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Sillanpää M, Engström MT, Tähtinen P, Green RJ, Käpylä J, Näreaho A, Karonen M. Exploring the Interactions between Plant Proanthocyanidins and Thiabendazole: Insights from Isothermal Titration Calorimetry. Molecules 2024; 29:3492. [PMID: 39124899 PMCID: PMC11313799 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes produces substantial challenges to agriculture, and new strategies for nematode control in livestock animals are called for. Natural compounds, including tannins, with proven anthelmintic activity could be a functional option as structurally diverse complementary compounds to be used alongside commercial anthelmintics. However, the dual use of two anthelmintic components requires an understanding of the pharmacological effects of the combination, while information concerning the interactions between plant-based polyphenols and commercial anthelmintics is scarce. We studied the direct interactions of proanthocyanidins (PAs, syn. condensed tannins) and a commercial anthelmintic thiabendazole, as a model substance of benzimidazoles, by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Our results show evidence of a direct interaction of an exothermic nature with observed enthalpy changes ranging from 0 to -30 kJ/mol. The strength of the interaction between PAs and thiabendazole is mediated by structural characteristics of the PAs with the strongest positive correlation originating from the presence of galloyl groups and the increased degree of polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimosa Sillanpää
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; (P.T.); (M.K.)
| | | | - Petri Tähtinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; (P.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Rebecca J. Green
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 224, Reading RG6 6AP, UK;
| | - Jarmo Käpylä
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland;
| | - Anu Näreaho
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Maarit Karonen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; (P.T.); (M.K.)
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2
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Jing SX, McDermott CM, Flanders PL, Reis-Havlat M, Chen SN, Bedran-Russo AK, McAlpine JB, Ambrose EA, Pauli GF. Chemical Transformation of B- to A-type Proanthocyanidins and 3D Structural Implications. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:1416-1425. [PMID: 38687902 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.4c00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
In nature, proanthocyanidins (PACs) with A-type linkages are relatively rare, likely due to biosynthetic constraints in the formation of additional ether bonds to be introduced into the more common B-type precursors. However, A-type linkages confer greater structural rigidity on PACs than do B-type linkages. Prior investigations into the structure-activity relationships (SAR) describing how plant-derived PACs with B- and complex AB-type linkages affect their capacity for dentin biomodification indicate that a higher ratio of double linkages leads to a greater interaction with dentin type I collagen. Thus, A-type PACs emerge as particularly intriguing candidates for interventional functional biomaterials. This study employed a free-radical-mediated oxidation using DPPH to transform trimeric and tetrameric B-type PACs, 2 and 4, respectively, into their exclusively A-type linked analogues, 3 and 5, respectively. The structures and absolute configurations of the semisynthetic products, including the new all-A-type tetramer 5, were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis. Additionally, molecular modeling investigated the conformational characteristics of all trimers and tetramers, 1-5. Our findings suggest that the specific interflavan linkages significantly impact the flexibility and low-energy conformations of the connected monomeric units, which conversely can affect the bioactive conformations relevant for dentin biomodification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Connor M McDermott
- Department of Chemistry, Grandview University, Des Moines, Iowa 50316, United States
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3
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Liang LL, Zhao XJ, Lu Y, Zhu SH, Tang Q, Zuo MT, Liu ZY. An efficient method for the preparative isolation and purification of alkaloids from Gelsemium by using high speed counter-current chromatography and preparative HPLC. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38592940 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2024.2336990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
We established an efficient method using high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) combined with preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (prep-HPLC) for isolating and purifying Gelsemium elegans (G. elegans) alkaloids. First, the two-phase solvent system composed of 1% triethylamine aqueous solution/n-hexane/ethyl acetate/ethanol (volume ratio 4:2:3:2) was employed to separate the crude extract (350 mg) using HSCCC. Subsequently, the mixture that resulted from HSCCC was further separated by Prep-HPLC, resulting in seven pure compounds including: 14-hydroxygelsenicine (1, 12.1 mg), sempervirine (2, 20.8 mg), 19-(R)-hydroxydihydrogelelsevirine (3, 10.1 mg), koumine (4, 50.5 mg), gelsemine (5, 32.2 mg), gelselvirine (6, 50.5 mg), and 11-hydroxyhumanmantenine (7, 12.5 mg). The purity of these seven compounds were 97.4, 98.9, 98.5, 99, 99.5, 96.8, and 85.5%, as determined by HPLC. The chemical structures of the seven compounds were analyzed and confirmed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and 13 C-nuclear magnetic resonance (13 C NMR) spectra. The results indicate that the HSCCC-prep-HPLC method can effectively separate the major alkaloids from the purified G. elegans, holding promising prospects for potential applications in the separation and identification of other traditional Chinese medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Lu
- College of Horticulture architecture, Hunan Agricultural University, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shi-Hao Zhu
- College of Horticulture architecture, Hunan Agricultural University, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qi Tang
- College of Horticulture architecture, Hunan Agricultural University, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meng-Ting Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhao-Ying Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan, China
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4
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Kiene M, Blum S, Jerz G, Winterhalter P. A Comparison between High-Performance Countercurrent Chromatography and Fast-Centrifugal Partition Chromatography for a One-Step Isolation of Flavonoids from Peanut Hulls Supported by a Conductor like Screening Model for Real Solvents. Molecules 2023; 28:5111. [PMID: 37446775 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Peanut hulls (Arachis hypogaea, Leguminosae), which are a side stream of global peanut processing, are rich in bioactive flavonoids such as luteolin, eriodictyol, and 5,7-dihydroxychromone. This study aimed to isolate these flavonoid derivatives by liquid-liquid chromatography with as few steps as possible. To this end, luteolin, eriodictyol and 5,7-dihydroxychromone were isolated from peanut hulls using two different techniques, high-performance countercurrent chromatography (HPCCC) and fast-centrifugal partition chromatography (FCPC). The suitability of the biphasic solvent system composed of n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (1.0/1.0/1.0/1.5; v/v/v/v) was determined by the Conductor like Screening Model for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS), which allowed the partition ratio KD-values of the three main flavonoids to be calculated. After a one-step HPCCC separation of ~1000 mg of an ethanolic peanut hull extract, 15 mg of luteolin and 8 mg of eriodictyol were isolated with purities over 96%. Furthermore, 3 mg of 5,7-dihydroxychromone could be isolated after purification by semi-preparative reversed-phase liquid chromatography (semi-prep. HPLC) in purity of over 99%. The compounds were identified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Kiene
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstrasse 20, 38106 Brauschweig, Germany
| | - Svenja Blum
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstrasse 20, 38106 Brauschweig, Germany
| | - Gerold Jerz
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstrasse 20, 38106 Brauschweig, Germany
| | - Peter Winterhalter
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstrasse 20, 38106 Brauschweig, Germany
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5
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Zhao L, Yan F, Lu Q, Tang C, Wang X, Liu R. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and NMR identification of structurally different A-type procyanidins from peanut skin and their inhibitory effect on acrylamide. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:7062-7071. [PMID: 35690888 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavan-3-ol polyphenols have been shown to have great advantages in inhibiting acrylamide formation. However, flavan-3-ol polyphenols have structures that vary significantly, and existing research has been focused mainly on the effects of B-type procyanidins and structural units of procyanidins. This study aims to separate structurally different A-type procyanidins from peanut skin and compare their inhibitory effects on acrylamide in an asparagine-glucose simulation system. RESULTS Five compounds were separated and identified from peanut skin, including epicatechin-(2β → O → 7, 4β → 8)-ent-epicatechin, epicatechin-(2β → O → 7, 4β → 8)-epicatechin, epicatechin-(2β → O → 7, 4β → 8)-epicatechin-(4β → 6)-catechin, epicatechin-(2β → O → 7, 4β → 8)-epicatechin-(4β → 8)-catechin, and epicatechin-(4β → 6)-epicatechin-(4β → 8, 2β → O → 7)-catechin. All the procyanidins could reduce the acrylamide content within a certain range of concentrations. The highest inhibition rates followed the order of compound 5 (A-type trimer) > compound 1 (A-type dimer) > compound 2 (A-type dimer) > compound 3 (A-type trimer) > compound 4 (A-type trimer). Comparison analysis showed that structurally different A-type procyanidins have various inhibitory effects on acrylamide production, which may be related to their spatial configuration and bond connection mode. CONCLUSION Overall, our findings help us to gain a better understanding of the relationship between the structure of procyanidins and their inhibitory effects on acrylamide, particularly the inhibitory effect of A-type. There are potential practical implications if people use A-type procyanidins as acrylamide inhibitors in hot processed foods in the future. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangfang Yan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qun Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Engineering Research Center of Bee Products on Quality and Safety Control, Wuhan, China
| | - Cuie Tang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Engineering Research Center of Bee Products on Quality and Safety Control, Wuhan, China
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6
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Fan W, Zong H, Zhao T, Deng J, Yang H. Bioactivities and mechanisms of dietary proanthocyanidins on blood pressure lowering: A critical review of in vivo and clinical studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3522-3538. [PMID: 36226711 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2132375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins, widespread in natural plant sources, are bioactive substances that exhibit broad benefits to human health. Of note, proanthocyanidins have been reported to lower blood pressure and prevent hypertension, but a critical review of this is lacking. In this review, information on the basic structures and absorption of dietary proanthocyanidins as well as their bioactivities and related mechanisms on the lowering of blood pressure derived via in vivo and clinical studies are summarized. Clinical studies have shown that proanthocyanidins have a pronounced blood pressure-lowering effect, effectively preventing hypertension and reducing the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The potential mechanisms, which are herein reviewed in detail, involve the improvement of vascular function, reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation, and modulation of lipid metabolism. Taken together, this work provides information for a better understanding of the antihypertensive effects of proanthocyanidins, which may promote their use to reduce the risk of developing hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendong Fan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Houru Zong
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Deng
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haixia Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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7
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Jing SX, Reis M, Alania Y, McAlpine JB, Chen SN, Bedran-Russo AK, Pauli GF. B-type Proanthocyanidins with Dentin Biomodification Activity from Cocoa ( Theobroma cacao). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12456-12468. [PMID: 36134876 PMCID: PMC9547875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To enable translational studies, a scalable preparative isolation scheme was developed for underivatized cocoa (Theobroma cacao) proanthocyanidins (PACs), affording six all-B-type oligomeric PACs, including a new tetramer 4. Their structures, including absolute configuration, were unambiguously established by comprehensive spectroscopic and chemical methods. Evaluation of the PACs' dentin biomodification properties employed dynamic mechanical and infrared spectroscopic analyses in dentin bioassay models. PAC treatment enhanced the biomechanical strength of dentin by 5- to 15-fold compared to untreated dentin. Among the PAC agents, the pentamer, cinnamtannin A3 (6), led to the highest complex modulus value of 131 MPa, whereas the "branched" tetramer, 4, showed the lowest, yet still significant bioactivity. This study of specifically singly linked medium-length oligomeric PACs indicates that the linkage site is paramount in determining the potency of these PACs as dentin biomodifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Xi Jing
- Pharmacognosy Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical
Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612,
USA
| | - Mariana Reis
- Department of General Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry,
Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Yvette Alania
- Department of General Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry,
Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - James B. McAlpine
- Pharmacognosy Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical
Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612,
USA
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- Pharmacognosy Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical
Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612,
USA
| | - Ana K. Bedran-Russo
- Department of General Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry,
Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Guido F. Pauli
- Pharmacognosy Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical
Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612,
USA
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8
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Extraction and identification of proanthocyanidins from the leaves of persimmon and loquat. Food Chem 2022; 372:130780. [PMID: 34624778 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins is flavan-3-ol polymers with many activities which attracted a lot of attention. However, most of the proanthocyanidins come from fruits and seeds, resulting in higher costs. The extraction of proanthocyanidins from leaves that were trimmed as wastes from fruit trees is of good economic benefits. The proanthocyanidins in persimmon leaves and loquat leaves were extracted and purified. The purity of persimmon and loquat leaves were 85.33 ± 0.11% and 88.45 ± 0.96% with yield of 3.40% and 2.37% respectively. Detailed structure information was analyzed. Persimmon leaves proanthocyanidins mainly consist of catechin with B-type link along with a small portion of gallocatechin, catechin gallate and A-type link. Loquat leaves proanthocyanidins consist of catechin, gallocatechin, gallocatechin gallate and afzelechin with B-type link along with a small portion of A-type link. The α-amylase inhibition effect of the two leaves was analyzed. Persimmon leaves proanthocyanidins and loquat leaves proanthocyanidins were two mixed-type inhibitors to α-amylase.
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9
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Comparison of different extraction methods on yield, purity, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of proanthocyanidins from chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa). JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01319-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Kinetic Study of Fungal Growth of Several Tanninolytic Strains Using Coffee Pulp Procyanidins. FERMENTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Procyanidins are bioactive molecules with industrial and pharmaceutical relevance, they are present in recalcitrant agro-industrial wastes that are difficult to degrade. In this study, we evaluated the potential consumption of procyanidins from Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma harzianum strains in submerged fermentations. For this purpose, a culture medium containing salts, glucose, and procyanidins was formulated, where procyanidins were added to the medium after the near-total consumption of glucose. The submerged cultures were carried out in amber flasks at 30 °C and 120 rpm. The addition of procyanidins to the culture medium increased the formation of micellar biomass for all the strains used. The use of glucose affected the growth of A. niger GH1 and A. niger HS1, however, in these assays, a total consumption of procyanidins was obtained. These results show that the consumption of procyanidins by fungal strains in submerged fermentations was influenced by the pH, the use of glucose as the first source of carbon, and the delayed addition of procyanidins to the medium. The study showed that A. niger and T. harzianum strains can be used as a natural strategy for the consumption or removal of procyanidins present in recalcitrant residues of risk to the environment and human health.
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11
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Kauz T, Dunkel A, Hofmann T. High-Throughput Quantitation of Key Cocoa Tastants by Means of Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Application to a Global Sample Set. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:8200-8212. [PMID: 34278790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Historically often described as the food of gods, cocoa-based products exhibit a pleasant aroma as well as a desirable astringent, bitter, and sour taste, which results in a high consumer preference. The key taste components of cocoa were identified and characterized by combining sensory analysis, fractionation, and structure elucidation. Cocoa astringency is driven by N-phenylpropenoyl-l-amino acids, polyphenol glycosides, and flavan-3-ols, while the latter compound class also contributes to bitterness. The key principle for cocoa bitterness was shown to be the combination of alkaloids and 2,5-diketopiperazines. To understand the influence of plant genetics, breeding, and processing on the sensory profile of cocoa products, high-throughput sensometabolite quantitation must be performed throughout all of these steps. In this work, we present a rapid, sensitive, and robust quantitation method on a single ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) platform, requiring minimal workup for any sample type from farm to fork. This method was applied to a global set of 75 cocoa bean samples from all over the world before and after using a uniform roasting protocol. Within this world map, geographical origin did not predetermine cocoa taste profiles, whereas simulated processing by roasting was confirmed to be crucial in profile development. This method will open avenues for further studies to ultimately enable chocolate producers to control and optimize the taste properties of products as well as to monitor raw material selection and processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kauz
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Andreas Dunkel
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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12
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Guilois-Dubois S, Guyot S, Poupard P. Preparative isolation of apple flavan-3-ols monomers and oligomers using pH-zone-refining centrifugal partition chromatography combined with reversed-phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1653:462382. [PMID: 34320431 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Flavan-3-ols (catechin monomers and procyanidins) are the main class of polyphenols in apples and are found in high concentrations in cider apple varieties. They are known to be involved in bitterness and astringency in apple-based beverages, and also contribute to polyphenol nutritional intake.Therefore, highly purified flavan-3-ol fractions isolated from raw materials are needed to study their various properties. For this purpose, a gentle strategy combining pH-zone-refining centrifugal partition chromatography (pH-ZRCPC) and preparative reversed-phase liquid chromatography (Prep-RPLC) was developed to recover one hundred milligrams of a high purity apple flavan-3-ol fraction. First, pH-ZRCPC fractionation in descending mode was optimized to remove hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives using a biphasic mixture composed of ethyl acetate/n-butanol/water (3/2/5, v/v). Trifluoroacetic acid and sodium hydroxide were used as retainer and eluter, in the upper and lower phases, respectively. Secondly, Prep-RPLC separation was carried out in isocratic mode at 20% ACN to remove dihydrochalcones. Finally, from one gram of a crude polyphenol extract, four hundred and nine milligrams of a highly purified fraction of flavan-3-ols with an average degree of polymerization close to 3.1 was obtained with 73% recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Guilois-Dubois
- INRAE UR BIA-Polyphenols, Reactivity, Processes, Le Rheu F-35653, France; UMT ACTIA Nova2Cidre, Le Rheu F-35653, France
| | - Sylvain Guyot
- INRAE UR BIA-Polyphenols, Reactivity, Processes, Le Rheu F-35653, France; UMT ACTIA Nova2Cidre, Le Rheu F-35653, France.
| | - Pascal Poupard
- IFPC (French Institute for Cider Production), Le Rheu F-35653, France; UMT ACTIA Nova2Cidre, Le Rheu F-35653, France
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13
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Bioactive procyanidins from dietary sources: The relationship between bioactivity and polymerization degree. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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14
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Yang Y, Khan BM, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Cheong KL, Liu Y. Advances in Separation and Purification of Bioactive Polysaccharides through High-speed Counter-Current Chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 58:992-1000. [PMID: 32901274 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides, with an extensive distribution in natural products, represent a group of natural bioactive substances having widespread applications in health-care food products and as biomaterials. Devising an efficient system for the separation and purification of polysaccharides from natural sources, hence, is of utmost importance in the widespread applicability and feasibility of research for the development of polysaccharide-based products. High-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) is a continuous liquid-liquid partitioning chromatography with the ability to support a high loading amount and crude material treatment. Due to its flexible two-phase solvent system, HSCCC has been successfully used in the separation of many natural products. Based on HSCCC unique advantages over general column chromatography and its enhanced superiority in this regard when coupled to aqueous two-phase system (ATPS), this review summarizes the separation and purification of various bioactive polysaccharides through HSCCC and its coupling to ATPS as an aid in future research in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Daxue Road, Jinping District, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China
| | - Bilal Muhammad Khan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Daxue Road, Jinping District, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China
| | - Xiping Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Daxue Road, Jinping District, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P.R. China
| | - Yongjie Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Daxue Road, Jinping District, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P.R. China
| | - Kit-Leong Cheong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Daxue Road, Jinping District, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Daxue Road, Jinping District, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China
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15
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Schwarz M, Weber F, Durán-Guerrero E, Castro R, Rodríguez-Dodero MDC, García-Moreno MV, Winterhalter P, Guillén-Sánchez D. HPLC-DAD-MS and Antioxidant Profile of Fractions from Amontillado Sherry Wine Obtained Using High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography. Foods 2021; 10:foods10010131. [PMID: 33435411 PMCID: PMC7826704 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, the polyphenolic profile of a complex matrix such as Amontillado sherry has been processed by means of high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) and characterized by HPLC-DAD-MS. An Amberlite XAD-7 column was used to obtain the wine extract, and three different biphasic solvent systems were applied for HSCCC separation: MTBE (methyl tert-butyl ether)/n-butanol/acetonitrile/water (1.1/3/1.1/5+0.1% trifluoroacetic acid), MTBE/n-butanol/acetonitrile/water (2/2/1/5), and hexane/ethyl acetate/ethanol/water (1/5/1/5). As a result, 42 phenolic compounds and furanic derivatives have been identified by means of HPLC-DAD-MS, with 11 of them being identified for the first time in Sherry wines: 3-feruloylquinic acid, isovanillin, ethyl vanillate, furoic acid, dihydro-p-coumaric acid, 6-O-feruloylglucose, ethyl gallate, hydroxytyrosol, methyl protocatechuate, homoveratric acid and veratraldehyde. In addition, the antioxidant capacity (ABTS) of the obtained fractions was determined, revealing higher values in those fractions in which compounds such as gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, protocatechualdehyde, trans-caftaric acid, syringic acid, isovanillin or tyrosol, among others, were present. This is the first time that HSCCC has been used to characterize the phenolic composition of Sherry wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Schwarz
- “Salus Infirmorum” Faculty of Nursing, University of Cadiz, 11001 Cadiz, Spain;
- Nutrition and Bromatology Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cadiz, Plaza Falla, 9, 11003 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Fabian Weber
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Molecular Food Technology, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 19b, D-53115 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Enrique Durán-Guerrero
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences-IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Pol. Río San Pedro, s/n, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain; (R.C.); (M.d.C.R.-D.); (M.V.G.-M.); (D.G.-S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-956-016-456
| | - Remedios Castro
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences-IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Pol. Río San Pedro, s/n, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain; (R.C.); (M.d.C.R.-D.); (M.V.G.-M.); (D.G.-S.)
| | - María del Carmen Rodríguez-Dodero
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences-IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Pol. Río San Pedro, s/n, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain; (R.C.); (M.d.C.R.-D.); (M.V.G.-M.); (D.G.-S.)
| | - Maria Valme García-Moreno
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences-IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Pol. Río San Pedro, s/n, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain; (R.C.); (M.d.C.R.-D.); (M.V.G.-M.); (D.G.-S.)
| | - Peter Winterhalter
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstrasse 20, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany;
| | - Dominico Guillén-Sánchez
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences-IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Pol. Río San Pedro, s/n, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain; (R.C.); (M.d.C.R.-D.); (M.V.G.-M.); (D.G.-S.)
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16
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Febrianto NA, Zhu F. Diversity in Composition of Bioactive Compounds Among 26 Cocoa Genotypes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:9501-9509. [PMID: 31334642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Composition of bioactive compounds in cocoa beans is critical to the sensory and nutritional quality of cocoa based products. Twenty-six cocoa bean genotypes were freshly collected from the same plantation location in Indonesia. The bioactive compounds in these raw cocoa genotypes were identified and quantified. The results showed a great diversity in the composition of bioactive compounds among the 26 cocoa samples. The concentrations of methylxanthines, epicatechin, proanthocyanidin (PA) B-type oligomers, clovamide, and anthocyanins were important variables that differentiated these genotypes. MCC 01, SUL 3, ICCRI 03, and ICS 60 genotypes had the highest contents of flavan-3-ols including PAs and have the potential to be developed for "healthy" product formulations. Some genotypes such as DR 1, DR 2, DR 38, ICS 13, KPC 1, KW 617, RCC 71, and TSH 858 could be favored by industries due to the potential to be made into end-products with brighter appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Ariefandie Febrianto
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019 , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
- Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI) , Jl. PB Sudirman No. 90 Jember , East Java 68118 , Indonesia
| | - Fan Zhu
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019 , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
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17
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Dos Santos Grecco S, Letsyo E, Tempone AG, Ghilardi Lago JH, Jerz G. Electrospray mass-spectrometry guided target isolation of neolignans from Nectandra leucantha (Lauraceae) by high performance- and spiral-coil countercurrent chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1608:460422. [PMID: 31500882 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nectandra leucantha (Lauraceae) is a tree indigenous to the tropical Atlantic forests of Brazil, one of the most biodiverse flora hotspots worldwide. This plant species contains high concentrations of neolignan and dehydrodieugenol derivatives that express significant in-vitro activities against various parasite strains. These activities are however responsible for severe tropical human infections, such as Leishmaniasis (Leishmania spp.) and Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi), which have been classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). In order to optimize the isolation process for these target metabolites, n-hexane extract of the leaves was separated by means of semi-preparative high performance countercurrent chromatography (HPCCC) and scale-up spiral-coil countercurrent chromatography (sp-CCC) systems. Several biphasic solvent mixtures were evaluated for their partitioning effects on neolignans, resulting in the selection of an optimized system n-hexane - ethylacetate - methanol - water (7:3:7:3, v/v/v/v). The chromatographic experiments on the HPCCC and sp-CCC were run in the head-to-tail mode with 500 mg and 16 g injections, respectively. For specific and multiple metabolite detection, the recovered CCC-fractions were off-line injected, in the sequence of recovery, to an electrospray mass-spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) device. A projection of the single ion traces of the target compounds, in the positive ionization mode at a scan range of m/z 100-1500, located chromatographic areas where the co-elution effects occurred and pure target metabolites were present. Five major target neolignans were specifically detected, which enabled the accurate pooling of CCC-fractions for an optimum recovery of the metabolites. The direct comparison of the performance characteristics of the two CCC-devices, with very different mechanical designs was achieved by the conversion of the time axis into a partition ratio (KD) separation scale. As a result, the compound specific KD-elution values of the target neolignan were determined in high precision, while the comparison of the calculated separation factor (α) and resolution factor (RS) values revealed a superior separation performance for the HPCCC system. Also, the reproducibility of detected metabolites in the two CCC experiments was confirmed by small variations (ΔKD ±0.1). Neolignan target compounds with anti-parasite activities were successfully isolated in the 100 mg to 4 g range in a single lab-scale countercurrent chromatographic process step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Dos Santos Grecco
- Anhanguera University of São Paulo, Biotechnology and Innovation in Health and Pharmacy Postgraduate Programs, 05145-200, São Paulo, Brazil; Center of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC, 09210-580, Santo André, Brazil.
| | - Emmanuel Letsyo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ho Technical University, P.O Box HP 217, Ho, Ghana
| | - André Gustavo Tempone
- Center of Parasitology and Mycology, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, 01246-902, Brazil
| | | | - Gerold Jerz
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstrasse 20, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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18
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Rodríguez‐Werner M, Winterhalter P, Esatbeyoglu T. Phenolic Composition, Radical Scavenging Activity and an Approach for Authentication of
Aronia melanocarpa
Berries, Juice, and Pomace. J Food Sci 2019; 84:1791-1798. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Rodríguez‐Werner
- Inst. of Food ChemistryTechnische Univ. Braunschweig Schleinitzstrasse 20 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Peter Winterhalter
- Inst. of Food ChemistryTechnische Univ. Braunschweig Schleinitzstrasse 20 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Tuba Esatbeyoglu
- Inst. of Food ChemistryTechnische Univ. Braunschweig Schleinitzstrasse 20 38106 Braunschweig Germany
- Inst. of Food Science and Human NutritionGottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Univ. Hannover Am Kleinen Felde 30 30167 Hannover Germany
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19
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Zhong JL, Muhammad N, Gu YC, Yan WD. A simple and efficient method for enrichment of cocoa polyphenols from cocoa bean husks with macroporous resins following a scale-up separation. J FOOD ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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20
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Wei S, Zheng Y, Zhang M, Zheng H, Yan P. Grape seed procyanidin extract inhibits adipogenesis and stimulates lipolysis of porcine adipocytes in vitro. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:2753-2762. [PMID: 29701782 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this article was to evaluate in vitro effect of grape seed procyanidin extract (GSPE) on differentiation, proliferation, and lipolysis of porcine adipocytes, providing a molecular basis for the use of GSPE in pig fat regulation. Primary preadipocytes isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue of pigs were used as the in vitro cell model. Treatment of GSPE repressed preadipocyte differentiation, as evidenced by reduced lipid accumulation, decreased mRNA expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), as well as enhanced expressions of preadipocyte factor-1. Activity of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH), one of the most important enzymes in the pathway for triacylglycerol biosynthesis, was also decreased. Furthermore, GSPE could suppress preadipocyte proliferation by inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis. In porcine mature adipocytes, treatment with GSPE attenuated lipid content and GPDH activity, and the release of both free fatty acid and glycerol were enhanced; mRNA expressions of key lipolytic transcription factors, including hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), were elevated in GSPE-treated adipocytes. In summary, our results suggest GSPE inhibits porcine preadipocyte differentiation and proliferation and stimulates lipolysis of mature adipocytes, thus providing novel insights for further exploring the use of GSPE as a fat accumulation inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjuan Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P R China
| | - Yueying Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P R China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P R China
| | - Hao Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P R China
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21
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Comparison of phytochemical profiles and antiproliferative activities of different proanthocyanidins fractions from Choerospondias axillaris fruit peels. Food Res Int 2018; 113:298-308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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22
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Isolation of chemically well-defined semipreparative liquid chromatography fractions from complex mixtures of proanthocyanidin oligomers and polymers. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1576:67-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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23
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Peng A, Hewitson P, Sutherland I, Chen L, Ignatova S. The effect of increasing centrifugal acceleration/force and flow rate for varying column aspect ratios on separation efficiency in Counter-Current Chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1581-1582:80-90. [PMID: 30442474 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Increasing column/tubing aspect ratio has been shown in a feasibility study to improve column efficiency when operating in reversed phase mode. This paper contains a thorough investigation on how increases in mobile phase flow and centrifugal force field affect stationary phase retention and column efficiency (as measured by the resolution between adjacent peaks) for columns wound with rectilinear tubing of different aspect ratio. The study uses a Mini CCC instrument operating from 1500 to 2100 rpm (126-246 g) to compare three columns with the same cross-sectional area but different aspect ratio - rectangular horizontal (force field perpendicular to the flat side - aspect ratio 3.125); square (aspect ratio 1.0) and rectangular vertical (flat side parallel with force field - aspect ratio 0.32). Columns are compared by measuring stationary phase retention, resolution and normalized resolution for 3 different mobile phase flow rates 2, 4 and 8 ml/min in both normal phase and reversed phase modes. The results with rectilinear tubing are compared to conventional circular tubing with the same cross-sectional area. The results show that resolution increases with aspect ratio and that at the highest aspect ratio the highest flow rate can maintain a high efficiency only if the highest g-field of 246 g is used. When comparing the rectangular horizontal tubing which gave the best results with conventional circular tubing with the same cross-sectional area a 45% improvement was found in reversed phase mode and a 51% improvement in normal phase mode over the conventional circular cross-section tubing. In other words, a rectangular horizontally wound bobbin with half the length of tubing can achieve the same result as a circular one. These are very significant results for halving separation times analytically or enabling designers to produce new instruments of the same capacity with a much-reduced size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Peter Hewitson
- Advanced Bioprocessing Centre, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Ian Sutherland
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China; Advanced Bioprocessing Centre, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, UK.
| | - Lijuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Svetlana Ignatova
- Advanced Bioprocessing Centre, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, UK
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24
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Luo L, Cui Y, Cheng J, Fang B, Wei Z, Sun B. An approach for degradation of grape seed and skin proanthocyanidin polymers into oligomers by sulphurous acid. Food Chem 2018; 256:203-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.02.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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25
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Won JY, Son SY, Lee S, Singh D, Lee S, Lee JS, Lee CH. Strategy for Screening of Antioxidant Compounds from Two Ulmaceae Species Based on Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071830. [PMID: 30041442 PMCID: PMC6100396 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based untargeted metabolomics implies that annotated metabolites can serve as potential markers of the associated bioactivities of plant extracts. Firstly, we selected Aphananthe aspera and Zelkova serrata (Family: Ulmaceae) from 16 Korean plant species based on their distinct principal component analysis (PCA) patterns in LC-MS datasets and antioxidant activity assays. Further, we chose 40% solid-phase extraction (SPE) extracts of the two species displaying the highest antioxidant activities coupled with distinct PCA patterns. Examining the metabolite compositions of the 40% SPE extracts, we observed relatively higher abundances of quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin O-glucosides for A. aspera, whereas quercetin, isorhamnetin O-glucuronides, and procyanidin dimer were relatively higher in Z. serrata. These metabolites were clearly distinguished in pathway map and displayed strong positive correlations with antioxidant activity. Further, we performed preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (prep-HPLC) analysis coupled with the 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assay to validate their functional correlations. As a result, quercetin O-sophoroside was determined as the main antioxidant in A. aspera, while isorhamnetin O-glucuronide and procyanidin dimer were the primary antioxidants in Z. serrata. The current study suggests that the LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics strategy can be used to illuminate subtle metabolic disparities as well as compounds associated with bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong Yeun Won
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Su Young Son
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Sunmin Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Digar Singh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Sarah Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 22689, Korea.
| | - Jong Seok Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 22689, Korea.
| | - Choong Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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26
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Liu Z, Yang L. Antisolvent precipitation for the preparation of high polymeric procyanidin nanoparticles under ultrasonication and evaluation of their antioxidant activity in vitro. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 43:208-218. [PMID: 29555277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
An improved method of ultrasonic antisolvent precipitation was used to prepare micronized high polymeric procyanidins (HPC). Response surface methodology (Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken design) was employed to predict the optimal preparation conditions and satisfactory mean particle size. Among seven parameters, three parameters (i.e., ultrasonic irradiation power, ultrasonic-stirring time, and stirring speed) were identified as the most significant variables using Plackett-Burman design; thus, these three parameters were further optimized using Box-Behnken design. The optimal preparation conditions for micronized HPC were obtained as follows: dropping speed of 4 mL/min, HPC solution concentration of 0.3 mg/mL, ratio of antisolvent and solvent of 5 mL/mL, precipitation temperature of 10 °C, ultrasonic-stirring time of 14 min, ultrasonic irradiation power of 620 W, and stirring speed of 760 r/min. A minimum mean particle size of 96 ± 2 nm was achieved under the aforementioned conditions. The obtained micronized HPC was analysed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and X-ray powder diffraction patterns. Micronized HPC enjoyed the higher quantity dissolved and exhibited stronger antioxidant activity in compared to the unprocessed HPC. These results demonstrated that the improved method has great potential for the production of micronized particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaizhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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27
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Ma W, Waffo-Téguo P, Alessandra Paissoni M, Jourdes M, Teissedre PL. New insight into the unresolved HPLC broad peak of Cabernet Sauvignon grape seed polymeric tannins by combining CPC and Q-ToF approaches. Food Chem 2018; 249:168-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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28
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Zou D, Zhu X, Zhang F, Du Y, Ma J, Jiang R. An Efficient Strategy Based on Liquid-Liquid Extraction with Three-Phase Solvent System and High Speed Counter-Current Chromatography for Rapid Enrichment and Separation of Epimers of Minor Bufadienolide from Toad Meat. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:1008-1014. [PMID: 29300475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study presents an efficient strategy based on liquid-liquid extraction with three-phase solvent system and high speed counter-current chromatography for rapid enrichment and separation of epimers of minor bufadienolide from toad meat. The reflux extraction conditions were optimized by response surface methodology first, and a novel three-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane/methyl acetate/acetonitrile/water (3:6:5:5, v/v) was developed for liquid-liquid extraction of the crude extract. This integrative extraction process could enrich minor bufadienolide from complex matrix efficiently and minimize the loss of minor targets induced by repeated extraction with different kinds of organic solvents occurring in the classical liquid two-phase extraction. As a result, four epimers of minor bufadienolide were greatly enriched in the middle phase and total content of these epimers of minor bufadienolide was increased from 3.25% to 46.23%. Then, the enriched four epimers were separated by HSCCC with a two-phase solvent system composed of chloroform/methanol/water (4:2:2, v/v) successfully. Furthermore, we tested Na+,K+-ATPase (NKA) inhibitory effect of the four epimers. 3β-Isomers of bufadienolide showed stronger (>8-fold) inhibitory activity than 3α-isomers. The characterization of minor bufadienolide in toad meat and their significant difference of inhibitory effect on NKA would promote the further quantitative analysis and safety evaluation of toad meat as a food source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denglang Zou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xuelin Zhu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Yurong Du
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of Tibet Plateau, School of Life and Geography Science, Qinghai Normal University , Xining 810000, P. R. China
| | - Jianbin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of Tibet Plateau, School of Life and Geography Science, Qinghai Normal University , Xining 810000, P. R. China
| | - Renwang Jiang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
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29
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Separation and purification of four phenolic compounds from persimmon by high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1072:78-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Centrifugal partition chromatography enables selective enrichment of trimeric and tetrameric proanthocyanidins for biomaterial development. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1535:55-62. [PMID: 29331224 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PACs) find wide applications for human use including food, cosmetics, dietary supplements, and pharmaceuticals. The chemical complexity associated with PACs has triggered the development of various chromatographic techniques, with countercurrent separation (CCS) gaining in popularity. This study applied the recently developed DESIGNER (Depletion and Enrichment of Select Ingredients Generating Normalized Extract Resources) approach for the selective enrichment of trimeric and tetrameric PACs using centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC). This CPC method aims at developing PAC based biomaterials, particularly for their application in restoring and repairing dental hard tissue. A general separation scheme beginning with the depletion of polymeric PACs, followed by the removal of monomeric flavan-3-ols and a final enrichment step produced PAC trimer and tetramer enriched fractions. A successful application of this separation scheme is demonstrated for four polyphenol rich plant sources: grape seeds, pine bark, cinnamon bark, and cocoa seeds. Minor modifications to the generic DESIGNER CCS method were sufficient to accommodate the varying chemical complexities of the individual source materials. The step-wise enrichment of PAC trimers and tetramers was monitored using normal phase TLC and Diol-HPLC-UV analyses. CPC proved to be a reliable tool for the selective enrichment of medium size oligomeric PACs (OPACs). This method plays a key role in the development of dental biomaterials considering its reliability and reproducibility, as well as its scale-up capabilities for possible larger-scale manufacturing.
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Jia M, Yang J, Zhao YX, Liu ZS, Aisa HA. A strategy of improving the imprinting effect of molecularly imprinted polymer: Effect of heterogeneous macromolecule crowding. Talanta 2017; 175:488-494. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Impact of chocolate liquor on vascular lesions in apoE-knockout mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2549-2560. [PMID: 28935809 DOI: 10.1042/cs20170279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cocoa polyphenols are thought to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Thus, cocoa-containing foods may have significant health benefits. Here, we studied the impact of chocolate liquor on vascular lesion development and plaque composition in a mouse model of atherosclerosis. Apolipoprotein E (apoE)-knockout mice were assigned to two groups and fed a Western diet that contained 250 g/kg of either chocolate liquor or a polyphenol-free isoenergetic control paste for 16 weeks. In addition to fat, protein, and fibers, the chocolate liquor contained 2 g/kg of polyphenols. Compared with the control group, mice fed the chocolate liquor had larger plaque areas in the descending aorta and aortic root, which were attributed to a higher mass of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and collagen. Vascular lipid deposits and calcification areas did not differ between the two groups. The aortic tissue level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA was 5-fold higher in the mice fed chocolate liquor than in the control mice. Chocolate-fed mice exhibited an increased hepatic saturated to polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio than the controls. Although the chocolate liquor contained 14 µg/kg of vitamin D2, the chocolate liquor-fed mice did not have measurable 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 in the serum. These mice even showed a 25% reduction in the level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 compared with the control mice. Overall, present data may contribute to our understanding how chocolate constituents can impact vascular lesion development.
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Origin-based polyphenolic fingerprinting of Theobroma cacao in unfermented and fermented beans. Food Res Int 2017; 99:550-559. [PMID: 28784516 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive analysis of cocoa polyphenols from unfermented and fermented cocoa beans from a wide range of geographic origins was carried out to catalogue systematic differences based on their origin as well as fermentation status. This study identifies previously unknown compounds with the goal to ascertain, which of these are responsible for the largest differences between bean types. UHPLC coupled with ultra-high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry was employed to identify and relatively quantify various oligomeric proanthocyanidins and their glycosides amongst several other unreported compounds. A series of biomarkers allowing a clear distinction between unfermented and fermented cocoa beans and for beans of different origins were identified. The large sample set employed allowed comparison of statistically significant variations of key cocoa constituents.
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Gao Q, Ma R, Chen L, Shi S, Cai P, Zhang S, Xiang H. Antioxidant profiling of vine tea (Ampelopsis grossedentata): Off-line coupling heart-cutting HSCCC with HPLC–DAD–QTOF-MS/MS. Food Chem 2017; 225:55-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.11.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Zhang S, Li L, Cui Y, Luo L, Li Y, Zhou P, Sun B. Preparative high-speed counter-current chromatography separation of grape seed proanthocyanidins according to degree of polymerization. Food Chem 2017; 219:399-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pedan V, Fischer N, Rohn S. An online NP-HPLC-DPPH method for the determination of the antioxidant activity of condensed polyphenols in cocoa. Food Res Int 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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37
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Li L, Zhang S, Cui Y, Li Y, Luo L, Zhou P, Sun B. Preparative separation of cacao bean procyanidins by high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1036-1037:10-19. [PMID: 27700988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, an efficient method for preparative separation of procyanidins from raw cacao bean extract by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was developed. Under the optimized solvent system of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-water (1:50:50, v/v/v) with a combination of head-tail and tail-head elution modes, various procyanidins fractions with different polymerization degrees were successfully separated. UPLC, QTOF-MS and 1H NMR analysis verified that these fractions contained monomer up to pentamer respectively. Dimeric procyanidin B2 (purity>86%) could be isolated by HSCCC in a single run. Other individual procyanidins in these fractions could be further isolated and purified by preparative HPLC. The developed HSCCC together with preparative HPLC techniques appeared to be a useful tool for large preparation of different procyanidins from cacao beans. Furthermore, by antioxidant activity assays, it was proved that both fractions and individual procyanidins possessed greater antioxidant activities compared to standard trolox. The antioxidant activities of procyanidins increase as the increase of their polymerization degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, China; School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Shuting Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, China; Department of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, 154007 Jiamusi, China
| | - Yan Cui
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Lanxin Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Peiyu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Baoshan Sun
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, China; Pólo Dois Portos, Instituto National de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., Quinta da Almoinha, 2565-191 Dois Portos, Portugal.
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Pedan V, Fischer N, Rohn S. Extraction of cocoa proanthocyanidins and their fractionation by sequential centrifugal partition chromatography and gel permeation chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:5905-5914. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9705-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Neilson AP, O'Keefe SF, Bolling BW. High-Molecular-Weight Proanthocyanidins in Foods: Overcoming Analytical Challenges in Pursuit of Novel Dietary Bioactive Components. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2015; 7:43-64. [PMID: 26735794 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-022814-015604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are an abundant but complex class of polyphenols found in foods and botanicals. PACs are polymeric flavanols with a variety of linkages and subunits. Connectivity and degree of polymerization (DP) determine PAC bioavailability and bioactivity. Current quantitative and qualitative methods may ignore a large percentage of dietary PACs. Subsequent correlations between intake and activity are hindered by a lack of understanding of the true PAC complexity in many foods. Additionally, estimates of dietary intakes are likely inaccurate, as nutrient databank values are largely based on standards from cocoa (monomers to decamers) and blueberries (mean DP of 36). Improved analytical methodologies are needed to increase our understanding of the biological roles of these complex compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Neilson
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060; ,
| | - Sean F O'Keefe
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060; ,
| | - Bradley W Bolling
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706;
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40
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Englert M, Vetter W. Tubing modifications for countercurrent chromatography (CCC): Stationary phase retention and separation efficiency. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 884:114-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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