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Safavi F, Andrade-Cetto A, Escandón-Rivera SM, Espinoza-Hernández FA. Assessing the potential fasting and postprandial mechanisms involved in the acute hypoglycemic and anti-hyperglycemic effects of four selected plants from Iran used in traditional Persian medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2025; 336:118742. [PMID: 39197806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In traditional Persian medicine (TPM), people often use herbal infusions as a dosage form to treat diseases related to hyperglycemia, known as 'dam-kardeh'. Traditionally, herbal preparations of Eryngium bungei Boiss. (E. b), Tragopogon buphthalmoides (DC.) Boiss. (T. b), Salvia hydrangea DC. ex Benth. (S. h), and Juniperus polycarpos K. Koch. (J. p) are used to manage diabetes in Iran. However, there is no evidence of their effectiveness in controlling glucose levels and their mechanisms remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate whether traditional doses of plant infusions can have hypoglycemic and/or anti-hyperglycemic effects during fasting and/or postprandial states and establish the basis for future research on their potential mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of traditional doses of herbal extracts on blood glucose levels in STZ-NA-induced hyperglycemic rats were investigated in 2-h acute tests during fasting and postprandial states (with a glucose load). In addition, the potential inhibitory effect in vitro of enzymes involved in relevant pathways, such as gluconeogenesis (fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, FBPase and glucose-6-phosphatase, G6Pase), carbohydrate breakdown (intestinal α-glucosidases), and insulin sensitivity (protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, PTP-1B) was evaluated. Acute toxicity tests were carried out and HPLC-SQ-TOF was used to analyze the chemical profiles of the plant extracts. RESULTS In the fasting state, T. b, S. h, and E. b were as effective as glibenclamide in lowering blood glucose levels in hyperglycemic rats. Moreover, all three suppressed G6Pase and FBPase enzymatic activity by 90-97% and 80-91%, respectively. On the other hand, significant postprandial hypoglycemic efficacy was observed for E. b, S. h, and T. b. Based on the AUC values, T. b caused a reduction comparable to the therapeutic efficacy of repaglinide. When investigating the possible mechanisms of action involved in this activity, E. b, S. h, and T. b showed significant inhibition of PTP-1B in vitro (>70%). Finally, all plant extracts showed no signs of acute toxicity. Several compounds that may contribute to biological activities were identified, including phenolic acids and flavonoid glycosides. CONCLUSIONS The present study supports the traditional use of T. b, E. b and S. h for the control of diabetes in the fasting and postprandial state. Moreover, these plants were found to be rich in bioactive compounds with hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activities. On the other hand, J. p, showed a modest effect only in the fasting state and after 90 min. Further studies are needed to expand these results by analyzing the chemical composition and using complementary experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Safavi
- Laboratorio de Etnofarmacología, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior S/N, Delegación Coyoacán, C.P, 04510, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Adolfo Andrade-Cetto
- Laboratorio de Etnofarmacología, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior S/N, Delegación Coyoacán, C.P, 04510, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Sonia M Escandón-Rivera
- Laboratorio de Etnofarmacología, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior S/N, Delegación Coyoacán, C.P, 04510, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Fernanda A Espinoza-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Etnofarmacología, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior S/N, Delegación Coyoacán, C.P, 04510, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Freitas M, Ribeiro D, Janela JS, Varela CL, Costa SC, da Silva ET, Fernandes E, Roleira FMF. Plant-derived and dietary phenolic cinnamic acid derivatives: Anti-inflammatory properties. Food Chem 2024; 459:140080. [PMID: 38986205 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Cinnamic acids are aromatic acids primarily found in plants and plant-derived food. Phenolic cinnamic acids, with one or more hydroxyl groups in the aromatic ring, often contribute to the biological activities attributed to these compounds. The presence of hydroxyl groups and a carboxyl group makes cinnamic acids very hydrophilic, preventing them from crossing biological membranes and exerting their biological activities. To alleviate this condition, a panel of synthetic modifications have been made leading to a diverse set of phenolic cinnamic structures. In this review, an overview of the natural phenolic cinnamic acid derivatives and their plant sources (more than 200) is described. The synthetic approaches to obtain the referred derivatives (more than 200) namely esters and amides are reviewed. Further, their anti-inflammatory activity (more than 70 compounds) is scrutinized. Finally, future directions will be indicated to translate the research on phenolic cinnamic derivatives into potentially effective anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Freitas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, University of Porto, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Daniela Ribeiro
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, University of Porto, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e do Ambiente da Universidade dos Açores, Portugal.
| | - João S Janela
- Univ Coimbra, CERES, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Carla L Varela
- Univ Coimbra, CERES, Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Clinic Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Saul C Costa
- Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Elisiário Tavares da Silva
- Univ Coimbra, CERES, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, University of Porto, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Fernanda M F Roleira
- Univ Coimbra, CERES, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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de Alencar Silva A, de Morais LP, de Sena Bastos CM, de Menezes Dantas D, Batista PR, Dias FJ, Alencar de Menezes IR, Cardoso JHL, Raposo A, Han H, Coutinho HDM, Barbosa R. Vasorelaxant effect of phenylpropanoids: Methyl eugenol and eugenol in human umbilical cord vein. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117227. [PMID: 39084083 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Methyl-eugenol (ME) and eugenol (EUG) are phenylpropanoids with vasodilatory effects. While EUG's vasorelaxant effect in human umbilical artery (HUA) is known, their action in veins is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate ME and EUG in human umbilical vein (HUV). Isolated HUV underwent tension recordings. ME and EUG caused 100 % relaxation in HUV, with EC50 values corresponding to: 174.3 ± 7.3 and 217.3 ± 6.2 µM for ME and EUG respectively in presence of K+; 362.3 ± 5.4 and 227.7 ± 4.9 µM for ME and EUG respectively and in presence of serotonin (5-HT). It was observed that in presence of BaCl2 and CaCl2 evoked contractions, ME (800 and 1000 µM) and EUG (1000 and 1400 µM) prevent the contractions. In presence of K+ channel blockers it was observed that ME promoted relaxation compared to its control, except in presence of 4-AP, suggesting a possible Ca2+-dependent K+ channel activation for this molecule; EUG increased all EC50 in presence of the K+ blockers except in presence of TEA 1 mM. Greater pharmacological potency was observed for ME. This study highlights natural substances' effects on HUV contractile parameters, suggesting ME and EUG as potential vasodilators in maintaining fetal oxygenation and venous flow during gestational hypertensive syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa de Alencar Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences of the Universidade Estadual do Ceará - PPGCF/UECE, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Laboratory of Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells of the Universidade Regional do Cariri - LFCE/URCA, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Luís Pereira de Morais
- Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the Universidade Federal do Cariri - UFCA, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Biodiversity, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Carla Mikevely de Sena Bastos
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences of the Universidade Estadual do Ceará - PPGCF/UECE, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Laboratory of Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells of the Universidade Regional do Cariri - LFCE/URCA, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Debora de Menezes Dantas
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry of the Universidade Regional do Cariri - PPQB/URCA, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Batista
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry of the Universidade Regional do Cariri - PPQB/URCA, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Francisco Junio Dias
- Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the Universidade Federal do Cariri - UFCA, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Biodiversity, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Irwin Rose Alencar de Menezes
- Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the Universidade Federal do Cariri - UFCA, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Biodiversity, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Henrique Leal Cardoso
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences of the Universidade Estadual do Ceará - PPGCF/UECE, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, Lisboa 1749-024, Portugal.
| | - Heesup Han
- College of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Gwanjin-Gu, Seoul 143-747, South Korea.
| | | | - Roseli Barbosa
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences of the Universidade Estadual do Ceará - PPGCF/UECE, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry of the Universidade Regional do Cariri - PPQB/URCA, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
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Du X, Zhang M, Wang S, Li J, Zhang J, Liu D. Ethnopharmacology, chemical composition and functions of Cymbopogon citratus. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2024; 16:358-374. [PMID: 39072200 PMCID: PMC11283232 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Cymbopogon citratus in the gramineous family, also known as lemongrass (LG), is a perennial herb. LG, a drug and food homologous medicine, has a widely recorded medicinal value and food applications. To date, 158 LG compounds have been reported, including terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids. Pharmacological and clinical studies have indicated that LG has antibacterial, neuroprotective, hypoglycemic, hypotensive, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects. This article reviews LG in ethnopharmacology, chemical composition, pharmacology, food, medicine, and daily chemical applications to provide a basis for the subsequent development of food and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiqin Du
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300380, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300380, China
| | - Shuping Wang
- Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Jingyang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Logistics College of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300309, China
| | - Jingze Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300380, China
| | - Dailin Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300380, China
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Mukhtar MH, El-Readi MZ, Elzubier ME, Fatani SH, Refaat B, Shaheen U, Adam Khidir EB, Taha HH, Eid SY. Cymbopogon citratus and Citral Overcome Doxorubicin Resistance in Cancer Cells via Modulating the Drug's Metabolism, Toxicity, and Multidrug Transporters. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083415. [PMID: 37110649 PMCID: PMC10143904 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the major complex mechanism that causes the failure of chemotherapy, especially with drugs of natural origin such as doxorubicin (DOX). Intracellular drug accumulation and detoxification are also involved in cancer resistance by reducing the susceptibility of cancer cells to death. This research aims to identify the volatile composition of Cymbopogon citratus (lemon grass; LG) essential oil and compare the ability of LG and its major compound, citral, to modulate MDR in resistant cell lines. The composition of LG essential oil was identified using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In addition, a comparison of the modulatory effects of LG and citral, performed on breast (MCF-7/ADR), hepatic (HepG-2/ADR), and ovarian (SKOV-3/ADR) MDR cell lines, were compared to their parent sensitive cells using the MTT assay, ABC transporter function assays, and RT-PCR. Oxygenated monoterpenes (53.69%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (19.19%), and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (13.79%) made up the yield of LG essential oil. α-citral (18.50%), β-citral (10.15%), geranyl acetate (9.65%), ylangene (5.70), δ-elemene (5.38%), and eugenol (4.77) represent the major constituents of LG oil. LG and citral (20 μg/mL) synergistically increased DOX cytotoxicity and lowered DOX dosage by >3-fold and >1.5-fold, respectively. These combinations showed synergism in the isobologram and CI < 1. DOX accumulation or reversal experiment confirmed that LG and citral modulated the efflux pump function. Both substances significantly increased DOX accumulation in resistant cells compared to untreated cells and verapamil (the positive control). RT-PCR confirmed that LG and citral targeted metabolic molecules in resistant cells and significantly downregulated PXR, CYP3A4, GST, MDR1, MRP1, and PCRP genes. Our results suggest a novel dietary and therapeutic strategy combining LG and citral with DOX to overcome multidrug resistance in cancer cells. However, these results should be confirmed by additional animal experiments before being used in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Hasan Mukhtar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Zaki El-Readi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assuit 71524, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Elzubier
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer H Fatani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia
| | - Usama Shaheen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Elshiekh Babiker Adam Khidir
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham Hamada Taha
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assuit 71524, Egypt
| | - Safaa Yehia Eid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia
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Yang R, Yang Y. Albiflorin attenuates high glucose-induced endothelial apoptosis via suppressing PARP1/NF-κB signaling pathway. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:159-169. [PMID: 36357814 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01666-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Paeonia lactiflora Pall has long been recognized as an anti-inflammatory traditional Chinese herbal medicine. We aimed to study the pharmacological action of albiflorin, an active ingredient extracted from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora Pall, on diabetic vascular complications. METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were stimulated with high glucose and treated with 5, 10, and 20 μM albiflorin. CCK-8 assay, EdU staining, Annexin V-FITC staining, transwell assay, scratch test, RT-PCR, ELISA, Western blot, and immunofluorescence were carried out. SwissTargetPrediction database was used for screening targets of albiflorin and molecular docking was done using Autodock Vina software. RESULTS Albiflorin treatment dose-dependently alleviated high glucose-induced viability loss of HUVECs. In addition, albiflorin promoted the proliferation and migration, while inhibited apoptosis and the release of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in HUVECs. PARP1 was predicted and confirmed to be a target for albiflorin in vitro. Albiflorin targeted PARP1 to inhibit the activation of NF-κB. Transfection of HUVECs with PARP1 overexpression plasmids effectively reversed the effects of albiflorin on high glucose-treated HUVECs. CONCLUSIONS Albiflorin suppressed high glucose-induced endothelial cell apoptosis and inflammation, suggesting its potential in treating diabetic vascular complications. The action of albiflorin possibly caused by its regulation on inhibiting PARP1/NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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de Menezes Dantas D, Pereira-de Morais L, de Alencar Silva A, da Silva RER, Dias FJ, de Sousa Amorim T, Cruz-Martins N, Melo Coutinho HDD, Barbosa R. Pharmacological Screening of Species from the Lippia genus, Content in Terpenes and Phenylpropanoids, and their Vasorelaxing Effects on Human Umbilical Artery. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:535-542. [PMID: 36424792 DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666221124101321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Naturally occurring bioactive compounds have a plethora of biological effects. OBJECTIVE In this study, we examined a pharmacological screening of natural products on the human umbilical artery (HUA). METHODS HUA preparations were used to follow contractions by KCl (60 mM) and tested at different concentrations (1-5000 μg/mL and μM) of the Lippia alba (EOLa) and Lippia origanoides (EOLo) essential oils, terpenes (citral, limonene perilic alcohol) and phenylpropanoids (eugenol, methyl eugenol). Discussion/Results: The reduction corresponded to approximately 100%, except for limonene (80±1.2 %). When evaluating the concentration of the natural product that promotes 50 % relaxation of the HUA contracted by KCL, EC50 values were: 424.3 μg/mL (EOLa); 468.7±6.7 μg/mL (EOLo); 264.2 ± 8.2 μM (citral); 677.8±5.4 μM (limonene); 186.3±6.4 μM (peryl alcohol); 986.4±7.9 μM (eugenol); and 279.1±4.4 μM (methyl-eugenol). Perillyl alcohol had a lower EC50 (consequently it has a higher pharmacological potency). CONCLUSION The plant extracts have a promising vasorelaxing effect in HUAs, paving the way for future investigations: as applications in diseases related to these vessels, such as preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora de Menezes Dantas
- Biological Chemistry Department, Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Pimenta Campus, 63105-010, Crato, CE, Brazil
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Regional University of Cariri, Campus of Pimenta, 63105-010, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Luis Pereira-de Morais
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Regional University of Cariri, Campus of Pimenta, 63105-010, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Andressa de Alencar Silva
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Regional University of Cariri, Campus of Pimenta, 63105-010, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Renata Evaristo Rodrigues da Silva
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Regional University of Cariri, Campus of Pimenta, 63105-010, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisco Junio Dias
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Regional University of Cariri, Campus of Pimenta, 63105-010, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Thais de Sousa Amorim
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Regional University of Cariri, Campus of Pimenta, 63105-010, 63105, CE, Brazil
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal
- TOXRUN - Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Henrique Douglas Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Biological Chemistry Department, Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Pimenta Campus, 63105-010, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Roseli Barbosa
- Biological Chemistry Department, Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Pimenta Campus, 63105-010, Crato, CE, Brazil
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Regional University of Cariri, Campus of Pimenta, 63105-010, Crato, CE, Brazil
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Camel Grass Phenolic Compounds: Targeting Inflammation and Neurologically Related Conditions. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227707. [PMID: 36431805 PMCID: PMC9694793 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of plants for therapeutic purposes has been supported by growing scientific evidence. METHODS This work consisted of (i) characterizing the phenolic compounds present in both aqueous and hydroethanol (1:1, v/v) extracts of camel grass, by hyphenated liquid chromatographic techniques, (ii) evaluating their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuromodulation potential, through in vitro cell and cell-free models, and (iii) establishing a relationship between the chemical profiles of the extracts and their biological activities. RESULTS Several caffeic acid and flavonoid derivatives were determined in both extracts. The extracts displayed scavenging capacity against the physiologically relevant nitric oxide (•NO) and superoxide anion (O2•-) radicals, significantly reduced NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages (RAW 264.7), and inhibited the activity of hyaluronidase (HAase), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Some of these bioactivities were found to be related with the chemical profile of the extracts, namely with 3-caffeoylquinic, 4-caffeoylquinic, chlorogenic, and p-coumaric acids, as well as with luteolin and apigenin derivatives. CONCLUSIONS This study reports, for the first time, the potential medicinal properties of aqueous and hydroethanol extracts of camel grass in the RAW 264.7 cell model of inflammation, and in neurologically related conditions.
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Borges AS, Bastos CMS, Dantas DM, Milfont CGB, Brito GMH, Pereira-de-Morais L, Delmondes GA, da Silva RER, Kennedy-Feitosa E, Maia FPA, Lima CMG, Bin Emran T, Coutinho HDM, Menezes IRA, Kerntopf MR, Caruso G, Barbosa R. Effect of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown Essential Oil on the Human Umbilical Artery. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3002. [PMID: 36365458 PMCID: PMC9659075 DOI: 10.3390/plants11213002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lippia alba is popularly known as lemon balm, with its essential oil (EO) cited for displaying antimicrobial, sedative, and vasorelaxant effects. Yet, its action on isolated human vessels has not been described in the literature. Thus, we evaluated the vasorelaxant effect of essential oil of L. alba (EOLa) on human umbilical arteries (HUA) isolated in organ baths. HUA rings were isolated, subjected to contractions induced by potassium chloride (KCl), serotonin (5-HT), or histamine (HIST) to record the isometric tension, and then treated with EOLa (30-1000 µg/mL). The EOLa showed a more prominent inhibitory effect on the pharmacomechanical coupling contraction via HIST with an EC50 value of 277.1 ± 8.5 µg/mL and maximum relaxant effect at 600 µg/mL. The addition of tetraethylammonium (TEA) or 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) in HUA preparations did not inhibit EOLa total relaxant effect at 1000 µg/mL. In the presence of gliblenclamide (GLI), the oil relaxed the HUA rings by 90.8% at maximum concentration. The EOLa was also investigated for its effects on voltage-operated calcium channels (VOCCs), where the HUA preincubation with this oil at 1000 μg/mL inhibited BaCl2 (0.1-30 mM)-induced contractions. This study demonstrates for the first time that EOla has a vasorelaxant effect on HUA and its particular blockade of VOCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex S. Borges
- Biological Chemistry Department, Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Carla M. S. Bastos
- Biological Chemistry Department, Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Debora M. Dantas
- Biological Chemistry Department, Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Cícera G. B. Milfont
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M. H. Brito
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Luís Pereira-de-Morais
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Gyllyandeson A. Delmondes
- Nursing Collegiate, Petrolina Campus, Federal University of The San Francisco Vale, Petrolina 56304-205, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Renata E. R. da Silva
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Kennedy-Feitosa
- Health Science Department, Morphophysiopharmacology Laboratory, Federal Rural University of Semiarid, Mossoró 59625-900, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Clara M. G. Lima
- Department of Food Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Henrique Douglas M. Coutinho
- Biological Chemistry Department, Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Irwin Rose A. Menezes
- Biological Chemistry Department, Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marta R. Kerntopf
- Biological Chemistry Department, Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Gianluca Caruso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Roseli Barbosa
- Biological Chemistry Department, Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
- Biological Sciences Department, Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells Laboratory, Pimenta Campus, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
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Silva H, Bárbara R. Exploring the Anti-Hypertensive Potential of Lemongrass—A Comprehensive Review. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101382. [PMID: 36290288 PMCID: PMC9598547 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Lemongrass is an herb used in folk medicine for the treatment of hypertension, although its pharmacological potential has not yet been thoroughly studied. This paper provides the first comprehensive review on the anti-hypertensive potential of lemongrass, from in vitro to clinical studies. Even though the composition of lemongrass is dependent on its geographical origin, citral constitutes its major compound. Both citral and lemongrass display vasorelaxant activity ex vivo, promoting the secretion of endothelial vasodilators and the blockage of calcium channels in the vascular smooth muscle. Additionally, citral also displays a negative chronotrope effect. In animal models and in human subjects, lemongrass significantly decreases blood pressure, probably due to the combination of the above-mentioned effects together with diuretic activity. Future preclinical studies are necessary to identify other anti-hypertensive compounds/pathways, as well as to better characterize the safety profile of lemongrass. Abstract Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf) is a herb commonly used in folk medicine for many purposes. However, its anti-hypertensive potential has not yet been thoroughly studied. This paper reviews the anti-hypertensive effects of both lemongrass and its main compound citral in in vitro, ex vivo, preclinical and clinical studies. Lemongrass essential oil contains terpenes and their derivatives, whereas extracts contain different classes of polyphenols. Both citral and lemongrass display vasorelaxant activity ex vivo, acting by the promotion of endothelial nitric oxide/prostanoids secretion together with the blockage of calcium channels in the vascular smooth muscle. Citral also displays a negative chronotrope effect, probably due to a centrally mediated enhancement of parasympathetic activity. In both healthy and hypertensive animals, the acute administration of lemongrass results in a decrease in blood pressure, sometimes accompanied by a compensatory increase in heart rate. Similarly, in healthy and hypertensive human subjects, the consumption of lemongrass tea decreases blood pressure. Additionally, a weak/moderate diuretic activity has also been reported in animals and humans, although the mechanisms of action remain elusive. Future preclinical studies are necessary to identify other compounds with anti-hypertensive activity and additional pharmacological pathways. Although well tolerated, the safety profile of lemongrass should be better characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Health Technologies, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
- Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering Institute (IBEB), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Rita Bárbara
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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Loxin Reduced the Inflammatory Response in the Liver and the Aortic Fatty Streak Formation in Mice Fed with a High-Fat Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137329. [PMID: 35806336 PMCID: PMC9266330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is the most harmful form of cholesterol associated with vascular atherosclerosis and hepatic injury, mainly due to inflammatory cell infiltration and subsequent severe tissue injury. Lox-1 is the central ox-LDL receptor expressed in endothelial and immune cells, its activation regulating inflammatory cytokines and chemotactic factor secretion. Recently, a Lox-1 truncated protein isoform lacking the ox-LDL binding domain named LOXIN has been described. We have previously shown that LOXIN overexpression blocked Lox-1-mediated ox-LDL internalization in human endothelial progenitor cells in vitro. However, the functional role of LOXIN in targeting inflammation or tissue injury in vivo remains unknown. In this study, we investigate whether LOXIN modulated the expression of Lox-1 and reduced the inflammatory response in a high-fat-diet mice model. Results indicate that human LOXIN blocks Lox-1 mediated uptake of ox-LDL in H4-II-E-C3 cells. Furthermore, in vivo experiments showed that overexpression of LOXIN reduced both fatty streak lesions in the aorta and inflammation and fibrosis in the liver. These findings were associated with the down-regulation of Lox-1 in endothelial cells. Then, LOXIN prevents hepatic and aortic tissue damage in vivo associated with reduced Lox-1 expression in endothelial cells. We encourage future research to understand better the underlying molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic use of LOXIN.
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NMR Metabolome-Based Classification of Cymbopogon Species: a Prospect for Phyto-equivalency of its Different Accessions Using Chemometric Tools. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cymbopogon species are widely distributed worldwide and known for their high essential oil content with potential commercial and medicinal benefits justifying for their inclusion in food and cosmetics. Most species received scant characterization regarding their full complement of bioactive constituents necessary to explain their medicinal activities. In this study, the metabolite profiles of 5 Cymbopogon species, C. citratus, C. flexuosus, C. procerus, C. martini, and C. nardus, were characterized via NMR-based metabolomics. The results of 13 shoot accessions revealed the identification and quantification of 23 primary and secondary metabolites belonging to various compound classes. Multivariate analyses were used for species classification, though found not successful in discrimination based on geographical origin. Nevertheless, C. citratus was found particularly enriched in neral, geranial, (E)-aconitic acid, isoorientin, and caffeic acid as the major characterizing metabolites compared to other species, while an unknown apigenin derivative appeared to discriminate C. martini. The high essential oil and phenolic content in C. citratus emphasizes its strong antioxidant activity, whereas (E)-aconitic acid accounts for its traditional use as insecticide. This study affords the first insight into metabolite compositional differences among Cymbopogon species. Moreover, antimicrobial, insecticidal, antidiabetic, and antioxidant compounds were identified that can be utilized as biomarkers for species authentication.
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Kujawska M, Schmeda-Hirschmann G. The use of medicinal plants by Paraguayan migrants in the Atlantic Forest of Misiones, Argentina, is based on Guaraní tradition, colonial and current plant knowledge. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 283:114702. [PMID: 34627987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Information on the use of medicinal plants in the daily life by Paraguayan people is scarce in mainstream scientific literature. The study on the Paraguayan diaspora in the Provincia de Misiones, Argentina, gives an insight into Guaraní traditions, colonial legacy and current search for new medicinal plants to address new health challenges. AIM OF THE STUDY To document the use of medicinal plants by Paraguayan mestizo migrants who moved into a new country, yet within the same ecological region. The present and past uses of medicinal plants were compared to understand the continuity and change in the Paraguayan herbal pharmacopoeia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fieldwork based on ethnographic and ethnobotanical techniques was carried out in the Provincia de Misiones, Argentina, in 2014, 2015, and 2019. Eighty-five Paraguayan migrants and their descendants from eastern Paraguay took part in the study. The list of recorded plants was compared with the information in historical sources from Paraguay, to examine the continuity and changes in Paraguayan herbal medicine, and with the present-day ethnobotanical studies from Paraguay. Ethnopharmacological and phytochemical studies on the medicinal plants with the highest consensus of uses were reviewed. RESULTS Altogether, 204 medicinal plant species were recorded. The most frequently mentioned species represented a combination of plants native to the New and Old World. Nearly 40% of the present-day Paraguayan pharmacopoeia shows continuity from colonial and post-colonial periods. Plants were used for 19 medical categories, of which digestive, circulatory and those belonging to humoral medicine were the most prevalent. The ongoing search of plants to treat new health problems is illustrated by reports of 40 species used for hypertension, 26 for diabetes and 18 to lower cholesterol. There is still little evidence for the effectiveness of these plants in the pharmacological literature. Paraguayan migrants were able to continue their traditional plant medicine in Misiones, Argentina, in a substantial way. CONCLUSION This study was carried out in a geographic area with a long-standing tradition of Guaraní medicine. Paraguayan migrants in Misiones integrate pre-Hispanic Guaraní names and uses of plants and old humoral concepts with current adaptation of plants to meet new health challenges. Several of the uses described in early colonial times are still practiced, giving a solid background for in-depth studies of the local pharmacopoeia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kujawska
- University of Lodz, Institute of Ethnology and Cultural Anthropology, Lindleya 3/5, 90-131, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Guillermo Schmeda-Hirschmann
- Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, 3460000, Talca, Chile.
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Khosravi Bakhtiari M, Sharifiyazdi H, Nazifi S, Ghaemi M, Hadadipour Zarandi M. Effects of citral on serum antioxidant status and liver genes expressions of paraoxonase 1 and nitric oxide synthase in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 2021; 22:195-202. [PMID: 34777519 PMCID: PMC8573404 DOI: 10.22099/ijvr.2021.38416.5585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Citral (C10H16O) is the main ingredient of Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass oil) and can reduce the side effects of oxidative stress. Diabetes caused by insulin deficiency induces oxidative stress in the liver. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effects of citral on selected oxidative parameters and the gene expression of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in a rat model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus. Methods: Forty rats were divided into four groups at random: control (C), control citral (CC), and two STZ-induced diabetic groups (diabetic (D) and citral diabetic (CD)). After diabetes confirmation (day 7), gavage treatment with citral (300 mg/kg body weight (BW)) was started in the CD and CC groups and continued for two weeks. Results: On day 21 of the study, following treatment with citral for 14 days, the serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and PON1 in the CD group were significantly increased compared to those in the D group (P<0.05). While treatment with citral caused a significant decrease in the Malondialdehyde (MDA), and eNOS in the CD group compared to those of the D group (P<0.001). The expression rate of liver PON1 gene was considerably upregulated in the CD group compared to that in the D group (P<0.001); while the opposite was observed for eNOS gene expression. However, there was no significant difference between the CC and C groups in terms of all examined parameters (P>0.05). Conclusion: This study showed positive effects of citral on serum antioxidant status and liver gene expression of PON1 and eNOS in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khosravi Bakhtiari
- Resident of Clinical Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - H Sharifiyazdi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S Nazifi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Ghaemi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Hadadipour Zarandi
- Resident of Clinical Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Leonurine Ameliorates Oxidative Stress and Insufficient Angiogenesis by Regulating the PI3K/Akt-eNOS Signaling Pathway in H 2O 2-Induced HUVECs. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9919466. [PMID: 34394836 PMCID: PMC8357476 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9919466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thrombus is considered to be the pathological source of morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease and thrombotic complications, while oxidative stress is regarded as an important factor in vascular endothelial injury and thrombus formation. Therefore, antioxidative stress and maintaining the normal function of vascular endothelial cells are greatly significant in regulating vascular tension and maintaining a nonthrombotic environment. Leonurine (LEO) is a unique alkaloid isolated from Leonurus japonicus Houtt (a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)), which has shown a good effect on promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. In this study, we explored the protective effect and action mechanism of LEO on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) after damage by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The protective effects of LEO on H2O2-induced HUVECs were determined by measuring the cell viability, cell migration, tube formation, and oxidative biomarkers. The underlying mechanism of antioxidation of LEO was investigated by RT-qPCR and western blotting. Our results showed that LEO treatment promoted cell viability; remarkably downregulated the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) production, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); and upregulated the nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in H2O2-induced HUVECs. At the same time, LEO treatment significantly promoted the phosphorylation level of angiogenic protein PI3K, Akt, and eNOS and the expression level of survival factor Bcl2 and decreased the expression level of death factor Bax and caspase3. In conclusion, our findings suggested that LEO can ameliorate the oxidative stress damage and insufficient angiogenesis of HUVECs induced by H2O2 through activating the PI3K/Akt-eNOS signaling pathway.
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Sousa R, Figueirinha A, Batista MT, Pina ME. Formulation Effects in the Antioxidant Activity of Extract from the Leaves of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf. Molecules 2021; 26:4518. [PMID: 34361669 PMCID: PMC8348009 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cymbopogon citratus DC (Stapf.) is a perennial grass and it is distributed around the world. It is used as a condiment for food and beverage flavouring in the form of infusions and decoctions of its dried leaves. Our previous studies have shown antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective activities for the infusion and its phenolic fractions. The aim of the present work was to develop oral dosage forms from a Cymbopogon citratus extract to be used as a functional food with antioxidant properties. Initially, an essential oil-free infusion was prepared, lyophilized and characterized by HPLC-PDA. Total phenols were quantified with the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH assay. Gelatine capsules containing the extract with different excipients, selected after DSC and IR trials, were prepared. A formulation exhibiting better antioxidant behaviour in a gastric environment was attained. These results suggest that the proposed formulation for this extract could be a valuable antioxidant product and, consequently, make an important contribution to "preventing" and minimizing diseases related to oxidative stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Sousa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.S.); (A.F.); (M.T.B.)
| | - Artur Figueirinha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.S.); (A.F.); (M.T.B.)
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Batista
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.S.); (A.F.); (M.T.B.)
- CIEPQPF, FFUC, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Eugénia Pina
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.S.); (A.F.); (M.T.B.)
- CIEPQPF, FFUC, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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Role of Herbal Teas in Regulating Cellular Homeostasis and Autophagy and Their Implications in Regulating Overall Health. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072162. [PMID: 34201882 PMCID: PMC8308238 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea is one of the most popular and widely consumed beverages worldwide, and possesses numerous potential health benefits. Herbal teas are well-known to contain an abundance of polyphenol antioxidants and other ingredients, thereby implicating protection and treatment against various ailments, and maintaining overall health in humans, although their mechanisms of action have not yet been fully identified. Autophagy is a conserved mechanism present in organisms that maintains basal cellular homeostasis and is essential in mediating the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer, type II diabetes, obesity, and Alzheimer’s disease. The increasing prevalence of these diseases, which could be attributed to the imbalance in the level of autophagy, presents a considerable challenge in the healthcare industry. Natural medicine stands as an effective, safe, and economical alternative in balancing autophagy and maintaining homeostasis. Tea is a part of the diet for many people, and it could mediate autophagy as well. Here, we aim to provide an updated overview of popular herbal teas’ health-promoting and disease healing properties and in-depth information on their relation to autophagy and its related signaling molecules. The present review sheds more light on the significance of herbal teas in regulating autophagy, thereby improving overall health.
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Potential Effect of Polyphenolic-Rich Fractions of Corn Silk on Protecting Endothelial Cells against High Glucose Damage Using In Vitro and In Vivo Approaches. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123665. [PMID: 34208534 PMCID: PMC8235591 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell dysfunction is considered to be one of the major causes of vascular complications in diabetes. Polyphenols are known as potent antioxidants that can contribute to the prevention of diabetes. Corn silk has been reported to contain polyphenols and has been used in folk medicine in China for the treatment of diabetes. The present study aims to investigate the potential protective role of the phenolic-rich fraction of corn silk (PRF) against injuries to vascular endothelial cells under high glucose conditions in vitro and in vivo. The protective effect of PRF from high glucose toxicity was investigated using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The protective effect of PRF was subsequently evaluated by using in vivo methods in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Results showed that the PRF significantly reduced the cytotoxicity of glucose by restoring cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. PRF was also able to prevent the histological changes in the aorta of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Results suggested that PRF might have a beneficial effect on diabetic patients and may help to prevent the development and progression of diabetic complications such as diabetic nephropathy and atherosclerosis.
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Sharma S, Habib S, Sahu D, Gupta J. Chemical Properties and Therapeutic Potential of Citral, a Monoterpene Isolated from Lemongrass. Med Chem 2021; 17:2-12. [PMID: 31880247 DOI: 10.2174/1573406416666191227111106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citral is one of the main components of lemongrass oil present at a concentration of 65-85% approximately and is generally separated by steam refining. It is an important component in the manufacturing of scents, citrus chemicals, cosmetics, food and pharmaceutical products. OBJECTIVES This article aims at reviewing the published literature to highlight the metabolism, extraction strategies and therapeutic significance of citral for improving the scope of its application in the food and pharma industry. DISCUSSIONS Apart from steam refining, there are other techniques like solvent extraction, supercritical fluid extraction and ultrasonication by which citral can be extracted and the method of extraction defines its quality. It is an unstable molecule and undergoes rapid deterioration on exposure to air. Citral is biosynthesized by the plants through the 5 carbon precursor isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) units utilizing two diverse biochemical pathways, acetate- mevalonate (acetate- MVA) pathway or 2C-methylerythritol-4-phosphate (MEP). Orally Citral was absolutely digested in the gastrointestinal tract and its metabolism leads to the discharge of metabolites which include a number of acids and a biliary glucuronide. There is no scientific evidence about the long term bioavailability of citral in the body and it has no adverse effect on tissue related to its accumulation and delayed excretion. Citral exhibits various important therapeutic properties like antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory. CONCLUSION Citral is a potent biomolecule with various important biological activities and therapeutic implications. Strategies are required to increase the stability of citral which could increase its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Sharma
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Shagufta Habib
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Debasis Sahu
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology (AIB), Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Jeena Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
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Chrząszcz M, Krzemińska B, Celiński R, Szewczyk K. Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Plants Belonging to the Cephalaria (Caprifoliaceae) Genus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:952. [PMID: 34064601 PMCID: PMC8151054 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The genus Cephalaria, belonging to the Caprifoliaceae family, is a rich source of interesting secondary metabolites, including mainly saponins which display a variety of biological activities, such as immunomodulatory, antimicrobial and hemolytic effects. Besides these compounds, flavonoids and phenolic acids were identified in Cephalaria species. Cephalaria is employed in traditional medicine e.g., to cure cardiac and lung diseases, rheumatism, and regulate menstruation. In this review we focus on the phenolic compound composition and antioxidative activity of Cephalaria species. The antioxidant effect can be explained by flavonoids present in all parts of these plants. However, future efforts should concentrate more on in vitro and in vivo studies and also on clinical trials in order to confirm the possibility of using these plants as natural antioxidants for the pharmacology, food or cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Chrząszcz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.C.); (B.K.)
| | - Barbara Krzemińska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.C.); (B.K.)
| | - Rafał Celiński
- Department of Cardiology, Independent Public Provincial Specialist Hospital in Chełm, 22-100 Chełm, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Szewczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.C.); (B.K.)
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21
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Olivares-Caro L, Radojkovic C, Chau SY, Nova D, Bustamante L, Neira JY, Perez AJ, Mardones C. Berberis microphylla G. Forst (Calafate) Berry Extract Reduces Oxidative Stress and Lipid Peroxidation of Human LDL. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121171. [PMID: 33255435 PMCID: PMC7760614 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calafate (Berberis microphylla G. Forst) is a Patagonian barberry very rich in phenolic compounds. Our aim was to demonstrate, through in vitro models, that a comprehensive characterized calafate extract has a protective role against oxidative processes associated to cardiovascular disease development. Fifty-three phenolic compounds (17 of them not previously reported in calafate), were tentatively identified by Ultra-Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detector, coupled to Quadrupole-Time of Fly Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-QTOF). Fatty acids profile and metals content were studied for the first time, by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Total X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF), respectively. Linolenic and linoleic acid, and Cu, Zn, and Mn were the main relevant compounds from these groups. The bioactivity of calafate extract associated to the cardiovascular protection was evaluated using Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) and human low density lipoproteins (LDL) to measure oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. The results showed that calafate extract reduced intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production (51%) and completely inhibited LDL oxidation and malondialdehyde (MDA) formation. These findings demonstrated the potential of the relevant mix of compounds found in calafate extract on lipoperoxidation and suggest a promising protective effect for reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Olivares-Caro
- Departamento de Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (L.O.-C.); (D.N.); (L.B.); (J.Y.N.); (A.J.P.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (C.R.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Claudia Radojkovic
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (C.R.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Si Yen Chau
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (C.R.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Daniela Nova
- Departamento de Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (L.O.-C.); (D.N.); (L.B.); (J.Y.N.); (A.J.P.)
| | - Luis Bustamante
- Departamento de Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (L.O.-C.); (D.N.); (L.B.); (J.Y.N.); (A.J.P.)
| | - Jose Yamil Neira
- Departamento de Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (L.O.-C.); (D.N.); (L.B.); (J.Y.N.); (A.J.P.)
| | - Andy J. Perez
- Departamento de Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (L.O.-C.); (D.N.); (L.B.); (J.Y.N.); (A.J.P.)
| | - Claudia Mardones
- Departamento de Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (L.O.-C.); (D.N.); (L.B.); (J.Y.N.); (A.J.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-983-6163-40
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22
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Sabando C, Rodríguez-Díaz M, Ide W, Pastene E, Avello M, Simirgiotis M, Rojas S, Villarroel E, Silva-Grecchi T, Gutiérrez C, Bouza R, Cicchelli B, González M, Rodríguez-Llamazares S. Improvement of endothelial function by Gunnera tinctoria extract with antioxidant properties. Biol Res 2020; 53:55. [PMID: 33228801 PMCID: PMC7684749 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-020-00322-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gunnera tinctoria has been collected by Mapuche-Pewenche people for food and medicinal purposes. The high polyphenol content of methanolic extract from G. tinctoria leaves with chemical constituents such as ellagic acid and quercetin derivatives suggests its application to prevent endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to provide evidence of the protective effect of this extract on endothelial function by reducing oxidative stress induced by high D-glucose and H2O2, as well as by stimulating nitric oxide (NO) levels in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). RESULTS A methanolic extract with a high content of polyphenols (520 ± 30 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry extract) was obtained from G. tinctoria leaves. Its main constituent was ellagic acid. The results of Ferric reducing antioxidant power and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assays of the extract confirmed its antioxidant activity by inhibition pathway of radical species. The incubation of HUVECs with the extract decreased the apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis induced by high extracellular concentration of D-glucose or hydrogen peroxide. The extract increased endothelial NO levels and reduced vasoconstriction in human placental vessels. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence about the antioxidant and endothelial protective properties of methanolic G. tinctoria leaf extract. The extract improves the availability of NO in HUVECs, inhibiting the production of ROS and vasoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Sabando
- Centro de Investigación de Polímeros Avanzados (CIPA), Avda. Collao 1202, Edificio de Laboratorios, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Walther Ide
- Centro de Investigación de Polímeros Avanzados (CIPA), Avda. Collao 1202, Edificio de Laboratorios, Concepción, Chile
| | - Edgar Pastene
- Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Laboratorio de Síntesis y Biotransformación de Productos Naturales, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Avda. Andrés Bello 720, Chillán, Chile
| | - Marcia Avello
- Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Mario Simirgiotis
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Susana Rojas
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vascular, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Enrique Villarroel
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vascular, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Tiare Silva-Grecchi
- Laboratorio de Screening de Compuestos Neuroactivos, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Cristian Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Rebeca Bouza
- Departamento de Física, E.U.P. Ferrol, Universidad de A Coruña, Avda. 19 de Febrero, s/n, 15405, Ferrol, Spain
| | - Bárbara Cicchelli
- Laboratorio de Investigación Materno-Fetal (LIMaF), Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Marcelo González
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vascular, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile. .,Laboratorio de Investigación Materno-Fetal (LIMaF), Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile. .,Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health), Chillán, Chile.
| | - Saddys Rodríguez-Llamazares
- Centro de Investigación de Polímeros Avanzados (CIPA), Avda. Collao 1202, Edificio de Laboratorios, Concepción, Chile. .,Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad de Concepción, Avda. Cordillera 2634, Coronel, Chile.
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23
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Sielicka‐Różyńska M, Gwiazdowska D. Antioxidant and antibacterial properties of lemon, sweet, and cereal grasses. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sielicka‐Różyńska
- Department of Food Quality and Safety Institute of Quality Science Poznań University of Economics and Business Poznań Poland
| | - Daniela Gwiazdowska
- Department of Natural Science and Quality Assurance Institute of Quality Science Poznań University of Economics and Business Poznań Poland
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24
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Di Pietro N, Baldassarre MPA, Cichelli A, Pandolfi A, Formoso G, Pipino C. Role of Polyphenols and Carotenoids in Endothelial Dysfunction: An Overview from Classic to Innovative Biomarkers. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6381380. [PMID: 33133348 PMCID: PMC7593735 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6381380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the dramatically increased prevalence of metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes mellitus and their related complications, including endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease, represents one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Dietary nutrients together with healthy lifestyles have a crucial role in the endothelium health-promoting effects. From a growing body of evidence, active natural compounds from food, including polyphenols and carotenoids, have attracted particular attention as a complementary therapy on atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, as well as preventive approaches through the attenuation of inflammation and oxidative stress. They mainly act as radical scavengers by promoting a variety of biological mechanisms, such as improvements in endothelial function, blood pressure, platelet activity, and insulin sensitivity, and by modulating various known biomarkers. The present review highlights the role of polyphenols and carotenoids in early endothelial dysfunction with attention to their beneficial effect in modulating both classical and recent technologically generated emerging biomarkers. These, alone or in combination, can play an important role in the prediction, diagnosis, and evolution of cardiovascular disease. However, a main challenge is to speed up early and prompt new interventions in order to prevent or slow down disease progression, even with an adequate intake of bioactive compounds. Hence, there is an urgent need of new more validated, appropriate, and reliable diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers useful to diagnose endothelial dysfunction at an earlier stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Di Pietro
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Pompea Antonia Baldassarre
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Angelo Cichelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Assunta Pandolfi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Gloria Formoso
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Caterina Pipino
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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25
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Temitayo GI, Olawande B, Emmanuel YO, Timothy AT, Kehinde O, Susan LF, Ezra L, Joseph OO. Inhibitory potentials of Cymbopogon citratus oil against aluminium-induced behavioral deficits and neuropathology in rats. Anat Cell Biol 2020; 53:342-354. [PMID: 32839358 PMCID: PMC7527123 DOI: 10.5115/acb.20.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cymbopogon citratus is a tropical phytomedicinal plant that is widely known for its hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anxiolytic, sedative, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we have examined the neuroprotective effects of the essential oil (ESO) of Cymbopogon citratus, following aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced neurotoxicity within the cerebellum of Wistar rats. A total of 40 adult male Wistar rats were assigned into five groups and treated orally as follows: A–phosphate-buffered saline (1 ml daily for 15 days); B–ESO (50 mg/kg daily for 15 days); C–AlCl3 (100 mg/kg daily for 15 days); D–AlCl3 then ESO (100 mg/kg AlCl3 daily for 15 days followed by 50 mg/kg ESO daily for subsequent 15 days); E–ESO then AlCl3 (50 mg/kg ESO daily for 15 days followed by 100 mg/kg AlCl3 daily for following 15 days). To address our questions, we observed the locomotion and exploratory behavior of the rats in the open field apparatus and subsequently evaluated cerebellar oxidative redox parameters, neural bioenergetics, acetylcholinesterase levels, transferrin receptor protein, and total protein profiles by biochemical assays. Furthermore, we investigated cerebellar histomorphology and Nissl profile by H&E and Cresyl violet Nissl staining procedures. ESO treatment markedly attenuated deficits in exploratory activities and rearing behavior following AlCl3 toxicity, indicating its anxiolytic potentials. Additionally, AlCl3 evokedincrease in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels, as well as repressed cerebellar catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase profiles were normalised to baseline levels by ESO treatment. Treatment with ESO, ergo, exhibits substantial neuroprotective and modulatory potentials in response to AlCl3 toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gbadamosi Ismail Temitayo
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Bamisi Olawande
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Yawson Olushola Emmanuel
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.,Division of Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Adeleke University, Ede, Nigeria
| | - Arogundade Tolulope Timothy
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.,Division of Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Adeleke University, Ede, Nigeria
| | - Ogunrinola Kehinde
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Lewu Folashade Susan
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Lambe Ezra
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Olajide Olayemi Joseph
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.,Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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26
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Madi YF, Choucry MA, El-Marasy SA, Meselhy MR, El-Kashoury ESA. UPLC-Orbitrap HRMS metabolic profiling of Cymbopogon citratus cultivated in Egypt; neuroprotective effect against AlCl 3-induced neurotoxicity in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 259:112930. [PMID: 32376365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) is commonly used in teas, soups and treat inflammatory-based ailments, vascular and nervous disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of Cymbopogon citratus leaves through scientific protocol. The effect of aqueous (AE) and ethanolic (EE) extracts was evaluated against AlCl3-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) in rats. Metabolic profiling of the plant, isolation of bioactive compounds and standardization of the active fraction were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS AE of Cymbopogon citratus leaves was prepared as per traditional method (infusion), EE was prepared by repeated maceration in 90% ethanol, bioactive fraction (BAEE) was obtained from EE and the active compounds thereof were obtained by column chromatography. Metabolic profiling of Cymbopogon citratus was performed by UPLC-Orbitrap HRMS and HPLC was used for standardization. AlCl3-induced Alzheimer's rats were used to assess neuroprotective effect of the extracts. Neuroprotective mechanism(s) of Cymbopogon citratus extracts was clarified through histopathological examination of brain tissues, estimation of AD biochemical markers, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in brain homogenates. In addition, antioxidant (using DPPH assay) and anticholinesterase (using modified Ellman's method) activities were investigated. RESULTS AlCl3-treated rats (17 mg/kg/day) showed histopathological alteration in brain tissues together with elevated levels of Aβ, tau proteins, MDA, NF-kB and IL-6. However, treatment with AE and EE of Cymbopogon citratus leaves prevented the pathological changes and maintained the levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. In addition, BAEE significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase enzyme (2.11 ± 0.11 mg/ml) and exhibited a strong antioxidant activity (24.99 ± 0.00 μg/ml). UPLC-MS of Cymbopogon citratus leaves showed peaks for twenty-eight compounds, twenty-one of them were identified. Three flavonoids; isoorientin, isoschaftoside and luteolin-7-O-neohesperidoside were isolated from BAEE as major constituents. The powdered leaves of Cymbopogon citratus was found to contain remarkable amounts of caffeic acid (3.49 mg/g dry wt.) and isoorientin (7.37 mg/g dry wt.) as determined by HPLC. CONCLUSION Cymbopogon citratus ethanolic extract attenuates AlCl3-induced neurotoxicity in rats through inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. This effect could possibly attributed, in part to its high content of phenolic acids and flavonoids. Accordingly, we recommend Cymbopogon citratus leaves for protection against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine F Madi
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Mouchira A Choucry
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt; Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, 11361, Egypt.
| | - Salma A El-Marasy
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Meselhy R Meselhy
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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27
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Chrząszcz M, Miazga-Karska M, Klimek K, Granica S, Tchórzewska D, Ginalska G, Szewczyk K. Extracts from Cephalaria Uralensis (Murray) Roem. & Schult. and Cephalaria Gigantea (Ledeb.) Bobrov as Potential Agents for Treatment of Acne Vulgaris: Chemical Characterization and In Vitro Biological Evaluation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E796. [PMID: 32859126 PMCID: PMC7555732 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the chemical composition, as well as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiacne, and cytotoxic activites of various extracts of Cephalaria gigantea and C. uralensis. It is worth underlining that we are the first to characterize the composition and evaluate the biological properties of extracts from Cephalaria gigantea and C. uralensis. Thus, the LC-DAD-MS3 analysis revealed the presence of 41 natural products in studied extracts. The 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, isoorinetin, and swertiajaponin were the main detected compounds. Among the tested samples, ethanol extract of the aerial parts of C. uralensis (CUE) possessed the most suitable biological properties. It exhibited moderate ability to scavenge free radicals and good capacity to inhibit cyclooxygenase-1, as well as cyclooxygenase-2. Moreover, CUE possessed moderate antibacterial activity against all tested bacterial strains (S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and P. acnes), and importantly, it was non-toxic towards normal skin fibroblasts. Taking into account the value of calculated therapeutic index (>10), it is worth noting that CUE can be subjected to in vivo study. Thus, CUE constitutes a very promising antiacne agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Chrząszcz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Miazga-Karska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.-K.); (K.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Katarzyna Klimek
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.-K.); (K.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Dorota Tchórzewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Grażyna Ginalska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.-K.); (K.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Katarzyna Szewczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
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28
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Simões DM, Malheiros J, Antunes PE, Figueirinha A, Cotrim MD, Fonseca DA. Vascular activity of infusion and fractions of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf. in human arteries. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 258:112947. [PMID: 32387462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf has been traditionally used mainly for inflammatory diseases and hypertension. However, the mechanisms underlying its vascular activity remain to be fully characterized and the fractions responsible for its cardiovascular activity are still unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we aimed to assess the vascular activity of Cymbopogon citratus in human arteries and to study the role of cyclooxygenase in its vasorelaxant effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Vascular effects of leaves infusion and three fractions (phenolic acids, flavonoids and tannins) were studied using distal segments of human internal thoracic arteries harvested from patients undergoing coronary revascularization, which were mounted as rings in tissue organ baths and maintained at 37 °C in Krebs Henseleit buffer. The effect on basal vascular tone, the effect on the noradrenaline-induced contraction and the vasorelaxant effects were assessed. The role of cyclooxygenase was evaluated with indomethacin. RESULTS Our results showed a mild effect on the basal vessel tone of the infusion. A significant inhibition on the adrenergic-mediated vasoconstriction was observed for the infusion (0.0002 mg/mL) and the flavonoid fraction (0.2 mg/mL), despite a potentiation was observed in some conditions. A vasorelaxant effect was observed for both the infusion (6.46% of maximal relaxation) and the tannin fraction (26.91% of maximal relaxation, P < 0.05 vs. infusion). Incubation with indomethacin (10 μM) elicited a decrease in the vasorelaxation to the infusion (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that cyclooxygenase may be involved in the vasorelaxation to the infusion of Cymbopogon citratus and that tannins are the compound fraction mainly responsible for this vasorelaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M Simões
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jéssica Malheiros
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro E Antunes
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Centre of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital and Centre of Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra, CACC, Coimbra,Portugal
| | - Artur Figueirinha
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Portugal; LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy ofUniversity of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Dulce Cotrim
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diogo A Fonseca
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
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Jeon SY, Kim MR, Yu SH, Kim MJ, Shim KS, Shin E, Lee JJ, Lee YC. Combined Extract of Vitis vinifera L. and Centella asiatica Synergistically Attenuates Oxidative Damage Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2020; 25:173-183. [PMID: 32676469 PMCID: PMC7333004 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2020.25.2.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell injury caused by oxidative stress is a critical factor in the initial stage of vascular diseases. Thus, identification of more effective antioxidants is a promising strategy to protect against endothelial cell injury. Recently, synergistic effects between phytochemicals have received renewed attention for their role in the treatment of various diseases. Vitis vinifera L. and Centella asiatica are well-known medicinal plants with various biological effects. However, the combination of the two has not previously been studied. Here, we investigated the effects of V. vinifera L. leaf and C. asiatica extract combination (VCEC), a standardized herbal blend comprising V. vinifera L. leaf extract (VE) and C. asiatica extract (CE), for its antioxidant activity and for the protection of endothelial cells against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-mediated oxidative damage in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). VCEC showed higher antioxidant activity than VE or CE in oxygen radical antioxidant capacity assays. In HUVECs, VCEC significantly suppressed increases in the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species, decreased levels of nitric oxide and vascular endothelial-cadherin, and increased endothelial hyperpermeability triggered by H2O2. Treatment with VE or CE alone ameliorated HUVEC injury in a pattern similar to VCEC, although their effects were significantly weaker than VCEC. Overall, VCEC exhibited a substantial synergistic effect on protecting endothelial cells against oxidative damage through its antioxidant activity. Therefore, VCEC could be developed as a potential agent for reducing the risk of vascular diseases related to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Yeong Jeon
- R&D Center, Naturetech Co., Ltd., Chungnam 31257, Korea
| | - Mi Ran Kim
- R&D Center, Naturetech Co., Ltd., Chungnam 31257, Korea
| | - Su Hyun Yu
- R&D Center, Naturetech Co., Ltd., Chungnam 31257, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Jeong Jun Lee
- R&D Center, Naturetech Co., Ltd., Chungnam 31257, Korea
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Evaristo Rodrigues da Silva R, de Alencar Silva A, Pereira-de-Morais L, de Sousa Almeida N, Iriti M, Kerntopf MR, de Menezes IRA, Coutinho HDM, Barbosa R. Relaxant Effect of Monoterpene (-)-Carveol on Isolated Human Umbilical Cord Arteries and the Involvement of Ion Channels. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112681. [PMID: 32527034 PMCID: PMC7321233 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Carveol is a monoterpene present in the structure of many plant products. It has a variety of biological activities: antioxidant, anticancer and vasorelaxation. However, studies investigating the effect of monoterpenoids on human vessels have not yet been described. Thus, the present study aimed to characterize the effect of (−)-carveol on human umbilical arteries (HUAs). HUA ring preparations were isolated and subjected to isometric tension recordings of umbilical artery smooth muscle contractions. (−)-Carveol exhibited a significant vasorelaxant effect on KCl and 5-HT-induced contractions, obtaining EC50 values of 344.25 ± 8.4 and 175.82 ± 4.05 µM, respectively. The participation of calcium channels in the relaxation produced by (−)-carveol was analyzed using vessels pre-incubated with (−)-carveol (2000 µM) in a calcium-free medium, where the induction of contractions was abolished. The vasorelaxant effect of (−)-carveol on HUAs was reduced by tetraethylammonium (TEA), which increased the (−)-carveol EC50 to 484.87 ± 6.55 µM. The present study revealed that (−)-carveol possesses a vasorelaxant activity in HUAs, which was dependent on the opening of calcium and potassium channels. These results pave the way for further studies involving the use of monoterpenoids for the vasodilatation of HUAs. These molecules have the potential to treat diseases such as pre-eclampsia, which is characterized by resistance in umbilical arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Evaristo Rodrigues da Silva
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (R.E.R.d.S.); (N.d.S.A.); (M.R.K.); (I.R.A.d.M.); (H.D.M.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Andressa de Alencar Silva
- PhD student Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Higher Institute of Biomedical Sciences State University of Ceará–UECE, Fortaleza 60714-903, CE, Brazil;
| | - Luís Pereira-de-Morais
- PhD student in Biotechnology by the Northeastern Biotechnology Network - RENORBIO, State University of Ceará-UECE, Fortaleza 60714-903, CE, Brazil;
| | - Nayane de Sousa Almeida
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (R.E.R.d.S.); (N.d.S.A.); (M.R.K.); (I.R.A.d.M.); (H.D.M.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +390-250316766
| | - Marta Regina Kerntopf
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (R.E.R.d.S.); (N.d.S.A.); (M.R.K.); (I.R.A.d.M.); (H.D.M.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Irwin Rose Alencar de Menezes
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (R.E.R.d.S.); (N.d.S.A.); (M.R.K.); (I.R.A.d.M.); (H.D.M.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (R.E.R.d.S.); (N.d.S.A.); (M.R.K.); (I.R.A.d.M.); (H.D.M.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Roseli Barbosa
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (R.E.R.d.S.); (N.d.S.A.); (M.R.K.); (I.R.A.d.M.); (H.D.M.C.); (R.B.)
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Cymbopogon Proximus Essential Oil Protects Rats against Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy and Fibrosis. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081786. [PMID: 32295062 PMCID: PMC7221672 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is an independent risk factor of many cardiovascular diseases. Several cardiovascular protective properties of Cymbopogon proximus have been reported. However, no reports investigating the direct effect of C. proximus essential oil on the heart are available. The goal of this study was to explore the cardioprotective effect of C. proximus on cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Male albino rats were administered C. proximus essential oil in the presence or absence of hypertrophic agonist isoproterenol. Cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis were assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and histological examination. Pre- treatment of rats with C. proximus decreased the ratio of heart weight to body weight and gene expression of hypertrophy markers atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC), which were induced by isoproterenol. Moreover, C. proximus prevented the increase in gene expression of fibrosis markers procollagen I and procollagen III and alleviated the collagen volume fraction caused by isoproterenol. The pre- treatment with C. proximus essential oil conferred cardio-protection against isoproterenol- induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis.
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Wang W, Zhu BY, Wang P, Zhang P, Deng WW, Wu FH, Ho CT, Ling TJ, Zhang ZZ, Wan XC, Bao GH. Enantiomeric Trimethylallantoin Monomers, Dimers, and Trimethyltriuret: Evidence for an Alternative Catabolic Pathway of Caffeine in Tea Plant. Org Lett 2019; 21:5147-5151. [PMID: 31247775 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Racemic trimethylallantoin monomer (1), mesomeric and racemic trimethylallantoin dimers (2 and 3), were isolated from tea. Two pairs of optically pure enantiomers (1a, 1b and 3a, 3b) were separated by chiral column from the two racemes (1 and 3). Their structures were elucidated by a combination of extensive spectroscopic techniques, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism. A novel caffeine catabolic pathway was proposed based on the caffeine stable isotopic tracer experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036 , China
| | - Bi-Ying Zhu
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036 , China
| | - Pu Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 211198 , China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036 , China
| | - Wei-Wei Deng
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036 , China
| | - Fei-Hua Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 211198 , China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036 , China.,Department of Food Science , Rutgers University , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901-8520 , United States
| | - Tie-Jun Ling
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036 , China
| | - Zheng-Zhu Zhang
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036 , China
| | - Xiao-Chun Wan
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036 , China
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036 , China
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Kim JY, Shim SH. Medicinal Herbs Effective Against Atherosclerosis: Classification According to Mechanism of Action. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019; 27:254-264. [PMID: 30917628 PMCID: PMC6513182 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2018.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a widespread and chronic progressive arterial disease that has been regarded as one of the major causes of death worldwide. It is caused by the deposition of cholesterol, fats, and other substances in the tunica intima which leads to narrowing of the blood vessels, loss of elasticity, and arterial wall thickening, thus causing difficulty in blood flow. Natural products have been used as one of the most important strategies for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases for a long time. In recent decades, as interests in natural products including medicinal herbs have increased, many studies regarding natural compounds that are effective against atherosclerosis have been conducted. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief over-view of the natural compounds that have been used for the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis, and their mechanisms of action based on recent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Yong Kim
- Colleage of Pharmacy, Duksung Woman's University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Shim
- Colleage of Pharmacy, Duksung Woman's University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
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Ma S, Bai Z, Wu H, Wang W. The DPP-4 inhibitor saxagliptin ameliorates ox-LDL-induced endothelial dysfunction by regulating AP-1 and NF-κB. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 851:186-193. [PMID: 30639312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes-associated cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of death for diabetic patients. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor agents, known as gliptins, are a class of potent anti-glycemic agents developed to treat diabetes. Recently, gliptins have been shown to have independent cardiovascular benefits. In this study, we revealed the protective role of saxagliptin in vascular endothelial cells. Our data show that saxagliptin suppresses oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (ox-LDL)-induced expression of its receptor lectin-like ox-LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1). Saxagliptin treatment reduces ox-LDL-induced production of cytokines and vascular adhesion molecules including tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). The presence of saxagliptin suppressed ox-LDL-induced adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells in co-culture adhesion experiments. Moreover, saxagliptin mitigated ox-LDL-induced production of reactive oxygen species and suppressed elevated expression of endothelial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase subunit (NOX-4) induced by ox-LDL. Mechanistically, saxagliptin exerted inhibitory effects against ox-LDL-induced phosphorylation of JNK kinase, expression of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) subunits c-Jun/c-fos, and AP-1 promoter activity. Saxagliptin also suppressed nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 accumulation and inhibited its promoter activity. Our data elaborate the molecular mechanism of saxagliptin-mediated endothelial protection and indicate that saxagliptin could have vascular benefits independent on its anti-glycemic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suxia Ma
- Cardiology Department 2, Shangqiu First People's Hospital, Shangqiu, Henan 476100, China
| | - Zhifeng Bai
- Cardiology Department 2, Shangqiu First People's Hospital, Shangqiu, Henan 476100, China.
| | - Huiying Wu
- Cardiology Department, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Cardiology Department, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, China
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Chen D, Qiao J, Sun Z, Liu Y, Sun Z, Zhu N, Xu X, Yang J, Ma G. New naphtoquinones derivatives from the edible bulbs of Eleutherine americana and their protective effect on the injury of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Fitoterapia 2019; 132:46-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Protective Effect of Pitao ( Pitavia punctata (R. & P.) Molina) Polyphenols against the Red Blood Cells Lipoperoxidation and the In Vitro LDL Oxidation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:1049234. [PMID: 30151018 PMCID: PMC6091293 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1049234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative stress is characterized by an imbalance between the oxidizing agents and antioxidants; meanwhile, the consumption of antioxidants has been considered as an important tool in the prevention of oxidative stress and its consequences. Pitavia punctata (R. & P.) Molina is an endemic arboreal species from the Chilean Coast Range, in which a large amount of flavonoids has been described. This work focused on characterizing and evaluating, in human erythrocytes, the antioxidant capacity and membrane protection of P. punctata extracts and the in vitro protection of the oxidation of the Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL). The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of Quercetin derivatives and flavonoids, such as (-)-Epicatechin, Kaempferol, and derivatives. The methanolic extract presented an important antioxidant activity, protecting the membrane integrity of the red blood cells against the oxidative damage caused by Hypochlorous acid and inhibiting the oxidation of the LDL lipoprotein.
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Cheng J, Wu FH, Wang P, Ke JP, Wan XC, Qiu MH, Bao GH. Flavoalkaloids with a Pyrrolidinone Ring from Chinese Ancient Cultivated Tea Xi-Gui. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:7948-7957. [PMID: 29976052 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Chinese Xi-Gui tea is one ancient cultivated variety of Camellia sinensis var. assamica. At present, it is used for producing expensive and elite tea in China. Five new flavoalkaloids, (-)-6-(5''' S)- N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-epicatechin-3- O-gallate (ester-type catechins pyrrolidinone E, etc-pyrrolidinone E, 1), (-)-6-(5''' R)- N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-epicatechin-3- O-gallate (etc-pyrrolidinone F, 2) (-)-8-(5''' S)- N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-epicatechin-3- O-gallate (etc-pyrrolidinone G, 3a), (-)-8-(5''' S)- N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-catechin-3- O-gallate (etc-pyrrolidinone I, 4a), (-)-8-(5''' R)- N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-catechin-3- O-gallate (etc-pyrrolidinone J, 4b), and one new naturally occurring natural product (-)-8-(5''' R)- N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-epicatechin-3- O-gallate (etc-pyrrolidinone H, 3b) together with the known flavoalkaloids etc-pyrrolidinones A-D (5, 6, 7a, and 7b) were detected and isolated from Xi-Gui green tea. Their structures were identified by comprehensive NMR spectroscopic analyses. Absolute configurations of 1-3 were established by comparison of the CD analyses with epicatechin-3- O-gallate (ECG). Compounds 1-4 were evaluated for their protection against high glucose induced cell senescence on human umbilical vein endothelia cells (HUVECs) and showed significant protection effects ( p < 0.01) at both 1.0 and 10 μM. A discussion on the possible evolution of tea plants divergent from related food plants on the basis of phytochemical view is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cheng
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , 230036 Hefei , People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Hua Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 211198 , People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 211198 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Ping Ke
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , 230036 Hefei , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Chun Wan
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , 230036 Hefei , People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Hua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , 230036 Hefei , People's Republic of China
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Hu J, Lin S, Huang JJ, Cheung PCK. Mechanistic Study of the In Vitro and In Vivo Inhibitory Effects of Protocatechuic Acid and Syringic Acid on VEGF-Induced Angiogenesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:6742-6751. [PMID: 29886729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The antiangiogenic activities of two structurally similar phenolics, protocatechuic acid (PA) and syringic acid (SA), were investigated. In vitro study using HUVECs demonstrated that both PA and SA (at 25 μM) significantly ( p < 0.05) inhibited VEGF-induced cell proliferation by 22.68 ± 5.6% and 21.93 ± 2.0%, respectively; cell migration by 50.04 ± 3.3% and 39.72 ± 4.7%, respectively; cell invasion by 44.16 ± 4.23% and 51.90 ± 2.73%, respectively; and cellular ROS generation by 11.48 ± 6.32% and 21.17 ± 9.10%, respectively. Our mechanistic study revealed that PA and SA blocked the VEGFR2-dependent Akt/ MMP2 and ERK pathways in HUVECs. These inhibitory effects were further confirmed by a decrease of endogenous alkaline phosphatase activity for PA and SA (21.47 ± 1.77% and 10.37 ± 1.27%, respectively) and the suppression of subintestinal vessel plexus formation in Tg (fli1a:EGFP) y1-type transgenic zebrafish embryos. PA and SA down-regulated the angiogenesis-related signal transduction pathway of VEGFα-VEGFR2 or Ang2- Tie2 in zebrafish. Moreover, it was also found that PA demonstrated a better inhibition on VEGF-induced migration of HUVEC and zebrafish vasculature. This might be due to the different number of hydroxyl and methoxy substituents possessed by PA and SA. Taken together, these findings indicate that phenolics PA and SA have potent antiangiogenic activities and are potential targets for the design and development of anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamiao Hu
- College of Food Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou 350002 , China
| | - Shaoling Lin
- College of Food Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou 350002 , China
- School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories , Hong Kong, China
| | - Jim Junhui Huang
- Environmental Research Institute , National University of Singapore , 5 Science Drive 2 , Singapore 117597 , Republic of Singapore
| | - Peter C K Cheung
- School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories , Hong Kong, China
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Tan BL, Norhaizan ME, Liew WPP. Nutrients and Oxidative Stress: Friend or Foe? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:9719584. [PMID: 29643982 PMCID: PMC5831951 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9719584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There are different types of nutritionally mediated oxidative stress sources that trigger inflammation. Much information indicates that high intakes of macronutrients can promote oxidative stress and subsequently contribute to inflammation via nuclear factor-kappa B- (NF-κB-) mediated cell signaling pathways. Dietary carbohydrates, animal-based proteins, and fats are important to highlight here because they may contribute to the long-term consequences of nutritionally mediated inflammation. Oxidative stress is a central player of metabolic ailments associated with high-carbohydrate and animal-based protein diets and excessive fat consumption. Obesity has become an epidemic and represents the major risk factor for several chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms of nutritionally mediated oxidative stress are complex and poorly understood. Therefore, this review aimed to explore how dietary choices exacerbate or dampen the oxidative stress and inflammation. We also discussed the implications of oxidative stress in the adipocyte and glucose metabolism and obesity-associated noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Taken together, a better understanding of the role of oxidative stress in obesity and the development of obesity-related NCDs would provide a useful approach. This is because oxidative stress can be mediated by both extrinsic and intrinsic factors, hence providing a plausible means for the prevention of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee Ling Tan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Esa Norhaizan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Research Centre of Excellent, Nutrition and Non-Communicable Diseases (NNCD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Winnie-Pui-Pui Liew
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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41
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Liu LT, Liang L, Wang W, Yan CQ, Zhang J, Xiao YC, Ye L, Zhao MX, Huang QS, Bian JJ, Shi ZF, Ke X, Zhang ZR. Isolariciresinol-9'-O-α-L-arabinofuranoside protects against hydrogen peroxide‑induced apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells via a PI3K/Akt/Bad‑dependent pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:488-494. [PMID: 29115459 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolariciresinol-9'-O-α-L-arabinofuranoside (MWS‑19) isolated from Pinus massoniana Lamb. Fresh pine needles is the major ingredient of the Songling Xuemaikang capsule therapy used for hypertension. The present study aimed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of MWS‑19 on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‑induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). To investigate the effect of MWS‑19 on apoptosis in HUVECs, an oxidative stress‑induced apoptosis model was established in HUVECs using H2O2, and the present study performed Hoechst 33258 staining and a Cell Counting Kit‑8 (CCK‑8) assay. Furthermore, western blot analysis was also performed to investigate the underlying mechanism of the effects of MWS‑19 on the model. The results demonstrated that MWS‑19 reversed the effects of H2O2 on cell apoptosis at a concentration range of 15.6‑250 µg/ml, with dose‑dependent increases in cell growth. Hoechst staining indicated that 500 µM H2O2 induced HUVEC apoptosis, and MWS‑19 markedly protected HUVECs against apoptosis at 31.3, 62.5 and 125 µg/ml. Furthermore, the protein expression of phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated‑Akt and Bcl‑2‑associated agonist of cell death (Bad) were increased, and reduced caspase‑3 activation was observed, following treatment with MWS‑19 in H2O2‑treated HUVECs. Additionally, the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin attenuated PI3K/Akt/Bad signaling induced by MWS‑19 treatment and neutralized the effect of MWS‑19 on the growth of HUVECs. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that MWS‑19 may protect against H2O2‑induced HUVEC apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt/Bad signaling pathway. MWS‑19 may serve an important role in the prevention of oxidative damage in vascular endothelial cells in hypertension patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Tao Liu
- Post‑Doctoral Research Station, Chengdu Kanghong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan 610217, P.R. China
| | - Lei Liang
- National‑Level Enterprise Technology Center, Chengdu Kanghong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan 610036, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- National‑Level Enterprise Technology Center, Chengdu Kanghong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan 610036, P.R. China
| | - Cui-Qi Yan
- National‑Level Enterprise Technology Center, Chengdu Kanghong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan 610036, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- National‑Level Enterprise Technology Center, Chengdu Kanghong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan 610036, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Chuan Xiao
- National‑Level Enterprise Technology Center, Chengdu Kanghong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan 610036, P.R. China
| | - Liang Ye
- National‑Level Enterprise Technology Center, Chengdu Kanghong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan 610036, P.R. China
| | - Man-Xi Zhao
- National‑Level Enterprise Technology Center, Chengdu Kanghong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan 610036, P.R. China
| | - Quan-Shu Huang
- National‑Level Enterprise Technology Center, Chengdu Kanghong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan 610036, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Bian
- National‑Level Enterprise Technology Center, Chengdu Kanghong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan 610036, P.R. China
| | - Zhang-Fei Shi
- National‑Level Enterprise Technology Center, Chengdu Kanghong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan 610036, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Ke
- National‑Level Enterprise Technology Center, Chengdu Kanghong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan 610036, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Rong Zhang
- Post‑Doctoral Mobile Station, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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MONSALVE BERNARDITA, CONCHA-MEYER ANIBAL, PALOMO IVÁN, FUENTES EDUARDO. Mechanisms of Endothelial Protection by Natural Bioactive Compounds from Fruit and Vegetables. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 89:615-633. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720160509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - EDUARDO FUENTES
- Universidad de Talca, Chile; CONICYT, Chile; Universidad de Talca, Chile
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43
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Zhang H, Yin M, Huang L, Wang J, Gong L, Liu J, Sun B. Evaluation of the Cellular and Animal Models for the Study of Antioxidant Activity: A Review. J Food Sci 2017; 82:278-288. [PMID: 28117894 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of antioxidant activities of phytochemicals are highly complex, so various methods to study them have been developed. However, the diverse available methods show inconsistent results. Different stressors, cell models, and animal models have been used to evaluate the antioxidant properties of phytochemicals. However, the literature still lacks a summary of the effects of different stressors, cell models, and animal models on the evaluation of antioxidant activities. Therefore, the mechanisms of action of different oxidative stimuli and the characteristics of the available cell models and animal models are summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Zhang
- Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business Univ. (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Meng Yin
- Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business Univ. (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Lianyan Huang
- Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business Univ. (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business Univ. (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing, 100048, China.,Key Laboratory of Space Nutrition and Food Engineering, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Lingxiao Gong
- Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business Univ. (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business Univ. (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business Univ. (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
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Overexpression of LOXIN Protects Endothelial Progenitor Cells From Apoptosis Induced by Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2017; 67:326-35. [PMID: 26771151 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human endothelial progenitor cells (hEPC) are adult stem cells located in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. Studies have indicated that hEPC play an important role in the recovery and repair of injured endothelium, however, their quantity and functional capacity is reduced in several diseases including hypercholesterolemia. Recently, it has been demonstrated that hEPC express lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) and its activation by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) induces cellular dysfunction and apoptosis. This study aimed to investigate whether overexpression of LOXIN, a truncated isoform of LOX-1 that acts as a dominant negative, plays a protective role against ox-LDL-induced apoptosis in hEPC. Human endothelial progenitor cells exposed to ox-LDL showed a significant increase in LOX-1 expression, and apoptosis began at ox-LDL concentrations above 50 μg/mL. All hEPC apoptosed at 200 μg/mL ox-LDL. High LOXIN expression was generated using adenoviral systems in hEPC and SiHa cells transduced with 100 colony-forming units per cell. Transduced LOXIN localized to the plasma membrane and blocked ox-LDL uptake mediated by LOX-1. Overexpression of LOXIN protected hEPC from ox-LDL-induced apoptosis, and therefore maybe a novel way of improving hEPC function and quantity. These results suggest that adenoviral vectors of LOXIN may provide a possible treatment for diseases related to ox-LDL and vascular endothelium dysfunction, including atherosclerosis.
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45
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Sheikh BY. The role of prophetic medicine in the management of diabetes mellitus: A review of literature. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Costa G, Ferreira JP, Vitorino C, Pina ME, Sousa JJ, Figueiredo IV, Batista MT. Polyphenols from Cymbopogon citratus leaves as topical anti-inflammatory agents. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 178:222-228. [PMID: 26702504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE A variety of plant polyphenols have been reported to have anti-inflammatory, frequently associated with erythema, edema, hyperplasia, skin photoaging and photocarcinogenesis. Cymbopogon citratus (DC). Stapf (Poaceae) is a worldwide known medicinal plant, used in traditional medicine in inflammation-related conditions. AIM OF THE STUDY In this work, the anti-inflammatory potential of C. citratus infusion (CcI) and its polyphenols as topical agents was evaluated in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS The plant extract was prepared and its fractioning led two polyphenol-rich fractions: flavonoids fraction (CcF) and tannins fraction (CcT). An oil/water emulsion was developed with each active (CcI, CcF+CcT and diclofenac), pH and texture having been evaluated. Release tests were further performed using static Franz diffusion cells and all collected samples were monitored by HPLC-PDA. In vivo topical anti-inflammatory activity evaluation was performed by the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model. RESULTS The texture analysis revealed statistically significant differences for all tested parameters to CcF+CcT, supporting its topical application. Release experiments lead to the detection of the phenolic compounds from each sample in the receptor medium and the six major flavonoids were quantified, by HPLC-PDA: carlinoside, isoorientin, cynaroside, luteolin 7-O-neohesperidoside, kurilesin A and cassiaoccidentalin B. The CcF+CcT formulation prompted to the higher release rate for all these flavonoids. CcI4%, CcI1% and CcF+CcT exhibited an edema reduction of 43.18, 29.55 and 59.09%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight that CcI, containing luteolin 7-O-neohesperidoside, cassiaoccidentalin B, carlinoside, cynaroside and tannins have a potential anti-inflammatory topical activity, suggesting their promising application in the treatment of skin inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Costa
- Center for Pharmaceutical Studies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - João Pinto Ferreira
- Center for Pharmaceutical Studies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Vitorino
- Center for Pharmaceutical Studies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Eugénia Pina
- CIEPQPF, Research Center for Chemical Processes Engineering and Forest Products, Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João José Sousa
- Center for Pharmaceutical Studies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Vitória Figueiredo
- Center for Pharmaceutical Studies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Batista
- Center for Pharmaceutical Studies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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da Silva Pinto L, de Souza FHD, Nascimento IR, Lopes LMX. Phenylpropanoids from Paspalum atratum (Poaceae). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2015.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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48
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Zhao H, Ma T, Fan B, Yang L, Han C, Luo J, Kong L. Protective effect of trans-δ-viniferin against high glucose-induced oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells through the SIRT1 pathway. Free Radic Res 2015; 50:68-83. [PMID: 26483208 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1108412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications. Trans-δ-viniferin (TVN), a polyphenolic compound, has recently attracted much attention as an antioxidant exhibiting a hypoglycemic potential. In the present study, we aimed at investigating the protective effect of TVN against high glucose-induced oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the potential mechanism involved. We found that TVN attenuated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, increased catalase (CAT) activity and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels to ameliorate cell survival induced by 35 mM glucose. Meanwhile, it inhibited high glucose-induced apoptosis by maintaining Ca(2+) and preserving mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) levels. The immunoblot analysis indicated that TVN efficiently regulated the cleavage of caspase family, p53, Bax and Bcl-2, all mediated by SIRT1. Furthermore, the increased level of SIRT1 induced by TVN was inhibited by nicotinamide and siRNA-medicated SIRT1 silencing (si-SIRT1), thereby confirming the significant role of SIRT1 in these events. In conclusion, our results indicated that TVN efficiently reduced oxidative stress and maintained mitochondrial function related with activating SIRT1 in high glucose-treated HUVECs. It suggested that TVN is pharmacologically promising for treating diabetic cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Zhao
- a Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Ting Ma
- a Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Boyi Fan
- a Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Lei Yang
- a Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Chao Han
- a Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Jianguang Luo
- a Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- a Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
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Katsuda Y, Niwano Y, Nakashima T, Mokudai T, Nakamura K, Oizumi S, Kanno T, Kanetaka H, Egusa H. Cytoprotective effects of grape seed extract on human gingival fibroblasts in relation to its antioxidant potential. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134704. [PMID: 26258747 PMCID: PMC4530871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoprotective effects of short-term treatment with grape seed extract (GSE) upon human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) were evaluated in relation to its antioxidant properties and compared with those of a water-soluble analog of vitamin E: trolox (Tx). GSE and Tx showed comparable antioxidant potential in vitro against di(phenyl)-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)iminoazanium (DPPH; a stable radical), hydroxyl radical (•OH), singlet oxygen (1O2), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Pretreatment or concomitant treatment with GSE for 1 min protected hGFs from oxidative stressors, including H2O2, acid-electrolyzed water (AEW), and 1O2, and attenuated the intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species induced by H2O2 and AEW. Tx also reduced the H2O2- and AEW-induced intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species, but showed no cytoprotective effects on hGFs exposed to H2O2, AEW, or 1O2. These results suggest that the cytoprotective effects of GSE are likely exerted independently of its antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Katsuda
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Niwano
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Takuji Nakashima
- Kiasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Satomi Oizumi
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Taro Kanno
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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Batista MT, Costa G, Nunes F, Vitorino C, Sousa JJ, Figueiredo IV. Validation of a RP-HPLC Method for Quantitation of Phenolic Compounds in three Different Extracts from Cymbopogon citratus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/rjmp.2015.331.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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