentous Fungus Hydrolyzed Chitosan to Obtain Oligomers of Different Sizes. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092079. [PMID: 37177223 PMCID: PMC10181246 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a non-cytotoxic polysaccharide that, upon hydrolysis, releases oligomers of different sizes that may have antioxidant, antimicrobial activity and the inhibition of cancer cell growth, among other applications. It is, therefore, a hydrolysis process with great biotechnological relevance. Thus, this study aims to use a crude enzyme concentrate (CEC) produced by a filamentous fungus to obtain oligomers with different molecular weights. The microorganism was cultivated in a liquid medium (modified Czapeck-with carboxymethylcellulose as enzyme inducer). The enzymes present in the CEC were identified by LC-MS/MS, with an emphasis on cellobiohydrolase (E.C 3.2.1.91). The fungus of the Aspergillus genus was identified by amplifying the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA region and metaproteomic analysis, where the excreted enzymes were identified with sequence coverage greater than 84% to A. nidulans. Chitosan hydrolysis assays compared the CEC with the commercial enzyme (Celluclast 1.5 L®). The ability to reduce the initial molecular mass of chitosan by 47.80, 75.24, and 93.26% after 2.0, 5.0, and 24 h of reaction, respectively, was observed. FTIR analyses revealed lower absorbance of chitosan oligomers' spectral signals, and their crystallinity was reduced after 3 h of hydrolysis. Based on these results, we can conclude that the crude enzyme concentrate showed a significant technological potential for obtaining chitosan oligomers of different sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hellen Kempfer Philippsen
- Faculty of Biology, Socioenvironmental and Water Resources Institute, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Campus Belém, Belem 66077-830, PA, Brazil
| | - Alberdan Silva Santos
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Lucely Nogueira Dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Nelson Rosa Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66075-110, PA, Brazil
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Technology Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66075-110, PA, Brazil
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16
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Jing G, Wenjun G, Yi W, Kepan X, Wen L, Tingting H, Zhiqiang C. Enhancing Enzyme Activity and Thermostability of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Chitosanase BaCsn46A Through Saturation Mutagenesis at Ser196. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:180. [PMID: 37046080 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03281-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Chitosanase plays an important role in chitooligosaccharides (COS) production. We found that the chitosanase (BaCsn46A) of Bacillus amyloliquefacien was a good candidate for chitosan hydrolysis of COS. In order to further improve the enzyme properties of BaCsn46A, the S196 located near the active center was found to be a critical site impacts on enzyme properties by sequence alignment analysis. Herein, saturation mutation was carried out to study role of 196 site on BaCsn46A catalytic function. Compared with WT, the specific enzyme activity of S196A increased by 118.79%, and the thermostability of S196A was much higher than WT. In addition, we found that the enzyme activity of S196P was 2.41% of that of WT, indicating that the type of amino acid in 196 site could significant affect the catalytic activity and thermostability of BaCsn46A. After molecular docking analysis we found that the increase in hydrogen bonds and decrease in unfavorable bonds interacting with the substrate were the main reason for the change of enzyme properties which is valuable for future studies on Bacillus species chitosanase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Jing
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou Jiangsu, 213164, China
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center and Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gao Wenjun
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Wang Yi
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Xu Kepan
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Luo Wen
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Hong Tingting
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou Jiangsu, 213164, China
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center and Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cai Zhiqiang
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou Jiangsu, 213164, China.
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center and Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, China.
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17
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Mo R, Zhang M, Wang H, Liu T, Liu P, Wu Y. Chitosan Enhances Intestinal Health in Cats by Altering the Composition of Gut Microbiota and Metabolites. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040529. [PMID: 37110186 PMCID: PMC10145270 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between gut microbiota and the health of the host has gained increasing attention. Chitosan is a natural alkaline polysaccharide with a wide range of beneficial effects. However, rare studies have been observed on the effects of dietary chitosan supplementation on intestinal health in cats. A total of 30 cats with mild diarrhea were divided into three groups, receiving a basic diet with 0 (CON), 500 (L-CS) or 2000 (H-CS) mg/kg chitosan. Samples of blood and feces were collected and analyzed for serology and gut microbiota composition. The results demonstrated that chitosan alleviated symptoms of diarrhea, with enhanced antioxidant capability and decreased inflammatory biomarker levels in serum. Chitosan reshaped the composition of gut microbiota in cats that the beneficial bacteria Allobaculum was significantly increased in the H-CS group. Acetate and butyrate contents in feces were significantly higher in the H-CS group in comparison to the CON group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of dietary chitosan in cats enhanced intestinal health by modulating their intestinal microbes and improved microbiota-derived SCFA production. Our results provided insights into the role of chitosan in the gut microbiota of felines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haotian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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18
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Wang Q, Liu S, Li K, Xing R, Chen X, Li P. A Computational Biology Study on the Structure and Dynamics Determinants of Thermal Stability of the Chitosanase from Aspergillus fumigatus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076671. [PMID: 37047643 PMCID: PMC10095384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmentally friendly and efficient biodegradation with chitosanase for degrading chitosan to oligosaccharide has been gaining more importance. Here, we studied a chitosanase from Aspergillus fumigatus with potential for production, but does not have the ideal thermal stability. The structure predicted by the Alphafold2 model, especially the binding site and two catalytic residues, has been found to have a high similarity with the experimental structure of the chitosanase V-CSN from the same family. The effects of temperature on structure and function were studied by dynamic simulation and the results showed that the binding site had high flexibility. After heating up from 300 K to 350 K, the RMSD and RMSF of the binding site increased significantly, in particular, the downward shift of loop6 closed the binding site, resulting in the spatial hindrance of binding. The time proportions of important hydrogen bonds at the binding site decreased sharply, indicating that serious disruption of hydrogen bonds should be the main interaction factor for conformational changes. The residues contributing energetically to binding were also revealed to be in the highly flexible region, which inevitably leads to the decrease in the activity stability at high temperature. These findings provide directions for the modification of thermal stability and perspectives on the research of proteins without experimental structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Song Liu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Kecheng Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ronge Xing
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
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Saravanan A, Kumar PS, Yuvaraj D, Jeevanantham S, Aishwaria P, Gnanasri PB, Gopinath M, Rangasamy G. A review on extraction of polysaccharides from crustacean wastes and their environmental applications. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 221:115306. [PMID: 36682444 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Disposal of biodegradable waste of seashells leads to an environmental imbalance. A tremendous amount of wastes produced from flourishing shell fish industries while preparing crustaceans for human consumption can be directed towards proper utilization. The review of the present study focuses on these polysaccharides from crustaceans and a few important industrial applications. This review aimed to emphasize the current research on structural analyses and extraction of polysaccharides. The article summarises the properties of chitin, chitosan, and chitooligosaccharides and their derivatives that make them non-toxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible. Different extraction methods of chitin, chitosan, and chitooligosaccharides have been discussed in detail. Additionally, this information outlines possible uses for derivatives of chitin, chitosan, and chitooligosaccharides in the environmental, pharmaceutical, agricultural, and food industries. Additionally, it is essential to the textile, cosmetic, and enzyme-immobilization industries. This review focuses on new, insightful suggestions for raising the value of crustacean shell waste by repurposing a highly valuable material.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saravanan
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
| | - D Yuvaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangaragan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600062, India
| | - S Jeevanantham
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - P Aishwaria
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangaragan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600062, India
| | - P B Gnanasri
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangaragan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600062, India
| | - M Gopinath
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangaragan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600062, India
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; University Centre for Research and Development & Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
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20
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Xia C, Li D, Qi M, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Hu Z, Du X, Zhao Y, Yu K, Huang Y, Li Z, Ye X, Cui Z. Preparation of chitooligosaccharides with a low degree of polymerization and anti-microbial properties using the novel chitosanase AqCsn1. Protein Expr Purif 2023; 203:106199. [PMID: 36372201 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2022.106199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Chitosanases hydrolyze chitosan into chitooligosaccharides (COSs) with various biological activities, which are widely employed in many areas including plant disease management. In this study, the novel chitosanase AqCsn1 belonging to the glycoside hydrolase family 46 (GH46) was cloned from Aquabacterium sp. A7-Y and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). AqCsn1 displayed the highest hydrolytic activity towards chitosan with 95% degree of deacetylation at 40 °C and pH 5.0, with a specific activity of 13.18 U/mg. Product analysis showed that AqCsn1 hydrolyzed chitosan into (GlcN)2 and (GlcN)3 as the main products, demonstrating an endo-type cleavage pattern. Evaluation of antagonistic activity showed that the hydrolysis products of AqCsn1 suppress the mycelial growth of Magnaporthe oryzae and Phytophthora sojae in a concentration-dependent manner, and the inhibition rate of P. sojae reached 39.82% at a concentration of 8 g/L. Our study demonstrates that AqCsn1 and hydrolysis products with a low degree of polymerization might have potential applications in the biological control of agricultural diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Ding Li
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014, Nanjing, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Mengyi Qi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Yanxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Yiheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Zejia Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Xin Du
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Yuqiang Zhao
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Kuai Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Zhoukun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Xianfeng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
| | - Zhongli Cui
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
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21
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Characterization of effects of chitooligosaccharide monomer addition on immunomodulatory activity in macrophages. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112268. [PMID: 36596179 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of five chitooligosaccharide monomers of different molecular weights on immunomodulatory activity in macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells. The incubation of various chitooligosaccharide monomers enhanced phagocytosis and pinocytosis activity toward Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in RAW264.7 cells. The incorporation of chitooligosaccharide monomers significantly boosted the generation of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, as well as the release of inflammatory cytokines. To further explore the mechanism of inflammation regulated by chitooligosaccharide, the activation inhibitors of NF-кB (CAPE) and TLR-4 (TAK-242) were utilized, the determination data demonstrated that chitobiose suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines and NF-кB p65. In addition, the investigation results revealed that the presence of the mannose receptor inhibitor (mannan) suppressed chitohexaose-induced phagocytic activity and inflammatory cytokines. These results suggested that the five distinct chitooligosaccharide monomers had inconsistent effects, the chitobiose and chitohexaose exhibiting the best biological activity in activating RAW264.7 cells, promoting cell proliferation, and increasing non-specific immunity.
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22
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Islam N, Hoque M, Taharat SF. Recent advances in extraction of chitin and chitosan. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:28. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03468-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Su H, Sun J, Jia Z, Zhao H, Mao X. Insights into promiscuous chitosanases: the known and the unknown. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:6887-6898. [PMID: 36178516 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12198-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chitosanase, a glycoside hydrolase (GH), catalyzes the cleavage of β-1,4-glycosidic bonds in polysaccharides and is widely distributed in nature. Many organisms produce chitosanases, and numerous chitosanases in the GH families have been intensely studied. The reported chitosanases mainly cleaved the inter-glucosamine glycosidic bonds, while substrate specificity is not strictly unique due to the existence of bifunctional or multifunctional activity profiles. The promiscuity of chitosanases is essential for the different pathways of biomass polysaccharide conversion and understanding of the chitosanase evolutionary process. However, the reviews for this aspect are completely unknown. This review provides an overview of the promiscuous activities, also considering the substrate and product specificity of chitosanases observed to date. These contribute to important implications for the future discovery and research of promiscuous chitosanases and applications related to biomass conversion. KEY POINTS: • The promiscuity of chitosanases is reviewed for the first time. • The current review provides insights into the substrate specificity of chitosanases. • The mode-product relationship and prospect of promiscuous chitosanases are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Su
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jianan Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhenrong Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Hongjun Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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24
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Chen H, Lin B, Zhang R, Gong Z, Wen M, Su W, Zhou J, Zhao L, Wang J. Controllable preparation of chitosan oligosaccharides via a recombinant chitosanase from marine Streptomyces lydicus S1 and its potential application on preservation of pre-packaged tofu. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1007201. [PMID: 36225376 PMCID: PMC9549211 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1007201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs) are widely applied in many areas due to its various biological activities. Controllable preparation of COSs with desired degree of polymerization (DP) via suitable chitosanase is of great value. Herein, a novel glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 46 chitosanase (SlCsn46) from marine Streptomyces lydicus S1 was prepared, characterized and used to controllably produce COSs with different DP. The specific activity of purified recombinant SlCsn46 was 1,008.5 U/mg. The optimal temperature and pH of purified SlCsn46 were 50°C and 6.0, respectively. Metal ions Mn2+ could improve the stability of SlCsn46. Additionally, SlCsn46 can efficiently hydrolyze 2% and 4% colloidal chitosan to prepare COSs with DP 2–4, 2–5, and 2–6 by adjusting the amount of SlCsn46 added. Moreover, COSs with DP 2–4, 2–5, and 2–6 exhibited potential application value for prolonging the shelf-life of pre-packaged Tofu. The water-holding capacity (WHC), sensorial properties, total viable count (TVC), pH and total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) of pre-packed tofu incorporated with 4 mg/mL COSs with DP 2–4, 2–5, and 2–6 were better than those of the control during 15 days of storage at 10°C. Thus, the controllable hydrolysis strategy provides an effective method to prepare COSs with desired DP and its potential application on preservation of pre-packed tofu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, Shaoyang, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bilian Lin
- College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, Shaoyang, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, Shaoyang, China
| | - Zhouliang Gong
- College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, Shaoyang, China
| | - Ming Wen
- College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, Shaoyang, China
| | - Weiming Su
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, China
| | | | - Liangzhong Zhao
- College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, Shaoyang, China
- *Correspondence: Liangzhong Zhao,
| | - Jianrong Wang
- College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, Shaoyang, China
- Shenzhen Raink Ecology and Environment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
- Jianrong Wang,
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25
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Cao S, Gao P, Xia W, Liu S, Liu X. Cloning and characterization of a novel GH75 family chitosanase from Penicillium oxalicum M2. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Xu Y, Li L, Cao S, Zhu B, Yao Z. An updated comprehensive review of advances on structural features, catalytic mechanisms, modification methods and applications of chitosanases. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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27
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Su H, Sun J, Guo C, Jia Z, Mao X. New Insights into Bifunctional Chitosanases with Hydrolysis Activity toward Chito- and Cello-Substrates. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6168-6176. [PMID: 35549271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we carried out a comprehensive investigation of glycoside hydrolase (GH) 46 model-chitosanases based on cleavage specificity classification to understand their unknown bifunctional activity. We for the first time show that GH46 chitosanase CsnMHK1 from Bacillus circulans MH-K1, which was previously thought to be strictly exclusive to chitosan, can hydrolyze both chito- and cello-substrates. We determined the digestion direction of bifunctional chitosanase CsnMHK1 from class III and compared it with class II chitosanase belonging to GH8, providing insight into unique substrate specificities and a new perspective on its reclassification. The results lead us to challenge the current understanding of chitosanase substrate specificity based on GH taxonomy classification and suggest that the prevalence from the common bifunctional activity may have occurred. Altogether, these data contribute to the understanding of chitosanase recognition and hydrolysis toward chito- and cello-substrates, which is valuable for future studies on chitosanases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Su
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jianan Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chaoran Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhenrong Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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28
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Zhang W, Zhou J, Gu Q, Sun R, Yang W, Lu Y, Wang C, Yu X. Heterologous Expression of GH5 Chitosanase in Pichia pastoris and Antioxidant Biological Activity of Its Chitooligosacchride Hydrolysate. J Biotechnol 2022; 348:55-63. [PMID: 35304164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chitosanase was widely used in the production of bioactive chitooligosacchride (CHOS) due to their safety, controllability, environmental protection, and biodegradability. Studies showed that the bioactivity of CHOS is closely related to its degree of polymerization. Therefore, the production of ideal polymerized CHOS becomes our primary goal. In this study, the glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 chitosanase was successfully expressed heterologously in Pichia pastoris. After 96h of high-density fermentation, the chitosanase activity reached 90.62 U·mL-1, the protein content reached 9.76mg·mL-1. When 2% chitosan was hydrolyzed by crude enzyme (20U/mL), the hydrolysis rate reached 91.2% after 8h, producing a mixture of CHOS with 2-4 desirable degrees of polymerization (DP). Then, the antioxidant activity of CHOS mixture was investigated, and the results showed that the antioxidant effect was concentration-dependent and had great application potential in the field of nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuai Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianli Zhou
- School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qiuya Gu
- School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ruobin Sun
- School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wenhua Yang
- School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yu Lu
- School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Congcong Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaobin Yu
- School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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29
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A Novel Chitosanase from Penicillium oxalicum M2 for Chitooligosaccharide Production: Purification, Identification and Characterization. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 64:947-957. [PMID: 35262875 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00461-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study discovered a novel chitosanase from Penicillium oxalicum M2 based on a new screening strategy. An extracellular chitosanase was isolated and purified from the fermentation broth of Penicillium oxalicum M2. A 19.34-fold purification was achieved on a cation exchange column. Using sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis, chitosanase was determined at approximately 42 kDa without any subunits. The sequence of peptide in the protein was identified as SALNKNYITNFSTLR by MALTI-TOF/TOF MS. The maximum catalytic activity of the purified enzyme was 60.45 U/mg at the optimum pH and temperature of 5.5 and 60 °C. The enzyme activity held stability in the range of 35-50 °C and pH 3-4.5. Ca2+, Mn2+, non-ionic surfactants (Tween 20/40/60/80 and Trition X-100) and some common reducing agents (DTT and β-ME) could significantly activate chitosanase. The purified enzyme showed rigorous specificity to chitosan as a substrate. The hydrolysate in the final stage of hydrolysis consisted of chitooligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization ranging from 2 to 5 and without glucosamine or acetylglucosamine. The monomeric enzyme obtained by one-step purification reveal applications potential in sugar industry, and expanded our understanding of the GH75 family chitosanases simultaneously.
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30
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Biochemical characterization and cleavage pattern analysis of a novel chitosanase with cellulase activity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:1979-1990. [PMID: 35175399 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11829-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Chitosanases are critical tools for the preparation of active oligosaccharides, whose composition is related to the cleavage pattern of the enzyme. Although numerous chitosanases have been characterized, the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 5 chitosanases with other activities have rarely been investigated. Herein, a novel and second GH5 chitosanase OUC-Csngly from Streptomyces bacillaris was cloned and further characterized by expression in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Interestingly, OUC-Csngly possessed dual chitosanase and cellulase activities. Molecular docking analysis showed that the C-2 group of sugar units affected the binding of the enzyme to oligosaccharides, which could result in different cleavage patterns toward chito-oligosaccharides (COSs) and cello-oligosaccharides. Further, we characterized OUC-Csngly's distinctive cleavage patterns toward two different types of oligosaccharides. Meanwhile, endo-type chitosanase OUC-Csngly generated (GlcN) - (GlcN)4 from chitosan, was significantly different from other chitosanases. To our knowledge, this is the first report to investigate the different cleavage patterns of chitosanase for COSs and cello-oligosaccharides.Key points• The molecular docking showed C-2 group of sugar units in substrate affecting the cleavage pattern.• The first chitosanase exhibited different cleavage patterns towards chito- and cello-oligosaccharides.• The groups at C-2 influence the subsite composition of the enzyme's active cleft.
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31
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Sambles C, Suarez-Fernandez M, Lopez-Moya F, Lopez-Llorca LV, Studholme DJ. Chitosan induces differential transcript usage of chitosanase 3 encoding gene (csn3) in the biocontrol fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia 123. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:101. [PMID: 35123406 PMCID: PMC8817618 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08232-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pochonia chlamydosporia is an endophytic fungus used for nematode biocontrol that employs its cellular and molecular machinery to degrade the nematode egg-shell. Chitosanases, among other enzymes, are involved in this process. In this study, we improve the genome sequence assembly of P. chlamydosporia 123, by utilizing long Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) sequence reads. Combining this improved genome assembly with previous RNA-seq data revealed alternative isoforms of a chitosanase in the presence of chitosan. This study could open new insights into understanding fungal resistance to chitosan and root-knot nematode (RKN) egg infection processes. Results The P. chlamydosporia 123 genome sequence assembly has been updated using long-read PacBio sequencing and now includes 12,810 predicted protein-coding genes. Compared with the previous assembly based on short reads, there are 701 newly annotated genes, and 69 previous genes are now split. Eight of the new genes were differentially expressed in fungus interactions with Meloidogyne javanica eggs or chitosan. A survey of the RNA-seq data revealed alternative splicing in the csn3 gene that encodes a chitosanase, with four putative splicing variants: csn3_v1, csn3_v2, csn3_v3 and csn3_v4. When P. chlamydosporia is treated with 0.1 mg·mL− 1 chitosan for 4 days, csn3 is expressed 10-fold compared with untreated controls. Furthermore, the relative abundances of each of the four transcripts are different in chitosan treatment compared with controls. In controls, the abundances of each transcript are nil, 32, 55, and 12% for isoforms csn3_v1, csn3_v2, csn3_v3 and csn3_v4 respectively. Conversely, in chitosan-treated P. chlamydosporia, the abundances are respectively 80, 15%, 2—3%, 2—3%. Since isoform csn3_v1 is expressed with chitosan only, the putatively encoded enzyme is probably induced and likely important for chitosan degradation. Conclusions Alternative splicing events have been discovered and described in the chitosanase 3 encoding gene from P. chlamydosporia 123. Gene csn3 takes part in RKN parasitism process and chitosan enhances its expression. The isoform csn3_v1 would be related to the degradation of this polymer in bulk form, while other isoforms may be related to the degradation of chitosan in the nematode egg-shell. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08232-7.
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Feng S, Tang S, Jian Y, Huang X, Jin L, Zhu Z, Dong P, Li Z. Complete Genome Sequence Data of a Novel Streptomyces sp. Strain A2-16, a Potential Biological Control Agent for Potato Late Blight. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:723-726. [PMID: 34191534 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-21-0858-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Streptomyces sp. strain A2-16 was recently isolated from potato root zone soil, and it could inhibit the hyphal growth of Phytophthora infestans. The A2-16 genome consisted of one chromosome of 9,765,518 bp and one plasmid of 30,948 bp with GC contents of 70.88% and 68.39%, respectively. A total of 8,518 predicted coding genes, 3 ncRNA,73 tRNA,18 rRNA genes, and 28 secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters were identified. The products of the gene clusters included bioactive polyketides, terpenes, and siderophores, which might contribute to host plants against disease. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) value (82.88-91.41%) among the genome of A2-16 and other Streptomyces species suggested it might not belong to any previously sequenced species in the Streptomyces genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Shicai Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yongfei Jian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xiaoqing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Liang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zhenglin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Pan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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Wang J, Wang P, Zhu M, Chen W, Yu S, Zhong B. Overexpression and Biochemical Properties of a GH46 Chitosanase From Marine Streptomyces hygroscopicus R1 Suitable for Chitosan Oligosaccharides Preparation. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:816845. [PMID: 35173697 PMCID: PMC8841797 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.816845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the various biological activities of chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs), they have great potential value for use in many areas. Chitosanase plays an important role in enzymatic preparation of COSs. Herein, a gene encoding a chitosanase (ShCsn46) from marine Streptomyces hygroscopicus R1 was cloned and the sequences encoding ShCsn46 without signal peptide were optimized based on the codon usage of Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris). In addition, the optimized gene was ligated to pPICZαA and transformed to P. pastoris X33. After screening, a recombinant strain named X33-Sh33 with the highest activity was isolated from 96 recombinant colonies. The maximum activity and total protein concentration of the recombinant strain ShCsn46 were 2250 U/ml and 3.98 g/l, respectively. The optimal pH and temperature of purified ShCsn46 were 5.5 and 55°C, respectively. Meanwhile, ShCsn46 was stable from pH 5.0 to 10.0 and 40 to 55°C, respectively. The purified ShCsn46 was activated by Mn2+ and inhibited by Cu2+, Fe2+, and Al3+. In addition, substrate specificity of the purified ShCsn46 showed highest activity toward colloidal chitosan with 95% degree of deacetylation. Furthermore, the purified ShCsn46 exhibited high efficiency to hydrolyze 4% colloidal chitosan to prepare COSs. COSs with degree of polymerization of 2–6, 2–5, and 2–4 were controllably produced by adjusting the reaction time. This study provides an excellent chitosanase for the controllable preparation of COSs with a desirable degree of polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Wang
- Shenzhen Raink Ecology & Environment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianrong Wang,
| | - Ping Wang
- Shenzhen Raink Ecology & Environment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Mujin Zhu
- Shenzhen Raink Ecology & Environment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Shenzhen Raink Ecology & Environment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Si Yu
- Shenzhen Raink Ecology & Environment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Zhong
- Shenzhen Raink Ecology & Environment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
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Derwich M, Lassmann L, Machut K, Zoltowska A, Pawlowska E. General Characteristics, Biomedical and Dental Application, and Usage of Chitosan in the Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: A Narrative Review. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020305. [PMID: 35214037 PMCID: PMC8880239 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this narrative review was to present research investigating chitosan, including its general characteristics, properties, and medical and dental applications, and finally to present the current state of knowledge regarding the efficacy of chitosan in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) based on the literature. The PICO approach was used for the literature search strategy. The PubMed database was analyzed with the following keywords: (“chitosan”[MeSH Terms] OR “chitosan”[All Fields] OR “chitosans”[All Fields] OR “chitosan s”[All Fields] OR “chitosane”[All Fields]) AND (“temporomandibular joint”[MeSH Terms] OR (“tem-poromandibular”[All Fields] AND “joint”[All Fields]) OR “temporomandibular joint”[All Fields] OR (“temporomandibular”[All Fields] AND “joints”[All Fields]) OR “temporo-mandibular joints”[All Fields]). After screening 8 results, 5 studies were included in this review. Chitosan presents many biological properties and therefore it can be widely used in several branches of medicine and dentistry. Chitosan promotes wound healing, helps to control bleeding, and is used in wound dressings, such as sutures and artificial skin. Apart from its antibacterial property, chitosan has many other properties, such as antifungal, mucoadhesive, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, and antitumoral properties. Further clinical studies assessing the efficacy of chitosan in the treatment of TMD are required. According to only one clinical study, chitosan was effective in the treatment of TMD; however, better clinical results were obtained with platelet-rich plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Derwich
- ORTODENT, Specialist Orthodontic Private Practice in Grudziadz, 86-300 Grudziadz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-660-723-164
| | - Lukasz Lassmann
- Dental Sense, Dental Private Practice in Gdansk, 80-283 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Machut
- Department of Endodontic Dentistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland; (K.M.); (A.Z.)
| | - Agata Zoltowska
- Department of Endodontic Dentistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland; (K.M.); (A.Z.)
| | - Elzbieta Pawlowska
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland;
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Wang J, Li X, Chen H, Lin B, Zhao L. Heterologous Expression and Characterization of a High-Efficiency Chitosanase From Bacillus mojavensis SY1 Suitable for Production of Chitosan Oligosaccharides. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:781138. [PMID: 34912320 PMCID: PMC8667621 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.781138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosanase plays an important role in enzymatic production of chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs). The present study describes the gene cloning and high-level expression of a high-efficiency chitosanase from Bacillus mojavensis SY1 (CsnBm). The gene encoding CsnBm was obtained by homologous cloning, ligated to pPICZαA, and transformed into Pichia pastoris X33. A recombinant strain designated X33-C3 with the highest activity was isolated from 120 recombinant colonies. The maximum activity and total protein concentration of recombinant strain X33-C3 were 6,052 U/ml and 3.75 g/l, respectively, which were obtained in fed-batch cultivation in a 50-l bioreactor. The optimal temperature and pH of purified CsnBm were 55°C and 5.5, respectively. Meanwhile, CsnBm was stable from pH 4.0 to 9.0 and 40 to 55°C. The purified CsnBm exhibited high activity toward colloidal chitosan with degrees of deacetylation from 85 to 95%. Furthermore, CsnBm exhibited high efficiency to hydrolyze different concentration of colloidal chitosan to produce COSs. The result of this study not only identifies a high-efficiency chitosanase for preparation of COSs, but also casts some insight into the high-level production of chitosanase in heterologous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Wang
- College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, Shaoyang, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Bioengineering Research Center, Guangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, Shaoyang, China
| | - Bilian Lin
- College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, Shaoyang, China
| | - Liangzhong Zhao
- College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, Shaoyang, China
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Engineering of a chitosanase fused to a carbohydrate-binding module for continuous production of desirable chitooligosaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 273:118609. [PMID: 34561008 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides (CHOS) with multiple biological activities are usually produced through enzymatic hydrolysis of chitosan or chitin. However, purification and recycling of the enzyme have largely limited the advancement of CHOS bioproduction. Here, we engineered a novel enzyme by fusing the native chitosanase Csn75 with a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) that can specifically bind to curdlan. The recombinase Csn75-CBM was successfully expressed by Pichia pastoris and allowed one-step purification and immobilization in the chitosanase immobilized curdlan packed-bed reactor (CICPR), where a maximum adsorption capacity of 39.59 mg enzyme/g curdlan was achieved. CHOS with degrees of polymerization of 2-5 (a hydrolysis yield of 97.75%), 3-6 (75.45%), and 3-7 (73.2%) were continuously produced by adjusting the ratio of enzyme and chitosan or the flow rate of chitosan. Moreover, the CICPR exhibited good stability and reusability after several cycles. The recombinase Csn75-CBM has greatly improved the efficiency of the bioproduction of CHOS.
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Rasool A, Rizwan M, Islam A, Abdullah H, Shafqat SS, Azeem MK, Rasheed T, Bilal M. Chitosan‐Based Smart Polymeric Hydrogels and Their Prospective Applications in Biomedicine. STARCH-STARKE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atta Rasool
- School of Chemistry University of the Punjab Lahore Punjab 54000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Chemistry The University of Lahore Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - Atif Islam
- Institute of Polymer and Textile Engineering University of the Punjab Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - Huda Abdullah
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering Programme Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Selangor 43600 Malaysia
| | | | - Muhammad Khalid Azeem
- Institute of Polymer and Textile Engineering University of the Punjab Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - Tahir Rasheed
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering Huaiyin Institute of Technology Huaian 223003 China
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de Andrade RCLC, de Araújo NK, Torres-Rêgo M, Furtado AA, Daniele-Silva A, de Souza Paiva W, de Medeiros Dantas JM, da Silva NS, da Silva-Júnior AA, Ururahy MAG, de Assis CF, De Santis Ferreira L, Rocha HAO, de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa M. Production and Characterization of Chitooligosaccharides: Evaluation of Acute Toxicity, Healing, and Anti-Inflammatory Actions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910631. [PMID: 34638973 PMCID: PMC8508594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for promising biomolecules such as chitooligosaccharides (COS) has increased due to the need for healing products that act efficiently, avoiding complications resulting from exacerbated inflammation. Therefore, this study aimed to produce COS in two stages of hydrolysis using chitosanases derived from Bacillus toyonensis. Additionally, this study aimed to structurally characterize the COS via mass spectrometry, to analyze their biocompatibility in acute toxicity models in vivo, to evaluate their healing action in a cell migration model in vitro, to analyze the anti-inflammatory activity in in vivo models of xylol-induced ear edema and zymosan-induced air pouch, and to assess the wound repair action in vivo. The structural characterization process pointed out the presence of hexamers. The in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of COS was reaffirmed. The COS stimulated the fibroblast migration. In the in vivo inflammatory assays, COS showed an antiedematogenic response and significant reductions in leukocyte migration, cytokine release, and protein exudate. The COS healing effect in vivo was confirmed by the significant wound reduction after seven days of the experiment. These results indicated that the presence of hexamers influences the COS biological properties, which have potential uses in the pharmaceutical field due to their healing and anti-inflammatory action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Caetano Lisbôa Castro de Andrade
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (R.C.L.C.d.A.); (N.K.d.A.); (A.A.F.); (A.D.-S.); (N.S.d.S.); (A.A.d.S.-J.)
| | - Nathália Kelly de Araújo
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (R.C.L.C.d.A.); (N.K.d.A.); (A.A.F.); (A.D.-S.); (N.S.d.S.); (A.A.d.S.-J.)
| | - Manoela Torres-Rêgo
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (R.C.L.C.d.A.); (N.K.d.A.); (A.A.F.); (A.D.-S.); (N.S.d.S.); (A.A.d.S.-J.)
- Graduate Program of Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59072-970, Brazil
- Correspondence: (M.T.-R.); (M.d.F.F.-P.)
| | - Allanny Alves Furtado
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (R.C.L.C.d.A.); (N.K.d.A.); (A.A.F.); (A.D.-S.); (N.S.d.S.); (A.A.d.S.-J.)
| | - Alessandra Daniele-Silva
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (R.C.L.C.d.A.); (N.K.d.A.); (A.A.F.); (A.D.-S.); (N.S.d.S.); (A.A.d.S.-J.)
| | - Weslley de Souza Paiva
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Biopolymers, Department of Biochemistry, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59072-970, Brazil; (W.d.S.P.); (H.A.O.R.)
| | - Julia Maria de Medeiros Dantas
- Postgraduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Technology Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59072-970, Brazil;
| | - Nayara Sousa da Silva
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (R.C.L.C.d.A.); (N.K.d.A.); (A.A.F.); (A.D.-S.); (N.S.d.S.); (A.A.d.S.-J.)
| | - Arnóbio Antônio da Silva-Júnior
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (R.C.L.C.d.A.); (N.K.d.A.); (A.A.F.); (A.D.-S.); (N.S.d.S.); (A.A.d.S.-J.)
| | - Marcela Abbott Galvão Ururahy
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (M.A.G.U.); (C.F.d.A.)
| | - Cristiane Fernandes de Assis
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (M.A.G.U.); (C.F.d.A.)
| | - Leandro De Santis Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil;
| | - Hugo Alexandre Oliveira Rocha
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Biopolymers, Department of Biochemistry, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59072-970, Brazil; (W.d.S.P.); (H.A.O.R.)
| | - Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (R.C.L.C.d.A.); (N.K.d.A.); (A.A.F.); (A.D.-S.); (N.S.d.S.); (A.A.d.S.-J.)
- Correspondence: (M.T.-R.); (M.d.F.F.-P.)
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Chitosan: An Overview of Its Properties and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193256. [PMID: 34641071 PMCID: PMC8512059 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan has garnered much interest due to its properties and possible applications. Every year the number of publications and patents based on this polymer increase. Chitosan exhibits poor solubility in neutral and basic media, limiting its use in such conditions. Another serious obstacle is directly related to its natural origin. Chitosan is not a single polymer with a defined structure but a family of molecules with differences in their composition, size, and monomer distribution. These properties have a fundamental effect on the biological and technological performance of the polymer. Moreover, some of the biological properties claimed are discrete. In this review, we discuss how chitosan chemistry can solve the problems related to its poor solubility and can boost the polymer properties. We focus on some of the main biological properties of chitosan and the relationship with the physicochemical properties of the polymer. Then, we review two polymer applications related to green processes: the use of chitosan in the green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles and its use as support for biocatalysts. Finally, we briefly describe how making use of the technological properties of chitosan makes it possible to develop a variety of systems for drug delivery.
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Guo J, Wang Y, Gao W, Wang X, Gao X, Man Z, Cai Z, Qing Q. Gene Cloning, Functional Expression, and Characterization of a Novel GH46 Chitosanase from Streptomyces avermitilis (SaCsn46A). Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 194:813-826. [PMID: 34542822 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03687-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A n ovel glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 46 chitosanase (SaCsn46A) from Streptomyces avermitilis was cloned and functionally expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3) strains. SaCsn46A consists of 271 amino acids, which includes a 34-amino acid signal peptide. The protein sequence of SaCsn46A shows maximum identity (83.5%) to chitosanase from Streptomyces sp. SirexAA-E. Then, the mature enzyme was purified to homogeneity through Ni-chelating affinity chromatography with a recovery yield of 78% and the molecular mass of purified enzyme was estimated to be 29 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The recombinant enzyme possessed a temperature optimum of 45 °C and a pH optimum of 6.2, and it was stable at pH ranging from 4.0 to 9.0 and below 30 °C. The Km and Vmax values of this enzyme were 1.32 mg/mL, 526.32 U/mg/min, respectively (chitosan as substrate). The enzyme activity can be enhanced by Mg2+ and especially Mn2+, which could enhance the activity about 3.62-fold at a 3-mM concentration. The enzyme can hydrolyze a variety of polysaccharides which are linked by β-1,4-glycosidic bonds such as chitin, xylan, and cellulose, but it could not hydrolyze polysaccharides linked by α-1,4-glycosidic bonds. The results of thin-layer chromatography and HPLC showed that the enzyme exhibited an endo-type cleavage pattern and could hydrolyze chitosan to glucosamine (GlcN) and (GlcN)2. This study demonstrated that SaCsn46A is a promising enzyme to produce glucosamine and chitooligosaccharides (COS) from chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China. .,Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Gao
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xinrou Wang
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zaiwei Man
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China. .,School of Petrochemical Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China. .,Zaozhuang Key Laboratory of Corn Bioengineering, Zaozhuang Science and Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Enzyme, Shandong Hengren Gongmao Co. Ltd, Zaozhuang, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Cai
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China. .,Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China.
| | - Qing Qing
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China.
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Fang T, Yao Y, Tian G, Chen D, Wu A, He J, Zheng P, Mao X, Yu J, Luo Y, Luo J, Huang Z, Yan H, Yu B. Chitosan oligosaccharide attenuates endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated intestinal apoptosis via the Akt/mTOR pathway. Food Funct 2021; 12:8647-8658. [PMID: 34346452 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01234g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and apoptosis are widely considered as essential factors associated with intestinal disorders, whereas nutritional therapeutic approaches targeting ERS may control disease activity. Thus, we focus on the potential benefit of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) on repressing ERS and ERS-induced apoptosis. In this study, we used the ERS model with tunicamycin (TM)-induced IPEC-J2 cells in vitro and nutrient deprivation-induced ERS in piglets to evaluate the protective mechanism of COS against ERS and ERS-induced apoptosis. The results showed that cells were characterized by activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and increased epithelial apoptosis upon exposure to TM. However, these changes were significantly attenuated by COS and the expressions of Akt and mTORC1 were inhibited. Furthermore, a specific inhibitor of mTOR confirmed the suppression of Akt and reduced the activation of the UPR and apoptosis. In vivo, COS protected against nutrient deprivation-induced ERS in the jejunum of piglets, in which the overexpression of the UPR and apoptosis was rescued. Consistently, COS attenuated nutrient deprivation-induced disruption of intestinal barrier integrity and functional capacity. Together, we provided the first evidence that COS could protect against intestinal apoptosis through alleviating severe ERS, which may be related to the inhibition of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ying Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Gang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Aimin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Zhou Z, Wang X. Improve thermostability of Bacillus sp. TS chitosanase through structure-based alignment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15846. [PMID: 34349190 PMCID: PMC8339078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95369-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosanases can catalyze the release of chitooligosaccharides which have a number of medical applications. Therefore, Chitosanases are good candidates for large-scale enzymatic synthesis due to their favorable thermostability properties and high catalytic efficiency. To further improve the thermostability of a chitosanase from Bacillus sp. TS, which has a half-life of 5.32 min, we mutated specific serine residues that we identified as potentially relevant through structure comparison with thermophilic CelA from Clostridium thermocellum. Out of a total of 15 mutants, three, namely S265G, S276A, and S347G, show higher thermostability. Their half-lives at 60 °C were calculated as 34.57 min, 36.79 min and 7.2 min. The Km values of S265G, S276A and S347G mutants show substrate binding ability comparable to that of the wild-type enzyme, while the S265G mutant displays a significant decrease of enzymatic activities. Additionally, we studied the synergistic effects of combined mutations, observing that all double mutants and the triple mutant are more stable than the wild-type enzyme and single mutants. Finally, we investigated the mechanisms which might give a reasonable explanation for the improved thermostability via comparative analysis of the resulting 3D structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanping Zhou
- Tianjin Sinonocy Biological Technology Co. Ltd., Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Nanfang College of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510970, China.
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Potential Applications of Chitosan-Based Nanomaterials to Surpass the Gastrointestinal Physiological Obstacles and Enhance the Intestinal Drug Absorption. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060887. [PMID: 34203816 PMCID: PMC8232820 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The small intestine provides the major site for the absorption of numerous orally administered drugs. However, before reaching to the systemic circulation to exert beneficial pharmacological activities, the oral drug delivery is hindered by poor absorption/metabolic instability of the drugs in gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the presence of the mucus layer overlying intestinal epithelium. Therefore, a polymeric drug delivery system has emerged as a robust approach to enhance oral drug bioavailability and intestinal drug absorption. Chitosan, a cationic polymer derived from chitin, and its derivatives have received remarkable attention to serve as a promising drug carrier, chiefly owing to their versatile, biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic properties. Several types of chitosan-based drug delivery systems have been developed, including chemical modification, conjugates, capsules, and hybrids. They have been shown to be effective in improving intestinal assimilation of several types of drugs, e.g., antidiabetic, anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory drugs. In this review, the physiological challenges affecting intestinal drug absorption and the effects of chitosan on those parameters impacting on oral bioavailability are summarized. More appreciably, types of chitosan-based nanomaterials enhancing intestinal drug absorption and their mechanisms, as well as potential applications in diabetes, cancers, infections, and inflammation, are highlighted. The future perspective of chitosan applications is also discussed.
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Chen T, Cheng G, Jiao S, Ren L, Zhao C, Wei J, Han J, Pei M, Du Y, Li JJ. Expression and Biochemical Characterization of a Novel Marine Chitosanase from Streptomyces niveus Suitable for Preparation of Chitobiose. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:300. [PMID: 34073769 PMCID: PMC8225178 DOI: 10.3390/md19060300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that bioactivities of chitooligosaccharide (COS) are closely related to the degree of polymerization (DP); therefore, it is essential to prepare COS with controllable DP, such as chitobiose showing high antioxidant and antihyperlipidemia activities. In this study, BLAST, sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis of characterized glycoside hydrolase (GH) 46 endo-chitosanases revealed that a chitosanase Sn1-CSN from Streptomyces niveus was different from others. Sn1-CSN was overexpressed in E. coli, purified and characterized in detail. It showed the highest activity at pH 6.0 and exhibited superior stability between pH 4.0 and pH 11.0. Sn1-CSN displayed the highest activity at 50 °C and was fairly stable at ≤45 °C. Its apparent kinetic parameters against chitosan (DDA: degree of deacetylation, >94%) were determined, with Km and kcat values of 1.8 mg/mL and 88.3 s-1, respectively. Cu2+ enhanced the activity of Sn1-CSN by 54.2%, whereas Fe3+ inhibited activity by 15.1%. Hydrolysis products of chitosan (DDA > 94%) by Sn1-CSN were mainly composed of chitobiose (87.3%), whereas partially acetylated chitosan with DDA 69% was mainly converted into partially acetylated COS with DP 2-13. This endo-chitosanase has great potential to be used for the preparation of chitobiose and partially acetylated COS with different DPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China;
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (G.C.); (S.J.); (L.R.); (J.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Gong Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (G.C.); (S.J.); (L.R.); (J.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Siming Jiao
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (G.C.); (S.J.); (L.R.); (J.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Lishi Ren
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (G.C.); (S.J.); (L.R.); (J.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Chuanfang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-Toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;
| | - Jinhua Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (G.C.); (S.J.); (L.R.); (J.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Juntian Han
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (G.C.); (S.J.); (L.R.); (J.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Meishan Pei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China;
| | - Yuguang Du
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (G.C.); (S.J.); (L.R.); (J.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (G.C.); (S.J.); (L.R.); (J.W.); (J.H.)
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Kang BR, Song YS, Jung WJ. Differential expression of bio-active metabolites produced by chitosan polymers-based Bacillus amyloliquefaciens fermentation. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 260:117799. [PMID: 33712147 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain PPL shows a potential for the control of phytopathogenic fungi. In the present study, upon growing the strain PPL on various forms of chitosan (0.5 % powder, 0.1 % soluble, and 0.15 % colloidal) as the carbon source, the antifungal activity on tomato Fusarium wilt correlated with the activity of chitosanase and β-1,3-glucanase. The colloidal substrate-based strain PPL fermentation displayed the highest degree of spore germination inhibition (79.5 %) and biocontrol efficiency (76.0 %) in tomato by increased biofilm formation. The colloidal culture upregulated the expression of chitosanase gene (5.9-fold), and the powder attributed to the expression of cyclic lipopeptides-genes (2.5-5.7 fold). Moreover, the three chitosan cultures induced the morphological changes of Fusarium oxysporum. These results suggest that the choice of growth substrate synergistically affects the production of secondary metabolites by PPL strain, and consequently its antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom Ryong Kang
- Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Su Song
- Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Jung
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Jiang Z, Ma S, Guan L, Yan Q, Yang S. Biochemical characterization of a novel bifunctional chitosanase from Paenibacillus barengoltzii for chitooligosaccharide production. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:83. [PMID: 33855634 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel chitosanase gene, designated as PbCsn8, was cloned from Paenibacillus barengoltzii. It shared the highest identity of 73% with the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 8 chitosanase from Bacillus thuringiensis JAM-GG01. The gene was heterologously expressed in Bacillus subtilis as an extracellular protein, and the highest chitosanase yield of 1, 108 U/mL was obtained by high-cell density fermentation in a 5-L fermentor. The recombinant chitosanase (PbCsn8) was purified to homogeneity and biochemically characterized. PbCsn8 was most active at pH 5.5 and 70 °C, respectively. It was stable in a wide pH range of 5.0-11.0 and up to 55 °C. PbCsn8 was a bifunctional enzyme, exhibiting both chitosanase and glucanase activities, with the highest specificity towards chitosan (360 U/mg), followed by barley β-glucan (72 U/mg) and lichenan (13 U/mg). It hydrolyzed chitosan to release mainly chitooligosaccharides (COSs) with degree of polymerization (DP) 2-3, while hydrolyzed barley β-glucan to yield mainly glucooligosaccharides with DP > 5. PbCsn8 was further applied in COS production, and the highest COS yield of 79.3% (w/w) was obtained. This is the first report on a GH family 8 chitosanase from P. barengoltzii. The high yield and remarkable hydrolysis properties may make PbCsn8 a good candidate in industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqiang Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Suai Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Leying Guan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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47
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Enzymatic Synthesis and Characterization of Different Families of Chitooligosaccharides and Their Bioactive Properties. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11073212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides (COS) are homo- or hetero-oligomers of D-glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) that can be obtained by chitosan or chitin hydrolysis. Their enzymatic production is preferred over other methodologies (physical, chemical, etc.) due to the mild conditions required, the fewer amounts of waste and its efficiency to control product composition. By properly selecting the enzyme (chitinase, chitosanase or nonspecific enzymes) and the substrate properties (degree of deacetylation, molecular weight, etc.), it is possible to direct the synthesis towards any of the three COS types: fully acetylated (faCOS), partially acetylated (paCOS) and fully deacetylated (fdCOS). In this article, we review the main strategies to steer the COS production towards a specific group. The chemical characterization of COS by advanced techniques, e.g., high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, is critical for structure–function studies. The scaling of processes to synthesize specific COS mixtures is difficult due to the low solubility of chitin/chitosan, the heterogeneity of the reaction mixtures, and high amounts of salts. Enzyme immobilization can help to minimize such hurdles. The main bioactive properties of COS are herein reviewed. Finally, the anti-inflammatory activity of three COS mixtures was assayed in murine macrophages after stimulation with lipopolysaccharides.
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Degli Esposti M, Morselli D, Fava F, Bertin L, Cavani F, Viaggi D, Fabbri P. The role of biotechnology in the transition from plastics to bioplastics: an opportunity to reconnect global growth with sustainability. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:967-983. [PMID: 33595898 PMCID: PMC8016133 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Building new value chains, through the valorization of biomass components for the development of innovative bio‐based products (BBPs) aimed at specific market sectors, will accelerate the transition from traditional production technologies to the concept of biorefineries. Recent studies aimed at mapping the most relevant innovations undergoing in the field of BBPs (Fabbri et al. 2019, Final Report of the Task 3 BIOSPRI Tender Study on Support to R&I Policy in the Area of Bio‐based Products and Services, delivered to the European Commission (DG RTD)), clearly showed the dominant position played by the plastics sector, in which new materials and innovative technical solutions based on renewable resources, concretely contribute to the achievement of relevant global sustainability goals. New sustainable solutions for the plastic sector, either bio‐based or bio‐based and biodegradable, have been intensely investigated in recent years. The global bioplastics and biopolymers market size is expected to grow from USD 10.5 billion in 2020 to USD 27.9 billion by 2025 (Markets and Markets, 2020, Bioplastics & Biopolymers Market by Type (Non‐Biodegradable/Bio‐Based, Biodegradable), End‐Use Industry (Packaging, Consumer Goods, Automotive & Transportation, Textiles, Agriculture & Horticulture), Region ‐ Global Forecast to 2025), and this high growth is driven primarily by the growth of the global packaging end‐use industry. Such relevant opportunities are the outcomes of intensive scientific and technological research devoted to the development of new materials with selected technical features, which can represent feasible substitutes for the fossil‐based plastic materials currently used in the packaging sectors and other main fields. This article offers a map of the latest developments connected to the plastic sector, achieved through the application of biotechnological routes for the preparation of completely new polymeric structures, or drop‐in substitutes derived from renewable resources, and it describes the specific role played by biotechnology in promoting and making this transition faster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Degli Esposti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Italy.,Bologna Unit, National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Firenze, Italy
| | - Davide Morselli
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Italy.,Bologna Unit, National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Firenze, Italy
| | - Fabio Fava
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Bertin
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Cavani
- Bologna Unit, National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Firenze, Italy.,Department of Industrial Chemistry 'Toso Montanari', Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Viaggi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Fabbri
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Italy.,Bologna Unit, National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Firenze, Italy
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Pang Y, Yang J, Chen X, Jia Y, Li T, Jin J, Liu H, Jiang L, Hao Y, Zhang H, Xie Y. An Antifungal Chitosanase from Bacillus subtilis SH21. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071863. [PMID: 33806149 PMCID: PMC8036696 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis SH21 was observed to produce an antifungal protein that inhibited the growth of F. solani. To purify this protein, ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration chromatography, and ion-exchange chromatography were used. The purity of the purified product was 91.33% according to high-performance liquid chromatography results. Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis revealed that the molecular weight of the protein is 30.72 kDa. The results of the LC–MS/MS analysis and a subsequent sequence-database search indicated that this protein was a chitosanase, and thus, we named it chitosanase SH21. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that chitosanase SH21 appeared to inhibit the growth of F. solani by causing hyphal ablation, distortion, or abnormalities, and cell-wall depression. The minimum inhibitory concentration of chitosanase SH21 against F. solani was 68 µg/mL. Subsequently, the corresponding gene was cloned and sequenced, and sequence analysis indicated an open reading frame of 831 bp. The predicted secondary structure indicated that chitosanase SH21 has a typical a-helix from the glycoside hydrolase (GH) 46 family. The tertiary structure shared 40% similarity with that of Streptomyces sp. N174. This study provides a theoretical basis for a topical cream against fungal infections in agriculture and a selection marker on fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxiang Pang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticides, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Safety Immune Rapid Detection, Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.P.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (Y.J.); (T.L.); (J.J.); (H.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticides, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Safety Immune Rapid Detection, Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.P.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (Y.J.); (T.L.); (J.J.); (H.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Xinyue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticides, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Safety Immune Rapid Detection, Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.P.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (Y.J.); (T.L.); (J.J.); (H.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Yu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticides, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Safety Immune Rapid Detection, Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.P.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (Y.J.); (T.L.); (J.J.); (H.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Tong Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticides, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Safety Immune Rapid Detection, Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.P.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (Y.J.); (T.L.); (J.J.); (H.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Junhua Jin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticides, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Safety Immune Rapid Detection, Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.P.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (Y.J.); (T.L.); (J.J.); (H.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticides, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Safety Immune Rapid Detection, Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.P.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (Y.J.); (T.L.); (J.J.); (H.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticides, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Safety Immune Rapid Detection, Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.P.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (Y.J.); (T.L.); (J.J.); (H.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Yanling Hao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy Science of Beijing and Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticides, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Safety Immune Rapid Detection, Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.P.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (Y.J.); (T.L.); (J.J.); (H.L.); (L.J.)
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yuanhong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticides, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Safety Immune Rapid Detection, Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.P.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (Y.J.); (T.L.); (J.J.); (H.L.); (L.J.)
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (Y.X.)
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50
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Wang Y, Li D, Liu M, Xia C, Fan Q, Li X, Lan Z, Shi G, Dong W, Li Z, Cui Z. Preparation of Active Chitooligosaccharides with a Novel Chitosanase AqCoA and Their Application in Fungal Disease Protection. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:3351-3361. [PMID: 33688732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes that degrade fungal cell walls and the resulting oligosaccharides are promising weapons to combat plant fungal disease. In this study, we identified a novel endo-chitosanase, AqCoA, from Aquabacterium sp. A7-Y. The enzyme showed a specific activity of 18 U/mg toward 95% deacetylated chitosan at pH 5.0 and 40 °C. AqCoA also showed activity toward sodium carboxymethylcellulose, indicating substrate promiscuity. AqCoA hydrolyzed chitosan into chitooligosaccharides (CoA-COSs) with degrees of polymerization (DPs) of 3-5 but showed no activity toward CoA-COSs with DPs <6, indicating an endo-type activity. At 2.5 μg/mL, AqCoA inhibited appressorium formation of Magnaporthe oryzae; the produced CoA-COSs also inhibited the growth of M. oryzae and Fusarium oxysporum. Furthermore, CoA-COSs acted as immune elicitors in rice by inducing the reactive oxygen species burst and the expression of defense genes. These results demonstrated that AqCoA and its resulting CoA-COSs might be effective tools for protecting plants against pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences of Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ding Li
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Muxing Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Plant Diseases and Insects of Chinese Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agriculture University, 210095 Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Chengyao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences of Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Qiwen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences of Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xu Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences of Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zejun Lan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences of Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Guolong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences of Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Weiliang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 211800 Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zhoukun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences of Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zhongli Cui
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences of Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, P. R. China
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